EP3862244B1 - Kühlsystem und zugehöriges verfahren zum nachweis von verschmutzung - Google Patents

Kühlsystem und zugehöriges verfahren zum nachweis von verschmutzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3862244B1
EP3862244B1 EP21155391.2A EP21155391A EP3862244B1 EP 3862244 B1 EP3862244 B1 EP 3862244B1 EP 21155391 A EP21155391 A EP 21155391A EP 3862244 B1 EP3862244 B1 EP 3862244B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling system
predetermined
equipment
power supply
temperature sensor
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Application number
EP21155391.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3862244A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe AUDEMAR
Bertrand Chauchat
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooling system, for example for a vehicle, in particular railway.
  • the drop in ventilation flow results in a drop in the performance of the cooling system.
  • To remedy this drop in performance it is necessary to carry out maintenance operations which are, for example, cleaning and/or replacing the filter.
  • a first maintenance strategy is corrective maintenance, which consists of doing nothing until the drop in performance has an impact on functionality or even breakage.
  • a second maintenance strategy is systematic maintenance, which consists in carrying out maintenance operations spaced out in time by predefined periods.
  • a third maintenance strategy is predictive maintenance, which consists in directly or indirectly controlling the cooling efficiency automatically and regularly to carry out the maintenance operation as late as possible without the functional being affected. This third strategy is generally to be favored in economic terms.
  • a vane anemometer or other types of device such as a hot film or a hot ball.
  • these types of sensor are not intended to be permanently mounted on rolling stock, for example railroad stock, which moreover is in an environment likely to be polluted, for example by particles and/or dust, or even l 'water.
  • the object of the invention is thus in particular to propose a system for detecting fouling of a cooling system, the detection system being simple, robust and suitable for prolonged use in a vehicle, for example railway.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle, in particular a railway vehicle, comprising a cooling system as described above.
  • the vehicle may optionally comprise the following characteristic: the vehicle comprises at least one electrical or thermal equipment, the cooling system being suitable for cooling the equipment or forming part of the equipment, the equipment being for example an electrical converter, a air/water exchanger, an air conditioning system, or a traction system.
  • a vehicle 10 according to the invention is illustrated in the figure 1 .
  • the vehicle 10 is for example a railway vehicle.
  • the vehicle 10 is a road transport vehicle, for example a bus or a car.
  • the vehicle 10 includes a cooling system 12 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle 10 also typically includes at least one piece of electrical or thermal equipment 14 .
  • the equipment 14 has at least one operating configuration, in which it is able to implement a predetermined function, and a shutdown configuration, in which the predetermined function is not implemented by the equipment 14.
  • the passage of the equipment 14 from the stop configuration to the operating configuration, and/or vice versa can be controlled by an operator.
  • the predetermined function is for example an energy transfer function, in particular electrical, hydraulic, fuel, air volumes or energy transfer mechanical.
  • the predetermined function is also, as a variant, an energy storage or transformation function.
  • the predetermined function depends on the nature of the equipment 14.
  • the equipment 14 is thus for example an electric converter, an air/water exchanger, an air conditioning system, or a traction system.
  • the cooling system 12 is suitable for cooling the equipment 14.
  • the cooling system 12 is part of the equipment 14.
  • the cooling system 12 is illustrated in the figure 1 .
  • the cooling system 12 comprises a pipe 16, a device 18 for producing an air flow in the pipe 16, and a system 20 for detecting clogging of the cooling system 12.
  • fouling is meant any degrading phenomenon, worsening over time, the proper functioning of the cooling system 12 with respect to the circulation of air in the pipe 16.
  • Pipe 16 extends along a guideline.
  • the pipe 16 delimits an interior volume 22 in which circulates the flow of air produced by the production device 18.
  • the production device 18 comprises for example a fan 24.
  • the production device 18 is configured to produce the airflow at a predetermined ventilation temperature, the predetermined ventilation temperature being for example controllable by an operator.
