EP3833972A1 - Method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for its implementation - Google Patents

Method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for its implementation

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Publication number
EP3833972A1
EP3833972A1 EP19761723.6A EP19761723A EP3833972A1 EP 3833972 A1 EP3833972 A1 EP 3833972A1 EP 19761723 A EP19761723 A EP 19761723A EP 3833972 A1 EP3833972 A1 EP 3833972A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
transparent optical
optical cylinder
impulse
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19761723.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander KRAVCOV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3833972A1 publication Critical patent/EP3833972A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/008—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means by using ultrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654—Imaging
    • G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/225—Supports, positioning or alignment in moving situation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2462—Probes with waveguides, e.g. SAW devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/341—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics
    • G01N29/343—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics pulse waves, e.g. particular sequence of pulses, bursts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/263—Surfaces
    • G01N2291/2632—Surfaces flat

Definitions

  • a change in transverse spreading is achieved by regulating the cross-section of the beam of ultrasonic impulses, given by the waveguide height and by increasing the longitudinal resolution through increasing the signal/noise ratio while simultaneously increasing the number of impulses from which is determined the average value of laser work in the periodic impulse transmission mode.
  • a further advantage is that due to the ability of the material on the surface layer of the material to be tested to generate ultrasonic impulses due to the absorption of laser radiation and to consequent unstable thermal expansion, the portion of the material covered by a wide spot of light, formed on the surface layer, the incident beam of light beam becomes the radiation emitter. Thereby, in the given area, two ultrasonic impulses are produced, which spread on opposite sides, as described above.
  • the first ultrasonic impulse is spread backward into the transparent optical cylinder in a direction along its axis.
  • the ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 is connected to a preamplifier which is connected to an A/D converter that is connected to the evaluation device 29.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to which, firstly by a laser impulse source (5) at least one laser impulse is formed, which is subsequently converted into a band of beams (6) of light which enters the transparent optical cylinder (3) and is directed through this to the layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked which absorbs it, when are produced at least two directionally different ultrasonic impulses (11,13), of which at least one initial ultrasonic impulse (11) is spread back into the transparent optical cylinder (3) and is received by the ultrasonic signal receiver (12), and at least one secondary ultrasonic impulse (13) spreads to the material (8) to be checked where it is scattered by its in homogeneity (26), generating a group (17) of reflected ultrasonic impulses that are returned in the direction of the transparent optical cylinder (3), and subsequently with a certain time delay (P) are received by the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12). A device for the non-destructive checking of materials (8) comprising a transparent optical cylinder (3) with its bottom side (32) arranged on the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked on the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) a head (2) is arranged which includes an expansion lens, and where the head (2) is connected to a source (5) of laser impulses, while arranged on the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) is an ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) simultaneously connected to the evaluating device (29).

