EP3835579A1 - Compresseur et procédé de transport et de compression d'un fluide de transport dans un système cible - Google Patents

Compresseur et procédé de transport et de compression d'un fluide de transport dans un système cible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3835579A1
EP3835579A1 EP20206898.7A EP20206898A EP3835579A1 EP 3835579 A1 EP3835579 A1 EP 3835579A1 EP 20206898 A EP20206898 A EP 20206898A EP 3835579 A1 EP3835579 A1 EP 3835579A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
piston
pressure
fluid
compressor
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Granted
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EP20206898.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3835579B1 (fr
Inventor
Phil Degenhardt
Michael Bierwisch
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MAXIMATOR GmbH
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MAXIMATOR GmbH
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Publication of EP3835579A1 publication Critical patent/EP3835579A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/12—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/008—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being a fluid transmission link
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0022—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons piston rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0027—Pulsation and noise damping means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressor according to the features in the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for conveying and compressing a conveying fluid in a target system with such a compressor.
  • Compressors often also called compressors, increase the pressure of gaseous fluids in one or more stages and are designed, among other things, as piston compressors.
  • a piston compressor increases the pressure by reducing the working space.
  • Such compressors are known in various designs in the prior art, for example from the brochure "Compressors" as of 11/2007 from Maximator GmbH.
  • the DE 10 2018 109 443 A1 discloses a compressor device and method.
  • the compression device has at least one compression space in each compression cylinder for a gas.
  • the at least one compression cylinder is spatially separated from the at least two drive cylinders by a distance.
  • the technological background includes a pneumatic circulation pump of the piston type as in the CN 103062011 A described.
  • the compressors are tried and tested. Compression takes place using the piston compressor principle, in which the pressure ratio is determined by the ratio of the area of the drive piston to the area of the high-pressure piston.
  • the high pressure is built up in one or more high pressure cylinders. If the high-pressure piston moves out of the pressure cylinder, a negative pressure is created and the suction valve allows the delivery fluid to flow in.
  • the delivery fluid is the gaseous fluid to be delivered and compressed by the compressor, for example argon, helium, hydrogen or nitrogen. If the high-pressure piston moves into the pressure cylinder, the conveying fluid that has flowed in is compressed. The suction valve closes and the pressure valve opens.
  • the transmission ratio can be almost doubled by doubling the drive area.
  • two drive pistons are installed and a greater pressure can be generated. This becomes necessary when the drive pressure is nominally insufficient to generate the desired target pressure or final pressure based on the transmission ratio.
  • the compressor is designed according to the maximum operating pressure.
  • compressors with two drive parts are often used, the first drive part having a first drive piston displaceable in a first drive chamber and the second drive part having a second drive piston displaceable in a second drive chamber.
  • the first drive piston and the second drive piston can each be acted upon alternately with a drive fluid in a controlled manner via a control unit.
  • the first drive piston, the second drive piston and the high pressure piston are coupled via a piston rod arrangement and can be moved together.
  • the invention is therefore based on the task of creating an operationally efficient compressor in which the consumption of drive fluid is reduced while maintaining the performance and to show a rational and more cost-effective method for conveying and compressing a conveying fluid in a target system.
  • the second drive part is assigned a second control unit, which is connected downstream of the first control unit.
  • the application of drive fluid to the second drive piston can be switched on via the second control unit, it being possible to switch on the application of drive fluid to the second drive piston as a function of an actual pressure in a target system on the high pressure side of the at least one first high pressure part.
  • the invention creates a double-stage reciprocating compressor in which the previously high or increased consumption of drive fluid is reduced and yet the power of the two-stage reciprocating compressor is used.
  • Double stage means that the compressor has two drive parts with two drive pistons and at least one high-pressure part. It is particularly advantageous to use a double-acting compressor which has two drive parts and two high-pressure parts, the drive pistons of the two drive parts and the high-pressure pistons of the two high-pressure parts being coupled together via a piston rod arrangement.
  • Pilot valves are built into the compressor arrangement.
  • the pilot valves are used to switch the end positions through the drive piston.
