EP3830395A1 - Kaskadenturbine - Google Patents
KaskadenturbineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3830395A1 EP3830395A1 EP19752662.7A EP19752662A EP3830395A1 EP 3830395 A1 EP3830395 A1 EP 3830395A1 EP 19752662 A EP19752662 A EP 19752662A EP 3830395 A1 EP3830395 A1 EP 3830395A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- wing
- flow
- rotation
- impeller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
- F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
- F01D1/04—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L5/00—Structural features of suction cleaners
- A47L5/12—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum
- A47L5/22—Structural features of suction cleaners with power-driven air-pumps or air-compressors, e.g. driven by motor vehicle engine vacuum with rotary fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
- F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
- F04D19/007—Axial-flow pumps multistage fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
- F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
- F05D2240/129—Cascades, i.e. assemblies of similar profiles acting in parallel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine with an empennage and a drive mechanism, the housing of which accommodates at least one multi-stage compression module and / or at least one multi-stage expansion module between the flow inlet and the flow outlet.
- the turbine tail unit consists of several stator wheels, each arranged at a distance from one another and rigidly connected to the housing, while the drive unit consists of a cascade of several stator wheels running between the stator wheels in a plane of rotation and through a common shaft
- impellers wherein a single stage of the multi-stage compression and the multi-stage expansion module is formed by a stator and an impeller.
- the impellers of the turbine each have at least one race wing with a convex suction and a concave pressure side, which is in an inclined with an angle of inclination with respect to the plane of rotation from one of the impellers
- Conical angle of the flow formed resulting flow is flowed against and has an asymmetrical wing profile in the plane of inclination.
- One embodiment relates to turbomachines that are designed to convert the internal energy of a compressible fluid into a rotational power on the shaft of the turbine.
- a preferred steam engine is e.g. from several
- Expansion modules that are designed as high, medium and low pressure expansion modules.
- Embodiments also relate to gas turbines for power generation and turbines
- Sheathed flow engine in which the high-pressure compression module from a high-pressure expansion module and the fan from a low-pressure Expansion module are each driven with a separate shaft.
- the turbine can also be used as a heat pump or as
- Cooling turbine are formed, in which the compression module is connected to a heat exchanger. Particular attention is paid to the embodiments of electric turbines
- Expansion module is replaced by an electric motor and the jet engine has a thrust stage that works as a low-pressure compression module.
- Other applications of the low pressure compression module generally relate to a fan or blower and also a fan in connection with a device, e.g. for the exchange of air in a room or for the thermal conditioning of a building or a vehicle and also in connection with a turbine suction device.
- turbomachines are known as steam turbines with a usable mechanical output of up to 1.5 gigawatts. Made in 1888 by Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval
- the steam turbine presented had an efficiency of 30%.
- the efficiency of current high-pressure steam turbines reaches almost 50% - nothing more. In the sense of being available at all times
- Efficiency are related to the overall efficiency of the system and relate to the thermodynamic process and the
- Turbine itself. In itself, a stage of a gas or steam turbine achieves an efficiency of 90%. turbines
- Jet engines form with their high performance, their thrust and their reliability the backbone of the world
- turbo jet engines Air traffic.
- Different designs for turbo jet engines are known, e.g. a turbofan engine, a turboprop fan engine, a turboprop jet engine, one
- Compression module is a so-called tandem blade for the
- Axial compressor of an aircraft engine known. These tandem blades cause a maximum deflection of the flow at a stator of the compression module without causing undesirable flow separations within a cascade of guide and
- a jet engine consists of
- a thrust nozzle at the flow outlet of the housing is designed to eject the hot air and exhaust gas jet into the surrounding air. According to the recoil principle, the thrust driving the aircraft acts in the direction of flight.
- a turbine jet engine is different from one
- a turbine jet engine is very efficient at high speeds at high altitudes. At low speeds, propeller-driven engines are more efficient. In the case of turbofan engines with a fan, the turbofan is used to generate additional drive energy for the
- the embodiment also relates to a heat pump and a cooling turbine which conveys heat from a low to a higher temperature level in the sense of a left-handed circular process using work and is designed as a heat pump or as a cooling machine.
- CH 509 502 is a control device for steam turbines, which consists of several expansion modules for high, medium and
- DE 198 58 702 B4 discloses a method for connecting blade parts of a gas turbine and the blade and the rotor of a gas turbine.