Description

Method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for its implementation
Technical field
The invention relates to a method for the non-destructive checking of materials, specifically to a non-destructive method for checking solid materials as well as solid laminates and, to the device for implementing this.
State of the Art
A variety of methods and devices for the non-destructive checking of the internal structure of solid materials are currently known.
From patent document RU 2232983 a device is known for checking the mechanical properties of a material under load, which comprises a pulsed laser which is connected to an optical-acoustic transducer by optical fiber, as well as piezoelectric pulse receivers connected to an A/D converter connected to a PC where one piezoelectric receiver is located between the optical-acoustic transducer and the object to be tested, and the other is located on the opposite side of the object to be tested. The drawback of this device is the need to access the object to be tested from both sides. Specifically, for example, in order to investigate the condition of solar panels, this device cannot be used because on the panels’ underside there is an anchoring system, a power collecting device with its controls, and if the panels are mounted on the roofs of buildings, access to their internal structure from behind is not possible without completely dismantling them.
From another patent document RU 2545348, a method for laser and ultrasonic checking of solid materials is known, which makes it possible to examine objects while providing access to them from one side only. In this process, a beam generated by a pulsed-beam laser, which is connected by optical fiber, on which an expansion lens is installed, is focused on the material to be tested. A piezoelectric receiver is used to receive the reflected signals, according to this method, which is designed as a grid of individual localised piezoelectric elements, each of which is connected to a PC via a signal amplifier and an A/D converter. The piezoelectric receiver is located above the object to be tested on the opposite side of the beam transmitter. The drawback of this method is the excitation of ultrasonic impulses directly within the optical-acoustic generator, which does not allow the wave resistance of the monitored material to be taken into account and leads to additional signal reflections at the interface between the generator and the material.
From another patent document RU 2214590 a method is known for determining the physical-mechanical characteristics of polymer composite materials as well as equipment for its implementation. The method of determining the physical- mechanical characteristics of the materials is that flexible oscillations are induced on the surface of the object being checked by means of a transducer. These oscillations cross the object and their reflected echo signals are received on the same surface. According to the parameters of the received signal, the porosity, density and mechanical properties of the material of the product being monitored are then determined. This method makes it possible to detect the hidden defects of largesized objects with a complex structure under conditions of limited access to these objects. However, measuring the characteristics of a material according to the noise components of a backward- scattered audio signal only allows their integral characteristics to be established without providing information about the size of the defect and the depth at which it is located.
From the above-mentioned current technology, a whole range of disadvantages are known, with the most significant disadvantage being that there is no device which, when accessed from one side of the material being checked, can accurately locate the position and size of an inhomogeneity or defect within the internal structure of the material being tested.
The object of the present invention is to construct a device and devise a non-destructive material inspection method that allows simple, one-sided and highly accurate non-destructive checking of the internal structures of solid materials.
Principle of the invention
The above-mentioned drawbacks are largely eliminated and the object of the invention is fulfilled by a method for the non-destructive checking of materials, specifically to a non-destructive method for checking the internal structures of materials, and for determining their faults whose principle, according to the invention, is that firstly the source of laser impulses makes at least one laser impulse, which is fed into the expansion lens head by means of an optical cable, inside which the laser impulse is arranged in the form of a beam of light which enters the upper side of the transparent optical cylinder and is directed to the bottom side of the transparent optical cylinder opposite which is mounted, on the upper side of the transparent optical cylinder, an ultrasonic signal receiver, the light beam then subsequently enters the surface layer of the material being tested which absorbs it, producing at least two directionally different ultrasound impulses which spread on opposite sides, with this at least one of the initial ultrasonic impulses spreading back into the transparent optical cylinder and being received by the ultrasonic signal receiver, with this first ultrasonic impulse being taken as a reference, and at least one of the secondary ultrasonic impulses spreading into the material being tested, and