  • the pilot valves are actuated in the end positions by the drive piston and transmit control pulses to a control slide.
  • the pilot valves pressurize and deflate the actuation chamber of the control slide. In this way, the control slide is pushed from one end position to the other.
  • the control slide is part of the first control unit.
  • the control spool is an internally controlled four-two-way valve.
  • the control slide is used to alternately apply drive fluid to the top and bottom of the drive piston. This is usually compressed air.
  • the control spool is controlled via the pilot valves and ensures that the drive medium or drive air reaches the opposite side of the drive piston.
  • the drive parts are used to receive the drive medium and actuate the high-pressure piston or pistons of the compressor via a piston rod and thus compress the respective delivery fluid to a higher pressure.
  • a compressor head with inlet and outlet valves is assigned to the high-pressure part or the high-pressure parts of the compressor.
  • the compressor head closes the compression chamber, i.e. the pressure cylinder of the high-pressure part, and separates it spatially from the ambient pressure.
  • the compressor head contains the inlet and outlet valves. The delivery fluid to be compressed enters the compression chamber of the compressor and out again through these inlet and outlet valves.
  • the high-pressure part or parts of the compressor are used to compress the respective delivery fluid.
  • the high pressure part essentially consists of the Pressure cylinder, the compressor head with inlet and outlet valves and the high pressure piston with sealing and guide elements.
  • the supply of the second drive part can be switched on and off via a switching logic.
  • the invention adopts the knowledge that over two thirds of the conveying and compression process not both drive chambers are necessary for conveying and compressing the conveying fluid. Only after a certain actual pressure in the target system on the high pressure side is the second drive part switched on and the second drive piston charged with drive fluid. This is usually only necessary in the last third of the compression process in order to build up or achieve the desired final pressure. Switching takes place depending on the pressure. If there is an equilibrium of forces between the drive pressure in relation to the final pressure, the second drive piston in the second drive part is switched on and the compressor can continue to compress the delivery fluid until the target pressure is reached.
  • the constant connection between the two drive chambers is interrupted.
  • the compressor In a first compression stage, the compressor is initially operated with only one drive chamber. If necessary, the second drive chamber is switched on.
  • the second control unit is connected downstream of the first control unit.
  • the first control unit and the second control unit are integrated in a control unit which controls the system or the compressor and the method in such a way that all operations are carried out in a chronological and logical sequence.
  • the second control unit has two three-way valves.
  • each three-way valve has an outlet and a silencer connected downstream of this.
  • the Silencers are used to remove the expanding drive medium from the compressor with reduced noise. After the work is done, the drive medium exits the compressor via the silencer.
  • the additional sound absorbers which are connected downstream of the two three-way valves, provide sound absorption in both compression stages of the compressor.
  • the compressor according to the invention has two drive parts. These are usually powered by compressed air.
  • the compressor is particularly advantageous for a wide variety of applications such as filling processes, testing processes, transferring processes or emptying processes.
  • the switching logic provided according to the invention can be implemented manually, pneumatically or electrically.
  • Manual valves are installed when the second control unit is operated manually. For the compression process, this means that the compressor runs with the first drive piston until the drive piston comes to a standstill due to an equilibrium of forces on the drive side and on the high pressure side (standstill pressure). Then, for example, a ball valve is used to switch to the two-piston drive, i.e. the second drive chamber and the second drive piston located therein are supplied with drive fluid in addition to the first drive piston.
  • the second control unit When the second control unit is pneumatically operated, it has pneumatically operated valves. These can be controlled via pressure switches so that, depending on the operating pressure, it is possible to switch between the single-piston drive and the two-piston drive.
  • Electrically controllable valves are installed for the electrical actuation of the second control unit. These can also be retrofitted in existing programmable logic controllers.
  • the system includes integrated pressure transducers whose information is used to switch between single-piston drive and two-piston drive in a programmable manner. Switching pressures are stored in the programmable logic controller and the compressor is switched to efficient mode via solenoid valves.
