EP3838532B1 - Spreizvorrichtung, insbesondere zur unterstützung beim abbau von steinblöcken und verfahren zum abbau von steinblöcken - Google Patents

Spreizvorrichtung, insbesondere zur unterstützung beim abbau von steinblöcken und verfahren zum abbau von steinblöcken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3838532B1
EP3838532B1 EP20216155.0A EP20216155A EP3838532B1 EP 3838532 B1 EP3838532 B1 EP 3838532B1 EP 20216155 A EP20216155 A EP 20216155A EP 3838532 B1 EP3838532 B1 EP 3838532B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
splitting
cushions
excavation
stone blocks
bank
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Application number
EP20216155.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3838532A1 (de
Inventor
Stefano Tongiani
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Newtec Tongiani Srl
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Newtec Tongiani Srl
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/10—Devices with expanding elastic casings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a splitting device according to the preamble of claim 1, which is known from patent IT 1391826 B1 , in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks and a method for the excavation of stone blocks.
  • the invention relates to a device and a method of the type mentioned, in particular for, but not limited to, the excavation of blocks in marble, granite and other hard stone quarries.
  • the excavation step that is, the step for detaching the block of stone previously cut from the mountain, traditionally comprised the creation of seats on the upper side of the cut surfaces, inside of which hydraulic jacks were placed, whose function was to push the block of stone, at its upper part, allowing the block itself to detach and at the same time facilitating its tipping.
  • a splitting cushion according to the prior art is indicated with the numerical reference 1 and consists of two metal sheets 1', 1" facing each other, generally made of steel with high strength and ductility, less than 1 mm thick and coupled by means of a welding line 2 along the entire perimeter, with the exception of a passageway constituted by an inlet nozzle 3 for a fluid, designed for coupling on a quick coupling 4, in order to ensure the locking of an effective and safe connection pipe for the operator during the injection of water under pressure, said nozzle 3 being placed integrally on the plates 1', 1", generally on a corner of the cushion itself, by means of its welding to the plates 1', 1", by the addition of material 5.
  • the splitting cushion 1 once inserted inside the cut bank, is inflated with pressurised water until it reaches the bursting and thus structural failure of the welds.
  • the maximum opening which can be achieved with this system is variable between 20 and 30 cm.
  • the block is suitably propped during the inflation step of the splitting cushion 1, so that any premature breakage of the splitting cushion 1 does not cause the block to return to its initial position.
  • the known technique is to use the bucket of one or more excavators to pull down the block.
  • This manoeuvre is very delicate, dangerous and costly in terms of wear of machinery and is sometimes impossible given the impossibility of reaching certain areas of the quarry with excavators.
  • the limitation of this operation stems from the dangerous manoeuvre of pushing the block, as the operator must necessarily apply considerable force on the bucket to move the block and cause it to fall. This operation is all the more dangerous the higher the bank to be tipped.
  • this procedure uses pressurised air as a fluid to be introduced inside the splitting cushions and splitting cushions made of flexible materials, such as, for example, rubber or, for some particular applications, Kevlar. In this way, once the insertion of pressurised air has stopped, it tends to escape from the splitting cushions, causing deflation.
  • the main aim of the invention is therefore to make the manoeuvre of tipping the stone block with the help of excavator buckets easier and safer for the operators, and in some cases even avoiding their use.
  • a current limit which cannot be exceeded of a 20-30 cm opening at the top of the bank by means of the splitting device, in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks by means of splitting cushions, and the method for the excavation of stone blocks according to the invention, it is possible to achieve openings much greater than one metre in length, up to even 1.5 metres. This possibility results in an extremely reduced effort, by the operator, in order to tip the block and, where the dimensions and weight of the block allow it, the direct tipping of the block.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a device and a method for the excavation of stone blocks which allows the limitations of the prior art solutions to be overcome and to obtain the technical results described above.
  • a further aim of the invention is that said device can be made and said method can be implemented with substantially low costs, with regard both to the production costs and the management costs.
  • Another aim of the invention is to provide a splitting device, in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks and a method for the excavation of stone blocks which are simple, safe and reliable.
  • a first specific object of the invention therefore relates to a splitting device, in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks, which comprises one or more valves connectable to as many splitting cushions, said valves being connected, by means of a conduit provided with a shut-off valve, with a water inlet of said dhevice of connectable to a hydraulic pump and with the lateral inlet of a Venturi tube, which is in turn connected, by means of an inlet of the Venturi tube, with said water inlet of the device and, by means of an outlet of the Venturi tube, with an outlet valve of said device.
  • valves are connected to each other by means of a manifold, which is in turn connected to said lateral inlet of said Venturi tube.
