EP3833706A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines doppelbindungen enthaltenden polymers als elastomer-vorstufe - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines doppelbindungen enthaltenden polymers als elastomer-vorstufeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3833706A1 EP3833706A1 EP19745625.4A EP19745625A EP3833706A1 EP 3833706 A1 EP3833706 A1 EP 3833706A1 EP 19745625 A EP19745625 A EP 19745625A EP 3833706 A1 EP3833706 A1 EP 3833706A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- anhydride
- mol
- polyether carbonate
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
- C08G64/32—General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide
- C08G64/34—General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide and cyclic ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/02—Aliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/0208—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated
- C08G64/0225—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
- C08G64/0266—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/02—Aliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/0291—Aliphatic polycarbonates unsaturated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/18—Block or graft polymers
- C08G64/186—Block or graft polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/42—Chemical after-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing an organooxysilyl-crosslinked polymer comprising the reaction of a polyether carbonate polyol containing carbon-carbon double bonds with a polysiloxane compound in the presence of a catalyst (A), the polysiloxane compound having at least two Si — H bonds.
- a catalyst A
- Another subject is organooxysilyl-crosslinked polymers obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- EP 2 845 872 A1 discloses a process for the preparation of polyether carbonate polyols with side chains, comprising the steps: (a) introducing a catalyst and: (aa) a suspending agent which does not contain any H-functional groups and / or (a) an H-functional starter compound ; (g) metering in carbon dioxide and at least two alkylene oxides, where these alkylene oxides can be the same or different from the alkylene oxide or alkylene oxides metered in in step ( ⁇ ), the difference in molecular weight of the lightest and heaviest of the alkylene oxides metered in in step (g) being greater than or equal to 24 g / mol and the lightest Alkylene oxide is a C2-C4 alkylene oxide and furthermore, in the event that no H-functional starter compound has been introduced in step (a), step (g) comprises metering in an H-functional starter compound.
- the use of the polyether carbonate polyol as a crosslinkable component within a cross
- Unsaturated polyether carbonate polyols can be cross-linked via their double bonds.
- WO 2015/032645 A1 thus discloses a process for the preparation of mercapto-crosslinked polyether carbonates, polyether carbonate polyols containing double bonds being reacted with polyfunctional mercaptans under the action of initiator compounds.
- Another conceivable cross-linking reaction is the reaction of the unsaturated polyether carbonate polyols with radical initiators.
- their molecular weight which is achievable today is at least a factor of 10 too low. This is particularly the case when the double bonds in the polyurethanes produced therefrom should initially remain intact.
- the polyether carbonate polyols cannot be processed directly on machines used in the production of elastomers, since the polyether carbonate polyols currently available are liquid compounds with high adhesion to metal surfaces.
- elastomers in a two-step process.
- a first step an elastomer precursor is provided which has not yet reacted to form a fixed three-dimensional network and can therefore be processed and in particular shaped on machines.
- the elastomer is then obtained in the subsequent crosslinking step.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing an elastomer precursor in which, regardless of its molecular weight, polyether carbonate polyols which are currently available can be used and in which a good compatibility of the polyether carbonate with fillers can be achieved without a connection via siloxane bridges ,
- the object was achieved according to the invention by a method for producing an organooxysilyl-crosslinked polymer comprising the reaction of a polyether carbonate polyol containing carbon-carbon double bonds with a polysiloxane compound in Presence of a catalyst (A), the polysiloxane compound having at least two Si-H bonds.
- a polysiloxane compound in the sense of the invention is a compound which contains> 2 Si-H groups.
- Preferred compounds are silicone oils with the general formula [R 1 R 2 SiO] n , which contain> 2 Si-H groups.
- the Si-H groups can be contained as terminal groups (a, w-aw polysiloxane compound), can be contained along the siloxane chain or can be bound to side chains.
- the polysiloxane compound is an a-w polysiloxane compound.
- the a-w polysiloxane compound has a structure according to formula (I):
- radicals R 3 and R 4 in the repetition units d and e defined above can occur independently of one another statistically, alternately or in blocks from one another.
- polyether carbonate polyols are also understood to mean polyether carbonate polyols, polyether polyester carbonate polyols and / or polycarbonate polyols.
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing polyether carbonate polyol has a carbon-carbon double bond content of from 0.5% by weight to 17.0% by weight, preferably from 1.0% by weight to 6 , 0% by weight.
- the content of carbon-carbon carbon-carbon double bonds in the polyether carbonate polyol results for the carbon-carbon double bonds containing polyether carbonate polyol as the quotient of the stated double bond content of the polyether carbonate polyols used, given in C2H2 equivalents per mass total mass of the polyether carbonate polyol and is in C2H2 equivalents per mass polyether carbonate polyol specified.
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing polyether carbonate polyol has a CO2 content of 0.5% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 5% by weight to 25% by weight.
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing polyether carbonate polyol is obtainable by addition of an alkylene oxide, at least one carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer and CO2 onto an H-functional starter compound in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst.
- alkylene oxides having 2-45 carbon atoms can be used as alkylene oxides.
- the alkylene oxides having 2 to 45 carbon atoms are, for example, one or more compounds selected from the group comprising ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, 2, 3-butene oxide, 2-methyl-1,2-propene oxide (isobutene oxide), 1 -Pentene oxide, 2,3-pentene oxide, 2-methyl-1,2-butene oxide, 3-methyl-1,2-butene oxide, alkylene oxides of C6-C22 ⁇ -olefins, such as 1-hexene oxide, 2,3-hexene oxide, 3 , 4-hexene oxide, 2-methyl-1,2-pentene oxide, 4-methyl-1,2-pentene oxide, 2-ethyl-1,2-butene oxide, 1-heptene oxide, 1-octene oxide, 1-nonoxide, 1-decene oxide , 1-undecene oxide, 1-do
- Examples of derivatives of glycidol are Phenyl glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether and 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether.
- alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, in particular propylene oxide. If ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used in a mixture, the molar ratio EO / PO is 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably 5:95 to 50:50. If ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are used in a mixture with other unsaturated alkylene oxides, their proportion is 1 to 40 mol%, preferably 2 to 20 mol%
- a DMC (double metal cyanide) catalyst for example, can be used as the catalyst for the preparation of the polyether carbonate polyols according to the invention.
- other catalysts can also be used.
- zinc carboxylates or cobalt-salen complexes can additionally or alternatively be used.
- Suitable zinc carboxylates are, for example, zinc salts of carboxylic acids, in particular dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid or glutaric acid.
- the catalyst is a DMC catalyst.
- the double metal cyanide compounds which can preferably be used in the process according to the invention are the reaction products of water-soluble metal salts and water-soluble metal cyanide salts.
- Double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts for use in the homopolymerization of alkylene oxides are known in principle from the prior art (see, for example, US Pat. Nos. 3,404,109, 3,829,505, 3,941,849 and 5) 158 922).
- DMC catalysts e.g. in US-A 5 470 813, EP-A 700 949, EP-A 743 093, EP-A 761 708, WO 97/40086, WO 98/16310 and WO 00/47649 have a very high activity and enable the production of polyether carbonates at very low catalyst concentrations.