after being reflected from its lower surface, the material being tested scatters in relation to its inhomogeneity, resulting in a plurality of reflected ultrasonic impulses which return back in the direction of the transparent optical cylinder and are subsequently received with a certain time delay (P) by the ultrasonic impulse receiver, with the beam of light producing a spot of light on the surface of the material being tested which has the same diameter as the ultrasonic impulse receiver, while the ultrasonic impulse receiver and the spot of light have the same axis. The advantage of the above-mentioned method is that it allows for simple testing of the state of the internal structures of materials, particularly of materials having a heterogeneous structure that intensely absorb light rays, while allowing testing of high accuracy and reliability to detect hidden defects even under conditions of restricted access to the object being monitored. It is to advantage that very short ultrasonic impulses occurring in the heterogeneous environment of the surface layer of the object being monitored have, from the view of time, a repeating time curve of the laser impulse intensity which only changes when the original laser impulse is changed. A change in transverse spreading is achieved by regulating the cross-section of the beam of ultrasonic impulses, given by the waveguide height and by increasing the longitudinal resolution through increasing the signal/noise ratio while simultaneously increasing the number of impulses from which is determined the average value of laser work in the periodic impulse transmission mode. A further advantage is that due to the ability of the material on the surface layer of the material to be tested to generate ultrasonic impulses due to the absorption of laser radiation and to consequent unstable thermal expansion, the portion of the material covered by a wide spot of light, formed on the surface layer, the incident beam of light beam becomes the radiation emitter. Thereby, in the given area, two ultrasonic impulses are produced, which spread on opposite sides, as described above.
With a view to the design simplicity of the device for applying this method and in order to achieve maximum accuracy, it is to advantage if the first ultrasonic impulse is spread backward into the transparent optical cylinder in a direction along its axis.
Furthermore, it is to great advantage if the first ultrasonic impulse and the group of reflected ultrasonic impulses received by the ultrasonic impulse receiver are converted to digital format and subsequently sent to an evaluation device which is run using evaluation software, with respect to the length of the time delay (P) between the first ultrasonic impulse and individual impulses of the reflected ultrasonic impulse group, and based on the phase and amplitude of each of the reflected ultrasonic impulses, the dimensions and locations of the individual inhomogeneities that are in the material structure are determined. The advantage is that it is possible to highly accurately determine the locations and dimensions of individual inhomogeneities and with this, material defects as well.
Again, the advantage is that this makes it possible to construct a structurally simple and highly precise device for applying this method. It follows from the above that only the part of the reflected signals that pass through the central part of the optical cylinder is taken into account, and therefore the ultrasonic impulse receiver is aligned in a single axis with the area of ultrasonic impulses, most preferably perpendicular to the surface of the object to be monitored.
Furthermore, it is to advantage that the transparent optical cylinder moves along the surface of the material to be tested. This allows a gradual check of all parts of the internal structure of the object to be checked.
Furthermore, it is very advantageous if the dimensions and locations of individual inhomogeneities of the material structure are subsequently displayed in the form of two and three-dimensional maps. This is very advantageous in regards to evaluating the type of inhomogeneity and also the type of possible structural defect of the material to be tested or the laminated object.
From the viewpoint of simplifying the implementation of the checking, it is also very advantageous if the surface layer of the material to be checked is provided with a layer of gel. This allows simple and smooth movement of the transparent optical cylinder over the material to be tested. Furthermore, the above-mentioned drawbacks are largely eliminated and the object of the invention is fulfilled by a device for the non-destructive checking of materials, in particular by a device for the non-destructive checking of the internal structures of a material and the detection of their defects, for carrying out the above- mentioned method of non-destructive testing of materials, which, according to the invention, comprises a transparent optical cylinder which is arranged on the underside of the surface of the material to be tested, and on the upper side of the transparent optical cylinder a head is arranged comprising an expansion lens and is connected to a laser impulse source, where at the upper side of the transparent optical cylinder there is likewise an ultrasonic impulse receiver equipped with an evaluating device, the ultrasonic impulse receiver having a diameter which is identical to the diameter of the beam of light coming out of the head at the place of their passage through the lower side of the transparent optical cylinder. The advantage is a simple design allowing for high precision checking.
