EP3828484B1 - Ejektion eines kühlmittels - Google Patents

Ejektion eines kühlmittels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3828484B1
EP3828484B1 EP19211531.9A EP19211531A EP3828484B1 EP 3828484 B1 EP3828484 B1 EP 3828484B1 EP 19211531 A EP19211531 A EP 19211531A EP 3828484 B1 EP3828484 B1 EP 3828484B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
storage tank
ejection
filling level
ejected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19211531.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3828484A1 (de
Inventor
Christine KASTEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH
Priority to EP19211531.9A priority Critical patent/EP3828484B1/de
Priority to ES19211531T priority patent/ES2964198T3/es
Priority to PT192115319T priority patent/PT3828484T/pt
Priority to PL19211531.9T priority patent/PL3828484T3/pl
Publication of EP3828484A1 publication Critical patent/EP3828484A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3828484B1 publication Critical patent/EP3828484B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25D2500/02—Geometry problems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2600/00—Control issues
    • F25D2600/04—Controlling heat transfer

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method and a device for ejecting a coolant. Further, the invention is directed to a method for cooling an object by the coolant, in particular a food product. In particular, liquid nitrogen is used as the coolant.
  • Coolants such a nitrogen can be used to cool objects such as food products.
  • the cooling power provided by the coolant is desired to be constant.
  • the cooling power usually decreases over time. This is due to the fact that the cooling power depends on the gas fraction of the nitrogen. With the filling level of the liquid nitrogen decreasing, the gas fraction increases and the cooling power decreases.
  • an object of the present invention to overcome at least in part the disadvantages known from prior art and, in particular, to provide a method and a device for ejecting a coolant such that a particularly constant cooling power can be achieved.
  • a coolant can be ejected.
  • the coolant can be ejected form one or more nozzles.
  • the first ejection installation and/or the second ejection installation comprise at least one respective nozzle.
  • the ejected coolant can be used for a further process.
  • the coolant can be ejected such that an object can be cooled by the coolant.
  • the coolant can be ejected in order to cool a food product as the object.
  • the method can be applied, in particular, to a freezer for cooling objects. That is, by the described method the coolant can be ejected from the ejection installations and thereby introduced into the freezer.
  • the ejection installations are thus preferably arranged within a cooling chamber of a freezer, in particular of a freezer for cooling food products.
  • the coolant is a substance that can be used for cooling.
  • the coolant is gaseous at standard conditions.
  • the coolant is a cryogenic substance.
  • the coolant can be ejected such that a particularly constant cooling power can be achieved. This is due to the fact that the coolant is ejected via different ejection installations depending on the filling level.
  • the first filling installation can be adapted to properties of the coolant at relatively high filling levels
  • the second filling installation can be adapted to properties of the coolant a relatively low filling levels.
  • the first filling installation and the second filling installation are separate elements.
  • the first filling installation is configured differently from the second filling installation.
  • the first ejection installation is adapted to ejecting the coolant having a first gas fraction and the second ejection installation is adapted to ejecting the coolant having a second gas fraction, wherein the first gas fraction is lower than the second gas fraction, in particular by a factor in the range of 5 to 20.
  • the cooling power can be maintained constant particularly well, in particular compared to a mere flow rate control.
  • the flow rate could be controlled only within an insufficiently small range.
  • the described method adds a further degree of freedom to the control.
  • step a) the coolant is provided within the storage tank.
  • the storage tank can be any enclosed volume in which the coolant can be stored.
  • the coolant can be provided such that the storage tank is filled prior to the beginning of the method, wherein the filled storage tank is provided as step a).
  • the coolant can be provided in step a) by filling the coolant into the storage tank.
  • the coolant is provided in step a) such that the storage tank is filled up to a maximum filling level.
  • the maximum filling level corresponds to the maximum amount of the coolant that is supposed to be filled into the storage tank.
  • the coolant within the storage tank is provided such that the coolant in the storage tank comprises a liquid phase and, preferably, also a gaseous phase. Naturally, the gaseous phase is arranged on top of the liquid phase. Within the storage tank the liquid phase and the gaseous phase are preferably in thermal equilibrium with each other. That is, the pressure within the storage tank is the equilibrium vapor pressure.