- a typical example are the highly active DMC catalysts described in EP-A 700 949, which, in addition to a double metal cyanide compound (eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III)) and an organic complex ligand (eg / «- / - butanol), also a polyether with a number-average Contain molecular weight greater than 500 g / mol.
- a double metal cyanide compound eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III)
- an organic complex ligand eg / «- / - butanol
- the DMC catalysts which can be used according to the invention are preferably obtained by (1.) in the first step an aqueous solution of a metal salt with the aqueous solution of a metal cyanide salt in the presence of one or more organic complex ligands, e.g. an ether or alcohol,
- the isolated solid is optionally washed with an aqueous solution of an organic complex ligand (e.g. by resuspending and then isolating again by filtration or centrifugation),
- the solid obtained, optionally after pulverization, is dried at temperatures of generally 20-120 ° C. and at pressures generally from 0.1 mbar to normal pressure (1013 mbar),
- the double metal cyanide compounds contained in the DMC catalysts which can be used according to the invention are the reaction products of water-soluble metal salts and water-soluble metal cyanide salts.
- an aqueous zinc chloride solution preferably in excess based on the metal cyanide salt
- potassium hexacyanocobaltate are mixed and then dimethoxyethane (glyme) or ieri-butanol (preferably in excess, based on zinc hexacyanocobaltate) is added to the suspension formed.
- Metal salts suitable for the preparation of the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have a composition of the general formula (II)
- M is selected from the metal cations Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Sr 2+ , Sn 2+ , Pb 2+ and, Cu 2+ , M Zn 2+ is preferred, Fe 2+ , Co 2+ or Ni 2+ ,
- X are one or more (ie different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group of halides (ie fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate and nitrate ;
- M is selected from the metal cations Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Co 3+ and Cr 3+ ,
- X comprises one or more (i.e. different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group consisting of the halides (i.e. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate and nitrate;
- M is selected from the metal cations Mo 4+ , V 4+ and W 4+ ,
- X comprises one or more (ie different) anions, preferably an anion selected from the group of the halides (ie fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate and nitrate ;
- M is selected from the metal cations Mo 6+ and W 6+ ,
- X comprises one or more (i.e. different) anions, preferably anions selected from the group of the halides (i.e. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, oxalate and nitrate;
- halides i.e. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
- hydroxide sulfate
- carbonate cyanate
- thiocyanate thiocyanate
- isocyanate isothiocyanate
- carboxylate oxalate and nitrate
- suitable metal salts are zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc benzoate, zinc nitrate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (II) bromide, iron (II) chloride, iron (III) chloride, cobalt (II) chloride, Cobalt (II) thiocyanate, nickel (II) chloride and nickel (II) nitrate. It Mixtures of different metal salts can also be used.
- Metal cyanide salts suitable for the preparation of the double metal cyanide compounds preferably have a composition of the general formula (VI)
- M ' is selected from one or more metal cations from the group consisting of Fe (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Cr (II), Cr (III), Mn (II), Mn ( III), Ir (III), Ni (II), Rh (III), Ru (II), V (IV) and V (V), M 'is preferably one or more metal cations from the group consisting of Co (II), Co (III), Fe (II), Fe (III), Cr (III), Ir (III) and Ni (II), Y is selected from one or more metal cations from the group consisting of alkali metal (ie Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + ) and alkaline earth metal (ie Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ),
- alkali metal ie Li + , Na + , K + , Rb +
- alkaline earth metal ie Be 2+ ,
- A is selected from one or more anions from the group consisting of flalogenides (ie fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), flydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate, azide, oxalate or nitrate and a, b and c are integer numbers, the values for a, b and c being chosen so that the electroneutrality of the metal cyanide salt is given; a is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4; b is preferably 4, 5 or 6; c preferably has the value 0.
- suitable metal cyanide salts are sodium hexacyanocobaltate (III), potassium hexacyano cobaltate (III), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), calcium hexacyanocobaltate (III) and lithium hexacyanocobaltate (III).
- Preferred double metal cyanide compounds which are contained in the DMC catalysts which can be replaced according to the invention are compounds having compositions of the general formula (VII)
- x, x ’, y and z are integers and chosen so that the electron neutrality of the double metal cyanide compound is given.
- Suitable double metal cyanide compounds a) are zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III), zinc hexacyanoiridate (III), zinc hexacyanoferrate (III) and cobalt (II) hexacyanocobaltate (III). Further examples of suitable double metal cyanide compounds are e.g. US 5 158 922 (column 8, lines 29-66). Zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III) can be used particularly preferably.
- organic complex ligands which can be added in the preparation of the DMC catalysts are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,158,922 (see in particular column 6, lines 9 to 65), US Pat. No. 3,404,109, US Pat. No. 3,829,505, US Pat. No. 3,941,849, EP-A 700 949, EP-A 761 708, JP 4 145 123, US 5 470 813, EP-A 743 093 and WO-A 97/40086).
- water-soluble, organic compounds with heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur which can form complexes with the double metal cyanide compound, are used as organic complex ligands.
- Preferred organic complex ligands are alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, amides, ureas, nitriles, sulfides and mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred organic complex ligands are aliphatic ethers (such as dimethoxyethane), water-soluble aliphatic alcohols (such as ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol), compounds which contain both aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ether groups and aliphatic hydroxyl groups (such as, for example, ethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol mono-methyl ether and 3-methyl-3-oxetane-methanol).
- Highly preferred organic complex ligands are selected from one or more compounds from the group consisting of dimethoxyethane, tert-butanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, ethylene glycol mono- tert-butyl ether and 3-methyl-3-oxetane-methanol.
- One or more complex-forming component (s) from the compound classes of polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyalkylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol glycidyl ethers are optionally used in the production of the DMC catalysts which can be used according to the invention,
- Polyacrylamide poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), polyacrylic acid, poly (acrylic acid-co-maleic acid), polyacrylonitrile, polyalkyl acrylates, polyalkyl methacrylates, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl ethyl ether, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) co-acrylic acid), polyvinyl methyl ketone, poly (4-vinylphenol), poly (acrylic acid-co-styrene), oxazoline polymers, polyalkyleneimines, maleic acid and maleic anhydride copolymers,
- aqueous solutions of the metal salt are used in the first step in a stoichiometric excess (at least 50 mol%) based on the metal cyanide salt.
- metal salt to metal cyanide salt corresponds to at least a molar ratio of metal salt to metal cyanide salt of 2.25 to 1.00.
- the metal cyanide salt for example potassium hexacyanocobaltate
- the organic complex ligand for example tert-butanol
- a suspension being formed which contains the double metal cyanide compound for example zinc hexacyanocobaltate
- water excess metal salt and the organic complex ligand.
- the organic complex ligand can be present in the aqueous solution of the metal salt and / or the metal cyanide salt, or it is added directly to the suspension obtained after precipitation of the double metal cyanide compound. It has proven to be advantageous to mix the aqueous solutions of the metal salt and the metal cyanide salt and the organic complex ligands with vigorous stirring.
- the suspension formed in the first step is then treated with a further complex-forming component.
- the complex-forming component is preferably used in a mixture with water and organic complex ligands.
- a preferred method for carrying out the first step i.e. the preparation of the suspension
- the solid i.e. the catalyst precursor
- the solid can be isolated from the suspension by known techniques such as centrifugation or filtration.
