EP3856993B1 - Cable network facade comprising cables made of fiber-reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Cable network facade comprising cables made of fiber-reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3856993B1 EP3856993B1 EP19795521.4A EP19795521A EP3856993B1 EP 3856993 B1 EP3856993 B1 EP 3856993B1 EP 19795521 A EP19795521 A EP 19795521A EP 3856993 B1 EP3856993 B1 EP 3856993B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cables
- façade
- elements
- cable net
- cable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicone Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/88—Curtain walls
- E04B2/885—Curtain walls comprising a supporting structure for flush mounted glazing panels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/88—Curtain walls
Definitions
- Cable net facades consist of two groups of cables that form a network of cables.
- the ropes of the first group or family of ropes are referred to as "first ropes" in connection with the invention. They are usually oriented vertically, while the second cords are horizontal, creating a grid or grid of rectangular panels. The crossing point of a first and a second rope is called a node.
- facade elements mostly made of glass, are attached to the cable network.
- the façade elements are connected to the cable network in the area of the Junction points, since in this way the connection between the facade elements to the vertically running first cables and the horizontally running second cables can be achieved with one component. This also stabilizes the cable network.
- the cable network forms a first level and the facade elements form a second level. Both planes run parallel to each other - typically at a distance of about 5 to 10 cm.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a cable net facade that satisfies the highest aesthetic demands, satisfies all building permit requirements and is also easy to maintain and clean.
- a cable network facade for a building comprising the features of claim 1, namely at least one set of first cables and facade elements, the first cables consisting of one or more slats of a fiber composite material, the set of first cables being prestressed, and wherein the facade elements are arranged in the plane spanned by the cable network.
- the group of first cables which usually run in a vertical direction, are arranged and prestressed in the joints of two adjacent panes or other facade elements.
- the facade elements are each connected in the area of their (side) edges with a first cable. This can be done, for example, by gluing with silicone.
- the pre-tension and tensile strength of the first cables is chosen so that wind loads or other loads that would cause the panes to deflect are carried by the cables and transferred into the surrounding structure. As a result, the deflection of the panes is reduced to such an extent that the panes connected to the first cables according to the invention do not break even under wind loads.
- a cable network facade for a building comprising the features of claim 2, namely at least one cable network of first cables and second Cables, facade elements and node elements for introducing the loads of the facade elements into the cable network, with the first cables and the second cables of the cable network crossing at node points, with the first cables and/or the second cables consisting of one or more slats or fiber bundles of a fiber composite material , and the facade elements are arranged in the plane spanned by the cable network.
- the first ropes are usually more heavily loaded than the second ropes because of the gravitational force acting on the facade elements. This can be compensated for by different load capacities of the ropes.
- the first ropes can be designed as a single strand or as two parallel strands spaced apart from one another. If the first cables consist of two strands, then the second cables run between the spaced-apart strands of the first cables.
- a certain redundancy is created by dividing the first or second ropes into two or more strands.
- At least one set of cables must be pretensioned in a defined manner.
- the first and second cables run in the spaces or joints between the facade elements and node elements are arranged for connecting the facade elements to the cables.
- an intermediate layer that is effective in terms of building physics, such as thermal insulation, can also be arranged there.
- the first ropes can be divided into two strands.
- the second ropes run between these two strands. This results in a symmetrical structure of the cable network with the result that all strands or cables are loaded evenly.
- a further advantage of the arrangement according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the facade elements are accessible from both sides without restrictions.
- the cables of the cable network in the joints of the facade elements are protected as well as possible against mechanical damage and attacks by corrosive media.
- rope net facade according to the invention is very simple, it can be easily installed; if necessary, individual facade elements can also be replaced.
- the node elements have a receiving surface, a recess being provided in the receiving surface for both strands of the first ropes and a preferably resilient tab being arranged on one or two edges of the recess.
- the spring-loaded tab allows a predetermined contact pressure to be guaranteed for the adhesive bond and thus ensures high-quality production with easy handling.
- the receiving surface When the junction element is installed, the receiving surface is aligned horizontally so that it provides the "support surface” for two facade elements arranged horizontally next to one another.
- the two strands of the first cables run between the two horizontally arranged facade elements. So that the strands of the first ropes cannot be damaged or scratched by the recess in the area of the base plate, resilient tabs are formed on both sides of the recess, which effectively prevent the strands from kinking in the area of the base plate.
- the resilient tabs extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first cables and project beyond the receiving surface, preferably on both sides.
- the spring-loaded straps can be selected in different lengths. This limits the torsion of the node element during assembly when the load is on one side.
- a tab or a projection rounded with a large radius is formed on the underside of the base plate in a further preferred embodiment of the invention. This projection rests on the horizontally running second ropes, so that the horizontally running second ropes are not kinked or mechanically overloaded in any other way at this point either.
- the width of the receiving surface of the node element is less than or equal to the thickness of the facade elements. Then namely the node element according to the invention disappears just like the first and second ropes in the joint between the facade elements and is thus almost invisible.
- the node elements according to the invention are preferably made of an elastic plastic. When Manufacturing processes such as injection molding or 3D printing are suitable.
- the first and the second cables run in gaps between the facade elements.
- These joints are preferably grouted with a permanently elastic sealing compound, such as silicone, so that the cable network facade according to the invention tightly seals off an exterior space from an interior space.
- the ropes are enclosed in the silicone joint and thus protected from damage.
- the grouting of the facade elements causes the first and second cables running in the joints and the facade elements to be connected to one another linearly and not just at points, which results in a more even load transfer from loads acting orthogonally to the facade elements in the cables.
- the cables In order to be able to connect the first and second cables to a building, the cables have means for fastening. These means for attaching first and second cables are attached to a separate frame, wall and/or ceiling of a structure.
- the attachments are prepared with the possibility of adjusting the length and pretensioning of the cables and for easy handling during installation.
- they can have a sleeve with an internal thread and a threaded ring with an external thread.
- This threaded ring can be screwed into the internal thread of the sleeve.
- the threaded ring forms a support surface for end pieces on the ropes.
- the height of the contact surface is adjusted so that the ropes resting on the ring nut with their end pieces have the desired pretension.
- the first and second cables each have an end piece at their ends.
- the end pieces can have a through hole with an inner cone and at least one clamping piece for clamping the ends of the lamellae in the inner cone.
- the connections between an end piece, usually made of metal, and a cable or strand of the glass facade according to the invention can be made using an inner cone and clamping pieces.
- other end pieces known from the prior art can also be used with the ropes according to the invention.
- the end pieces have an internal thread for pretensioning the cables.
- the loosely pre-assembled ropes are then tightened by a tensioning screw that is screwed into the internal thread of the end piece is screwed in, brought to the desired preload.
- the threaded ring is screwed into the sleeve until it rests against the underside of the end piece.
- the clamping screw is then unscrewed. The force exerted by the pre-tensioned cables is thus transmitted to the sleeve via the end piece and the threaded ring.
- the façade elements are usually made of glass, for example as insulating glazing with two, three or four panes of glass, as toughened safety glass or as laminated safety glass.
- other facade elements can also be integrated into the cable network facade according to the invention.
- composite panes made of glass and plastic (bulletproof, transparent facade elements) or photovoltaic modules or also translucent facade elements or opaque facade elements made of metal or other materials can be integrated into the cable network according to the invention.
- the cable network facade includes a frame 101, which is designed as an irregular square in this embodiment.