- DE 10 2014 206 216 B4 discloses a compression grille for an axial compressor, in which the radial guide vanes are arranged in two rows and have a front and a rear blade in the direction of flow, with the
- EP 2 743 453 A1 shows an arrangement of rotor blades for a turbine, each of which has a wing nose and a wing trailing edge and are connected to one another by cantilevered, tapered connecting pieces in the tangential direction, so that a collar connecting the rotor blades of an impeller with a teardrop-shaped one Profile is formed.
- EP 3 187 688 A1 describes a radial rotor blade with a convex suction side and a concave pressure side for one
- the rotor blade tip is provided with two blades projecting from the rotor blade, which are referred to as suction blades on the convex suction side and as pressure blades on the concave pressure side, an interface being formed on two adjacent rotor blades.
- These cantilevers form a stabilizing collar on one impeller of the turbine, which is intended to prevent torsional deformation of the individual rotor blades during operation of the turbine and also enables the replacement of a single rotor blade of the impeller.
- the upstream wing direction is thicker
- the object of the invention is to provide a new turbine.
- a turbine has a housing and a multi-stage module arranged in the housing, which module has a drive and an empennage, which housing has a flow inlet and a flow outlet and is designed for guiding a fluid flowing between the flow inlet and flow outlet, which empennage a plurality of idlers with guide vanes rigidly connected to the housing
- assigned rotational plane are drivable and are at least partially arranged between the guide wheels, each having a guide wheel and an impeller a stage of the multi-stage
- impellers at least partially have at least one concentrically arranged to the axis of rotation race, which race a
- asymmetrical raceway wing profile with a suction side, a pressure side, a wing nose oriented to the flow inlet of the housing and one to the flow outlet of the housing
- guide ring wings Arranged in rotation axis, guide ring wings, which guide ring wing has an asymmetrical guide ring wing profile with a suction side and a pressure side, which guide ring wing is preceded by at least one race ring wing of the impeller in the direction of flow with a pitch angle with respect to the axis of rotation, the suction sides of the guide ring wing and of the race wing are arranged opposite each other on the outside or the inside of the guide ring wing or the race wing.
- the module is as
- Compression module or expansion module can be used for compression (e.g. in a steam turbine) or for expansion (e.g. behind a combustion chamber).
- the turbine preferably has a thermodynamic or
- a rotor ring connected to the shaft via the radial turbine blades is preferred for the impeller of a turbine in an inclined angle with respect to the plane of rotation
- a profile for the raceway wing preferably acts with a defined angle of inclination relative to the
- Rotation plane inclined inclination plane fluid dynamically as a lift rotor and has an asymmetrical wing profile.
- the invention has, at least in part, the following advantages: - Activation of dynamic buoyancy on the impeller blades of the impellers of a turbine
- a large number of raceway vanes of the drive result in a tangential driving force, which causes rotational power on the shaft of a multi-stage turbine
- a plurality / plurality of radial vanes are formed
- Blade grille for a guide wheel of the tail unit and a bending, shear and torsion resistant turbine blade grille for an impeller of the drive of a turbine
- connection technology for a circular sector of an impeller of the turbine drive, which enables the replacement of a single radial turbine blade
- the turbine casing takes at least one multi-stage
- Compression module and / or at least one multi-stage
- Expansion module on which modules are each formed by an inner and an outer, rotationally symmetrical
- Compression module narrows the cross section of the housing in the direction of flow, the cone angle of the flow being specified either by the flow guide surfaces and / or by the guide ring vanes of the turbine tail unit.
- the convex sides of the radial are on the multi-stage compression module
- Turbine blades each oriented against the direction of rotation of the impellers.
- the convex sides of the radial guide vanes are against the
- the cone angle is created dynamically as the pressure increases and decreases Velocity of a flowing fluid by itself, the cross section of the housing widening in the direction of flow with a cone angle.
- the guide ring wing with an asymmetrical wing profile.