- the isolated solid is then washed in a third process step with an aqueous solution of the organic complex ligand (e.g. by resuspending and then isolating again by filtration or centrifugation).
- an aqueous solution of the organic complex ligand e.g. by resuspending and then isolating again by filtration or centrifugation.
- water-soluble by-products such as potassium chloride
- the amount of the organic complex ligand in the aqueous washing solution is preferably between 40 and 80% by weight, based on the total solution.
- a further complex-forming component preferably in the range between 0.5 and 5% by weight, based on the total solution, is added to the aqueous washing solution in the third step.
- a first washing step (3.-1) it is preferably washed with an aqueous solution of the unsaturated alcohol (for example by resuspending and then isolating again by filtration or centrifugation) in order in this way to, for example, water-soluble by-products such as Potassium chloride to be removed from the catalyst which can be used according to the invention.
- the amount of unsaturated alcohol in the aqueous washing solution is particularly preferably between 40 and 80% by weight, based on the total solution of the first washing step.
- either the first washing step is repeated once or several times, preferably once to three times, or preferably a non-aqueous solution, such as a mixture or solution of unsaturated alcohol and other complex-forming component (preferably in A range between 0.5 and 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the washing solution of step (3.-2), is used as the washing solution and the solid is thus washed once or several times, preferably once to three times.
- a non-aqueous solution such as a mixture or solution of unsaturated alcohol and other complex-forming component (preferably in A range between 0.5 and 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the washing solution of step (3.-2)
- the isolated and optionally washed solid can then be dried, if appropriate after pulverization, at temperatures of 20-100 ° C. and at pressures from 0.1 mbar to normal pressure (1013 mbar).
- At least one H-functional starter compound is also used to prepare the polyether carbonate polyols according to the invention.
- Suitable H-functional starter compounds are compounds with H atoms active for the alkoxylation.
- Groups with active H atoms which are active for the alkoxylation are, for example, -OH, -NH2 (primary amines), -NH- (secondary amines), -SH and -CO2H, -OH and -NH2 are preferred, and -OH is particularly preferred.
- one or more compounds can be selected from the group comprising mono- or polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric amines, polyhydric thiols, amino alcohols, thio alcohols, hydroxy esters, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester ether polyols, polyether carbonate polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polycarbonates, polyethyleneimines, polyether amines (eg so-called Jeffamine ® from Huntsman, such as D-230, D-400, D-2000, T-403, T-3000, T-5000 or corresponding products from BASF, such as polyetheramine D230, D400, D200, T403, T5000), polytetrahydrofurans (e.g.
- PolyTHF ® from BASF such as PolyTHF ® 250, 650S, 1000, 1000S, 1400, 1800, 2000), polytetrahydrofuranamines (BASF product polytetrahydrofuranamine 1700), polyether thiols, polyacrylate polyols, castor oil, the mono or diglyceride of ricinoleic acid , Monoglycerides of fatty acids, chemically modified mono-, di- and / or triglycerides of fatty acids, and C1-C24 alkyl fatty acid esters, which in Contain at least 2 OH groups per molecule.
- Alcohols, amines, thiols and carboxylic acids can be used as monofunctional starter compounds.
- the following can be used as monofunctional alcohols: methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, tert-butanol, 3-buten-1-ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 2-methyl - 3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, propargyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-ieri-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3 -Pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, phenol, 2-hydroxybiphenyl
- amines Possible monofunctional amines are: butylamine, ieri-butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, aniline, aziridine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine.
- Monofunctional thiols which can be used are: ethanethiol, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, 1-butanethiol, 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, 2-butene-l-thiol, thiophenol.
- monofunctional carboxylic acids formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fatty acids such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid.
- Polyhydric alcohols suitable as H-functional starter substances are, for example, dihydric alcohols (such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,4-butynediol, neopentyl glycol, 1 , 5-pentanediol, methylpentanediols (such as 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol), 1,6-hexanediol; 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, bis (hydroxymethyl) - cyclohexanes (such as, for example, 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane), triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, diprop
- the H-functional starter substances can also be selected from the substance class of the polyether polyols, in particular those with a molecular weight M n in the range from 100 to 4000 g / mol. Preference is given to polyether polyols which are composed of repeating ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units, preferably with a proportion of 35 to 100% propylene oxide units, particularly preferably with a proportion of 50 to 100% propylene oxide units. These can be statistical copolymers, gradient copolymers, alternating or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- suitable Polyether polyols made up of repeating propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide units are, for example Desmophen ® -, Acclaim ® -, Arcol ® -, Baycoll ® -, Bayfill ® -, Bayflex ® - Baygal ® -, PET ® - and polyether polyols of the Covestro AG (such as Desmophen ® 3600Z, Desmophen ® 1900U, Acclaim ® Polyol 2200, Acclaim ® Polyol 40001, Arcol ® Polyol 1004, Arcol ® Polyol 1010, Arcol ® Polyol 1030, Arcol ® Polyol 1070, Baycoll ® BD 1110 , Bayfill ® VPPU 0789, Baygal ® K55, PET ® 1004, Polyether ® S 180).
- Desmophen ® 3600Z Desmophen ® 1900U
- Acclaim ® Polyol 2200 Acclaim ® Polyo
- suitable homo-polyethylene oxides are, for example, the Pluriol ® E brands from BASF SE
- suitable homo-polypropylene oxides are, for example, the Pluriol ® P brands from BASF SE
- suitable mixed copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are, for example, the Pluronic ® PE or Pluriol ® RPE Brands of BASF SE.
- the H-functional starter substances can also be selected from the substance class of the polyester polyols, in particular those with a molecular weight M n in the range from 200 to 4500 g / mol. At least difunctional polyesters can be used as polyester polyols. Polyester polyols preferably consist of alternating acid and alcohol units.
- acid components for example, succinic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride or mixtures of the acids mentioned and / or are used.
- polycarbonate diols can be used as H-functional starter substances, in particular those with a molecular weight M n in the range from 150 to 4500 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2500 g / mol, which can be obtained, for example, by reacting phosgene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or diphenyl carbonate and difunctional alcohols or polyester polyols or polyether polyols.
- polycarbonates such as can be found in EP-A 1,359,177th example, as polycarbonate, the Desmophen ® C grades of Covestro AG are used, such as Desmophen ® C 1100 or Desmophen ® C 2200
- polyether carbonate polyols and / or polyether ester carbonate polyols can be used as H-functional starter substances.
- polyether ester carbonate polyols can be used.
- These polyether ester carbonate polyols used as H-functional starter substances can be prepared beforehand in a separate reaction step.
- the H-functional starter substances generally have an OH functionality (i.e. the number of H atoms active for the polymerization per molecule) from 1 to 8, preferably from 2 to 6 and particularly preferably from 2 to 4.
- the H-functional starter substances are used either individually or as a mixture of at least two H-functional starter substances.
- Preferred H-functional starter substances are alcohols with a composition according to the general formula (VIII),
- Examples of alcohols according to formula (VII) are ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1.10 decanediol and 1.12-dodecanediol.
- H-functional starter substances are neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, reaction products of the alcohols according to formula (VII) with e-caprolactone, for example reaction products of trimethylolpropane with e-caprolactone, reaction products of glycerol with e-caprolactone with, and reaction products with e-caprolactone.