  • the device 18 for producing the air flow is advantageously configured to produce the air flow independently of the configuration of the equipment 14.
  • the production device 18 is preferably configured to produce the airflow even when the equipment 14 is in its shutdown configuration.
  • the detection system 20, illustrated in the picture 2 comprises a finned radiator 26, a power supply device 28 and a processing unit 30.
  • the pipe 16 is shown schematically in cross section with respect to its guideline.
  • Radiator 26 includes a base 32, a plurality of fins 34, a heater 36, and a temperature sensor 38.
  • Radiator 26 is mounted on line 16.
  • the base 32 is for example received in a through opening 40 of the pipe 16 in a sealed manner, so as to prevent any loss of the flow of air circulating in the pipe 16.
  • the base 32 has any shape.
  • Base 32 is thermally conductive.
  • a thermally conductive element it is meant that the element has a thermal conductivity for example greater than 100 W/(m.K).
  • the base 32 is for example made of aluminum.
  • the fins 34 extend from the base 32 projecting.
  • the fins 34 are thermally conductive.
  • heat transmitted to base 32 by heating member 36 is able to be transmitted to fins 34 by thermal conduction.
  • the fins 34 are arranged inside the pipe 16, for example entirely inside the pipe 16.
  • the fins 34 are thus able to evacuate heat transmitted by the base 32 into the interior volume 22 of the pipe 16.
  • the air flow produced by the production device 18 is capable of presenting a nominal local flow circulating in the fins 34 of the radiator 26, when the cooling system 12 is not clogged.
  • the position of the radiator 26 along the pipe 16 is chosen according to the geometry of the pipe 16 so that, when the cooling system 12 is not clogged, the nominal local flow circulating in the fins 34 is stable and has a substantially constant value.
  • the local flow circulating in the fins 34 of the radiator 26 decreases as a function of fouling of the cooling system 12.
  • the electric power supply device 28 of the radiator 26 is configured to supply the heating member 36 with a predetermined electric power supply.
  • the electrical supply device 28 of the radiator 26 is for example permanently placed in the vehicle 10 and is configured to supply other electrical systems of the vehicle 10.
  • the power supply device 28 is thus electrically connected to the heating member 36.
  • the electrical supply device 28 is already present in the vehicle 10.
  • the finned radiator 26 is mounted on the pipe 16 and the heating member 36 is electrically connected to the device. food 28.
  • the heating member 36 is capable of heating the base 32 to a predetermined heating temperature as a function of said predetermined electric power supply.
  • the heating member 36 comprises for example an electrical resistor 42 powered by the predetermined electrical power supply.
  • the heating member 36 is in this example attached to the base 32, and in contact with it.
  • the heating element 36 is arranged outside the pipe 16.
  • the temperature sensor 38 is configured to measure a temperature of the base 32, in particular at a predetermined point on the surface of the base 32.
  • the temperature sensor 38 is for example analog.
  • the temperature sensor 38 is arranged outside the pipe 16.
  • the predetermined point is then outside the pipe 16.
  • the radiator 26 has a thermal resistance to the evacuation of heat from the heating element by the fins 34.
  • the thermal resistance is a characteristic whose value depends in particular on a local flow rate of the air flow circulating in the fins 34 according to a monotonically decreasing curve.
  • the curve has a first region in which an absolute value of a derivative of the curve is greater than a predetermined threshold, and a second region in which an absolute value of a derivative of the curve is less than the predetermined threshold.
  • the absolute value of the derivative of the curve, over the entire flow rate range is between a maximum value and a minimum value, the predetermined threshold being greater than 50% of the maximum value.
  • the curve is chosen such that the nominal local flow rate circulating in the fins 34, when the cooling system 12 is not clogged, is included in the first region.
  • the predetermined threshold is preferably chosen so that, in the first region, a drop of 5% of the nominal local flow implies a drop of at least 5%, preferably of at least 10%, of the thermal resistance of the radiator 26.
  • the temperature sensor 38 is able to detect a small drop in the local flow, given that this is accompanied by a large variation in the thermal resistance and therefore a large variation in the temperature of the base 32.