- First ropes 103 which run essentially vertically
- second ropes 105 which run essentially horizontally, are clamped in the frame 101.
- the first cables 103 and the second cables 105 form the cable network.
- the cables 103, 105 are connected to the frame 101 by means of tensioning devices 141 and are generally pretensioned.
- first cables 103 are aligned exactly vertically.
- the first ropes 103 are arranged in a line family manner so that they do not have the same orientation.
- the first ropes 103 essentially carry the weight loads.
- the second cables 105 contribute to absorbing wind loads or other loads acting orthogonally on the glass facade. Therefore, the loads of the first cables 103 are usually higher than the loads of the second cables. This can be achieved, for example, in that the first ropes 103 are thicker than the second ropes 105.
- Another possibility is to divide the first ropes 103 into two strands 103.1, 103.2. This second variant is somewhat more complex than the first variant and is therefore explained below using the figures 2 ff shown and explained.
- the first variant in which the first cables 103 consist of one strand, results from the second variant by mentally “omitting” one of the two strands. Because the two variants are very similar, it is not necessary to explain the simpler first variant in detail; in the figure 12 an embodiment of a node element for the first variant is shown.
- the figure 2 shows an isometric view of a partially cut node 107.
- the first cable 103 consists of two strands 103.1 and 103.2.
- Each of these strands 103.1 and 103.2 includes at least one lamella made of a fiber composite, preferably made of carbon fibers.
- the strands 103.1 and 103.2 are arranged at a distance from one another.
- the gap between the two strands 103.1 and 103.2 is dimensioned such that a second cable 105 can be passed between them, which is also preferably produced as a lamella from a fiber composite material.
- a node element 2 according to the invention is used.
- the node element 2 is below in connection with the figure 8 explained in more detail.
- the node element 2 comprises a receiving surface 109 which is aligned parallel to the second cable 105 or runs parallel thereto. To explain the details of the node element 2, on the figure 8 referred.
- the receiving surface 109 includes two recesses (no reference numerals). The two strands 103.1 and 103.2 run through these recesses.
- tabs 3 are formed on the receiving surface 109.
- the tabs 3 are arranged so that they run parallel to two edges of the recess.
- the tabs 3 are preferably designed to be elastic and resilient. In particular, their cross-section decreases with increasing distance from the receiving surface. This ensures that where the strands 103.1 and 103.2 are guided through the receiving surface 109 of the node element 2, it is not possible for the former to buckle.
- the tabs 3 are formed symmetrically to the receiving surface 109 in the illustrated embodiment; they extend beyond the receiving surface 109 in both directions.
- two tabs 4 are formed on the underside of the node element 2 .
- the straps 4 are spaced apart from one another in such a way that a horizontally running first cable 105 (see figure 2 ) between Tabs 4 can be passed.
- the tabs 3, 4 ensure that the first and second ropes 103, 105 cannot be “hurt” or damaged by the node element 2.
- the node elements 2 are used to connect the facade elements with the ropes without damaging the ropes.
- Two further facade elements 111 can be placed on the receiving surface 109 of the node element 2 on the right and left of the strand of the first cables. As a result, weight forces can be introduced into the node element 2 from the facade elements 111 .
- the facade elements 111 located above the second cable 105 only the rear pane is shown.
- the facade elements are usually designed as laminated glass or insulating glass with at least one front pane and one rear pane and a frame.
- the two facade elements 111 below the second cable 105 show both panes of the laminated glass.
- the front panes, not shown, of a laminated glass upper facade element 111 are just like the ones in the upper part of the figure 2 rear discs shown on the receiving surface 109 of the node element 2 parked.
- the Figure 4a ) and b) shows sections along the line BB from FIG figure 3 .
- the second cable 105 and the facade element 111 designed as laminated glass can be clearly seen in both sections.
- the facade element 111 consists of two panes of glass 5 which have been joined together by an edge bond 6 in a manner known per se to form a laminated glass or an insulating glazing.
- a strip-shaped element 201 is arranged between the second cable 105 and two glass panes 5 of adjacent facade elements 11 .
- the strip-shaped element 201 can be used to improve thermal insulation. However, it can also only serve optical/design purposes.
- the two glass panes 5 of a facade element 111 have the same dimensions.
- the figure 5 shows an example in which the outer panes of glass (on the left in the figure 5 ) protrude slightly beyond the edge seal 6, so that the gap between the adjacent glass panes 5 is minimized. This reduces the visible joint.
- the space between the facade elements 111 is filled with a permanently elastic material such as silicone.
- a permanently elastic material such as silicone.
- This connection is strong enough to permanently connect the facade elements 111 to the cable network, consisting of the first cables 103 and the second cables 105.
- this connection is also sufficiently elastic to be able to compensate for deformations, for example due to wind loads or temperature-induced changes in length, and thus to even out the load transfer to the ropes.
- the first ropes can consist of two strands 103.1 and 103.2.
- a distance between the strands 103.1 and 103.2 is dimensioned such that a first cable 105 (not shown in the figure 6 ) can be passed between the strands mentioned.
- This cable network is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry which runs parallel to the outer surface of the facade formed by the panes 5 .
- the strands 103.1 and 103.2 are dimensioned and arranged at a distance from one another in such a way that they disappear in the joint between the facade elements 111 and do not protrude beyond the outer sides of the facade elements 111.
- the strands 103.2 and 103.1 are also surrounded on all sides by silicone or another permanently elastic woven material that fills the gap between the facade elements 111.
- the figure 7 shows a view from below of a node 107. It is clear from this view from below that the first cable 105 runs under the node element 2. It is also clear that the two straps 4 positively secure the node element 2 on the first or cable 105 against slipping. It is therefore not possible for the node elements 2 to slip off the second cable 105 even when subjected to the greatest wind loads or other forces.
- the cable network consisting of the first cables 103 and the second cables 105, must be prestressed before the glass or facade elements 111 are used. At least one group of cables 103, 105 must be prestressed in a defined manner.
- Embodiments of such a bias are based on the Figures 9a , 9b and 10 shown.
- the two strands 103.1 and 103.2 end in an end piece 12, which has an inner bore with an inner cone 115 and an outer thread 121 ( Figure 9a ) or an internal thread 117 ( Figure 9b ) having.
- the strands 103.1 and 103.2 are anchored in the end piece 12.
- a gradient anchoring in a conical sleeve 115 is used for this purpose, for example, in order to anchor the ends of the strands 103.1 and 103.2 in the inner cone 115 in a form-fitting and material-locking manner using a casting compound.
- all types of attachment or connection between the strands 103.1 and 103.2 and the end piece 12 according to the prior art can be used in the invention.
- the frame 101 is in the in Figure 9a and 9b illustrated embodiments formed as a rectangular tube.
- a sleeve 10 is welded into the rectangular tube of the frame 101 .
- the end piece 12 of the cable 103, 105 is inserted from below.
- the end piece 12 has a continuous external thread 121.
- a threaded bolt (not shown) is screwed in from above as an assembly aid.
- the cable can be stretched to the desired pre-tension using a hydraulic hollow-piston press or another tensioning device.
- an internally threaded sleeve (123 in Figure 9a ) screwed in from the tightening side until the collar 127 comes to rest on the welded-in sleeve 10, or alternatively - depending on accessibility - an adjusting ring 13 previously pushed over the end piece 12 from the cable side (in the figures from "below") against the Tail 12 rotated.
- the adjusting ring 13 has a central stepped passage opening through which the end or head piece 12 of a first cable 103 or a second cable 105 can be passed.