  • a second specific object of the invention is a method for the excavation of stone blocks, comprising the following steps:
  • the steps of inflating, propping and deflating are repeated until the splitting cushions reach a depth close to the centre of gravity of the bank.
  • said splitting cushions can be superposed on each other to form a multiple cushion, preferably a double or triple cushion, which may be obtained by gluing together two or more splitting cushions (1), at the respective metal sheets (1', 1").
  • a splitting device in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks according to the invention, indicated in its entirety with numerical reference 10, is characterised in particular in that it is capable of including a plurality of valves 11, connectable to as many splitting cushions 1 through respective conduits (not shown), said device being configured in such a way as to be able to operate said valves 11 in delivery or in suction mode, in accordance with operating the inflation or deflation of the splitting cushions 1.
  • the valves 11 are connected to a manifold 12 and, by means of this, to the lateral inlet 13 of a Venturi tube 14, equipped with an inlet 15 and an outlet 16, respectively connected to the inlet 17 and to an outlet valve 18 of the device 10.
  • the inlet 17 is in turn connected, through hydraulic conduits, to a hydraulic pump (not shown).
  • the device 10 further comprises a conduit 19, provided with a valve 20, connecting the inlet 17 of the device 10 with the manifold 12.
  • the device also comprises a pressure gauge 22.
  • the operation of the device 10 to assist in the excavation of stone blocks according to the invention is as follows.
  • pressurised water from the hydraulic pump hereafter also referred to as inflation water
  • the inflation water fills the splitting cushions 1.
  • the inflation water enters the Venturi tube from the inlet 15 and, crossing the restriction 21, simultaneously increases its speed and generates a negative pressure at the lateral inlet 13, through which the inflation water present in the manifold 12 and in the splitting cushions 1 is sucked into the Venturi tube, which consequently deflate.
  • the inflation water is then expelled through the outlet 16 and the outlet valve 18 of the device 10.
  • the negative pressure which can be reached at the narrowing 21 of the Venturi tube is close to the absolute vacuum.
  • the device 10 shown by way of example in Figures 3a and 3b consists of a piece of equipment which can be connected to a hydraulic pump, this equipment being characterised by being light, in such a way that it can be carried by hand, and being arranged with six valves 11, so that at least two triple splitting cushions can be used together in one bank.
  • a plurality of hydraulic hoses necessary for the connections to the splitting cushions 1 are also provided with the device 10 to assist in the excavation of stone blocks according to the invention, in such a way as to reduce the head losses within the piping as much as possible, in order to fully exploit the suction capacity of the system.
  • Figures 5-7 illustrate the steps of the method for the excavation of stone blocks according to the invention, according to a specific implementation thereof, as made possible by the use of the splitting device, in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks described above.
  • the splitting of the bank B obtained through the method described above may be sufficient to cause the overturning of the bank B on a cushion C constituted by a pile of stone material debris, mixed with slurry produced by the cuts, whose function is to dampen the fall of the bank B in order to limit its breakage. If this is not the case, the bank should be tipped in a different way, which may also be a prior art way.
  • a double or triple splitting cushion 1 preferably consists of two or three single splitting cushions 1, coupled to each other, for example by gluing.
  • the overlapping of the single cushions alone may not be sufficient to ensure the correct deflation and descent of the splitting cushions 1 in the opening, so that they can remain attached to each other.
  • the production process preferably involves the use of a special glue, and the application of a constant weight in the area where the cushions are glued for more than 24 hours.
  • both versions of multiple splitting cushions 1, both the double and the triple one are advantageously equipped with a handle, as per previous Italian patent No. 277284 , in order to be able to move them without difficulty, considering their weight.
  • the double pillow can weigh approximately 24 kg and the triple pillow approximately 36 kg.
  • the splitting cushions 1 During the first step of inflating the splitting cushions 1, it is possible to achieve an overall opening width at the top of the bank B of at least 40-50 cm. If a multiple splitting cushion is used, the various cushions of which it is composed inflate in a fairly regular and uniform manner, reaching an opening of about 15-16 cm each for the triple ones.
  • the hydraulic power unit is turned off and the inlet valves 11' for the entrance of water to the splitting cushions 1 are closed, in order to keep the splitting cushions 1 under pressure.
  • a flow rate of water and pressure entering the splitting device 10 generates a negative pressure which allows the water contained in the spreader cushions 1 to be sucked in, even when the latter are at a lower height than that at which the device 10 is located, in particular at a depth of at least 6-7 metres.
  • the nameplate data of the splitting device in particular to assist in the excavation of stone blocks, used for this and subsequent examples, is as follows: flow rate of incoming water between 8 and 13 l/min, measured driving pressure between 30 and 40 bar, flow rate of sucked water equal to 8-9 l/min at -0.85 bar depression.
  • the splitting cushion used was a double cushion, the dimensions of the bank were 5x3x9 m.