- Water, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, castor oil, sorbitol and polyether polyols, composed of repeating polyalkylene oxide units, are furthermore preferably used as H-functional starter compounds.
- the H-functional starter substances are particularly preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methylpropane-l, 3-diol, neopentylglycol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, di- and trifunctional polyether polyols, the polyether polyol consisting of a di- or tri-H-functional starter compound and propylene oxide or a di- or tri-H-functional starter compound, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.
- the polyether polyols preferably have an OH functionality of 2 to 4 and a molecular weight M n in the range from 62 to 4500 g / mol and in particular a molecular weight M n in the range from 62 to 3000 g / mol.
- the CO2 used according to the invention must have a degree of purity of at least 80%, preferably at least 95%, the proportion of sulfur-containing impurities, such as COS or SO2, having to be below 1% by weight, preferably below 0.1% by weight.
- CO2 is preferably used, which is a by-product in ammonia production, ethylene oxide production, by the water gas shift reaction, in combustion processes, preferably in power plants, or in lime burning. If necessary, cleaning steps must follow, in which sulfur-containing impurities in particular, but also carbon monoxide, are removed.
- Inert gases, such as nitrogen or argon may be present up to a content of less than 20%, preferably less than 5%. It is particularly preferred to use CO2 which is produced as a by-product in the production of ammonia or is produced by a water gas shift reaction, since CO2 from these sources has particularly low levels of sulfur-containing impurities.
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer is selected from at least one of the monomers from one or more of the groups consisting of
- Cyclododecatriene butadiene monoepoxide, Isoprenmonoepoxid, limonene oxide, 1,4-Divinylbenzolmonoepoxid, 1,3-Divinylbenzolmonoepoxid, glycidyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids such as besipeislweise oleic acid, linoleic acid, conjuene fatty acid, or linolenic acid, partially epoxidized fats and oils such as partially epoxidized soybean oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil,
- Palm oil or sunflower oil and / or mixtures thereof.
- R 1 to R 3 are independently H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted
- C1-C22 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12 are aryl.
- the compounds of the above formula (IX), as preferred representatives of the group of glycidyl esters of unsaturated acids, have a substitution pattern which is particularly suitable for building up polyether carbonate polyols with unsaturated groups.
- This class of compounds can be converted in high yields into polyether carbonate polyols with unsaturated groups by means of the DMC catalyst which can be used according to the invention.
- the steric and electronic requirements in the area of the double bond can result in good opportunities for further conversion to higher molecular weight, crosslinked polyether carbonate polyols.
- Ri to Rio are independently H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C22-alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C12 aryl.
- Preferred compounds of the formula (IX), (X) (XI) are maleic anhydride, halogen- or alkyl-substituted maleic anhydrides and itaconic anhydride.
- Norbornene-2,3-diacid anhydride allyl-5,6-norbornene-2,3-diacid anhydride
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer is selected from at least one of the monomers from one or more of the groups consisting of
- the carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer is selected from maleic anhydride and / or allyl glycidyl ether, preferably allyl glycidyl ether.
- the molar ratio of the saturated alkylene oxides used to the at least one further carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer is from 55.0 mol% to 99.5 mol%, preferably from 60.0 mol% to 99.0 mol%.
- the at least one further carbon-carbon double bond-containing monomer can be distributed randomly or in blocks in the polyether carbonate polyols containing carbon-carbon double bonds. Gradient polymers can also be used.
- terpolymerization in the sense of the invention includes the polymerization of at least one alkylene oxide, at least one further carbon-carbon Double bond-containing monomer and CO 2 .
- Terpolymerization in the sense of the invention also includes in particular the copolymerization of a total of more than three monomers.
- a preferred embodiment of the process which can be used according to the invention for the production of carbon-carbon double bonds containing polyether carbonate polyols (A-1) is characterized in that
- a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups, an H-functional starter compound, a mixture of a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups and an H-functional starter compound or a mixture of at least two H -functional starter compounds and optionally water and / or other volatile compounds are removed by elevated temperature and / or reduced pressure
- the DMC catalyst comprising the suspension medium which contains no H-functional groups, the H-functional starter compound, the mixture a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups and is added to the H-functional starter compound or the mixture of at least two H-functional starter compounds before or after the first activation stage
- step (ß) [second activation stage] a portion (based on the total amount of the amount of alkylene oxides used in steps (ß) and (g)) of one or more alkylene oxides is added to the mixture resulting from step (a), the addition a partial amount of alkylene oxide can optionally be in the presence of CO 2 and / or inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon), and step ( ⁇ ) can also be carried out several times,
- step (g) [polymerization stage] one or more alkylene oxides, at least one unsaturated compound (alkylene oxide and / or cyclic anhydride) and carbon dioxide are metered continuously into the mixture resulting from step ( ⁇ ), the alkylene oxides used for the terpolymerization being the same or different from those in the case of Step ( ⁇ ) alkylene oxides used can be different.
- step (a) The individual components in step (a) can be added simultaneously or in succession in any order;
- step (a) the DMC catalyst is preferably initially introduced and, at the same time or subsequently, the suspending agent which does not contain any H-functional groups, the H-functional starter compound, the mixture of a suspending agent, which contains no H-functional groups and is added to the H -functional starter compound or the mixture of at least two H-functional starter compounds.
- a preferred embodiment relates to a method, wherein in step (a) [first activation stage]
- an inert gas for example nitrogen or a noble gas such as argon
- an inert gas / carbon dioxide mixture through the reactor at a temperature of 50 to 200 ° C., preferably 80 to 160 ° C., particularly preferably 125 to 135 ° C. or carbon dioxide is passed and at the same time a reduced pressure (absolute) of 10 mbar to 800 mbar, preferably from 40 mbar to 200 mbar, is set in the reactor by removing the inert gas or carbon dioxide (for example with a pump).
- a reduced pressure absolute
- a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups an H-functional starter compound, a mixture of a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups and an H-functional starter compound or a mixture of at least two H-functional starter compounds, optionally under an inert gas atmosphere, under an atmosphere of an inert gas-carbon dioxide mixture or under a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere, particularly preferably under an inert gas atmosphere and
- Starter compound or the mixture of at least two H-functional starter compounds at a temperature of 50 to 200 ° C, preferably from 80 to 160 ° C, particularly preferably from 125 to 135 ° C, an inert gas, an inert gas-carbon dioxide mixture or carbon dioxide, particularly preferably inert gas is introduced and at the same time a reduced pressure (absolute) of 10 mbar to 800 mbar, preferably from 40 mbar to 200 mbar, is set in the reactor by removing the inert gas or carbon dioxide (for example with a pump), the double metal cyanide catalyst forming the suspension medium , which contains no H-functional groups, the H-functional starter compound, the mixture of a suspending agent which contains no H-functional groups and the H-functional
- Starter compound or the mixture of at least two H-functional starter compounds in Step (a1) or immediately afterwards in step (a2) can be added.
- the DMC catalyst can be added in solid form or suspended in a suspending agent and / or an H-functional starter compound. If the DMC catalyst is added as a suspension, it is preferably added to the suspension medium and / or the one or more H-functional starter compounds in step (a1).