- the guide ring wing is either one part or two parts
- a two-part guide ring wing has one
- Tandem airfoil made of two successive and mutually overlapping asymmetrical airfoil profiles, each with a chord inclined with respect to the axis of rotation, which defines the cone angle for the resulting flow to the downstream
- Guide ring vanes are inclined more steeply than the chords of the race ring vanes. A nozzle flow occurs at the guide vane grille of the guide wheel, which flows with the wake of the
- Turbine blade grille of the impeller interacts so that an accelerated flow enables the impeller to flow against the impeller with a maximum cone angle.
- the inner and outer flow guide surfaces of the housing can be arranged parallel to one another.
- Compression level and at an expansion level changes the convex suction side on the guide ring wing and on the
- Race wing in each case from the inside facing the axis of rotation to the outside facing away from the axis of rotation or vice versa from the outside to the inside.
- the radial guide vanes in the guide wheel and the radial turbine blades of the impeller are each designed as twisted asymmetrical wing profiles
- the drive of the multi-stage compression module and the multi-stage expansion module each consist of a cascade of impellers.
- the radial turbine blades In the plane of rotation of the impeller, the radial turbine blades have an angle of attack which is dependent on the respective rotational speed, the amount of which decreases from the shaft-side to the outer end of the radial turbine blades.
- the radial turbine blades of an impeller are either non-positively connected in the plane of rotation with only a single impeller blade or the impeller has a plurality of concentrically arranged impeller blades, which are each connected to the radial turbine blades in the plane of rotation.
- the race wing has a slightly upward inclined profile chord that extends between the wing nose and the trailing edge of the wing and a circular pressure point line and is flowed over its entire circumference by the resulting inflow, so that the raceway wing in the inclination plane is perpendicular to the resulting inflow on the circular
- Pressure dot line creates dynamic buoyancy.
- the pressure point of a body in the flow is where everyone is
- the dynamic buoyancy of the race wing is divided into the suction force acting perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the resistance, as well as into the propulsive force, which in turn acts as a torque acting in the plane of rotation in the direction of rotation of the race wing and on the shaft a torque
- the impeller of an electrically driven turbine can be made from a single piece of plastic in an injection molding process or from metal in a die casting process.
- Turbine impellers subject to thermal stress are made of special metal alloys and can e.g. from a flow-facing and a flow-facing half, one below the other
- thermodynamically driven turbine can also be used
- the race wing each has a joint with a recess for receiving a spring to produce a tongue-and-groove connection between two
- the screw connections of the left and right springs with the race wing are loosened, the springs being pushed completely into the recess in the hollow chamber profile in order to be able to push the turbine blade out of the grooves in the shaft.
- the spring In the working position, the spring is non-positively connected to the race wing segment of a first turbine blade and half projects into it
- An impeller in which the wing lugs and the trailing edge of the radial turbine blades and the impeller blades each lie in one plane, forms a disc that is resistant to bending, shear and torsion, which is characterized by high
- the disc can be in one piece or, as described, in a plurality
- a grooved shaft can be provided to replace an impeller and is pushed out of the drive in the direction of the axis of rotation.
- An undercut connection can be made between the shaft and a single turbine blade
- a turbine jet engine forms an impeller together with the downstream stator, the first stage of a multi-stage compression module.
- the radial turbine blades of the impeller are connected at their outer end to a rotor blade, the convex one
- Suction side is oriented to the axis of rotation.
- thermodynamic turbine jet engine closes in the direction of flow at least one combustion chamber as well
- At least one multi-stage expansion module with a thrust nozzle as a flow outlet to the multi-stage compression module at least one multi-stage expansion module with a thrust nozzle as a flow outlet to the multi-stage compression module.
- the turbine jet engine is either as one
- Sheathed flow engine or as a propane engine or as a shaft turbine or as a turboprop engine or as an inflow jet engine.
- the housing of the turbine consists of two concentrically arranged shells and has either a thrust stage formed by a guide and an impeller either at the flow inlet or at the flow outlet.
- the thrust level is at
- the high speed of the fan accelerates the incoming air and causes in the
- the electrically powered turbofan engine forms the
- Thrust stage the flow inlet of the turbine and is arranged immediately before the multi-stage compression module.
- the compression module is designed to gradually increase the pressure of the air, so that the biased flow at the thrust nozzle is expelled into the atmosphere at high speed as a cold air jet and a vehicle after it
- Compression and expansion modules provided two shafts, the fan of a low-pressure expansion module and the
- a steam or gas turbine has at least one multi-stage expansion module, which is designed to be charged with high pressure and high temperature
- Fluid machine makes it possible to use a predetermined speed to achieve less energy consumption. Conversely, this means that with a steam turbine in a sequence of high, medium and low pressure expansion modules at a particular one
- Turbomachines and jet engines a right-turning cycle in which heat is converted into work.