- Divided load transfer plates 13a are arranged between the end piece 12 and the adjusting ring 13 . They are inserted into the adjusting ring 12 before it is screwed into the sleeve 10 and reduce the through-opening of the adjusting ring 13 to such an extent that the end piece 12 rests on the wedge plates 13a. As soon as the desired prestress has been reached and the adjusting ring 13 has been rotated against the lower end of the end piece 12, the adjusting ring 13 takes over the transmission of the prestressing force and the clamping device, not shown, can be removed.
- the cable 103 can, for example, be clamped in the inner cone 115 of the end piece 12 by means of two semicircular wedge plates (without reference numbers).
- a similar design is known from engine technology: there, the spring plates are attached to the shaft of a gas exchange valve with the help of two-part wedge plates.
- FIG. 9b another variant is shown.
- a clamping screw 129 (not shown) is used, which is screwed into an internal thread 117 at the upper end of the end piece 12.
- the clamping screw 129 is guided through a hollow piston press (not shown) and relieved at the top.
- a hollow piston press By pressing the hollow piston press thus moves the end piece 12 in the Figure 9b up.
- This tensioning process is continued until the first cable 103 has the prescribed pretension.
- the adjusting ring 13 is screwed into the internal thread of the sleeve 10 until it has come into contact with the end piece 13 .
- an elastic damping element similar to an O-ring, may be provided at the through-opening of the threaded ring.
- a screen or screen strips 14 can be arranged below the frame 101 .
- Seals 15 are provided in the fascia strips 14, which ensure that the facade elements are guided in the frame 101 in a non-constraining but load-bearing and weather-tight manner. It goes without saying that such an end piece 12 can also be designed in a comparable manner for a second cable 105 with only one strand or other cable structure.
- the figure 10 shows a section along line AA from FIG Figure 9b .
- FIG. 11 An anchoring in the sleeve 10 in a solid construction is shown in the drawing.
- the load transfer from the sleeve 17 to the solid construction takes place, for example, via head bolts that are lying.
- the interior of the sleeve is the same as in the embodiment according to FIG figures 9 and 10 .
- FIG 12 an exemplary embodiment of a node element 2 is shown in which the receiving surface 109 comprises only one recess (without reference number) through which a first cable 103 runs.
- tabs 3 are formed on the receiving surface 109 .
- the tabs 3 are arranged so that they run parallel to two edges of the recess.
- the tabs 3 are preferably designed to be elastic and resilient. In particular, their cross-section decreases with increasing distance from the receiving surface. This ensures that where the strands 103.1 and 103.2 are guided through the receiving surface 109 of the node element 2, it is not possible for the former to buckle.
- the tabs 3 are with the illustrated embodiment formed symmetrically to the receiving surface 109; they extend beyond the receiving surface 109 in both directions.
- two tabs 4 are formed on the underside of the node element 2 .
- the straps 4 are spaced apart from one another in such a way that a horizontally running first cable 105 (see figure 2 ) between the tabs 4 can be passed.
- the tabs 3, 4 ensure that the first and second ropes 103, 105 cannot be “hurt” or damaged by the node element 2.
- FIG 13 Another embodiment of a cable net facade according to the invention is shown cut away in a highly simplified manner. From the frame 101 only two horizontal trusses are shown. A set of first cables 103 is fastened between the traverses. The first ropes 103 are pretensioned. In this embodiment, the cable network consists only of first cables 103.
- the facade elements 111 extend in the vertical direction from the lower to the upper traverse of the frame 101. Therefore, second ropes 105 are unnecessary.
- the weight of the pane is transferred from the lower edge of the pane or the facade element 111 to the lower traverse of the frame 101 .
- spacers (not shown) between the pane and the frame; these are not shown.
- the prestressed first cables 103 effectively prevent or reduce the sagging of the panes due to wind loads or other loads acting orthogonally on the glass facade. This makes it possible to hold extremely large panes securely and to design a visually very restrained and aesthetically pleasing facade.
- the dimensions of the discs can be selected according to the maximum dimensions that can be produced. At the moment, these are usually up to 18 m in length and up to 3 m in width. An area of more than 50 m 2 can be covered with one pane.
Description
Seilnetzfassaden bestehen aus zwei Gruppen von Seilen, die ein Netz aus Seilen bilden. Die Seile der ersten Gruppe oder ersten Schar von Seilen werden im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung als "erste Seile" bezeichnet. Sie sind in der Regel vertikal ausgerichtet sind, während die zweiten Seile horizontal verlaufen und es entsteht ein Netz oder Raster mit rechteckigen Feldern. Der Kreuzungspunkt von einem ersten und einem zweiten Seile wird als Knotenpunkt bezeichnet. Entsprechend der Größe der Felder werden Fassadenelemente, zumeist aus Glas, an dem Seilnetz befestigt. In der Regel erfolgt die Anbindung der Fassadenelemente an das Seilnetz im Bereich der Knotenpunkte, da auf diese Weise die Verbindung zwischen den Fassadenelementen zu den senkrecht verlaufenden ersten Seilen und den waagerecht verlaufenden zweiten Seilen mit einem Bauelement erreicht werden kann. Außerdem wird dadurch das Seilnetzwerk stabilisiert.Cable net facades consist of two groups of cables that form a network of cables. The ropes of the first group or family of ropes are referred to as "first ropes" in connection with the invention. They are usually oriented vertically, while the second cords are horizontal, creating a grid or grid of rectangular panels. The crossing point of a first and a second rope is called a node. Depending on the size of the fields, facade elements, mostly made of glass, are attached to the cable network. As a rule, the façade elements are connected to the cable network in the area of the Junction points, since in this way the connection between the facade elements to the vertically running first cables and the horizontally running second cables can be achieved with one component. This also stabilizes the cable network.
Bei bekannten Seilnetzfassaden bildet das Seilnetz eine erste Ebene und die Fassadenelemente bilden eine zweite Ebene. Beide Ebenen verlaufen - typischerweise in einem Abstand von etwa 5 bis 10 cm - parallel zueinander.In known cable network facades, the cable network forms a first level and the facade elements form a second level. Both planes run parallel to each other - typically at a distance of about 5 to 10 cm.
Dieser Abstand ist aus ästhetischen Gründen, praktischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen unerwünscht: Eine solche Seilnetzfassade benötigt relativ viel Bauraum und verringert dementsprechend die nutzbare Gebäudefläche. Außerdem bietet das Seilnetzwerk Angriffsflächen für Schmutz und Besiedelung durch Spinnen etc. und muss daher regelmäßig gereinigt werden, was einen erheblichen Aufwand verursacht. Das Seilnetz erschwert die Zugänglichkeit der Fassadenelemente von einer Seite, was deren Reinigung erschwert.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Seilnetzfassade bereitzustellen, die höchsten ästhetischen Ansprüchen genügt, allen bauzulassungsrechtlichen Erfordernissen genügt und darüber hinaus einfach zu pflegen und zu reinigen ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a cable net facade that satisfies the highest aesthetic demands, satisfies all building permit requirements and is also easy to maintain and clean.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Seilnetzfassade für ein Gebäude umfassend die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1, nämlich mindestens eine Schar von ersten Seilen und Fassadenelemente, wobei die ersten Seile aus einem oder mehreren Lamellen eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs bestehen, wobei die Schar von ersten Seilen vorgespannt ist, und wobei die Fassadenelemente in der durch das Seilnetzwerk aufgespannten Ebene angeordnet sind.This object is achieved according to the invention by a cable network facade for a building comprising the features of
Die Schar von ersten Seilen, die in der Regel in vertikaler Richtung verlaufen, werden in den Fugen zweier benachbarter Scheiben oder anderer Fassadenelemente angeordnet und vorgespannt. Die Fassadenelemente werden im Bereich ihrer (Seiten-)Kanten mit jeweils einem ersten Seil verbunden. Das kann beispielweise durch Verkleben mit Silikon erfolgen.The group of first cables, which usually run in a vertical direction, are arranged and prestressed in the joints of two adjacent panes or other facade elements. The facade elements are each connected in the area of their (side) edges with a first cable. This can be done, for example, by gluing with silicone.