- Step ( ⁇ ) of the second activation stage can take place in the presence of CO2 and / or inert gas.
- Step ( ⁇ ) is preferably carried out under an atmosphere of an inert gas-carbon dioxide mixture (for example nitrogen-carbon dioxide or argon-carbon dioxide) or a carbon dioxide atmosphere, particularly preferably under a carbon dioxide atmosphere.
- the setting of an inert gas-carbon dioxide atmosphere or a carbon dioxide atmosphere and the metering of one or more alkylene oxides can in principle be carried out in different ways.
- the admission pressure is preferably set by introducing carbon dioxide, the pressure being (absolute) 10 mbar to 100 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 50 bar and particularly preferably 500 mbar to 50 bar.
- the dosing of the alkylene oxide can be started at any pre-selected form.
- the total pressure (absolute) of the atmosphere in step ( ⁇ ) is preferably set in the range from 10 mbar to 100 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 50 bar and further preferably 500 mbar to 50 bar. If necessary, the pressure is readjusted during or after the dosing of the alkylene oxide by introducing further carbon dioxide, the pressure (absolute) being 10 mbar to 100 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 50 bar and preferably 500 mbar to 50 bar.
- the amount of one or more alkylene oxides used in the activation in step ( ⁇ ) is 0.1 to 25.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 20.0% by weight, particularly preferably 2, 0 to 16.0% by weight, based on the amount of suspending agent and / or H-functional starter compound used in step (a).
- the alkylene oxide can be added in one step or stepwise in several portions.
- a partial amount (based on the total amount of the amount of alkylene oxides used in steps ( ⁇ ) and (g)) of one or more alkylene oxides is converted to the in step ( ⁇ ) [second activation step] Added mixture resulting from step (a), wherein the addition of a partial amount of alkylene oxide can optionally be carried out in the presence of CO2 and / or inert gas.
- the step (ß) can also be carried out several times.
- the DMC catalyst is preferably used in an amount such that the DMC catalyst content in the resultant double bond-containing polyether carbonate polyol is 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm, particularly preferably 20 ppm to 5000 ppm and most preferably 50 ppm to 500 ppm.
- the alkylene oxide in the second activation step, can be added, for example, in one portion or within 1 to 15 minutes, preferably 5 to 10 minutes.
- the duration of the second activation step is preferably 15 to 240 minutes, particularly preferably 20 to 60 minutes.
- the metering of the alkylene oxide (s), the unsaturated compounds, also referred to below as monomers, and the carbon dioxide can be carried out simultaneously, alternately or sequentially, the total amount of carbon dioxide being metered in at once or over the reaction time. It is possible to increase or decrease the CCE pressure gradually or gradually or to keep it the same while adding the monomers. The total pressure is preferably kept constant during the reaction by adding carbon dioxide.
- the monomers can be metered in simultaneously, alternately or sequentially to the carbon dioxide metering. It is possible to meter the monomers at a constant metering rate or to increase or decrease the metering rate continuously or stepwise or to add the monomers in portions. The monomers are preferably added to the reaction mixture at a constant metering rate.
- the alkylene oxides can be metered in individually or as a mixture.
- the alkylene oxides can be dosed simultaneously, alternately or sequentially via separate doses (additions) or via one or more doses, the alkylene oxides being able to be dosed individually or as a mixture.
- the type and / or sequence of metering the monomers and / or the carbon dioxide makes it possible to synthesize statistical, alternating, block-like or gradient-like double bonds containing polyether carbonate polyols.
- An excess of carbon dioxide is preferably used based on the calculated amount of carbon dioxide required in polyether carbonate polyol containing double bonds, since an excess of carbon dioxide is advantageous due to the inertness of carbon dioxide.
- the amount of carbon dioxide can be determined via the total pressure.
- the total pressure absolute has proven to be advantageous in the range from 0.01 to 120 bar, preferably 0.1 to 110 bar, particularly preferably from 1 to 100 bar for the copolymerization for producing the polyether carbonate polyols containing double bonds. It is possible to supply the carbon dioxide to the reaction vessel continuously or discontinuously. This depends on how quickly the monomers and the CO2 are consumed and whether the product should contain CCE-free polyether blocks or blocks with different CCE contents.
- the concentration of carbon dioxide can also be added when the monomers are added vary. Depending on the reaction conditions chosen, it is possible to introduce the CO2 into the reactor in the gaseous, liquid or supercritical state. CO2 can also be added to the reactor as a solid and then change to the gaseous, dissolved, liquid and / or supercritical state under the chosen reaction conditions. In step (g), the carbon dioxide can be introduced into the mixture, for example
- Step (g) is carried out, for example, at temperatures from 60 to 150 ° C., preferably from 80 to 120 ° C., very particularly preferably from 90 to 110 ° C. If temperatures below 60 ° C are set, the reaction stops. At temperatures above 150 ° C, the amount of unwanted by-products increases sharply.
- the reaction mixture is gassed in the reactor according to (i) preferably via a gassing ring, a gassing nozzle or a gas inlet pipe.
- the gassing ring is preferably an annular arrangement or two or more annular arrangements of gassing nozzles, which are preferably arranged on the bottom of the reactor and / or on the side wall of the reactor.
- the hollow shaft stirrer according to (ii) is preferably a stirrer in which the gas is introduced into the reaction mixture via a hollow shaft of the stirrer.
- the rotation of the stirrer in the reaction mixture creates a suppression at the end of the impeller connected to the hollow shaft such that the gas phase (containing CO2 and possibly unused monomers) is sucked out of the gas space above the reaction mixture and via the Hollow shaft of the stirrer is passed into the reaction mixture.
- the reaction mixture according to (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) can be gassed in each case with freshly metered in carbon dioxide and / or combined with an extraction of the gas from the gas space above the reaction mixture and subsequent recompression of the gas.
- the gas sucked out and compressed from the gas space above the reaction mixture, optionally mixed with fresh carbon dioxide and / or monomers is reintroduced into the reaction mixture according to (i), (ii), (iii) and / or (iv).
- the pressure drop which arises from the incorporation of the carbon dioxide, the monomers in the terpolymerization, into the reaction product is preferably compensated for via freshly metered in carbon dioxide.
- the monomers can be introduced separately or together with the CO2 either via the liquid surface or directly into the liquid phase.
- the monomers are preferably introduced directly into the liquid phase, since this has the advantage that the introduced monomers are rapidly mixed with the liquid phase and local concentration peaks of the monomers are thus avoided.
- the introduction into the liquid phase can take place via one or more inlet pipes, one or more nozzles or one or more annular arrangements of multiple metering points, which are preferably arranged on the bottom of the reactor and / or on the side wall of the reactor.
- the three steps (a), ( ⁇ ) and (g) can be carried out in the same reactor or in each case separately in different reactors.
- Particularly preferred reactor types are stirred tanks, tubular reactors and loop reactors. If reaction steps (a), ( ⁇ ) and (g) are carried out in different reactors, a different type of reactor can be used for each step.
- Polyether carbonate polyols containing double bonds can be produced in a stirred tank, the stirred tank depending on the embodiment and mode of operation being cooled via the reactor jacket, internal cooling surfaces and / or in a pumping circuit.
- the stirred tank depending on the embodiment and mode of operation being cooled via the reactor jacket, internal cooling surfaces and / or in a pumping circuit.