- the embodiments can also have a left-turning process, in which, in the case of a heat pump with the supply of work, heat from one
- an embodiment of a heat pump consists of an electrically driven compression module, in which the housing and the tail unit and possibly also the drive are designed as a heat exchanger through which media flows and which transfers the compression heat to a heat transfer fluid carried in a separate circuit.
- the suction force caused by the impeller blades of the impellers adds up to a resulting suction at the flow inlet of the turbine, which draws in air from the heat transfer medium.
- the housing and the tail unit and possibly also the drive are designed as a heat exchanger through which media flows and which transfers the compression heat to a heat transfer fluid carried in a separate circuit.
- Heat transfer fluid flowing through the housing, the tail unit and possibly also the drive, the heat pumped by the heat pump can be used, e.g. heating a building,
- a cooling turbine is constructed accordingly, e.g. is designed to be a lounge
- the excess room air heat is first drawn in and compressed by an electrically driven compression stage, which increases the pressure and temperature of the air drawn in.
- the tail unit and the drive are designed as heat exchangers and flow through the heat transfer fluid of a separate refrigeration circuit, the heat can be very high, for example in the refrigeration circuit which provides for a phase change of the heat transfer fluid
- Expansion module cooled further in order to then be fed back into the room as cool supply air.
- Cooling turbine a vacuum cleaner that circulates the room air
- Room air conditioning circuit also described for cooling a traction battery or an internal combustion engine.
- Another application for a preferred cooling turbine is heat recovery from exhaust gas by means of a compression module which is designed as a heat exchanger and is driven by the hot exhaust gas itself.
- suction effect together with the driving effect of a race wing can also be used advantageously for the operation of a fan, a fan and generally a fan.
- a preferred turbine suction device is in
- Fig. 1 shows a stage of the expansion module of a steam turbine with cross sections of the impeller blades of the impeller and with Representation of the forces caused by flow dynamics in the perspective overview
- Fig. 2 shows a stage of the expansion module of a steam turbine with cross sections of the guide ring vanes of the stator
- FIG. 3 shows a low-pressure expansion module of a steam turbine with guide and rotor blades in a schematic longitudinal section
- Fig. 6 shows a stage of the expansion module of a gas turbine with cross sections of the guide ring vanes of the stator
- Fig. 7 shows a stage of the compression module of a gas turbine with cross sections of the guide ring vanes of the stator
- FIG. 8 shows the longitudinal section of an electrically or thermodynamically driven compression module with guide and raceway blades in a schematic longitudinal section
- Fig. 9 shows a stage of the compression module of a gas turbine with cross sections of the tandem airfoil on the guide ring vanes of the stator and the asymmetrical airfoil on the
- FIG. 10 the longitudinal section of an electrically or thermodynamically driven compression module with tandem wing profiles on the Guide ring wings and asymmetrical wing profiles on the
- Fig. 12 shows a thermodynamic turbofan engine
- Fig. 14 shows an inflow jet engine in schematic
- FIG. 16 a perspective view of a turbine suction device
- FIG. 17 the electrically driven compression module of the
- FIG. 19 the sheathed flow engine of FIG. 18 in a schematic longitudinal section
- FIGS. 18 and 19 show an aircraft 174 with two turbofan engines, the structure of which is that shown in FIGS. 18 and 19
- the stator 10 shows a stage, formed by a stator 10 and an impeller 11, of a multi-stage expansion module 15 of a turbomachine 16, which is designed as a steam turbine 160.
- the stator 10 consists of one of a plurality of
- Guide vane formed in 100 which is rigidly connected to the housing 101, while the impeller 11 has a plurality of turbine blades 111, which are connected on the shaft 110 side with an unspecified ring and at its outer end with a rotor blade 2 and through the steam can be driven.
- the guide vanes 100 are also called radial guide vanes in 100, although they are not necessarily strictly radial.
- the turbine blades 111 are also referred to as radial turbine blades 100, although they do not necessarily run strictly radially.