  • step b) the filling level of the liquid phase of the coolant within the storage tank is determined. This can be done, for example, by means of a differential pressure measurement.
  • the filling level is a measure for the distance from the lowest point of the storage tank to where the gaseous phase and the liquid phase adjoin each other.
  • the latter can be referred to as the dividing line between the gaseous phase and the liquid phase.
  • the absolute filling level that is the distance from the lowest point of the storage tank to the dividing line between the liquid phase and the gaseous phase of the coolant. It is sufficient to determine the filling level with respect to a fixed reference point, that is the distance from the reference point to the dividing line between the liquid and gaseous phases of the coolant. If the reference point is not the lowest point of the storage tank, the determined filling level deviates from the absolute filling level by a constant offset. Such a constant offset, however, is irrelevant for the described method.
  • the coolant is ejected either via the first ejection installation (step c1)) or via the second ejection installation (step c2)). That is, steps c1) and c2) may be alternatives, of which one is performed at a time. However, the methods comprises both steps. That is, during a first period of time the coolant is ejected via the first ejection installation according to step c1) and during a second period of time, the coolant is ejected via the second ejection installation according to step c2).
  • the first period of time can be before or after the second period of time.
  • the first and second periods of time follow each other preferably, but not necessarily, without a time gap in between.
  • the coolant is ejected via the first ejection installation (step c1)). If the filling level is lower than the predetermined threshold, the coolant is ejected via the second ejection installation (step c2)). Starting from a storage tank filled to the maximum filling level the coolant is first ejected via the first filling installation (step c1)). Over time, the filling level decreases. Once the filling level is lower than the threshold, the coolant is ejected via the second filling installation (step c2)).
  • the threshold is preferably between 30 and 60 % of the maximum filling level.
  • the threshold is set according to a set of initial tests.
  • the coolant is nitrogen.
  • Nitrogen is a cryogenic substance with a boiling point of 77 K.
  • the method according to the present embodiment is thus applicable to processes, in which correspondingly low temperatures are desired.
  • the fact that nitrogen is the coolant thus defines the technical field of the presented method.
  • nitrogen shows the described effect that the achievable cooling power depends on the gas fraction of the coolant.
  • the coolant is extracted from a bottom of the storage tank.
  • the temperature within the storage tank is low.
  • the density of the coolant is highest at the bottom of the storage tank. Accordingly, the temperature of the coolant is lowest at the bottom of the storage tank.
  • the gas fraction of the coolant extracted at the bottom of the storage tank is low and the cooling power is high.
  • the gas fraction of the coolant extracted from the storage tank increases. This is due to the fact that the temperature of the coolant is higher at the top of the liquid phase than at the bottom of the liquid phase. The more coolant is consumed, the more coolant from an upper layer of the liquid phase is extracted at the bottom of the storage tank. This effect is also enhanced by heat intake into the storage tank.
  • the bottom of the storage tank is the lower side of the storage tank. If the storage tank has a cylindrical shape, the bottom of the storage tank is the lower end face of the cylinder. If the storage tank has a shape that deviates from a cylindrical shape, a corresponding definition applies.
  • the coolant is ejected at a first flow rate in step c1), wherein the coolant is ejected at a second flow rate in step c2), and wherein the first flow rate is lower than the second flow rate.
  • Step c1) is performed if the filling level is high and, correspondingly, the gas fraction of the coolant is low and the achievable cooling power is high. Thus, the comparatively low flow rate is sufficient.
  • Step c2) is performed if the filling level is low and, correspondingly, the gas fraction of the coolant is high and the achievable cooling power is low. The lower cooling power can be compensated by using a higher flow rate.
  • the first flow rate is between 5 and 20 times lower than the second flow rate.
  • the coolant is ejected only via one of the ejection installations at a time.
  • the coolant is ejected only via the first ejection installation in step c1) and only via the second ejection installation in step c2). Steps c1) and c2) are not performed simultaneously.
  • a method for cooling an object wherein a coolant is ejected by the described method such that the object is cooled by the coolant.
  • the object is a food product.
