EP3846897A1 - Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen - Google Patents
Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3846897A1 EP3846897A1 EP19753324.3A EP19753324A EP3846897A1 EP 3846897 A1 EP3846897 A1 EP 3846897A1 EP 19753324 A EP19753324 A EP 19753324A EP 3846897 A1 EP3846897 A1 EP 3846897A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dielectric component
- muscle cells
- sensor
- implantable
- sensor according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
- A61N1/37—Monitoring; Protecting
- A61N1/3702—Physiological parameters
- A61N1/3704—Circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. for sensitivity control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6867—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive specially adapted to be attached or implanted in a specific body part
- A61B5/6869—Heart
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/283—Invasive
- A61B5/29—Invasive for permanent or long-term implantation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
- A61B5/395—Details of stimulation, e.g. nerve stimulation to elicit EMG response
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4519—Muscles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6879—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6882—Anchoring means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3956—Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an implantable sensor for detecting electrical excitation of muscle cells, in particular cardiac muscle cells.
- a challenge is the necessity that with some forms of therapy, especially for the therapy of tachycardia, in addition to active therapy, a sensor must be placed in the atrium, usually in the immediate vicinity of the coronary sinus node, which monitors cardiac activity.
- the signal transmission from the sensor to the active implant is implemented by a cable connection.
- An alternative concept is that the sensor has its own power supply and transmits the signals wirelessly to the implant.
- the senor With an active power supply using a battery, there is the problem of a larger form factor and a limited service life.
- the sensor is correspondingly more complex in terms of its design.
- a galvanic connection is required which is susceptible to mechanical defects.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a sensor which is improved with regard to the aforementioned problems.
- an implantable sensor for detecting an electrical excitation of muscle cells in particular cardiac muscle cells, is disclosed, the sensor being characterized in that it has a dielectric component and a contact point for electrically contacting muscle cells of a patient, which is electrically conductive with the dielectric Component is connected, so that when the muscle cells are electrically excited, an electrical field in the dielectric component and accordingly a capacitance of the dielectric component change.
- the invention thus advantageously enables passive measurement of the stimulus conduction of cardiac muscle cells, in particular for further signal processing in an active implant, based on the change in the electric field or the capacitance of the dielectric component, in particular without an autonomous energy supply to the sensor.
- the senor is a passive sensor.
- the senor is designed for wireless transmission of the detection of an excitation of the muscle cells to a medical device, in particular an implantable medical device. Furthermore, it is provided according to one embodiment that the sensor has an antenna structure which is connected to the dielectric component.
- the antenna structure is connected to the dielectric component such that the adaptation of the antenna structure changes when the electrical field in the dielectric component and the capacitance of the dielectric component change when the muscle cells are electrically excited.
- This can be measured using a broadband electromagnetic signal that is sent from the implant to the sensor.
- all frequencies that are permitted for wireless communication can be used, although the range decreases as the frequency increases.
- sensitivity increases with frequency.
- frequencies in the range from 1 kHz (purely inductive coupling) to 1 GHz (electromagnetic coupling), in particular in the range from 13 MHz (mainly inductive coupling) can be used.
- a further (in particular implantable) medical device (such as an ICD or a pacemaker) can thus experience an electrical excitation of the muscle cells by means of wireless communication or can sense them from the sensor or measure them with the aid of the sensor.
- the antenna structure has an electrical rider which has a first end and a second end, the two ends each being connected to the dielectric component.
- said electrical rider is designed in the form of a loop.
- the antenna structure can have a further electrical tab, which can preferably also be loop-shaped, the further electrical tab having a first end and a second end, wherein the two ends of the further electrical conductor are each connected to the dielectric component.
- the senor has an inductance in the form of a coil structure which is connected to the dielectric component.
- the coil structure can e.g. B. be formed by a coil having an electrical conductor with a plurality of turns, the electrical conductor having two ends which are connected to the dielectric component, in particular galvanically, for. B. by a welded connection, a soldered connection or an electrically conductive adhesive connection.
- the coil structure and the dielectric component form a resonant circuit, so that a resonance frequency of the resonant circuit changes when the electrical field in the dielectric component and the capacitance of the dielectric component change when the muscle cells are electrically excited .
- the change in the resonance frequency can in turn be determined using known methods (by means of wireless communication), e.g. B. by a (especially implantable) medical device (z. B. in the form of an ICD or a pacemaker).
- the coil structure has two spiral electrical conductors, the two spiral electrical conductors each being connected to the dielectric component, in particular the respective spiral electrical conductor being connected to the dielectric component via one end of the respective spiral conductor .