- Two further race wing 2 divide the impeller 11 into three fields.
- the race wing 2 are annular.
- Pressure side is on the inside of the race wing 2, with outside and inside with regard to the orientation of the
- Race wing 2 is meant relative to the axis of rotation x.
- the wing profile 22 of the race wing 2 can also as
- Race wing profile 22 are referred to. At a
- asymmetrical wing profile 22 can also be easily from
- convex suction side and concave pressure side are likewise clear to the person skilled in the art, for example the pressure side in the exemplary embodiment in the area of the wing nose n likewise being convex in some areas, but at least in some areas also being concave.
- the wing nose n of the asymmetrical wing profile 22 is for
- the raceway wing 2 has a comparison with the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting inflow C flatter pitch angle d of about 15 degrees to windward
- the buoyancy D engages the circular pressure point line q and causes a propulsive force E in the inclination plane N, which is in a plane in the rotation plane R.
- Thrust L is effective.
- the suction H acts radially to the axis of rotation x.
- FIG. 2 also shows a stage of the expansion module 15 of a steam turbine 160.
- the stator 10 in this exemplary embodiment has three guide ring vanes 20 which are arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation x and which are connected to the three rotor vanes 2 of the impeller 11
- the guide ring wings 20 are annular
- the guide ring vanes 20 have an asymmetrical wing profile 21 with a convex suction side, a concave pressure side, and one oriented towards the flow inlet 102
- Expansion module 15 aligned wing trailing edge e.
- the wing profile 21 of the guide ring wing 20 can also as
- Guide ring wing profile 21 are referred to. While the
- Suction sides or convex suction sides of the guide ring wings 20 are oriented towards the axis of rotation x, are the convex
- multi-stage expansion module 15 is relaxing flow S, 3, with a cone angle ⁇ x directed away from the axis of rotation x.
- the flow S receives a swirl, which it also from the
- Driving force E is the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting
- the inclination angle d is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation x, which, with an incline of approximately 18 degrees, is flatter than the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting inflow C itself.
- the radial turbine blades 111 of the impeller 11 are designed as twisted blade profiles and with one of the blade roots to the blade tip continuously flattening angle of attack with respect to the plane of rotation R inclined.
- FIG. 3 shows a cascade of three stages of the expansion module 15 of a turbomachine 16, each of which is formed from a stator 10 and an impeller 11 and which is designed as a steam turbine 160.
- the arrangement of the guide ring vanes 20 and the race ring vanes 2 of a step corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2
- the race wing 2 is a functional unit which is designed to increase the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting flow C of the race wing 2.
- the chords p des Asymmetrical wing profile 22 of the raceway wing 2 have a flatter pitch angle d with respect to the axis of rotation x than the chords p of the asymmetrical wing profile 21 of the guide ring wing 20.
- FIG. 4 shows a stage of the expansion module 15 of a steam turbine 160 formed by a stator 10 and an impeller 11, in which the guide ring wing 20 has a tandem wing profile 210 composed of two asymmetrical wing profiles 21. A section of the tandem wing profile 210 is shown in FIG. 10.
- the tandem wing profile 210 of the guide ring wing 20 has the task of imparting a maximum swirl to the flow S, so that the asymmetrical wing profile 22 of the race ring wing 2, as shown in FIG Tandem wing profiles 210 of the stator 10 and the asymmetrical wing profile 22 of the
- Impeller 11 each have different pitch angles d with respect to the axis of rotation x.
- the detail section shows the pitch angle d of the fluid dynamically effective
- FIG. 5 shows the impeller 11 of a steam turbine 160, in which a plurality of radial turbine blades 111 of the impeller 11 with a total of three are concentric about the axis of rotation x
- the impeller 11 is constructed from two semicircular segments which are connected to one another in the plane of rotation R by the springs 211 of a tongue-and-groove connection.
- the springs 211 are rigidly connected to one half of the impeller 11 by means of wedges or screw connections, while a sliding connection is established with the second half of the impeller 11.
- 6 shows a stage of the expansion module 15 of a turbomachine 16, which stage is formed by a stator wheel 10 and an impeller 11 and is designed as a gas turbine 161.
- the arranged guide ring wings 20 form a vane grille.