- the semi-batch application in which the product is only removed after the end of the reaction
- the continuous application in which the product is continuously removed, particular attention must be paid to the metering rate of the monomers. It must be set so that the monomers react sufficiently quickly despite the inhibiting effect of carbon dioxide.
- the concentration of free monomers in the reaction mixture during the second activation stage (step ⁇ ) is preferably> 0 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably> 0 to 50% by weight, most preferably> 0 to 20% by weight (in each case based on the weight of the reaction mixture).
- the concentration of free monomers in the reaction mixture during the reaction (step g) is preferably> 0 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably> 0 to 25% by weight, most preferably> 0 to 15% by weight (in each case based on the weight of the reaction mixture).
- step g Another possible embodiment for the copolymerization (step g) is characterized in that one or more H-functional starter compounds are metered continuously into the reactor during the reaction.
- the amount of the H-functional starter compounds which are metered continuously into the reactor during the reaction is preferably at least 20 mol%. Equivalents, particularly preferably 70 to 95 mol% equivalents (in each case based on the total amount of H-functional starter compounds).
- the amount of the H-functional starter compounds which are metered continuously into the reactor during the reaction is preferably at least 80 mol% equivalents, particularly preferably 95 to 99.99 mol% equivalents (in each case based on the total amount on H-functional starter connections).
- the catalyst / starter mixture activated according to steps (a) and ( ⁇ ) is reacted further in the same reactor with the monomers and carbon dioxide.
- the catalyst / starter mixture activated according to steps (a) and ( ⁇ ) is further reacted with the monomers and carbon dioxide in another reaction vessel (for example a stirred tank, tubular reactor or loop reactor).
- the catalyst / starter mixture prepared according to step (a) is reacted with the monomers and carbon dioxide in another reaction vessel (for example a stirred tank, tubular reactor or loop reactor) according to steps ( ⁇ ) and (g).
- the catalyst / starter mixture prepared according to step (a) or the catalyst / starter mixture activated according to steps (a) and ( ⁇ ) and, if appropriate, further starters and the monomers and carbon dioxide are pumped continuously through a tube .
- the second activation stage according to step ( ⁇ ) takes place in the first part of the tubular reactor and the terpolymerization according to step (g) takes place in the second part of the tubular reactor.
- the molar ratios of the reactants vary depending on the desired polymer.
- carbon dioxide is metered in in its liquid or supercritical form in order to enable the components to be optimally mixed.
- the carbon dioxide can be introduced into the reactor at the inlet of the reactor and / or via metering points which are arranged along the reactor.
- a portion of the monomers can be introduced at the inlet of the reactor.
- the remaining amount of the monomers is preferably introduced into the reactor via a plurality of metering points which are arranged along the reactor.
- Mixing elements such as those sold by Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik BTS GmbH, for example, are advantageously installed for better mixing of the reactants, or mixer-heat exchanger elements which simultaneously improve mixing and heat dissipation.
- CO2 metered in by the mixing elements and the monomers are preferably mixed with the reaction mixture.
- Loop reactors can also be used to prepare polyether carbonate polyols containing double bonds.
- These generally include reactors with internal and / or external material recycling (possibly with heat exchanger surfaces arranged in a circuit), such as a jet loop reactor, jet loop reactor or venturi loop reactor, which can also be operated continuously, or a loop-shaped tubular reactor suitable devices for the circulation of the reaction mixture or a loop of several tubular reactors connected in series or several stirred vessels connected in series.
- the reactor in which step (g) is carried out can often be followed by a further kettle or a tube (“indwelling tube”) in which residual concentrations of free monomers react after the reaction.
- the pressure in this downstream reactor is preferably at the same pressure as in the reaction apparatus in which the reaction step (g) is carried out. However, the pressure in the downstream reactor can also be selected to be higher or lower. In a further preferred embodiment, all or part of the carbon dioxide is discharged after the reaction step (g) and the downstream reactor is operated at normal pressure or a slight excess pressure.
- the temperature in the downstream reactor is preferably from 10 to 150 ° C. and particularly preferably from 20 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction mixture preferably contains less than 0.05% by weight of monomers.
- the post-reaction time or the residence time in the downstream reactor is preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours, particularly preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours.
- the temperature in step (g) can be greater than or equal to 60 ° C. and less than or equal to 150 ° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the temperature in step (g) can be greater than or equal to 80 ° C and less than or equal to 130 ° C and very particularly preferably greater than or equal to 90 ° C and less than or equal to 120 ° C.
- This temperature range during the polymerization has proven to be particularly suitable for synthesizing the polyether carbonate polyols with unsaturated groups with a sufficient reaction rate and with a high selectivity. In the range of lower temperatures, an insufficient reaction rate can occur and at higher temperatures the proportion of undesired by-products can increase too much. For example, if the temperature is too high, the unsaturated groups may crosslink prematurely.
- the polyether carbonate polyols which can be obtained according to the invention preferably have an average OH functionality (ie average number of OH- Groups per molecule) of at least 1, preferably from 1.5 to 10, particularly preferably from> 2.0 to ⁇ 4.0.
- the molecular weight of the polyether carbonate polyols containing double bonds obtained is preferably at least 400 g / mol, particularly preferably 400 to 1,000,000 g / mol and most preferably 500 to 60,000 g / mol.
- the suspending agents which are used in step (a) to suspend the catalyst contain no H-functional groups. All polar-aprotic, weakly polar-aprotic and non-polar-aprotic solvents which each contain no H-functional groups are suitable as suspending agents. A mixture of two or more of these suspending agents can also be used as suspending agents.
- polar aprotic solvents may be mentioned here by way of example: 4-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane (hereinafter also referred to as cyclic propylene carbonate), 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile , Nitromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-Met hy I py rrol i don.
- the group of nonpolar and weakly polar aprotic solvents includes e.g.
- Ethers such as Dioxane, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, esters such as e.g. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, hydrocarbons such as e.g. Pentane, n-hexane, benzene and alkylated benzene derivatives (e.g. toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and carbon tetrachloride.
- hydrocarbons such as e.g. Pentane, n-hexane, benzene and alkylated benzene derivatives (e.g. toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and carbon
- 4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene and mixtures of two or more of these suspension agents are preferably used as the suspending agent, 4 being particularly preferred -Methyl-2-oxo-l, 3-dioxolane and 1,3-dioxolan-2-one or a mixture of 4-methyl-2-oxo-l, 3-dioxolane and 1,3-dioxolan-2-one.
- the suspending agent used in step (a) to suspend the catalyst is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of aliphatic lactones, aromatic lactones, lactides, cyclic carbonates with at least three optionally substituted methylene groups between the oxygen atoms of the carbonate group, aliphatic cyclic anhydrides and aromatic cyclic anhydrides.
- such suspending agents are later incorporated into the polymer chain in the course of the polymerization in the presence of a starter. This eliminates subsequent cleaning steps.
- Aliphatic or aromatic lactones are cyclic compounds containing an ester bond in the ring.