Preferably, the ultrasonic impulse receiver is arranged on the axis at the lower side of the transparent optical cylinder to intersect with the axis of the beam of light emanating from the head. The advantage is the simplicity of setting individual parts of the device structure, which ensures easily achieved highly accurate checking.
It is also advantageous if the ultrasonic impulse receiver has a diameter identical to the diameter of the beam of light rays emanating from the head at the point where they pass through the lower part of the transparent optical cylinder. This again simplifies construction and improves results of the checking.
Furthermore, it is to advantage if the head is arranged on a flat surface and set obliquely to the plane of the upper side of the transparent optical cylinder. The tilt of the flat surface is selected with respect to the height of the transparent optical cylinder so that the band of light impulses is best directed to the axis of the bottom side of the transparent optical cylinder.
It is also to advantage if the ultrasonic impulse receiver is a piezoelectric signal receiver with a wide bandwidth of 300 kHz-30 MHz.
In an advantageous embodiment, the ultrasonic impulse receiver is connected to a preamplifier which is connected to an A/D converter that is connected to the evaluation device.
It is also to advantage if the transparent optical cylinder is made of a material with a low ultrasonic attenuation coefficient ranging from 0.01 cm'1 to 0.1 cm 1. To advantage, the transparent optical cylinder is attached to a support for movable touch fit to the surface of the material to be tested. The advantage is the possibility to secure an exact position while checking the entire material to be tested.
In an advantageous embodiment, the transparent optical cylinder is housed in a sleeve which is movably mounted on a transverse guide bar which is movable on an upper guide bar and a lower guide bar. The advantage is the possibility to simply replace a transparent optical cylinder with certain parameters with a cylinder having other parameters.
It is also to advantage if the sleeve is connected to a drive, which is an electric motor with a rack gear mechanism. This design allows simple and accurate movement of the transparent optical cylinder sleeve over the surface of the material to be checked.
Further, it is to advantage that the transparent optical cylinder is mounted perpendicularly on its lower side to the surface layer of the material to be checked. This ensures the highest possible accuracy of the testing results in regard to the simplicity of the design of the entire device.
In an advantageous embodiment, the ultrasonic signal receiver is arranged exactly at the centre of the top of the transparent optical cylinder. Again, this is advantageous in terms of the simplicity of the overall design.
The main advantage of the method and design of the device according to the invention is that it allows simple checking of the state of the inner structure of materials, while simultaneously highly accurately determining the location and size of inhomogeneities, which essentially means highly precise determination of material defects and their locations.
Overview of the Figures
The invention will be further elucidated using drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a front schematic view of the overall arrangement of a non-destructive material checking device, including graphical indication of functional linkages, and Fig. 2 is a side schematic view of a transparent optical cylinder mounted in a support frame and its attachment to the material to be tested. Examples of the Performance of the Invention
According to the method of the non-destructive checking of the internal structures of a material and the detection of its defects (Fig. 1 ), firstly by the laser impulse source 5 a series of individual laser impulses is created, which are routed through the optical cable to the head 2 with the expansion lens. The intensity of the radiation and the duration of the laser impulse are selected in such a way that the amplitude of the pressure and the frequency range of the ultrasonic impulse allows complete passage through the object to be checked with the necessary resolution. The pulse length for semiconductors and metals is determined in such a way that the absorbing layer thickness is not more than 100 nm, and the impulse frequency is determined within a range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz according to the required scanning speed for the material to be checked.
In the head 2 with the expansion lens, the laser impulses are arranged in the form of beams 6 of light, which enters into the upper side 31 of the transparent optical cylinder 3, so that they are directed to the lower side 32 of the transparent optical cylinder 3 provided with an ultrasonic signal receiver 12 , where the beams 6 of light subsequently enter the surface layer 7 of the material 8 to be checked which absorbs them, where each always produce two directionally different ultrasonic impulses 11 13 which spread to the opposite sides thereof in such a way that the first ultrasonic impulse ϋ spreads backward to the transparent optical cylinder 3 in a direction along its axis 10, and is received by the ultrasonic signal receiver 12, this first ultrasonic impulse H being taken as a reference, and the second ultrasonic impulse 13 is spread to the material 8 to be checked, the second ultrasonic impulse 13 as it travels back and forth after being reflected from its lower surface 16, with the material 8 to be checked scattering by its inhomogeneity 26 which may be border 14 of a layer and/or surface 15 of the defects, thus giving rise to a group 17 of reflected ultrasonic impulses which return back in the direction to the transparent optical cylinder 3, and are subsequently received at a certain time delay (P) by the ultrasonic impulse receiver 12.