- the three guide ring vanes 20 influence the resulting flow C of the three assigned race ring vanes 2 of the impeller 11 adjoining the guide wheel 10 downstream, in that the flow S receives a swirl away from the axis of rotation x.
- resulting flow C flows against the race ring wing 2 in the inclination plane N with a cone angle ⁇ x and is composed of the flow velocity A and the circulation velocity B.
- the lift D caused by the asymmetrical wing profile 22 is inclined in the direction of rotation T of the impeller 11 towards windward.
- the suction H and the propulsive force E are derived from the buoyancy D in the inclination plane N.
- Driving force E as tangential driving force F.
- the second component of acts parallel to the axis of rotation x
- Propulsion force E as a suction force G directed towards the flow inlet 102.
- the propulsion force E is counteracted by the resistance J, which is divided in the rotation plane R into the rotation resistance K and parallel to the rotation axis x into the thrust force L.
- FIG. 7 shows a stage of the compression module 13 formed by a stator 10 and an impeller 11
- Turbomachine 16 which is designed as a gas turbine 161.
- the guide wheel 10 consists of a plurality of radial guide vanes 100 which together with three guide ring vanes 20 arranged concentrically around the axis of rotation x
- the three guide ring vanes 20 influence the resulting inflow C of three race ring vanes 2 of the impeller 11 adjoining the guide wheel 10 downstream, in that the flow S receives a swirl away from the axis of rotation x.
- the forces A to L caused by the flow ring dynamically in terms of flow correspond to the exemplary embodiment explained in FIG. 6.
- the concave side of the radial turbine blades 111 in the direction of rotation T of the impeller 11 is on the compression module 13
- a total of three race blades 2 are each non-positively connected to the radial turbine blades 111 of the
- Impeller 11 connected, wherein on the asymmetrical wing profile 22 of the race wing 2 a tongue and groove connection between the radial turbine blades 111 is provided, so that the replacement of a single radial
- Turbine blade 111 or a plurality of turbine blades 111
- the spring 211 has a fixed and a floating bearing on each joint, so that a radial one can be exchanged
- Turbine blade 111 the fixed bearing can be released and the spring 211 can be pushed back into a recess of the race wing 2 to the radial turbine blade 111 parallel to the
- Guide wheels 10 each have three rigid guide ring wings 20 with an asymmetrical wing profile 21, the chord p of which has a pitch angle d of approximately 20 degrees in the direction of the Flow inlet 102 is inclined toward the axis of rotation x, the suction side of the asymmetrical airfoil 21 being aligned with the shaft 110.
- the impeller 11 each has three concentric to the axis of rotation x rotating rotor blades 2 with asymmetrical wing profiles 22, the chords p with a pitch angle d of about 7 degrees in the direction of
- Flow inlets 102 are inclined towards the axis of rotation x, the suction sides of the asymmetrical wing profiles 22 being on the outside facing the housing 101. Together with the radial guide vanes 100, the guide ring vanes 20 form a vane grille that is designed to direct the flow S onto the impeller 11. On the impeller 11 form the
- the race wing 2 together with the radial turbine blades 111 is complementary to the vane grille of the stator 10
- Turbine blade grille which is designed to convert the kinetic energy of the flow S into a rotational movement with direction of rotation T.
- Profile chords p of the race wing 2 acts on the asymmetrical wing profiles 22 of the race wing 2 as an angle of attack in relation to the resulting flow C, so that the
- Race wing 2 deliver a maximum lift D, from which, as also shown in FIG. 7, the tangential driving force F and a windward suction force G are derived.
- Turbomachine 16 using the example of a gas turbine 161, in which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the three guide ring vanes 20 of the guide wheel 10
- tandem wing profile 210 As also shown in FIG. 10, the tandem wing profile 210 of the guide ring wing 20 influences the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting inflow C des
- Race wing 2 The vector representation of the forces AL on a section of the race wing 2 shows the cone angle ⁇ x the resulting inflow C as a vector sum of the flow velocity A and the rotational speed B of the impeller 11.
- the diagonal overflow of the impeller blade 2 causes an inclination in the direction of rotation T of the impeller 11
- Buoyancy D from which the tangential driving force F and the suction force G oriented towards the flow inlet 102 are derived.
- thermodynamically or electrically driven turbine 1 the overflow of the tandem wing profiles 210 of the guide wheels 10 and the asymmetrical wing profiles 22 of the impellers 11.