Die Vorspannung und die Zugfestigkeit der ersten Seile wird so gewählt, dass Windlasten oder andere Lasten, die dazu führen würden, dass sich die Scheiben durchbiegen, von den Seilen aufgenommen und in das umgebende Tragwerk abgetragen werden. Dadurch wird die Durchbiegung der Scheiben so stark reduziert, dass die erfindungsgemäß mit ersten Seilen verbundenen Scheiben auch bei Windlasten nicht zu Bruch gehen.The pre-tension and tensile strength of the first cables is chosen so that wind loads or other loads that would cause the panes to deflect are carried by the cables and transferred into the surrounding structure. As a result, the deflection of the panes is reduced to such an extent that the panes connected to the first cables according to the invention do not break even under wind loads.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß auch gelöst - insbesondere wenn die Höhe der Fassade die gewählte Scheibenhöhe übersteigt - durch eine Seilnetzfassade für ein Gebäude umfassend die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2, nämlich mindestens ein Seilnetz aus ersten Seilen und zweiten Seilen, Fassadenelementen und Knotenelementen zur Einleitung der Lasten der Fassadenelemente in das Seilnetz, wobei sich die ersten Seile und die zweiten Seile des Seilnetzes in Knotenpunkten kreuzen, wobei die ersten Seile und/oder die zweiten Seile aus einem oder mehreren Lamellen oder Faserbündeln eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs bestehen, und wobei die Fassadenelemente in der durch das Seilnetzwerk aufgespannten Ebene angeordnet sind.This object is also achieved according to the invention - especially when the height of the facade exceeds the selected pane height - by a cable network facade for a building comprising the features of
Die ersten Seile sind wegen der auf die Fassadenelemente wirkenden Schwerkraft in der Regel höher belastet als die zweiten Seile. Das kann durch unterschiedliche Traglasten der Seile kompensiert werden.The first ropes are usually more heavily loaded than the second ropes because of the gravitational force acting on the facade elements. This can be compensated for by different load capacities of the ropes.
Die ersten Seile (aber auch die zweiten Seile) können als einzelner Strang oder auch als zwei parallele und zueinander beabstandete Stränge ausgeführt sein. Wenn die ersten Seile aus zwei Strängen bestehen, dann verlaufen die zweiten Seile zwischen den beabstandet zueinander verlaufenden Strängen der ersten Seile.The first ropes (but also the second ropes) can be designed as a single strand or as two parallel strands spaced apart from one another. If the first cables consist of two strands, then the second cables run between the spaced-apart strands of the first cables.
Durch die Aufteilung der ersten oder zweiten Seile in zwei oder mehr Stränge entsteht eine gewisse Redundanz. Außerdem entstehen wegen des symmetrischen Aufbaus des Seilnetzwerks keine Biegemomente in den Knoten.A certain redundancy is created by dividing the first or second ropes into two or more strands. In addition, due to the symmetrical structure of the cable network, there are no bending moments in the nodes.
Auf Grund äußerer Gegebenheiten oder Randbedingungen, kann ein Lastabtrag in nur einer Seilrichtung erforderlich oder gewünscht sein. Dies kann durch unterschiedliche Vorspannung der Seilscharen individuell gesteuert werden.Due to external circumstances or boundary conditions, a load transfer in only one rope direction may be necessary or desired. This can be individually controlled by different pre-tensioning of the cable sets.
Zumindest eine Seilschar muss jedoch definiert vorgespannt werden.However, at least one set of cables must be pretensioned in a defined manner.
Außerdem ist es möglich, die Fassadenelemente gewissermaßen in durch das Netzwerk gebildete Rechtecke hineinzustellen, so dass auch die Fassadenelemente in der Ebene des Seilnetzes angeordnet sind. Dadurch entfallen auch die Belastungen aus exzentrischer Lasteinleitung, die sich aus einer vorgehängten Glasfassade nach dem Stand der Technik zwangsweise ergeben.In addition, it is possible to position the facade elements in a manner of speaking in rectangles formed by the network, so that the facade elements are also arranged in the plane of the cable network. This also eliminates the stresses from eccentric load application, which inevitably result from a curtain-type glass facade according to the prior art.
Anders ausgedrückt: in den Zwischenräumen oder Fugen zwischen den Fassadenelementen verlaufen die ersten und zweiten Seile und es sind Knotenelemente zur Verbindung der Fassadenelemente mit den Seilen angeordnet. Optional kann dort auch eine bauphysikalisch wirksame Zwischenlage wie beispielsweise eine Wärmedämmung angeordnet sein.In other words: the first and second cables run in the spaces or joints between the facade elements and node elements are arranged for connecting the facade elements to the cables. Optionally, an intermediate layer that is effective in terms of building physics, such as thermal insulation, can also be arranged there.
Erfindungsgemäß können die ersten Seile in zwei Stränge aufgeteilt werden. Zwischen diesen beiden Strängen verlaufen die zweiten Seile. Dadurch wird ein symmetrischer Aufbau des Seilnetzwerks bewirkt mit der Folge, dass alle Stränge bzw. Seile gleichmäßig belastet werden.According to the invention, the first ropes can be divided into two strands. The second ropes run between these two strands. This results in a symmetrical structure of the cable network with the result that all strands or cables are loaded evenly.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist darin zu sehen, dass die Fassadenelemente von beiden Seiten her ohne Einschränkungen zugänglich sind. Außerdem sind die Seile des Seilnetzwerkes in den Fugen der Fassadenelemente vor mechanischen Beschädigungen und Angriffen durch korrosive Medien und bestmöglich geschützt.A further advantage of the arrangement according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the facade elements are accessible from both sides without restrictions. In addition, the cables of the cable network in the joints of the facade elements are protected as well as possible against mechanical damage and attacks by corrosive media.
Schließlich ist die erfindungsgemäße Seilnetzfassade sehr einfach aufgebaut, sie lässt sich leicht montieren; bei Bedarf können auch einzelne Fassadenelemente ausgetauscht werden.Finally, the rope net facade according to the invention is very simple, it can be easily installed; if necessary, individual facade elements can also be replaced.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Knotenelemente eine Aufnahmefläche auf, wobei in der Aufnahmefläche je eine Ausnehmung für beide Stränge der ersten Seile vorgesehen ist und wobei an einer oder zwei Kanten der Ausnehmung jeweils eine, bevorzugt federnd, ausgebildete Lasche angeordnet ist. Die federnd ausgebildete Lasche erlaubt die Gewährleistung eines vorher festgelegten Anpressdruckes für die Klebung und gewährleistet damit eine hohe Qualität der Herstellung bei einfacher Handhabung.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the node elements have a receiving surface, a recess being provided in the receiving surface for both strands of the first ropes and a preferably resilient tab being arranged on one or two edges of the recess. The spring-loaded tab allows a predetermined contact pressure to be guaranteed for the adhesive bond and thus ensures high-quality production with easy handling.