  • the width of the opening at the top of the bank B was 70 cm and the depth reached by the splitting cushion 1 inside the opening was approximately 2 m from the top level of the bank.
  • the splitting cushion used was a triple cushion, the dimensions of the bank were 5x3x9 m.
  • the width of the opening at the top of the bank B was 110 cm and the depth reached by the splitting cushion 1 inside the opening was approximately 3 m from the top level of the bank B.
  • the width of the opening at the top of the bank B was 132 cm and the depth reached by the splitting cushion 1 inside the opening was approximately 4 m from the top level of the bank B.
  • the device according to the invention may further be provided with a manually servo-operated plunger valve 23 made of a metal material, comprising a fixed lever 24 and a movable lever 25 of the plunger valve 23, with a closing direction of the movable lever 25 towards the fixed lever 24 to open the valve and thereby allow water to enter inside the device 10.
  • the system is equipped with an internal spring (not shown) which allows the mobile lever 25 to return automatically to the rest position if it is stressed and then released and it keeps it in the closed condition if not stressed.
  • the manually operated servo-assisted plunger valve 23 adds fundamental aspects of safety and ease of use for the device according to the invention, which also entails the applicability of the device to other fields, other than those of stone material excavation, always considering its use in combination with metal cushions in single or multiple versions.
  • the splitting device according to this embodiment is able to guarantee greater safety for the operator, as the plunger valve 23 is monostable, that is, if it is activated and released suddenly, it returns to the rest condition, in which it does not allow the passage of water inside it and therefore inside the body of the splitting device. This allows the downstream system, that is, the splitting cushions 1 inflated with water, to not alter their state should the user feel unwell.
  • a valve of this type is considered to be technically safe since, in the event of an illness, the system around the user does not change its state from a dynamic point of view. The system remains stationary, protecting the user from possible changes, breakage and movement of material caused by the continuous pressure which the system would exert on the cushions by continuing to inflate them.
  • a second advantage connected to the use of the plunger valve 23 is that of the modularity of the flow rate: as the valve is manual, and thanks to the system adopted by means of a servo-assisted lever, the flow rate of water to the splitting cushions can be adjusted moment by moment, making it possible for the operator to have total control over the opening of the splitting cushions during both the inflation and deflation steps.
  • the modularity of the capacity therefore allows precise control of the opening of the cushions in such a way that operations are always performed in total safety.
  • valve 23 thus extends the field of application of the system comprising the device 10 in combination with metal splitting cushions, in single and multiple versions, and thanks to the inflation and deflation procedure it is usable in different situations.
  • a preferred application relates to safety equipment used by specialist teams and the fire service during rescue operations in traffic accidents and in the event of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, enabling the splitting device according to the invention to be classified as hydraulic rescue equipment.
  • the system can easily be used to lift debris, girders, and other materials which would otherwise hinder the rescue of human lives, as in addition to its ease of use and compatibility with fire pumps and hoses and the relative safety systems, it offers significant performance in terms of applied force.
  • the inflation and deflation procedure combined with the advantage of being able to fine-tune the flow rate of water and the degree of inflation and deflation of the cushions, makes it possible to determine by exactly how much a piece of debris can be raised or lowered, with a precision and level of safety which no similar system using air as the inflation fluid can guarantee.
  • the device according to the invention allows safe operation at pressures of up to 40 bar, achieving thrust forces far in excess of what is currently possible with prior art splitting cushions.
  • the metal cushion being very thin and made of metal material, lends itself very well to being placed in narrow, tight places which are difficult to reach with the equivalent air system currently used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Spaltvorrichtung (10), insbesondere zur Unterstützung des Ausschachtens von Steinblöcken, wobei die Spaltvorrichtung (10) ein oder mehrere Ventile (11) umfasst, die über Hydraulikleitungen mit ebenso vielen Spaltpolstern (1) verbunden werden können, wobei die besagten Ventile (11) über einen Kanal (19) mit einem Absperrventil (20), mit einem Wassereinlass (17) des besagten Geräts (10) verbunden sind, der an eine Hydraulikpumpe angeschlossen werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Ventile (11) zusätzlich über den besagten Kanal (19) mit dem Absperrventil (20) an den seitlichen Einlass (13) eines Venturirohrs (14) angeschlossen sind, der wiederum über einen Einlass (15) des Venturi-Rohrs (14) mit dem besagten Wassereinlass (17) des Geräts (10) und über einen Auslass (16) des Venturi-Rohrs (14) mit einem Auslassventil (18) des besagten Geräts (10) verbunden ist, damit das in den Spaltpolstern (1) vorhandene Pumpwasser in das Venturi-Rohr gesaugt und dann durch den Auslass (16) und das Auslassventil (18) ausgestoßen werden kann.