- Tandem wing profile 210 consists of two each other
- chords p of the race wing 2 are with a
- the flow S is again regularly aligned parallel to the axis of rotation x on the rotor blades 2 of the impellers 11, so that the forces caused by the flow dynamics on the tandem wing profiles 210 largely cancel each other out.
- the flow inlet 102 has a thrust stage 12 formed by an impeller 11 and a stator 10, to which several successive steps in the direction of the flow S.
- the combustion chambers 14 act as a drive for the impeller 11 through the thermodynamic process (combustion).
- the impeller 11 of the thrust stage 12 consists of a plurality of radial turbine blades 111, which act as a fan 112 and are connected at their outer end to a rotor blade 2.
- a fan is usually a front engine stage with comparatively large blades.
- the acceleration of the flow S through the radial turbine blades 111 is accompanied by an abrupt pressure drop in the plane of rotation R, so that the flow velocity A and the
- Circular velocity B, resulting flow C has a cone angle ⁇ x inclined to the axis of rotation x.
- the suction side of the race wing 2 is therefore on the inside of the asymmetrical wing profile 22.
- the resulting flow C in the inclination plane N causes a lift D inclined in the direction of rotation T, which can be divided into the propulsive force E and the suction H.
- a component of the driving force E acts in the plane of rotation R as
- Exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 also have the compression modules 13 adjoining the thrust stage 12 and those adjoining the combustion chamber 14
- Expansion module 15 each have a plurality of raceway wings 2, which also each have a rotary and suction effect.
- Fig. 12 shows a turbine jet engine 17 as
- FIG. 13 shows the structure of a turbine jet engine 17, which is designed as a propane engine 171, in one schematic longitudinal section.
- the fan 112 formed by an impeller 11 and a stator 10 at the flow inlet 102 is followed by the multi-stage compression module 13, the combustion chamber 4_, the multi-stage expansion module 15 and a thrust stage 12 am formed by a stator 10 and an impeller Flow outlet 103 of two
- Flow outlet 103 connected to the impeller 11 of the thrust stage 12, and the radial turbine blades 111 of the thrust stage 12 have an impeller blade 2 at their outer end.
- the pressure drop in the plane of rotation of the impeller 11, as explained in FIG. 11, causes the resulting flow C
- Race wing 2 with a cone angle ⁇ x Race wing 2 with a cone angle ⁇ x.
- FIG. 14 shows the structure of a turbine jet engine 17, which is designed as an inflow jet engine 173, in a schematic longitudinal section.
- the first stage formed by a fan 112 and a stator 10 at the flow inlet 102 is followed by the multi-stage compression module 13, the combustion chamber 4_ and the multi-stage expansion module 15 at the flow outlet 103 of the housing 101 of the turbine 1.
- Turbine blades 111 of the impellers 11 of the compression module 13 and of the expansion module 15 are each connected at the outer end to a raceway wing 2, the suction side of the asymmetrical wing profile 22 on the compression module 13 facing the axis of rotation x and on the expansion module 15 facing the housing 101. As shown in Fig. 11, that for the
- Effectiveness of the race wing 2 required cone angle ⁇ x on the race wing 2 of the impellers 11 at the flow inlet 102 by the pressure drop of the flow S in the plane of rotation R of the fan 112 and in the further course of the flow S in the
- Compression module 13 through the outer flow guide surface 105 of the housing 101, and on the expansion module 15 through the
- FIG. 15 shows a turbine jet engine 17 as a shaft turbine 172 in a schematic longitudinal section with a compression module 13 at the flow inlet 102 and one
- the function and arrangement of the raceway ring 2 correspond to that explained in FIG. 12
- FIG. 16 shows a turbine suction device 19 for commercial or domestic use. As shown in Fig. 17, the high one
- Compression module 13 the suction hose 190 and the
- the drive 18 is, for example, an electric motor or a thermodynamic drive,
- Compression module 13 in which a plurality of stages, each formed by a stator 10 and an impeller 11, are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the flow S.