- Preferred compounds are 4-membered ring lactones such as ß-propiolactone, ß-butyrolactone, ß-isovalerolactone, ß-caprolactone, ß-isocaprolactone, ß-methyl-ß-valerolactone, 5-membered ring lactones, such as g-butyrolactone, g-valerolactone, 5-methylfuran-2 (3H) -one, 5-methylidenedihydrofuran-2 (3H) -one, 5-hydroxyfuran-2 (5H) -one, 2-benzofuran-l (3H) -one and 6- Methy-2-benzofuran-l (3H) -one, 6-membered ring lactones, such as d-valerolactone, 1,4-dioxan-2-one, dihydrocoumarin, 1H-isochromene-1-one
- Lactides are cyclic compounds containing two or more ester bonds in the ring.
- Preferred compounds are glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), L-lactide (L-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), D-lactide, DL-lactide , Mesolactide and 3-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione, 3-hexyl-6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione, 3,6-di (but-3-ene - 1 -yl) - 1, 4-dioxane-2,5-dione (each including optically active forms).
- L-lactide is particularly preferred.
- Compounds with at least three optionally substituted methylene groups between the oxygen atoms of the carbonate group are preferably used as cyclic carbonates.
- Preferred compounds are trimethylene carbonate, neopentyl glycol carbonate (5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol carbonate, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol carbonate, 1,3-butanediol carbonate, 2-methyl-l, 3-propanediol carbonate, 2,4-pentanediol carbonate, 2-methyl-butane-l, 3-diol carbonate, TMP monoallyl ether carbonate, pentaerythritol diallyl ether carbonate, 5- (2-hydroxyethyl) - l, 3-dioxan-2-one, 5- [2- (benzyloxy) ethyl] -l, 3-diox
- Cyclic carbonates with less than three optionally substituted methylene groups between the oxygen atoms of the carbonate group are not or only to a small extent incorporated into the polymer chain under the conditions of the process according to the invention for the copolymerization of alkylene oxides and CO2.
- Cyclic carbonates with less than three optionally substituted methylene groups between the oxygen atoms of the carbonate group can, however, be used together with other suspending agents.
- Preferred cyclic carbonates with less than three optionally substituted methylene groups between the oxygen atoms of the Carbonate groups are ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 2,3-butanediol carbonate, 2,3-pentanediol carbonate, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol carbonate, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol carbonate.
- Cyclic anhydrides are cyclic compounds containing an anhydride group in the ring.
- Preferred compounds are succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, 1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, diphenic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, Norbornendiklareanhydrid and their chlorination products, succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, tetradecenylsuccinic anhydride, hexadecenylsuccinic, octadecenyl succinic anhydride, 3- and 4-nitrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, ita
- Succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride are particularly preferred.
- the molar ratio of the carbon-carbon double bonds in the polyether carbonate polyol to the Si-H bonds of the polysiloxane compound is from 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably from 1: 5 to 5: 1.
- the catalyst (A) is a hydrosilylation catalyst.
- the hydrosilylation of the polyether carbonate with unsaturated groups can be induced particularly quickly and effectively by using platinum and palladium catalysts in a concentration of 1 to 5000 ppm, where homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts can be used. Suitable catalysts are mentioned in DE 102011076687. With the homogeneous catalysts, Karstedt catalysts are preferred. These are complexes of Pt (0) with compounds containing double bonds, in particular vinylsilanes, such as tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane or tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane). These are described, for example, in the Patinium Metals Review (1997), 41 (2), 66.
- Speier catalysts ie complexes of hexachloroplatinic acid with alcohols, such as isopropanol
- Karstedt catalysts can be used particularly preferably.
- Preferred heterogeneous catalysts are platinum metals, particularly preferably platinum, supported on inorganic supports or coal, particularly preferably on coal.
- Ligands such as phosphines or nitrogen heterocycles, can also be added to the heterogeneous catalysts as activators or co-catalysts.
- a regulation for the hydrosilylation of alkene Groups can be found, for example, in F. Eckstorff, Y. Zhu, R. Maurer, TE Müller, S. Scholz, JA Lercher, Polymer 52 (2011) 2492-2498.
- Hydrosilylation catalyst is one or more compound (s) and is selected from the group consisting of Karstedt catalysts, Speier catalysts, elemental platinum and elemental platinum on a carrier made of activated carbon or aluminum oxide.
- Hydrosilylation catalyst is one or more compound (s) and is selected from the group consisting of platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, l, 3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, hexachlorpplatinic acid, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-tris (acetonitrile) ruthenium (II ) hexafluorophosphate, bis (l, 5-cyclooctadiene) rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate, (bicyclo [2.2.
- rhodium (I) chloride dimer tris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium (I) chloride, Benzenedichlororuthenium (II) dimer, dichloro (p-cymene) ruthenium (II) dimer and benzylidene bis (tricyclohexylphosphine) dichloro ruthenium (II).
- Another object of the invention is an organooxysilyl-crosslinked polymer obtainable by the process according to the invention, the organooxysilyl end groups having a number average molecular weight Mn of> 500 g / mol to ⁇ 100000 g / mol, particularly preferably> 1000 g / mol to ⁇ 50000 g / mol, which has been determined by GPC.
- the procedure was according to DIN 55672-1: "Gel Permeation Chromatography, Part 1 - Tetrahydrofuran as Eluent" (SECurity GPC system from PSS Polymer Service, flow rate 1.0 ml / min; columns: 2xPSS SDV linear M, 8x300 mm, 5 pm; RID- Detector). Polystyrene samples of known molar mass were used for calibration. The polydispersity was calculated as the Mw / Mn ratio.
- the DMC catalyst was produced according to Example 6 of WO-A 01/80994.
- Polysiloxane 1 polysiloxane from Momentive, silane (Si-H) content of 0.55 mmol / g; Mn from
- Polysiloxane-2 polysiloxane from Momentive, silane (Si-H) content of 3.80 mmol / g; Mn from
- Polyoxyalkylene polvols (polyol-1)
- Characterization of the polyoxyalkylene polyol obtained according to the methods mentioned in WO 2015032737 A1 gave an OH number of 22.4 mg KOH / g, a CO 2 content of 15.92% by weight, a molecular weight M n of 5009 g / mol, a PDI of 1.9 and a double bond content of 2.2% by weight.
- a sample of the polyether carbonate polyol was mixed with a substoichiometric amount of a polysiloxane and platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane.
- the shear behavior was measured on a Physica MCR501 from Anton Paar equipped with the PP15 measuring system.
- the complex moduli G '(storage module) and G ”(loss module) were determined in an oscillation measurement at 90 ° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, a plate-plate configuration with a Plate diameter of 15 mm, a plate distance of 1 mm and a 10 percent deformation were used.
- the gel point was defined as the point in time at which the storage and loss modulus were equal.
- a sample of the polyether carbonate polyol was mixed with an equimolar amount of a polyisocyanate (diisocyanate and / or triisocyanate) and dibutyltin laurate (1% by weight).
- the complex moduli G '(storage module) and G ”(loss module) were determined in an oscillation measurement at 60 ° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz, a plate-plate configuration with a plate diameter of 15 mm, a plate spacing of 1 mm and a 10 percent deformation were used.
- the value of the memory module reached at that time, measured in Pa was read off.
- a sample of the prepolymer was applied to the measuring plate of the rheometer for the rheological determination of the adhesion fracture energy (adhesive force).