  2. Spaltvorrichtung (10), insbesondere zur Unterstützung des Ausschachtens von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten Ventile (11) über einen Krümmer (12) miteinander verbunden sind, der wiederum mit dem seitlichen Einlass (13) des besagten Venturi-Rohrs (14) verbunden ist.
  3. Spaltvorrichtung (10), insbesondere zur Unterstützung des Ausschachtens von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner ein Kolbenventil (23) umfasst. Der Wassereinlass ist stromaufwärts angeordnet und mit einem beweglichen Hebel (25) und einer Feder versehen, mit welcher der bewegliche Hebel (25) automatisch in die geschlossene Stellung zurückgebracht wird.
  4. Verfahren zum Ausschachten von Steinblöcken, die folgenden Schritte umfassend:
    - Einsetzen eines oder mehrerer Spaltpolster (1) in eine zwischen einem Berg (A) und einer Böschung (B) erzeugte Öffnung durch Schneiden in die Böschung (B);
    - Aufblasen eines oder mehrerer der besagten Spaltkissen (1), wodurch die besagte Öffnung vergrößert und die Spitze der Böschung (B) vom Berg (A) wegbewegt wird;
    - Abstützen der Böschung (B);
    - Ablassen von Luft aus einem oder mehreren der besagten Spaltkissen (1) und dadurch eines oder mehrere der besagten Spaltkissen (1) in diese Öffnung hinein abzusenken;
    Die Schritte des Aufblasens, Abstützens und Ablassens der Luft werden wiederholt, bis die gewünschte Breite der besagten Öffnung erreicht ist;
    Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser zum Aufpumpen des besagten eines oder der mehreren Spaltkissen verwendet wird,
    und das Aufpumpen und Ablassen erfolgt mittels einer Spaltvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1.
  5. Verfahren zur Ausschachtung von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Schritte des Aufblasens, Abstützens und Ablassens wiederholt werden, bis das eine oder die mehreren Spaltpolster (1) eine Tiefe nahe dem Schwerpunkt der Böschung (B) erreichen.
  6. Verfahren zur Ausschachtung von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei nach Erreichen der gewünschten Breite der besagten Öffnung oder der Tiefe nahe dem Schwerpunkt der Böschung (B) ein letzter Schritt folgt von:
    - Aufblasen des einen oder der mehreren Spaltpolster (1) bis zum Bruch.
  7. Verfahren zur Ausschachtung von Steinblöcken nach einem der Ansprüche 4-6, wobei die besagten Spaltpolster (1) übereinander gelegt sind, um ein Mehrfachpolster zu bilden.
  8. Verfahren zur Ausschachtung von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 7, wobei das besagte Mehrfachkissen ein Doppel- oder Dreifachkissen ist.
  9. Verfahren zur Ausschachtung von Steinblöcken nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei das besagte Mehrfachkissen durch das Zusammenkleben von zwei oder mehr Spaltpolstern (1) an den entsprechenden Metallblechen (1', 1") erhalten wird.
EP20216155.0A 2019-12-19 2020-12-21 Spreizvorrichtung, insbesondere zur unterstützung beim abbau von steinblöcken und verfahren zum abbau von steinblöcken Active EP3838532B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000024727A IT201900024727A1 (it) 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 Dispositivo di ausilio nello sbancamento di blocchi lapidei e procedimento per lo sbancamento di blocchi lapidei.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3838532A1 EP3838532A1 (de) 2021-06-23
EP3838532B1 true EP3838532B1 (de) 2023-09-06

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EP20216155.0A Active EP3838532B1 (de) 2019-12-19 2020-12-21 Spreizvorrichtung, insbesondere zur unterstützung beim abbau von steinblöcken und verfahren zum abbau von steinblöcken

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3838532B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2964782T3 (de)
IT (1) IT201900024727A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964551A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-06-22 Reed Tool Company Pneumatic impact drilling tool
US6305753B1 (en) * 1999-03-04 2001-10-23 Casiano Glenie Rodrigues Hydraulic expansion tube
CN2888073Y (zh) * 2006-04-26 2007-04-11 廖原时 开采石材矿用的气压顶推袋
IT1391826B1 (it) * 2008-09-08 2012-01-27 Eurovinil Spa Metodo e dispositivo per ribaltare in cava blocchi lapidei
CN204716242U (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-10-21 北京旭日汇安矿山工程技术有限公司 用于裂石设备的能量分配器
IT201600097491A1 (it) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-28 Technotrade S R L Sistema di rinforzo per cuscini di divaricazione e di ribaltamento di bancate lapidee

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EP3838532A1 (de) 2021-06-23
ES2964782T3 (es) 2024-04-09
IT201900024727A1 (it) 2021-06-19

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