  • the processing unit 30 is connected at least to the temperature sensor 38 and to the power supply device 28.
  • the processing unit 30 is for example permanently placed in the vehicle 10 and is connected to other electrical systems of the vehicle 10.
  • the processing unit 30 comprises a processor 44 and a memory 46.
  • the processing unit 30 when mounting the cooling system 12, the processing unit 30 is already present in the vehicle 10.
  • the temperature sensor 38 of the finned radiator 26 is electrically connected to the processing unit 30.
  • the processor 44 is suitable for executing modules contained in the memory 46, in particular an operating system allowing the conventional operation of a computer system.
  • the memory 46 comprises different memory areas, storing in particular a detection module 48 capable of managing the detection of fouling of the cooling system 12 as detailed below.
  • the memory 46 also stores for example the thermal resistance curve of the radiator 26.
  • the memory 46 also stores, for example, a mathematical model or a database linking a local flow rate of the air flow circulating in the fins 34 to the predetermined electrical power supply supplied by the power supply device 28 and to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 38.
  • the mathematical model is for example an empirical model determined upstream of the installation of the cooling system 12.
  • the memory 46 also stores a theoretical local flow rate that is not clogged, the value of which is representative of the nominal local flow rate circulating in the fins 34, when the cooling system 12 is not clogged.
  • the detection module 48 is produced in the form of software stored in the memory 46 and capable of being executed by the processor 44.
  • the detection module 48 is made at least partially in the form of a programmable logic component, or even in the form of a dedicated integrated circuit, included in the detection system 20.
  • the detection module 48 is configured to control the power supply to the heating member 36 with the predetermined electrical power supply provided by the electrical power supply device 28.
  • This control is implemented when the production device 18 produces a flow of air in the pipe 16, and preferably so that the heating temperature is higher than the predetermined ventilation temperature.
  • the detection module 48 is configured to determine a local flow rate of the air flow circulating in the fins 34 as a function of the predetermined electrical power supply supplied by the power supply device 28 and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 38.
  • the detection module 48 is configured to acquire the predetermined electrical power supply and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 38 and to use said mathematical model or the database stored in the memory 46.
  • the detection module 48 is then configured to detect the fouling by comparing the local flow determined with the theoretical non-clogged local flow stored in the memory 46.
  • Fouling is detected if the determined local flow rate is lower by a predetermined threshold with respect to the theoretical non-clogged local flow rate.
  • the detection module 48 is then preferably configured to emit an alert signal intended for an operator, when fouling is detected.
  • the operator is then able to intervene to carry out a maintenance operation in order to reduce or eliminate the fouling.
  • the detection module 48 is configured to implement the detection of fouling when the equipment 14 is in its stop configuration, and, if the equipment 14 is not the vehicle's traction system, when the traction system is off.
  • the detection module 48 is configured to implement the detection of fouling repeatedly at predetermined time intervals, each detection being implemented when the equipment 14 is in the shutdown configuration.
  • the method includes providing the cooling system 12 and advantageously the vehicle 10 comprising the cooling system 12.
  • the method then includes controlling the fouling of the cooling system 12.
  • This control step is for example implemented by the detection module 48 described above.
  • the fouling control step comprises the production of an air flow in the pipe 16, by the production device 18.
  • the heating member 36 is then supplied with the predetermined electrical power supply and the base 32 is heated by the heating member 36 to the predetermined heating temperature.
  • the clogging control step includes measuring the temperature of the base 32 by the temperature sensor 38.
  • the fouling control step then comprises the detection of fouling of the cooling system 12, as a function of a comparison between the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 38 and the predetermined heating temperature of the heating member 36, as described in more detail above.
  • the clogging control step is implemented when the equipment 14 is in the shutdown configuration.
  • control step is also preferably implemented when the equipment 14 is in its stop configuration, and, if the equipment 14 is not the traction system of the vehicle, when the system traction is stationary.