- the senor has a fastening element for fastening the sensor to the tissue (in particular muscle tissue or heart muscle tissue) of a patient, the fastening element being fixed in particular to the dielectric component.
- the fastening element can be helical (eg in the form of a helical wire).
- the contact point is formed by the fastening element.
- the senor has a further contact point for electrically contacting muscle cells of a patient, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the dielectric component.
- the dielectric component has a capacitor or is formed by a capacitor.
- the capacitor can be a Class 2 or Class 3 ceramic capacitor.
- the effect of the change in capacitance can be achieved by applying a voltage with a MEMS capacitor (MEMS - Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, microsystem technology).
- the dielectric component (or the capacitor) has a ferroelectric material, in particular barium titanate or lead zirconate titanate.
- Another aspect relates to a system having an implantable sensor disclosed here and an implantable medical device (in particular in the form of an implantable cardiac pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator), the medical device preferably used for wireless measurement or interrogation of an excitation detected by the sensor Muscle cells is configured.
- an implantable medical device in particular in the form of an implantable cardiac pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
- the medical device preferably used for wireless measurement or interrogation of an excitation detected by the sensor Muscle cells is configured.
- the implantable medical device can be designed to send a preferably broadband electromagnetic signal to the sensor and that
- the broadband z. B. can be selected based on the change in capacitance and thus the change in the resonance frequency of the sensor. So z. B. a bandwidth in the range of 10 kHz can be used. Depending on the frequency range used, it is advantageous if the bandwidth is at least 10% of the center frequency. Alternatively, the resonance frequency can also take place by means of a frequency sweep for this frequency range.
- the implantable medical device can be designed to measure the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit, which is found in an electrical circuit Arousal of muscle cells changes.
- the system can have several sensors, in particular to improve the measurement results. Several different sensors can also be used. The sensors can then e.g. B. be queried individually and / or together by the implantable medical device. Description of embodiments
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a sensor with a dielectric component and an antenna structure
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a
- FIG. 5 shows an implanted sensor anchored in a heart wall and one
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of a capacitor or a capacitance
- the disclosure relates to an implantable sensor 1 for the detection of an electrical excitation of muscle cells M, in particular cardiac muscle cells M of a heart H of a patient, as described for. B. is shown in Figures 1 to 4.
- the s. B. is shown in Figures 1 and 2, the sensor 1 has an implantable body with an antenna structure 3, a dielectric component 2 and z. B. two contact points 20 to tissue M.
- the sensor 1 can have a fixed housing for receiving the components of the sensor, but this is not absolutely necessary. So z. B. a flexible plastic film can be used as the carrier material (z. B. a flexible conductor track). Depending on the material of the dielectric (biocompatibility), an encapsulation of the capacitor can be provided.
- the capacitance of the dielectric component 2 is changed by applying an electrical field (stimulus conduction of the heart muscle cells).
- the antenna structure 3 can have two loop-shaped electrical tabs 30, 31, which are each connected to the dielectric component 2 via their ends 30a, 30b and 3la, 3 lb.
- the sensor 1 can also by means of a fastener 5, here z. B. in the form of a screw, connected to the muscle tissue M.
- FIG. 2 shows a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, in which the antenna structure 3 is formed by a single loop-shaped electrical fader 30 which is connected to the dielectric component 2 via its ends 30a, 30b.
- the respective antenna structure 3 can, for. B. be formed by a metal-coated film, the metal is preferably gold or platinum, and is preferably tuned by means of the series-connected dielectric 2 such that the combination of antenna structure 3 and capacitance 2 for a frequency band in the ultra-high frequency range without one external static electric field has electromagnetic resonance.
- the dielectric 2 preferably has a strongly non-linear behavior in the case of an external electrical field and thus detunes the resonance behavior of the antenna structure 3 depending on the field strength (stimulus conduction of the heart muscle cells M).
- FIGS. 3 and 4 each show an alternative (second) variant of a sensor 1.
- the sensor 1 is an implantable body with a coil structure 4, a dielectric component 2 and at least one
- the dielectric 2 preferably again has a strongly non-linear behavior in the case of an external electrical field and thus detunes the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit 2, 4 depending on the field strength, since the capacitance of the dielectric component 2 changes.
- the change in the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit comprising the coil structure 4 and the dielectric component 2 can be measured with the aid of near field coupling by means of a magnetic field using an implantable medical device 10.
- the resonant circuit 2, 4 is particularly preferably resonant in a frequency range in which a purely magnetic coupling can be assumed.
- the resonance frequency is also preferably selected to be as high as possible in order to obtain a small form factor and a high sensitivity when the capacitance changes.