- the tensile strength (FN) and the elongation at break (d) were determined in an adhesive force measurement at 30 ° C., using a plate-plate configuration with a plate diameter of 15 mm and a plate spacing of 0.8 mm.
- the sample was first pressed with a compression force of 10 N.
- the upper plate was then lifted off at a speed of -2.5 mm / s and the tensile strength (FN) was determined over the incremental distances di until the sample broke.
- IR infrared
- the double bond content of the prepolymers results as the quotient of the stated double bond content of the polyether carbonate polyols used (given in C2H4 equivalents per mass of polyether carbonate polyol) based on the total mass of the reactants used (polyether carbonate polyol, isocyanate mixture, catalyst) and is given in C2H4 equivalents per mass of prepolymer.
- Example 1 Preparation of an elastomer precursor using an unsaturated
- Polysilane 1 38 g
- platinum (O) -1,3-di vinyl-1, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (19 mg) were mixed together in a flare bottle (mixture 1).
- Polyol-1 500 mg
- mixture 1 380 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Polysiloxane 2 (5.6 g) and platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (19 mg) were mixed together in a flare bottle (mixture 2).
- Polyol-1 500 mg
- mixture 2 56 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Polyol-1 500 mg was provided with 60 ppm of catalyst and applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes. Analysis by IR spectroscopy showed the characteristic signal for double bonds at 1645 cm 1 .
- Examples 1-4 show that the crosslinking of electron-rich polyether carbonate polyols with substoichiometric polysiloxane leads to the formation of a 3D network.
- the reaction with compounds rich in siloxane leads to a more stable network in a shorter time.
- the reaction with sulfur as a crosslinker or without any crosslinker could not be observed.
- polyol 1 does not cure (comparative example 3-4).
- Polysiloxane 1 38 g
- platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane 9 mg
- Polyol-1 500 mg
- mixture 3 760 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Polysiloxane 2 (5.6 g) and platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (9.5 mg) were mixed together in a flare bottle (mixture 4).
- Polyol-1 500 mg
- mixture 4 120 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Examples 5-6 show that the change in the ratio between double bond and siloxane leads to a different network density and reaction time. If the silane content is doubled, the stability of the network formed increases disproportionately, while the reaction time drops significantly.
- polyol-1 unsaturated polyether carbonate polyol
- Si-H 1 silane
- platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane 4.5 mg
- Polysiloxane 2 (5.6 g) and platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (4.5 mg) were mixed together in a flare bottle (mixture 6).
- Polyol-1 500 mg
- mixture 6 240 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 90 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Examples 7-8 show that the change in the ratio between the double bond and silane (Si-H) leads to a different network density and reaction time. With a stoichiometric silane content, the stability of the network formed increases to a maximum.
- Polysiloxane 1 38 g
- platinum (0) -l, 3-divinyl-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane 4.5 mg
- Polysiloxane 2 (10.34 g) and platinum (O) -1,3 -di vinyl-1, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (29.21 mg) were mixed together in a flare bottle (mixture 8).
- Polyol-2 500 mg
- mixture 8 103.4 mg
- the mixture was then applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior at 140 ° C. was followed for 120 minutes.
- Example 11 Preparation of an elastomer precursor using an unsaturated polyether carbonate polyol (polyol-2) with 2.2% by weight of double bonds
- Polyol-2 (500 mg) was provided with 300 ppm catalyst and applied to the measuring system of the rheometer and the curing behavior was monitored at 140 ° C. over 120 min.
- Examples 8-9 show the influence of the selected silane (Si-H) content on the gel time and the network density.
Abstract
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EP18187627.7A EP3608348A1 (de) | 2018-08-07 | 2018-08-07 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines organooxysilyl-vernetzten polymers |
PCT/EP2019/070851 WO2020030538A1 (de) | 2018-08-07 | 2019-08-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines doppelbindungen enthaltenden polymers als elastomer-vorstufe |
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EP19745625.4A Withdrawn EP3833706A1 (de) | 2018-08-07 | 2019-08-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines doppelbindungen enthaltenden polymers als elastomer-vorstufe |
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WO2023152575A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polycarbonate polymer with siloxane repeat units, compositions, and methods |
CN114716913B (zh) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-03-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | 一种双亲性防污活性剂及其制备方法 |
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GB1063525A (en) | 1963-02-14 | 1967-03-30 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Organic cyclic oxide polymers, their preparation and tires prepared therefrom |
US3829505A (en) | 1970-02-24 | 1974-08-13 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Polyethers and method for making the same |
US3941849A (en) | 1972-07-07 | 1976-03-02 | The General Tire & Rubber Company | Polyethers and method for making the same |
JP2653236B2 (ja) | 1990-10-05 | 1997-09-17 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ポリエーテル化合物の製造方法 |
US5158922A (en) | 1992-02-04 | 1992-10-27 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for preparing metal cyanide complex catalyst |
US5470813A (en) | 1993-11-23 | 1995-11-28 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Double metal cyanide complex catalysts |
US5712216A (en) | 1995-05-15 | 1998-01-27 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Highly active double metal cyanide complex catalysts |
US5482908A (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1996-01-09 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Highly active double metal cyanide catalysts |
US5545601A (en) | 1995-08-22 | 1996-08-13 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Polyether-containing double metal cyanide catalysts |
US5627120A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1997-05-06 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Highly active double metal cyanide catalysts |
US5714428A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1998-02-03 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Double metal cyanide catalysts containing functionalized polymers |
DE19905611A1 (de) | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-17 | Bayer Ag | Doppelmetallcyanid-Katalysatoren für die Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
DE19958355A1 (de) | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-07 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von DMC-Katalysatoren |
PT1276563E (pt) | 2000-04-20 | 2004-10-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Metodo de producao de catalisadores a base de cianetos bimetalicos (dmc) |
DE10219028A1 (de) | 2002-04-29 | 2003-11-06 | Bayer Ag | Herstellung und Verwendung von hochmolekularen aliphatischen Polycarbonaten |
JP4145123B2 (ja) | 2002-11-18 | 2008-09-03 | 株式会社オンダ製作所 | 継手 |
EP2465890A1 (de) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-20 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyethercarbonatpolyolen mit primären Hydroxyl-Endgruppen und daraus hergestellte Polyurethanpolymere |
DE102011076687A1 (de) | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Pt-haltiger Katalysator, dessen Herstellung und dessen Einsatz bei der Hydrosilylierung von Si-H-haltigen Verbindungen |
EP2548905A1 (de) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-23 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Verfahren zur Aktivierung von Doppelmetallcyanidkatalysatoren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
EP2845873A1 (de) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-11 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Radikalische Vernetzung von Polyethercarbonatpolyolen enthaltend elektronenarme und elektronenreiche Doppelbindungen |
EP2845871A1 (de) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-11 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Vernetzung von Doppelbindungen enthaltenden Polyethercarbonatpolyolen durch Addition von Mercaptanen |
EP2845872A1 (de) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-11 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Niederviskose Polyethercarbonatpolyole mit Seitenketten |
ES2713623T3 (es) * | 2014-09-23 | 2019-05-23 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Polietercarbonatos que curan con humedad que contienen grupos alcoxisililo |
WO2018069350A1 (de) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mehrfachbindungen enthaltenden präpolymers als elastomer-vorstufe |
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