  • the fouling control step is repeated at predetermined time intervals, each fouling control step being implemented when the equipment 14 is in the shutdown configuration.
  • the cooling system 12 is not clogged before the operation of the equipment 14, and before the traction system operates and the vehicle 10 starts moving.
  • the detection system 20 of the invention is also suitable for prolonged use in a vehicle 10. Indeed, the system is not sensitive to potentially humid and polluted environments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Kühlsystem (12), umfassend eine Rohrleitung (16), eine Erzeugungsvorrichtung (18) eines Luftstroms in der Rohrleitung (16) und ein Erfassungssystem (20) einer Verschmutzung des Kühlsystems (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erfassungssystem (20) Folgendes umfasst:
    - einen Lamellenkühler (26), wobei der Kühler (26) umfassend eine Basis (32), eine Vielzahl von Rippen (34), ein Heizelement (36) und einen Temperatursensor (38) umfasst, wobei sich die Rippen (34) von der Basis (32) aus erstrecken und im Innern der Rohrleitung (16) angeordnet sind, wobei das Heizelement (36) geeignet ist, um die Basis (32) auf eine vorbestimmte Heiztemperatur abhängig von einer vorbestimmten elektrischen Versorgungsleistung des Heizelements (36) zu erwärmen, wobei der Temperatursensor (38) konfiguriert ist, um eine Temperatur der Basis (32) zu messen;
    - eine Stromversorgungsvorrichtung (28), die konfiguriert ist, um das Heizelement (36) mit der vorbestimmten elektrischen Versorgungsleistung zu versorgen; und
    - eine Verarbeitungseinheit (30), die mit dem Temperatursensor (38) und der Versorgungsvorrichtung (28) verbunden ist, wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (30) konfiguriert ist, um eine Verschmutzung des Kühlsystems (12) abhängig von der vorbestimmten elektrischen Versorgungsleistung, die von der Versorgungsvorrichtung zugeführt wird, und der Temperatur, die von dem Temperatursensor (38) gemessen wird, zu erfassen.
  2. Kühlsystem (12) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Heizelement (36) und der Temperatursensor (38) außerhalb der Rohrleitung (16) angeordnet sind.
  3. Kühlsystem (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei der von der Erzeugungsvorrichtung (18) erzeugte Luftstrom geeignet ist, um einen lokalen Nenndurchsatz aufzuweisen, der in den Rippen (34) des Kühlers (26) zirkuliert, wenn das Kühlsystem (12) nicht verschmutzt ist,
    wobei der Heizkörper (26) einen thermischen Widerstand gegen die Abfuhr der Wärme von dem Heizelement durch die Rippen (34) aufweist, wobei der thermische Widerstand von einem lokalen Durchsatz des Luftstroms abhängt, der in den Rippen (34) gemäß einer monoton abnehmenden Kurve zirkuliert, wobei die Kurve einen ersten Bereich aufweist, in dem ein absoluter Wert einer Ableitung der Kurve über einem vorbestimmten Schwellenwert liegt, und einen zweiten Bereich, in dem ein absoluter Wert einer Ableitung der Kurve unter dem vorbestimmten Schwellenwert liegt, wobei die Kurve derart ist, dass der lokale Nenndurchfluss in dem ersten Bereich liegt.
  4. Kühlsystem (12) nach Anspruch 3, wobei der vorbestimmte Schwellenwert gewählt ist, sodass in der ersten Region ein Rückgang des lokalen Nenndurchflusses um 5 % einen Rückgang des Wärmewiderstands des Kühlers (26) um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise um mindestens 10 %, bedeutet.
  5. Kühlsystem (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (30) konfiguriert ist, um ein Warnsignal an einen Bediener auszugeben, wenn eine Verschmutzung erfasst wird.