  • the method according to the invention for conveying and compressing a conveying fluid in a target system uses a compressor according to the invention.
  • the supply of the individual drive chambers or the drive pistons arranged there with drive fluid is switched on or off via the switching logic provided according to the invention.
  • the first drive piston of the first drive part is acted upon with drive fluid and conveyed fluid is conveyed into the target system until there is an equilibrium of forces on the drive side and on the high pressure side.
  • the second drive part is switched on in a second compression stage and the second drive piston is acted upon with drive fluid in addition to the first drive piston and conveyed fluid is conveyed into the target system until a target pressure or the desired final pressure is reached.
  • the conveying and compression of a conveying fluid in a target system can be, for example, a process of transferring or filling a gaseous fluid into a container, for example into a pressurized gas container. But it can also be the supply of internal gas pressure systems or test and control units for compressed air and gases as well as systems for filling airbag gas containers.
  • a target system can also be a test bench for pressure tests.
  • the invention uses the drive of the compressor via a drive piston during approximately two thirds of a transfer or filling process. This is the first level of compression.
  • all drive pistons both the one in the first drive part and the one in the second drive part, are used for the remaining part of the transferring or filling process, i.e. the conveyance and compression of the conveying fluid into one Target system on the target pressure and the target flow rate.
  • Air or compressed air is used as the drive fluid.
  • the consumption of drive fluid can be reduced by up to 40%.
  • a reduction in the filling time for conveying and compressing the conveying fluid into the target system can also be reduced by up to 20%.
  • Existing compressors can also be converted or retrofitted and equipped according to the invention with little effort. By reducing the consumption of drive fluids as well as reducing process times, operating costs can be reduced and there are both economic and ecological advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is technically schematized the principle of a compressor arrangement with a compressor 1 shown for conveying and compressing a conveying fluid (arrow FF) in a target system 2.
  • the target system 2 is a target container.
  • the delivery fluid FF is provided in a source system 3 in the form of a source container.
  • the compressor 1 is driven by a drive fluid (arrow AF). This is compressed air.
  • the drive fluid AF is with a drive pressure pL provided and supplied to the compressor 1.
  • the compressor 1 compresses the delivery fluid FF to an operating pressure pB and transfers the delivery fluid FF into the target system 2.
  • a shut-off element 4 and a check valve 5 are integrated into the compressor arrangement.
  • the compressor 1 has a first drive part 6 and a second drive part 7 as well as a high-pressure part 8.
  • the compressor 1 works on the principle of a pressure booster. Further details of a compressor 1 are based on FIG Figure 2 explained.
  • the compressor 1 has a first drive part 6 and a second drive part 7 as well as a first high pressure part 8 and a second high pressure part 9.
  • the first drive part 6 has a first drive chamber 10 with a first drive piston 11 which can be displaced longitudinally therein.
  • the second drive part 7 has a second drive chamber 12 with a second drive piston 13 that can be displaced longitudinally therein.
  • the first high-pressure part 8 has a first pressure cylinder 14 with a first high-pressure piston 15 that can be displaced therein.
  • the second high-pressure part 9 has a second pressure cylinder 16 with a second high-pressure piston 17 which can be displaced therein.
  • the first drive piston 11 and the second drive piston 13 as well as the two high-pressure pistons 15 and 17 are coupled via a piston rod arrangement 18 and can be displaced together in the axial direction.
  • the piston rod arrangement 18 comprises piston rods 19, 20 and 21.
  • the piston rod 19 is integrated between the first drive piston 11 and the second drive piston 13.
  • the piston rod 20 connects the first drive piston 11 and the first high pressure piston 15.
  • the piston rod 21 connects the second drive piston 13 and the second high pressure piston 17.
  • the piston rods 19, 20, 21 of the piston rod arrangement 18 extend in alignment along a common longitudinal axis LA.
  • the first drive chamber 10 and the second drive chamber 12 are separated by a central wall 22.
  • the two high-pressure parts 8 and 9 are each flanged to the end walls 23 and 24 of the first drive part 6 and of the second drive part 7, respectively.