  • the technical field of the method is defined by the fact that food products are cooled.
  • a constant cooling power is desirable.
  • the described methods are preferably performed using the device.
  • the device is configured for ejecting the coolant according to the method for ejecting a coolant.
  • the device is configured for cooling an object according to the method for cooling an object.
  • the device is preferably a freezer, in particular for cooling food products.
  • the level meter is preferably configured for measuring the filling level as a differential pressure measurement. Therefore, the level meter preferably comprises an upper pressure sensor for measuring the pressure at the top of the storage tank, a lower pressure sensor for measuring the pressure at the bottom of the storage tank and a calculation element for calculating the filling level based on measurement results obtained from the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor.
  • the control unit is preferably configured to control the device such that steps c1) and c2) can be performed.
  • the first ejection installation is configured for ejecting the coolant with a first flow cross section
  • the second ejection installation is configured for ejecting the coolant with a second flow cross section
  • the first flow cross section is smaller than the second flow cross section
  • a certain flow cross section corresponds to a respective flow rate.
  • the above description of the flow rates applies to the flow cross sections. Due to the different flow cross sections the first ejection installation is better suitable for high filling levels and the second ejection installation is better suitable for low filling levels.
  • the first flow cross section is between 5 and 20 times smaller than the second flow cross section.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device 1 for ejecting a coolant 2.
  • the device 1 comprises a storage tank 5 for the coolant 2.
  • the coolant 2 can be extracted for ejection at a bottom 9 of the storage tank 5.
  • the coolant 2 within the storage tank 5 comprises a liquid phase 3 and a gaseous phase 4.
  • a dashed dividing line indicates where the liquid phase 3 and the gaseous phase 4 adjoin one another.
  • the distance of the dashed dividing line from the bottom 9 of the storage tank 5 is a filling level 8 of the liquid phase 3 of the coolant 2 within the storage tank 5.
  • a high filling level 8 results in a low gas fraction of the ejected coolant 2 and in a high cooling power.
  • a lower filling level 8 results in a higher gas fraction of the ejected coolant 2 and in a lower cooling power.
  • the flow rate can be increased. Therefore, the coolant 2 can be ejected from the storage tank 5 via a first ejection installation 6 or via a second ejection installation 7.
  • the first ejection installation 6 is configured for ejecting the coolant 2 with a first flow cross section
  • the second ejection installation 7 is configured for ejecting the coolant 2 with a second flow cross section.
  • the first flow cross section is between 5 and 20 times lower than the second flow cross section. At a given pressure of the coolant 2, a certain flow cross section corresponds to a respective flow rate.
  • the first ejection installation 6 is better suitable for high filling levels 8
  • the second ejection installation 7 is better suitable for low filling levels 8.
  • the device comprises a switch vale 17 within a piping 10 between the storage tank 5, the first ejection installation 6 and the second ejection installation 7.
  • the switch valve 17 is connected to a control unit 16.
  • the control unit 16 is configured such that the switch valve 17 is operated depending on the filling level 8:
  • the coolant 2 is ejected from the storage tank 5 via the first ejection installation 6 if the filling level 8 is above a predetermined threshold, and via the second ejection installation 7 if the filling level 8 is below the predetermined threshold.
  • the filling level 8 can be determined as a differential pressure measurement by means of a level meter 12.
  • the level meter 12 comprises an upper pressure sensor 13 for measuring the pressure at the top of the storage tank 5 and a lower pressure sensor 14 for measuring the pressure at the bottom 9 of the storage tank 5.
  • the measurement values obtained by the upper pressure sensor 13 and the lower pressure sensor 14 are supplied to a calculation element 15 of the level meter 12, wherein the filling level 8 is determined.
  • the filling level 8 determined by the level meter 12 is supplied to a control unit 16.
  • the calculation element 15 and the control unit 15 are shown as separate elements in order to point out that the upper pressure sensor 13, the lower pressure sensor 14 and the calculation element 15 for the level meter 12. However, it is also possible and even preferred that the filling level 8 is calculated in the control unit 16. Therefore, the upper pressure sensor 13 and the lower pressure sensor 14 can be connected directly to the control unit 16. In that case the calculation element 15 can be considered part of the control unit 16.