  6. Kühlsystem (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (30) konfiguriert ist, um einen lokalen Nenndurchfluss des in den Lamellen (34) zirkulierenden Luftstroms abhängig von der vorbestimmten elektrischen Versorgungsleistung, die von der Versorgungsvorrichtung zugeführt wird, und der von dem Temperatursensor (38) gemessenen Temperatur zu bestimmen, wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (30) konfiguriert ist, um eine Verschmutzung durch Vergleichen des bestimmten lokalen Nenndurchflusses mit einem theoretischen, nicht verschmutzten lokalen Nenndurchfluss zu erfassen.
  7. Fahrzeug (10), insbesondere Schienenfahrzeug, umfassend ein Kühlsystem (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.
  8. Fahrzeug (10) nach Anspruch 7, umfassend mindestens eine elektrische oder thermische Ausrüstung (14), wobei das Kühlsystem (12) geeignet ist, um die Ausrüstung (14) zu kühlen, oder einen Teil der Ausrüstung (14) zu bilden, wobei die Ausrüstung (14) beispielsweise ein elektrischer Umrichter, ein Luft/Wasser-Wärmetustauscher, eine Klimaanlage oder ein Antriebssystem ist.
  9. Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Verschmutzung eines Kühlsystems (12), umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Bereitstellen mindestens eines Kühlsystems (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6;
    - Überwachen der Verschmutzung des Kühlsystems (12), der Schritt eines Überwachens auf Verschmutzung umfassend die folgenden Teilschritte:
    - Erzeugen eines Luftstroms in der Rohrleitung (16);
    - Versorgen des Heizelements (36) mit der vorbestimmten elektrischen Versorgungsleistung und Erwärmen der Basis (32) durch das Heizelement (36) auf die vorbestimmte Heiztemperatur;
    - Messen der Temperatur der Basis (32) durch den Temperatursensor (38);
    - Erfassen einer Verschmutzung des Kühlsystems (12), basierend auf einem Vergleich zwischen der von dem Temperatursensor (38) gemessenen Temperatur und der vorbestimmten Heiztemperatur des Heizelements (36).
  10. Erfassungsverfahren nach Anspruch 9, umfassend einen Schritt eines Bereitstellens eines Fahrzeugs (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Schritt eines Bereitstellens des Fahrzeugs (10) den Schritt eines Bereitstellens des Kühlsystems (12) umfasst,
    wobei die Ausrüstung (14) eine Betriebskonfiguration, in der sie geeignet ist, um eine vorbestimmte Funktion zu implementieren, und eine Stoppkonfiguration, in der die vorbestimmte Funktion nicht von der Ausrüstung (14) implementiert wird, aufweist,
    wobei der Schritt eines Überwachens der Verschmutzung durchgeführt wird, wenn die Ausrüstung (14) in der Stoppkonfiguration ist.
EP21155391.2A 2020-02-07 2021-02-05 Kühlsystem und zugehöriges verfahren zum nachweis von verschmutzung Active EP3862244B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2001207A FR3107028B1 (fr) 2020-02-07 2020-02-07 Système de refroidissement et procédé de détection d’encrassement associé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3862244A1 EP3862244A1 (de) 2021-08-11
EP3862244B1 true EP3862244B1 (de) 2022-07-20

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EP (1) EP3862244B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3107028B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3305800B2 (ja) * 1993-03-24 2002-07-24 本田技研工業株式会社 車両用空調装置
JPH10314527A (ja) * 1997-05-21 1998-12-02 Calsonic Corp エアフィルタの目詰まり検出装置
FR2769265B1 (fr) * 1997-10-07 1999-12-24 Chausson Service Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'un filtre a air dans une installation de chauffage et/ou climatisation de l'habitacle d'un vehicule automobile
US10996007B2 (en) * 2016-06-10 2021-05-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Vehicle air-conditioning apparatus and clogging detection system for vehicle air-conditioning apparatus
FR3063250A1 (fr) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-31 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Appareil de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation pour vehicule automobile comportant au moins un canal de circulation d'un flux d'air

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FR3107028B1 (fr) 2022-02-18
EP3862244A1 (de) 2021-08-11
FR3107028A1 (fr) 2021-08-13

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