  • the piston rod 19 passes through an opening 25 in the central wall 22 and is guided there.
  • the piston rods 20, 21 pass through openings 26 and 27 in the end walls 23 and 24, respectively.
  • the high pressure parts 8 and 9 or their pressure cylinders 14, 16 each have an in the end face Figure 2 Compressor head 28, 29 shown only hinted at.
  • a compressor head 28, 29 closes the compression space located in the pressure cylinders 14, 16 and separates it spatially from the ambient pressure.
  • Each compressor head 28, 29 includes an inlet valve 30 and an outlet valve 31.
  • the first drive piston 11 and the second drive piston 13 can each be acted upon alternately with drive fluid AF in a controlled manner via a first control unit 32.
  • the control unit 32 comprises a control slide in the form of a four-two-way valve 33.
  • the supply of drive fluid AF with an operating pressure pL takes place via a connection 34.
  • the discharge of expanded working fluid AF takes place via an outlet 35 and a silencer 36 connected downstream of it .
  • a second control unit 37 is assigned to the second drive part 7.
  • the second control unit 37 is connected downstream of the first control unit 32.
  • the application of the drive fluid AF to the second drive chamber 12 and the second drive piston 13 can be switched on or off via the second control unit 37.
  • the second control unit 37 is designed to separately interrupt or switch on the supply of the second drive chamber 12 with drive fluid AF in a controlled manner.
  • the compressor 1 can thus be operated with only the first drive chamber 10. If necessary, the second Drive chamber 12 switched on.
  • the application of the drive fluid AF to the second drive piston 13 can be switched on as a function of an actual pressure pB is in the target system 2 on the high pressure side HS of the high pressure part or parts 8, 9.
  • the second control unit 37 has two three-way valves 38, 39.
  • the three-way valves 38, 39 each have an outlet 40 with an integrated or downstream silencer 41.
  • the control slide or the four-two-way valve 33 of the first control unit 32 is connected via a line path 42 to the part of the first drive chamber 10 on the top side 43 of the first drive piston 11 facing the first high-pressure piston 15.
  • a line path 44 connects the four-two-way valve 33 to the part of the first drive chamber 10 on the underside 45 of the first drive piston 11.
  • the first three-way valve 38 is connected to the line path 42 via a line path 46 and via a Line path 47 is connected to the part of the second drive chamber 12 on the underside 48 of the second drive piston 13.
  • the second three-way valve 39 is connected to the power path 44 via a line path 49 and connected to the part of the second drive chamber 12 on the upper side 51 of the second drive piston 13 via a line path 50.
  • the compressor 1 In a first compression stage, the compressor 1 is operated in single-piston operation. This means that the first drive chamber 10 and the first drive piston 11 of the first drive part 6 are acted upon with drive fluid AF.
  • the control slide or the four-two-way valve 33 directs the drive fluid AF alternately to the upper side 43 and the lower side 45 of the first drive piston 11.
  • the drive fluid AF flows from the connection 34 with the drive pressure pL through the four-two-way valve.
  • Valve 33 according to the arrows P1, P2 on the upper side 43 of the first drive piston 11.
  • the four-two-way valve 33 is located in the in Figure 3 switching position shown.
  • the first drive piston 11 moves in the first drive part 6 to the right in the plane of the drawing. With this, the piston rod arrangement 18 and the second drive piston 13 as well as the first high pressure piston 15 and the second high pressure piston 17 are displaced.
  • the first high-pressure piston 15 of the first high-pressure part 8 executes a suction stroke, the inlet valve 30 opens and the conveying fluid FF to be conveyed and compressed flows into the first pressure cylinder 14.
  • a pressure stroke is carried out.
  • the inlet valve 30 in the compressor head 29 is closed.
  • the delivery fluid FF located in the second pressure cylinder 16 is compressed by the displacement of the second high pressure piston 17, the outlet valve 31 is opened and the compressed delivery fluid FF flows on the high pressure side HS into the target system 2.
  • the feed line of delivery fluid FF via the inlet valves 30 is in the Figures 2 to 6 each indicated by the arrows IN.