Die Aufnahmefläche wird in eingebautem Zustand des Knotenelements horizontal ausgerichtet, so dass sie die "Auflagefläche" für zwei in horizontaler Richtung nebeneinander angeordnete Fassadenelemente bietet. Zwischen den beiden in horizontaler Richtung nebeneinander angeordneten Fassadenelementen laufen die beiden Stränge der ersten Seile hindurch. Damit die Stränge der ersten Seile durch die Ausnehmung im Bereich der Grundplatte nicht verletzt oder angeritzt werden können, sind zu beiden Seiten der Ausnehmung federnde Laschen angeformt, die ein Abknicken der Stränge im Bereich der Grundplatte wirksam verhindern.When the junction element is installed, the receiving surface is aligned horizontally so that it provides the "support surface" for two facade elements arranged horizontally next to one another. The two strands of the first cables run between the two horizontally arranged facade elements. So that the strands of the first ropes cannot be damaged or scratched by the recess in the area of the base plate, resilient tabs are formed on both sides of the recess, which effectively prevent the strands from kinking in the area of the base plate.
Die federnden Laschen erstrecken sich parallel zu einer Längsachse der ersten Seile und ragen, bevorzugt auf beiden Seiten, über die Aufnahmefläche hinaus. Je nach Gewicht der aufzulegenden Fassadenelemente / Scheiben können die federnden Laschen in unterschiedlicher Länge gewählt werden. Hierdurch werden die Verdrehungen des Knotenelements während der Montage bei einseitiger Belastung begrenzt.The resilient tabs extend parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first cables and project beyond the receiving surface, preferably on both sides. Depending on the weight of the facade elements / panes to be attached, the spring-loaded straps can be selected in different lengths. This limits the torsion of the node element during assembly when the load is on one side.
Um ein Abknicken oder eine unzulässig hohe Punktlast zwischen der Grundplatte und den waagerecht verlaufenden zweiten Seilen wirksam zu verhindern, ist in weiterer bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung an der Unterseite der Grundplatte eine Lasche oder ein mit einem großen Radius verrundeter Vorsprung ausgebildet. Dieser Vorsprung liegt auf dem horizontal verlaufenden zweiten Seilen auf, so dass auch an dieser Stelle die horizontal verlaufenden zweiten Seile nicht geknickt oder in anderer Weise mechanisch überbeansprucht werden.In order to effectively prevent buckling or an impermissibly high point load between the base plate and the horizontally running second ropes, a tab or a projection rounded with a large radius is formed on the underside of the base plate in a further preferred embodiment of the invention. This projection rests on the horizontally running second ropes, so that the horizontally running second ropes are not kinked or mechanically overloaded in any other way at this point either.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn eine Breite der Aufnahmefläche des Knotenelements kleiner oder gleich einer Dicke der Fassadenelemente ist. Dann nämlich verschwindet das erfindungsgemäße Knotenelement ebenso wie die ersten und zweiten Seile in der Fuge zwischen den Fassadenelementen und wird somit nahezu unsichtbar.It has proven to be advantageous if the width of the receiving surface of the node element is less than or equal to the thickness of the facade elements. Then namely the node element according to the invention disappears just like the first and second ropes in the joint between the facade elements and is thus almost invisible.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Knotenelemente sind vorzugweise aus einem elastischen Kunststoff gefertigt. Als Herstellungsverfahren sind beispielsweise Spritzgießen oder 3D-Druck geeignet.The node elements according to the invention are preferably made of an elastic plastic. When Manufacturing processes such as injection molding or 3D printing are suitable.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Seilnetzfassade verlaufen die ersten und die zweiten Seile in Fugen zwischen den Fassadenelementen. Diese Fugen werden bevorzugt mit einer dauerelastischen Dichtmasse, wie beispielsweise Silikon, verfugt, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Seilnetzfassade einen Außenraum von einem Innenraum dicht abschließt. Außerdem werden die Seile in der Silikonfuge eingeschlossen und dadurch vor Beschädigungen geschützt.In the cable network facade according to the invention, the first and the second cables run in gaps between the facade elements. These joints are preferably grouted with a permanently elastic sealing compound, such as silicone, so that the cable network facade according to the invention tightly seals off an exterior space from an interior space. In addition, the ropes are enclosed in the silicone joint and thus protected from damage.
Darüber hinaus bewirkt das Verfugen der Fassadenelemente, dass die in den Fugen verlaufenden ersten und zweiten Seile und die Fassadenelemente linienförmig und nicht nur punktförmig miteinander verbunden werden, wodurch ein vergleichmäßigter Lastabtrag von orthogonal zu den Fassadenelementen wirkenden Lasten in die Seile erzielt wird.In addition, the grouting of the facade elements causes the first and second cables running in the joints and the facade elements to be connected to one another linearly and not just at points, which results in a more even load transfer from loads acting orthogonally to the facade elements in the cables.
Um die ersten und zweiten Seile mit einem Bauwerk verbinden zu können, weisen die Seile Mittel zum Befestigen auf. Diese Mittel zum Befestigen von ersten und zweiten Seilen werden an einem gesonderten Rahmen, einer Wand und/oder einer Decke eines Bauwerks befestigt.In order to be able to connect the first and second cables to a building, the cables have means for fastening. These means for attaching first and second cables are attached to a separate frame, wall and/or ceiling of a structure.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung sind die Befestigungen mit einer Möglichkeit zur Einstellung der Länge und Vorspannung der Seile sowie für eine einfache Handhabung beim Einbau vorbereitet.In an advantageous embodiment, the attachments are prepared with the possibility of adjusting the length and pretensioning of the cables and for easy handling during installation.
Sie können dazu eine Hülse mit Innengewinde und einen Gewindering mit Außengewinde aufweisen. Dieser Gewindering kann in das Innengewinde der Hülse eingedreht werden. Der Gewindering bildet eine Auflagefläche für Endstücke an den Seilen.For this purpose, they can have a sleeve with an internal thread and a threaded ring with an external thread. This threaded ring can be screwed into the internal thread of the sleeve. The threaded ring forms a support surface for end pieces on the ropes.
Durch mehr oder weniger tiefes Eindrehen des Gewinderings in die Hülse wird die Lage der Auflagefläche Höhe eingestellt, so dass die mit ihren Endstücken auf dem Gewindering aufliegenden Seile die gewünschte Vorspannung haben.By screwing the ring nut more or less deeply into the sleeve, the height of the contact surface is adjusted so that the ropes resting on the ring nut with their end pieces have the desired pretension.