Scattered pulses which have not reached the receiver 12 are not taken into account. The first ultrasonic impulse JM and the reflected ultrasonic impulse group 17 received by the ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 are converted to digital format and subsequently sent to the evaluation device 29, which runs using evaluation software (SW), with respect to the time delay (P) between the first ultrasonic impulse 11 and the individual impulses of the group 17 of reflected ultrasonic impulses, and on the phases and amplitude of the individual reflected ultrasonic impulses, the dimensions and locations of the individual inhomogeneities 26 that are in the structure of the material 8 are determined.
The evaluation device 29 is a computer in which further analyses are performed.
The bands 6 of light beams form on the surface 7 of the material 8 to be checked spots 9 of light, which have the same diameter as the diameter of the ultrasonic impulse receiver 12, while the ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 and the spots 9 of light have the same axis.
The transparent optical cylinder 3 is continuously moved over the surface of the material 8_to be checked.
Because the spot 9 of light and the receiver 12 have the same diameter and the location and boundaries of the area 20 being tested are known, it is easy to determine by the position of the axis 10 of the transparent optical cylinder 3 and the values obtained, two and three-dimensional maps of the inhomogeneity 26 of the structure of the material 8. The dimensions and locations of the individual inhomogeneities 26 of the structure of the material 8 are subsequently displayed on the screen in the form of two and three dimensional maps.
The surface layer 7 of the material 8 to be checked is provided with a layer of gel.
The device for the non-destructive checking of a material 8 and the detection of its defects (Fig. 1) comprises a transparent optical cylinder 3, with its bottom side 32 arranged on the surface layer 7 of the material 8 to be tested, while on the upper side 31 of the transparent optical cylinder 3 is arranged and a head 2 which comprises an expansion lens and which is connected to the laser impulse source 5, while on the upper side 31 of the transparent optical cylinder 3 is simultaneously arranged an ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 connected by an electrical cable 18 to the evaluation device 29. The ultrasonic pulse receiver 12 is arranged on an axis which, at the bottom side 32 of the transparent optical cylinder 3, intersects with the axis 28 of the beam 6 of light emanating from the head 2
The ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 has a diameter that is identical to the diameter of the beam 6 of light emanating from the head 2 at the place where they pass through the bottom side 32 of the transparent optical cylinder 3.
The head 2 is arranged on the plate 4 set obliquely to the plane 27 of the upper side 31_ of the transparent optical cylinder 3.
The ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 is a piezoelectric receiver with a wide bandwidth of 300 kHz-30 MHz.
The ultrasonic impulse receiver 12 is connected to a preamplifier which is connected to an A/D converter that is connected to the evaluation device 29.
The transparent optical cylinder 3 is made of a material with a low ultrasonic impulse attenuation coefficient of 0.05 cm 1.
The transparent optical cylinder 3 (Fig. 2) is, to the movable touch fit on the surface layer 7 of the material 8 to be checked, attached to the support 19.
The transparent optical cylinder 3 is housed in the sleeve 21 and secured by a means of fixation 22. The sleeve 21 is movably mounted on a transverse guide bar 25 which is movable on the upper guide bar 23 and the lower guide bar 24. The sleeve 21 is connected to a drive 30 which is an electric motor with a rack gear mechanism.
The transparent optical cylinder 3 is arranged with its lower side 32 perpendicular to the surface layer 7 of the material 8 to be checked.
The ultrasonic signal receiver 12 is arranged exactly at the centre of the upper side 31 of the transparent optical cylinder 3.
The device for the non-destructive checking of a material 8 operates in such a way that before the testing begins, tight contact is established between the material 8 to be tested and the transparent optical cylinder 3, and the position of the transparent optical cylinder 3 is determined in the specified coordinate system. Next, subsequent testing of the material 8 to be checked is carried out using the method described above. Industrial Application
The method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for carrying this out according to the invention can be used for non-destructive checking of the internal structures of solid materials, and for detecting their defects, particularly for checking the internal structures of solid laminates such as solar panels.