  • the discharge of the compressed delivery fluid FF on the high pressure side HS and the transfer to a target system 2 are indicated by the arrows OUT.
  • air can be diverted from the first drive chamber 10 via the four-two-way valve 33 and the outlet 35 with a downstream silencer 36 in accordance with the arrows P3.
  • the two three-way valves 38, 39 are open towards the outlet 40, so that when the first drive piston 11 and the second drive piston 13 are displaced, air according to the arrows P4 from the second drive chamber 12 and the three-way valves 38, 39 can be derived.
  • a pilot valve (not shown here) opens.
  • the pilot valve belongs to the first control unit 32.
  • the drive fluid AF reaches the control slide of the control unit 32 and switches the four-two-way valve 33 to the opposite switching position ( Figure 4 ).
  • Drive fluid AF now flows according to the arrows P5, P6 onto the underside 45 of the first drive piston 11.
  • the drive piston 11 as well as the second drive piston 13 and the first high pressure piston 15 and the second high pressure piston 17 move to the opposite side in the plane of the drawing Figure 4 to the left.
  • the pressure stroke is now carried out in the first high-pressure part 8.
  • air located in the first drive chamber 10 can escape via the four-two-way valve 33 and the outlet 35 as well as the silencer 36 according to the arrows P7.
  • the second drive chamber 12 is ventilated via the three-way valves 38, 39 so that air can escape according to the arrows P8.
  • delivery fluid FF is delivered from the source system 3 until there is an equilibrium of forces on the drive side and on the high pressure side HS.
  • the compressor 1 is operated over two thirds of the filling process via the first drive part 6 and the first drive piston 11. The entire force of the two drive pistons 11 and 13 is only required in the last third of the delivery and compression process.
  • the second drive part 7 is switched on and the second drive piston 13 is additionally acted upon with drive fluid AF as a function of the actual pressure pB ist that results from an equilibrium of forces on the drive side and on the high pressure side HS.
  • the compressor 1 then runs in two-piston operation and conveys and compresses the delivery fluid FF into the target system 2 until the target pressure pZ is reached.
  • Both the first control unit 32 and the second control unit 37 switch over and working fluid AF can, as in FIG Figure 6 shown, flow according to the arrows P13, P14 and P15, P16 on the bottom 45 of the first drive piston 11 and the top 51 of the second drive piston 13 and the arrangement of the first drive piston 11 and second drive piston 13 and first high pressure piston 15 and second high pressure piston 17 in Image plane of the Figure 6 move left. Air can escape from the system via the arrows P17 and P18.
  • the compressor 1 In the first compression stage, the compressor 1 is operated only via the first drive part 6. In this way, the consumption of drive fluid AF can be reduced.
  • the second drive part 7 Only in the second compression stage is the second drive part 7 switched on in order to achieve the desired final pressure or target pressure pZ in the compression process. Switching takes place in response to an actual pressure pB is on the high side HS. Particularly with large container volumes and low inlet pressures, a very high potential for savings is possible in terms of consumption costs for drive fluid AF and also the filling time.
  • the connection pressure that is to say the pressure at which the second drive part 7 is connected, under otherwise identical conditions, the priority can be placed on the filling time or the consumption costs for drive fluid AF in a certain area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
EP20206898.7A 2019-12-09 2020-11-11 Compresseur et procédé de transport et de compression d'un fluide de transport dans un système cible Active EP3835579B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019133576.0A DE102019133576B3 (de) 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Kompressor und Verfahren zur Förderung und Verdichtung eines Förderfluids in ein Zielsystem

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EP3835579A1 true EP3835579A1 (fr) 2021-06-16
EP3835579B1 EP3835579B1 (fr) 2022-06-22

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CN115681074B (zh) * 2022-10-14 2023-11-14 西安交通大学 双活塞两级增压多孔介质高效换热式离子液体压缩机

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DE102019133576B3 (de) 2020-12-17
US11428217B2 (en) 2022-08-30
EP3835579B1 (fr) 2022-06-22

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