Um eine bestmögliche Kraftübertragung zwischen den Mitteln zum Befestigen von ersten und zweiten Seilen und den ersten und zweiten Seilen zu gewährleisten, weisen die ersten und zweiten Seile an ihren Enden jeweils ein Endstück auf. Die Endstücke können eine Durchgangsbohrung mit einem Innenkonus und mindestens einem Klemmstück zum Klemmen der Enden der Lamellen in dem Innenkonus aufweisen. Die Verbindungen zwischen einem Endstück, meist aus Metall, und einem Seil oder Strang der erfindungsgemäßen Glasfassade kann einen Innenkonus und Klemmstücke erfolgen. Es können aber auch andere aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Endstücke bei den erfindungsgemäßen Seilen eingesetzt werden.In order to ensure the best possible power transmission between the means for attaching the first and second cables and the first and second cables, the first and second cables each have an end piece at their ends. The end pieces can have a through hole with an inner cone and at least one clamping piece for clamping the ends of the lamellae in the inner cone. The connections between an end piece, usually made of metal, and a cable or strand of the glass facade according to the invention can be made using an inner cone and clamping pieces. However, other end pieces known from the prior art can also be used with the ropes according to the invention.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Endstücke ein Innengewinde zum Vorspannen der Seile auf. Die lose vormontierten Seile werden dann durch eine Spannschraube, die in das Innengewinde des Endstücks eingedreht wird, auf die gewünschte Vorspannung gebracht. Dann wird der Gewindering so weit in die Hülse eingedreht, bis er an der Unterseite des Endstücks anliegt. Anschließend wird die Spannschraube herausgedreht. Damit wird die von den vorgespannten Seilen ausgeübte Kraft über das Endstück und den Gewindering auf die Hülse übertragen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the end pieces have an internal thread for pretensioning the cables. The loosely pre-assembled ropes are then tightened by a tensioning screw that is screwed into the internal thread of the end piece is screwed in, brought to the desired preload. Then the threaded ring is screwed into the sleeve until it rests against the underside of the end piece. The clamping screw is then unscrewed. The force exerted by the pre-tensioned cables is thus transmitted to the sleeve via the end piece and the threaded ring.
Die Fassadenelemente sind in der Regel aus Glas, beispielsweise als Isolierverglasung mit zwei, drei oder vier Glasscheiben, als Einscheibensicherheitsglas oder als Verbundsicherheitsglas ausgeführt. Selbstverständlich können auch andere Fassadenelemente in die erfindungsgemäße Seilnetzfassade integriert werden. So können beispielsweise Verbundscheiben aus Glas und Kunststoff (schusssichere transparente Fassadenelemente) oder Fotovoltaikmodule oder auch transluzente Fassadenelemente oder opake Fassadenelemente aus Metall oder anderen Werkstoffen in das erfindungsgemäße Seilnetzwerk integriert werden.The façade elements are usually made of glass, for example as insulating glazing with two, three or four panes of glass, as toughened safety glass or as laminated safety glass. Of course, other facade elements can also be integrated into the cable network facade according to the invention. For example, composite panes made of glass and plastic (bulletproof, transparent facade elements) or photovoltaic modules or also translucent facade elements or opaque facade elements made of metal or other materials can be integrated into the cable network according to the invention.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Zeichnung, deren Beschreibung und den Patentansprüchen entnehmbar. Alle in der Zeichnung, deren Beschreibung und den Patentansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander erfindungswesentlich sein.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the invention can be found in the following drawing, its description and the patent claims. All features disclosed in the drawing, its description and the patent claims can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung einer als unregelmäßiges Viereck ausgebildeten erfindungsgemäßen Seilnetzfassade;
2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 und 6Figuren - verschiedene Schnitte im Bereich des Fugenkreuzes;
Figur 7- eine Isometrie eines Fugenkreuzes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Knotenelement;
Figur 8- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen p
Figuren 9a, 9b, 10und 11- die Verbindung zwischen den Seilen und dem Mauerwerk bzw. einem Rahmen,
Figur 12- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Knotenelements und
Figur 13- eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Seilnetzfassade.
- figure 1
- a schematic representation of a cable network facade designed as an irregular square according to the invention;
- Figures 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 and 6
- various cuts in the area of the spacer cross;
- figure 7
- an isometric view of a spacer cross with a node element according to the invention;
- figure 8
- an embodiment of an inventive p
- Figures 9a, 9b, 10 and 11
- the connection between the cables and the masonry or a frame,
- figure 12
- a further embodiment of a node element according to the invention and
- figure 13
- a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a cable network facade according to the invention.
In der
Die Seile 103, 105 sind mittels Spannvorrichtungen 141 mit dem Rahmen 101 verbunden und in der Regel vorgespannt.The
Die Details der Verankerung der ersten und zweiten Seile 105 bzw. 103 an dem Rahmen 101 werden weiter unten im Zusammenhang mit den
Wie sich aus dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ergibt, sind nicht alle der ersten Seile 103 exakt vertikal ausgerichtet. Die ersten Seile 103 sind in der Art einer Linien-Schar angeordnet, so dass sie nicht die gleiche Ausrichtung haben. Ähnliches gilt auch für die zweiten Seile 105. Dennoch bilden die ersten Seile 103 und die zweiten Seile 105 ein Seilnetzwerk mit in erster Näherung rechten Winkeln im Knotenpunkt.As can be seen from the exemplary embodiment shown, not all of the
Die ersten Seile 103 tragen im Wesentlichen die Gewichtslasten. Die zweiten Seile 105 leisten einen Beitrag zur Aufnahme von Windlasten oder anderen orthogonal auf die Glasfassade wirkenden Lasten. Daher sind die Traglasten der ersten Seile 103 meist höher als die Traglasten der zweiten Seile. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die ersten Seile 103 dicker sind als die zweiten Seile 105. Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, die ersten Seile 103 in zwei Stränge 103.1, 103.2 aufzuteilen. Diese zweite Variante ist etwas aufwändiger als die erste Variante und wird daher im Folgenden anhand der
Die erste Variante bei der die ersten Seile 103 aus einem Strang bestehen, ergibt sich aus der zweiten Variante, indem man gedanklich einen der beiden Stränge "weglässt". Wegen der großen Übereinstimmungen beider Varianten ist es nicht erforderlich, die einfachere erste Variante im Detail zu erläutern; in der
Die
In der
In diesen Knoten 107, der durch die beiden Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 des ersten Seils und das zweite Seil 105 gebildet wird, ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Knotenelement 2 eingesetzt. Das Knotenelement 2 wird weiter unten im Zusammenhang mit der
Das Knotenelement 2 umfasst eine Aufnahmefläche 109, die parallel zu dem zweiten Seil 105 ausgerichtet ist bzw. parallel dazu verläuft. Um die Details des Knotenelements 2 zu erläutern, wird auf die
Um zu verhindern, dass die Stränge 103.1, 103.2 im Bereich der Ausnehmungen punktuell überlastet oder sogar geknickt werden, sind an der Aufnahmefläche 109 Laschen 3 ausgebildet. Die Laschen 3 sind so angeordnet, dass sie parallel zu zwei Kanten der Ausnehmung verlaufen. Die Laschen 3 sind bevorzugt elastisch und federnd ausgebildet. Insbesondere nimmt ihr Querschnitt mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Aufnahmefläche ab. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass dort wo die Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 durch die Aufnahmefläche 109 des Knotenelements 2 geführt werden, kein Abknicken der ersteren möglich ist. Die Laschen 3 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel symmetrisch zur Aufnahmefläche 109 ausgebildet; sie erstrecken sich in beide Richtungen über die Aufnahmefläche 109 hinaus.In order to prevent the strands 103.1, 103.2 from being overloaded at certain points or even kinked in the area of the recesses,