Claims

Patent Claims
1. A method for the non-destructive checking of materials, in particular a method for the non-destructive checking of the internal structures of solid materials, and for detecting their defects characterised by that firstly by the laser impulse source (5) at least one laser impulse is formed which is led through an optical cable (1) to an extension lens head (2) in which the laser impulse is modified into the form of a beam (6) of light which enters the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) in such a way that it is directed to a location on the lower side (32) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) opposite which is arranged on the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) an ultrasonic signal receiver (12), while the beam (6) of light subsequently enters the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked which absorbs it, thus producing at least two directionally different ultrasound impulses (11 , 13), which spread on opposite sides, with at least one initial ultrasonic pulse (11) spreading backward into the transparent optical cylinder (3) and being received by the ultrasonic receiver (12), while this first ultrasonic impulse (11) is taken as a reference, and at least one secondary ultrasonic impulse (13) spreads to the material (8) to be checked, while this second ultrasonic impulse (13) by passing back and forth after being reflected by its lower surface (16) ), with the material (8) to be checked scattering by its inhomogeneities (26), thus forming a group (17) of reflected ultrasonic impulses which are returned back in the direction of the transparent optical cylinder (3) and are subsequently received with a certain time delay (P) by the receiver (12) of ultrasonic impulses, where the beam (6) of light forms on the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked a spot (9) of light which has the same diameter as the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12), while the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) and the spot (9) of light have the same axis.
2. The method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to claim 1 , characterised by that the first ultrasonic impulse (11) is spread back into the transparent optical cylinder (3) in a direction along its axis (10).
3. The method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by that the first ultrasonic impulse (11) and the group (17) of reflected ultrasonic impulses received by the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) are converted to digital format and subsequently sent to an evaluation device (29) which provide evaluation (SW), with respect to the time delay (P) between the first ultrasonic impulse (11) and the individual pulses of the group (17) of reflected ultrasonic impulses, and the phases and amplitudes of the individual reflected ultrasonic impulses, as well as the dimensions and locations of the individual inhomogeneities (26) that are in the structure of the material (8).
4. The method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by that the transparent optical cylinder (3) is moved over the surface of the material (8) to be checked.
5. The method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by that the dimensions and locations of the individual inhomogeneities (26) of the structure of the material (8) are subsequently displayed in the form of two and three-dimensional maps.
6. The method for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by that the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked is provided with a layer of gel.
7. A device for the non-destructive checking of materials, in particular the device for the non-destructive checking of the internal structures of a material (8) and the detection of its defects, for carrying out a non-destructive material checking method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by that it comprises a transparent optical cylinder (3) with its bottom side (32) arranged on the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked while on the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) a head (2) is arranged which comprises an expanding lens and which is connected to a source (5) of laser impulses while simultaneously arranged on the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) is an ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) connected to the evaluating device (29), while the receiver (12) of the ultrasonic impulses has a diameter which is identical to the diameter of the bands of the beams (6) of light emanating from the head (2) at the place where they pass through the lower side (32) of the transparent optical cylinder (3).
8. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to claim 7, characterised by that the ultrasonic pulse receiver (12) is arranged on an axis which is at the bottom side (32) of the transparent optical cylinder (3) and intersects the axis (28) of the band of beams (6) of light emanating from the head (2).
9. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterised by that the head (2) is arranged on a plate (4) made obliquely to the plane (27) of the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3).
10. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised by that the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) is a piezoelectric signal receiver with a wide bandwidth.
11. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterised by that the ultrasonic impulse receiver (12) is connected to a preamplifier which is connected to an A/D transducer which is connected to the evaluation device (29).
12. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterised by that the transparent optical cylinder (3) is made of a material with a low ultrasonic attenuation coefficient.
13. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterised by that the transparent optical cylinder (3) is made for movable touch fit to the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked and is attached to the support (19).
14. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of Claims 7 to 13, characterised by that the transparent optical cylinder (3) is housed in a sleeve (21) which is movably supported on a transverse guide bar (25) which is movable on the upper guide bar (23) and the lower guide bar (24).
15. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to claim 14, characterised by that the sleeve (21) is connected to a drive (30), which is an electric motor with a rack gear mechanism.
16. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 15, characterised by that the transparent optical cylinder (3) is on its lower side (32) arranged perpendicular to the surface layer (7) of the material (8) to be checked.
17. The device for the non-destructive checking of materials according to any one of claims 7 to 16, characterised by that the ultrasonic signal receiver (12) is arranged precisely at the centre of the upper side (31) of the transparent optical cylinder (3).
EP19761723.6A 2018-08-07 2019-07-30 Method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for its implementation Withdrawn EP3833972A1 (en)

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CZ2018-397A CZ2018397A3 (en) 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 Non-destructive method of inspecting materials and the equipment for it
PCT/CZ2019/000037 WO2020030202A1 (en) 2018-08-07 2019-07-30 Method for the non-destructive checking of materials and the device for its implementation

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WO2021188019A1 (en) * 2020-03-18 2021-09-23 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Моcагротех" Method for inspecting vehicle tyres

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US6128092A (en) * 1999-07-13 2000-10-03 National Research Council Of Canada Method and system for high resolution ultrasonic imaging of small defects or anomalies.
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