- the frequency is limited by adherence to the magnetic coupling.
- the resonance frequency can be determined in particular with the aid of methods known from the literature by the implantable medical device 10 and thus provides a measure of the activity of the heart muscle cells that prevails at the location of the dielectric 2.
- the sensor 1 by means of a fastening element 5 (z. B. in the form of a screw) on the muscle tissue M, which also acts as a contact point 20.
- the sensor 1 or the dielectric component 2 can be connected to the muscle cells M via a further contact point 20.
- the sensor 2 can only be connected to the muscle cells or cardiac muscle cells M via the fastening element 5, which also represents the contact point 20.
- the coil structure 4 of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can e.g. B. may be formed by two spiral electrical conductors 40, 41, the two spiral electrical conductors 40, 41 each being connected to the dielectric component 2 via one end 40a, 4la.
- the dielectric component 2 of the sensors according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is also based here preferably on a ferroelectric ceramic (see above) and can e.g. B. be a ceramic capacitor of class 2, which can be designed as described above. In all embodiments, the capacitor 2 can consist of several ceramic layers (so-called multilayer ceramic capacitor MLCC).
- the senor 1 is preferably anchored in the heart wall H 'via the fastening element 5.
- a sensor 1 (cf., for example, FIGS. 1 to 4) can form a system 100 together with an implantable medical device 10, the device 100 (for example ICD or pacemaker) being designed to change the Adaptation of the antenna structure 3 (FIGS. 1 and 2) or the change in the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit 2, 4 (FIGS. 3 and 4) to be measured in order to detect the electrical excitation of the muscle cells M wirelessly.
- the solution disclosed here in particular advantageously dispenses with both a wired connection to the sensor and a battery in the sensor 1 itself.
- the activity of the heart muscle cells M is transmitted in particular wirelessly between an implantable medical device 10 and the sensor 1. This minimizes the cost and complexity of the sensor 1.
- the system 100 is robust and allows new approaches in therapy, such as, for example, in extra-cardiac brady / tachycardia therapy (cf. FIG. 5B).
- the electrode line 200 forms both a carrier of the antenna 201 for querying the signals from the sensor 1 and an electrical connection to the active implant.
- the small form factor also makes it possible to implant several of the wireless sensors 1 at different positions in the heart wall H ', as is the case, for example, in FIG. B. is shown in Figure 6.
- the individual sensors 1 can in particular have different resonance frequencies and can be addressed in a targeted manner or together by means of suitable pulses.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18192360.8A EP3620209A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen |
| PCT/EP2019/071521 WO2020048735A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2019-08-12 | Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3846897A1 true EP3846897A1 (de) | 2021-07-14 |
Family
ID=63491450
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18192360.8A Withdrawn EP3620209A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen |
| EP19753324.3A Withdrawn EP3846897A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2019-08-12 | Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18192360.8A Withdrawn EP3620209A1 (de) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Passiver sensor zur drahtlosen detektion der elektrischen erregung von muskelzellen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11207027B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3620209A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2022502218A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020048735A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6409674B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2002-06-25 | Data Sciences International, Inc. | Implantable sensor with wireless communication |
| US7615010B1 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2009-11-10 | Integrated Sensing Systems, Inc. | System for monitoring the physiologic parameters of patients with congestive heart failure |
| DE10258845A1 (de) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-01-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensoreinrichtung zur Ermittlung von Temperaturen |
| JP2005110801A (ja) * | 2003-10-03 | 2005-04-28 | Aprica Kassai Inc | 生体計測センサおよび生体計測方法 |
| US7792588B2 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2010-09-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Radio frequency transponder based implantable medical system |
| US20090024042A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-22 | Endotronix, Inc. | Method and system for monitoring ventricular function of a heart |
| CN102448370B (zh) * | 2009-05-29 | 2014-04-16 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 电容性感测设备 |
| WO2015099845A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-07-02 | Guided Interventions, Inc. | System for detection of fluid pressure using a pressure sensing capacitive sensor |
-
2018
- 2018-09-04 EP EP18192360.8A patent/EP3620209A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-08-12 EP EP19753324.3A patent/EP3846897A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-08-12 US US17/271,268 patent/US11207027B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2019-08-12 WO PCT/EP2019/071521 patent/WO2020048735A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-08-12 JP JP2021536150A patent/JP2022502218A/ja not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11207027B2 (en) | 2021-12-28 |
| EP3620209A1 (de) | 2020-03-11 |
| JP2022502218A (ja) | 2022-01-11 |
| WO2020048735A1 (de) | 2020-03-12 |
| US20210307696A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
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