In entsprechender Weise sind an der Unterseite des Knotenelements 2 zwei Laschen 4 ausgebildet. Die Laschen 4 sind so voneinander beabstandet, dass ein horizontal verlaufendes erstes Seil 105 (siehe
Weil das Knotenelement 2 von oben auf ein zweites Seil 105 aufgesetzt wird, müssen nur an der Unterseite des Knotenelements 2 Laschen 4 vorgesehen werden.Because the
Aus der
Auf die Aufnahmefläche 109 des Knotenelements 2 können rechts und links des Strangs der ersten Seile zwei weitere Fassadenelemente 111 aufgesetzt werden. Dadurch können Gewichtskräfte von den Fassadenelementen 111 in das Knotenelement 2 eingeleitet werden.Two
Einen direkter Kontakt zwischen den Unterkanten der Fassadenelemente 111 und dem zweiten Seil 105 gibt es nicht. Entsprechendes gilt auch für die seitlichen Kanten der Fassadenelemente 111 und die ersten Seile 103.There is no direct contact between the lower edges of the
Von den Fassadenelementen 111, die sich oberhalb des zweiten Seils 105 befinden, ist nur die hintere Scheibe dargestellt. Üblicherweise sind die Fassadenelemente als Verbundglas oder Isolierglas mit mindestens einer vorderen Scheibe und einer hinteren Scheibe und einem Rahmen ausgebildet. Die beiden Fassadenelemente 111 unterhalb des zweiten Seils 105 zeigen beide Scheiben des Verbundglases. Die nicht dargestellte vorderen Scheiben eines als Verbundglas ausgeführten oberen Fassadenelemente 111 werden ebenso wie die im oberen Teil der
Die
In der
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Fassadenelementen 111 wird durch einen dauerelastischen Werkstoff, wie z.B. Silikon, ausgefüllt. Dadurch ergibt sich eine linienhafte elastische Klebverbindung zwischen den Seilen 103 bzw. 105 und den Fassadenelementen 111. Diese Verbindung ist ausreichend fest, um die Fassadenelemente 111 dauerhaft mit dem Seilnetz, bestehend aus den ersten Seilen 103 und den zweiten Seilen 105, zu verbinden. Diese Verbindung ist aber auch ausreichend elastisch, um Verformungen, beispielsweise aufgrund von Windlasten oder temperaturindizierten Längenveränderungen ausgleichen zu können, und damit den Lastabtrag auf die Seile zu vergleichmäßigen.The space between the
In der
Dieses Seilnetz ist symmetrisch bezüglich einer Symmetrieebene, die parallel zu der von den Scheiben 5 gebildeten Außenfläche der Fassade verläuft. Die Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 sind so dimensioniert und beabstandet zueinander angeordnet, dass sie in der Fuge zwischen den Fassadenelementen 111 verschwinden und nicht über die Außenseiten der Fassadenelemente 111 hinausragen. In anderen Worten: Auch die Stränge 103.2 und 103.1 werden allseitig von Silikon, oder einem anderen dauerelastischen Webstoff, welcher die Fuge zwischen den Fassadenelementen 111 ausfüllt, umschlossen.This cable network is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry which runs parallel to the outer surface of the facade formed by the
Die
Die Durchführung der Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 durch die Ausnehmungen in der Aufnahmefläche 109 des Knotenelements 2 ist in der
Das Seilnetzwerk, bestehend aus den ersten Seilen 103 und den zweiten Seilen 105 muss vorgespannt werden, bevor die Glas- bzw. Fassadenelemente 111 eingesetzt werden. Mindestens eine Gruppe von Seilen 103, 105 muss definiert vorgespannt werden.The cable network, consisting of the
Ausführungsbeispiele einer solchen Vorspannung werden anhand der
Die beiden Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 enden in einem Endstück 12, das eine Innenbohrung mit einem Innenkonus 115 und einem Außengewinde 121 (
Der Rahmen 101 ist bei den in
Von oben wird als Montagehilfe ein Gewindebolzen (nicht dargestellt) eingedreht. Mittels einer hydraulischen Hohlkolbenpresse oder einer anderen Spannvorrichtung kann das Seil auf die gewünschte Vorspannung gedehnt werden. Es ist hierbei ggf. von beträchtlich langen Spannwegen auszugehen, so dass die endgültige Fixierung ggf. erst nach dem Spannen eingesetzt werden kann. Hierzu wird entweder eine Innengewindehülse (123 in
In der
Das Seil 103 kann beispielsweise mittels zweier halbkreisförmiger Keilplatten (ohne Bezugszeichen) in dem Innenkonus 115 des Endstücks 12 verklemmt werden. Eine ähnliche Konstruktion ist aus der Motorentechnik bekannt: Dort werden die Federteller mit Hilfe von zweigeteilten Keilplatten am Schaft eines Gaswechselventils befestigt.The
In der
Um zu verhindern, dass die Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 an dem Gewindering 13 angeritzt oder sonst wie beschädigt werden, ist an der Durchgangsöffnung des Gewinderings ggf. ein elastisches Dämpfungselement, ähnlich einem O-Ring, vorgesehen.In order to prevent the strands 103.1 and 103.2 from being scratched or otherwise damaged on the threaded
Unterhalb des Rahmens 101 können eine Blende oder Blendleisten 14 angeordnet sein. In den Blendleisten 14 sind Dichtungen 15 vorgesehen, die dafür sorgen, dass die Fassadenelemente zwängungsfrei aber lastschlüssig und witterungsdicht im Rahmen 101 geführt sind. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass ein solches Endstück 12 auch bei einem zweiten Seil 105 mit nur einem Strang oder anderem Seilaufbau in vergleichbarer Weise ausgeführt werden kann.A screen or screen strips 14 can be arranged below the
Die
In der
In der
Um zu verhindern, dass das erste Seil 103 im Bereich der Ausnehmung punktuell überlastet oder sogar geknickt werden, sind an der Aufnahmefläche 109 Laschen 3 ausgebildet. Die Laschen 3 sind so angeordnet, dass sie parallel zu zwei Kanten der Ausnehmung verlaufen. Die Laschen 3 sind bevorzugt elastisch und federnd ausgebildet. Insbesondere nimmt ihr Querschnitt mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Aufnahmefläche ab. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass dort wo die Stränge 103.1 und 103.2 durch die Aufnahmefläche 109 des Knotenelements 2 geführt werden, kein Abknicken der ersteren möglich ist. Die Laschen 3 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel symmetrisch zur Aufnahmefläche 109 ausgebildet; sie erstrecken sich in beide Richtungen über die Aufnahmefläche 109 hinaus.In order to prevent the
In entsprechender Weise sind an der Unterseite des Knotenelements 2 zwei Laschen 4 ausgebildet. Die Laschen 4 sind so voneinander beabstandet, dass ein horizontal verlaufendes erstes Seil 105 (siehe
In der
Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel erstrecken sich die Fassadenelemente 111 in vertikaler Richtung von der unteren bis zur oberen Traverse des Rahmens 101. Daher sind zweite Seile 105 entbehrlich.In this embodiment, the
Die Krafteinleitung und -übertragung sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wie folgt:In this exemplary embodiment, the introduction and transmission of force are as follows:
Die Gewichtskraft der Scheibe wird von der Unterkante der Scheibe, bzw. dem Fassadenelement 111 auf die untere Traverse des Rahmens 101 übertragen. Dazu ist es in der Regel erforderlich, Zwischenstücke (nicht dargestellt) zwischen Scheibe und Rahmen anzuordnen; diese sind nicht dargestellt.The weight of the pane is transferred from the lower edge of the pane or the
Die vorgespannten ersten Seile 103 verhindern bez. Verringern wirkungsvoll das Durchbiegen der Scheiben aufgrund von Windlasten oder anderen orthogonal auf die Glasfassade wirkenden Lasten. Dadurch ist es möglich, auch extrem große Scheiben sicher zu halten und eine optisch sehr zurückhaltende und ästhetisch ansprechende Fassade zu gestalten. Die Scheiben können in Ihrer Dimension entsprechend der maximal Herstellbaren Abmessungen gewählt werden. Diese sind momentan üblicherweise in der Länge bis zu 18 m und in der Breite bis zu 3 m. Mit einer Scheibe wird somit eine Fläche von mehr als 50m2 abgedeckt.The prestressed
Bezüglich der Verankerung der ersten Seile 103 an dem Rahmen 101 gilt dass im Zusammenhang mit den
Claims (16)
- Cable net façade for a building, comprising at least one group of first cables (103), façade elements (111), wherein the first cables (103) consist of one or more lamellae of a fibre-composite material, wherein the group of first cables (103) is pretensioned, and wherein the façade elements (111) are arranged in the plane spanned by the cable network.