- the suction effect of the turbine is based on that described in FIG. 8
- a flow-through e.g. formed by a paper sack
- Collection container 191 arranged, while at the flow outlet 103, the housing 101 is connected to the shaft and the electric motor ljJ. 18 shows a turbine 1 with a turbine jet engine 17, which is designed as an electrically driven turbofan engine 170. At the flow inlet 102 of the turbine, an impeller 11 designed as a fan 112 is provided, the radial turbine blades 111 of which have an outer end
- Race wing 2 are connected downstream of the fan 112, the flow S divides into an outer on the housing 101 with a two-shell construction and on the stator 10 following the impeller 11
- Sheath flow and an internal flow that flows through the compression module 13 constructed in several stages.
- One stage of the compression module 13 in each case consists of a stator 10 with guide ring vanes 20 and an impeller 11 with race ring vanes 2 and essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment explained in more detail in FIG. 8.
- the electric motor 18 drives this
- a separate shaft (not visible in the view) is provided for driving the thrust stage 12 formed by the fan 112 and the stator 10.
- the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting flow C of the race wing 2 causes a lift D inclined in the direction of rotation T and upward, which is divided in the plane of inclination N into a propulsive force E and a suction H directed towards the axis of rotation x.
- the plane of rotation R drives the tangential
- FIG. 19 shows the turbofan engine 170 driven by an electric motor ljj or another drive ljj according to FIG. 18 in a schematic sectional view along the axis of rotation x.
- the radial turbine blades 111 of the fan 112 accelerate the flow S, so that the sudden drop in pressure in the plane of rotation R causes the flow S as shown
- Pressure drop in the flow tube causes, as in FIG. 18 shown, the cone angle ⁇ x of the resulting inflow C, the tangential driving force F in the plane of rotation R on the raceway ring 2 and parallel to the axis of rotation x
- the compression module 13 consists of a cascade-like sequence of a total of four stages, each of which is formed by stator wheels 10 and impellers 11, the stator wheels 10 being shown in FIG. 8
- Turbines 1 is driven, which are designed as turbine jet engines 17 and each have a turbofan engine 170, that shown in FIGS. 18 and 19
- Embodiment corresponds.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018006175.3A DE102018006175B4 (de) | 2018-08-01 | 2018-08-01 | Kaskadenturbine |
PCT/EP2019/070542 WO2020025635A1 (de) | 2018-08-01 | 2019-07-30 | Kaskadenturbine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3830395A1 true EP3830395A1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
Family
ID=67614553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19752662.7A Withdrawn EP3830395A1 (de) | 2018-08-01 | 2019-07-30 | Kaskadenturbine |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP3830395A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018006175B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020025635A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB719236A (en) * | 1952-02-06 | 1954-12-01 | English Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to multi-stage axial flow compressors |
US3588265A (en) * | 1968-04-19 | 1971-06-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | System and method for providing steam turbine operation with improved dynamics |
DE19858702B4 (de) * | 1998-12-18 | 2004-07-01 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verbinden von Schaufelteilen einer Gasturbine, sowie Schaufel und Rotor für eine Gasturbine |
DE10257044B4 (de) * | 2002-12-06 | 2005-01-27 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Gasturbine |
JP5124276B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-07 | 2013-01-23 | ボルボ エアロ コーポレイション | ガスタービン中間構造および該中間構造を含むガスタービンエンジン |
US7654794B2 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2010-02-02 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for assembling steam turbines |
US8182228B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-05-22 | General Electric Company | Turbine blade having midspan shroud with recessed wear pad and methods for manufacture |
JP5558095B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社東芝 | タービン動翼翼列および蒸気タービン |
US9546555B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2017-01-17 | General Electric Company | Tapered part-span shroud |
DE102013212880A1 (de) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Aerodynamisches Koppelelement zweier Laufschaufeln |
DE102014206216B4 (de) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-12-29 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verdichtungsgitter für einen Axialverdichter |
US10132169B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-11-20 | General Electric Company | Shrouded turbine rotor blades |
WO2017184138A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Preloaded snubber assembly for turbine blades |
US10605257B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-03-31 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Thrust-ring and rotor fan system |
-
2018
- 2018-08-01 DE DE102018006175.3A patent/DE102018006175B4/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-07-30 WO PCT/EP2019/070542 patent/WO2020025635A1/de unknown
- 2019-07-30 EP EP19752662.7A patent/EP3830395A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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DE102018006175A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
DE102018006175B4 (de) | 2020-08-13 |
WO2020025635A1 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
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