- Cable net façade according to claim 1, characterised in that the cable net façade consists of first cables (103) and second cables (105), façade elements (111) and node elements (2) for introducing the loads of the façade elements (111) into the cable net, in that the first cables (103) and second cables (105) intersect at node points (107), in that the second cables (105) consist of one or more lamellae of a fibre composite material, and in that at least one group of cables is pretensioned.
- Cable net façade according to claim 2, characterised in that the node elements (2) comprise a receiving surface (109) for transferring the dead weight loads of the façade elements (111), in that a recess is provided in the receiving element (109) for each strand (103.1, 103.2) of the first cables (103), and in that one tab (4) is optionally formed in each case on one or two edges of the recess.
- Cable net façade according to claim 3, characterised in that the tabs (4) or other elements for securing the position of façade elements or for protecting the cables (103) extend in parallel with a longitudinal axis of the first cables (103), and in that the tabs (4) protrude beyond the receiving element (109) on one side, but preferably on both sides.
- Cable net façade according to claim 4, characterised in that the node elements (2) comprise elastically resilient tabs (4) for on-site frictional adhesion to the cables.
- Cable net façade according to claim 3, characterised in that a width (B) of the receiving surface (109) is less than or equal to a thickness (D) of the façade elements (111).
- Cable net façade according to any of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the node elements (2) are manufactured from a plastics material.
- Cable net façade according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cables (103, 105) extend in joints between the façade elements (111).
- Cable net façade according to claim 8, characterised in that the joints are filled with a permanently elastic sealing compound.
- Cable net façade according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises means for fastening first and second cables (103, 105).
- Cable net façade according to claim 10, characterised in that the means for fastening first and second cables (103, 105) comprise a length-adjustable anchor.
- Cable net façade according to claim 11, characterised in that the means for fastening first and second cables (103, 105) comprise a sleeve (10) having an internal thread (11) and a threaded ring (13) having an external thread.
- Cable net façade according to any of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the means for fastening cables (103, 105) are anchored to a frame (101) or directly in the structure of a building.
- Cable net façade according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first and second cables (103, 105) each comprise an endpiece (12) at their ends.
- Cable net façade according to claim 14, characterised in that the endpieces (12) comprise means (117) for pretensioning the cables (103, 105).
- Cable net façade according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the façade elements (111) are designed as insulating glazing comprising two or more panes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018126799.1A DE102018126799B4 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Rope net facade with ropes made of fiber composite material |
PCT/EP2019/079051 WO2020084067A1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2019-10-24 | Cable network facade comprising cables made of fiber-reinforced composite material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3856993A1 EP3856993A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
EP3856993B1 true EP3856993B1 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
Family
ID=68392980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19795521.4A Active EP3856993B1 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2019-10-24 | Cable network facade comprising cables made of fiber-reinforced composite material |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210396019A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3856993B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113195843A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018126799B4 (en) |
SA (1) | SA521421858B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020084067A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020118317B4 (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-03-17 | Moeding Keramikfassaden Gmbh | Façade and/or wall construction |
Family Cites Families (22)
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US6026614A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-02-22 | Johnston; Barry | Cable braced, open air chapel/meeting hall |
US6658804B2 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-12-09 | Vladimir S. Leytes | Self-bearing flexible curtain wall system |
SE0200141L (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2003-02-25 | Jerker Lundgren | Glazing system for buildings |
GB0422638D0 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2004-11-10 | Spinlock Structures Ltd | Panel system |
DE102005032169A1 (en) * | 2005-07-09 | 2007-01-18 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Standardized pressure bar system for a taut façade construction |
CN2825786Y (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2006-10-11 | 珠海市晶艺玻璃工程有限公司 | Glass curtain wall |
CN2873913Y (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-02-28 | 白宝鲲 | Connecting device for inhaul cable type curtain wall |
CN101016760A (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2007-08-15 | 鲁文杰 | Invisible single cable glass curtain wall structure and manufacture method therefor |
CN201148699Y (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-11-12 | 沈阳远大铝业工程有限公司 | Thin film curtain wall structure |
DE102008005051B3 (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2009-07-09 | Grimm, Friedrich, Dipl.-Ing. | Cable structure for e.g. cable tensioned space framework, has sleeve rotatably supported and fixed around longitudinal middle axis in node element so that cable is stressed longitudinal and transverse to carrying direction |
CN201180328Y (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-01-14 | 东莞市坚朗五金制品有限公司 | Curtain wall clamping joint device |
CN201502118U (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-06-09 | 东莞市坚朗五金制品有限公司 | Point connection type curtain wall clamp |
CN202202454U (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2012-04-25 | 湖北弘毅建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Conceal zipper laminated glass curtain wall node |
CA2928010C (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2019-02-12 | Mid-American Gunite, Inc. Dba Mid-American Group | Entanglement obstacle |
CN103669208B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-12-02 | 东南大学 | A kind of anchoring process being applicable to large-tonnage FRP inhaul cable |
US9212481B2 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-12-15 | TIP TOP FENSTER S.r.l. | Curtain-wall system for buildings |
DE102015220581A1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Technische Universität Berlin | Tensile element made of fiber-reinforced plastic |
FR3051207B1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2020-12-04 | Univ Montpellier | ASSEMBLY OF FOLDABLE TENSEGRITE MODULES |
KR101702913B1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2017-02-08 | (주)남영산업 | Wall structure |
ES2926319T3 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2022-10-25 | Carbo Link Ag | Anchor sleeve, anchoring system and procedure for manufacturing it |
US10815654B2 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-27 | Tate Access Floors, Inc. | Supplemental support structure for hot aisle/cold aisle forming apparatus and method of providing supplemental support for hot aisle/cold aisle forming apparatus |
DE102020118317B4 (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-03-17 | Moeding Keramikfassaden Gmbh | Façade and/or wall construction |
-
2018
- 2018-10-26 DE DE102018126799.1A patent/DE102018126799B4/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-24 EP EP19795521.4A patent/EP3856993B1/en active Active
- 2019-10-24 WO PCT/EP2019/079051 patent/WO2020084067A1/en unknown
- 2019-10-24 CN CN201980077601.3A patent/CN113195843A/en active Pending
- 2019-10-24 US US17/288,682 patent/US20210396019A1/en active Pending
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2021
- 2021-04-26 SA SA521421858A patent/SA521421858B1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN113195843A (en) | 2021-07-30 |
WO2020084067A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
SA521421858B1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
DE102018126799B4 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
EP3856993A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
DE102018126799A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
US20210396019A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
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