  • the device 1 can be used, in particular, for cooling an object 11. Thereby, the coolant 2 is ejected such that the object 11 is cooled by the coolant 2.
  • the object 11 is preferably a food product.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for ejecting a coolant 2, in particular nitrogen.
  • the method can be performed with the device 1 of Fig. 1 .
  • the method is described using the reference numerals of Fig. 1 .
  • the method comprises:
  • step c1) is performed. Due to consumption of the coolant 2, the filling level 8 can decrease. Once the threshold has been passed, step c2) is performed instead of step c1).
  • a coolant 2 can be ejected such that a particularly constant cooling power can be achieved. Thereby, a decrease in the cooling power due to an increase in the gas fraction of the coolant 2 can be compensated by switching from the first ejection installation 6 to the second ejection installation 7 allowing a higher flow rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Ausstoßen eines Kühlmittels (2), umfassend:
    a) Bereitstellen des Kühlmittels (2) in einem Vorratstank (5), wobei das Kühlmittel (2) eine flüssige Phase (3) umfasst,
    b) Bestimmen eines Füllstands (8) der flüssigen Phase (3) des Kühlmittels (2) im Vorratstank (5),
    c1) Ausstoßen des Kühlmittels (2) aus dem Vorratstank (5) über eine erste Ausstoßeinrichtung (6), wenn der in Schritt b) ermittelte Füllstand (8) oberhalb eines vorbestimmten Schwellenwertes liegt, und
    c2) Ausstoßen des Kühlmittels (2) aus dem Vorratstank (5) über eine zweite Ausstoßeinrichtung (7), wenn der in Schritt b) ermittelte Füllstand (8) unterhalb des vorbestimmten Schwellenwertes liegt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlmittel (2) in Schritt c1) mit einem ersten Durchsatz ausgestoßen wird, dass das Kühlmittel in Schritt c2) mit einem zweiten Durchsatz ausgestoßen wird und dass der erste Durchsatz geringer als der zweite Durchsatz ist.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Kühlmittel (2) Stickstoff ist.
  3. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei in den Schritten c1) und c2) das Kühlmittel (2) von einem Boden (9) des Vorratstanks (5) entnommen wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der erste Durchsatz zwischen 5- und 20-mal geringer als der zweite Durchsatz ist.
  5. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Kühlmittel (2) zu jedem Zeitpunkt nur über eine der Ausstoßeinrichtungen (6, 7) ausgestoßen wird.
  6. Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Objekts (11), wobei ein Kühlmittel (2) so durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ausgestoßen wird, dass das Objekt (11) durch das Kühlmittel (2) gekühlt wird.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei das Objekt (11) ein Lebensmittelprodukt ist.
  8. Vorrichtung (1) zum Ausstoßen eines Kühlmittels (2), das eine flüssige Phase umfasst, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst:
    - einen Vorratstank (5) für das Kühlmittel (2),
    - eine erste Ausstoßeinrichtung (6), die mit dem Vorratstank (5) verbunden ist,
    - eine zweite Ausstoßeinrichtung (7), die mit dem Vorratstank (5) verbunden ist,
    - einen Füllstandsmesser (12) zum Bestimmen eines Füllstands (8) einer flüssigen Phase (3) des Kühlmittels (2) im Vorratstank (5), und
    - eine Steuereinheit (16), die so ausgelegt ist, dass das Kühlmittel (2) über die erste Ausstoßeinrichtung (6) aus dem Vorratstank (5) ausgestoßen werden kann, wenn der durch den Füllstandsmesser (12) ermittelte Füllstand (8) oberhalb eines vorbestimmten Schwellenwertes liegt, und über die zweite Ausstoßeinrichtung (7) ausgestoßen werden kann, wenn der durch den Füllstandsmesser (12) ermittelte Füllstand (8) unterhalb des vorbestimmten Schwellenwertes liegt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Ausstoßeinrichtung (6) zum Ausstoßen des Kühlmittels (2) mit einem ersten Strömungsquerschnitt ausgebildet ist, dass die zweite Ausstoßeinrichtung (7) zum Ausstoßen des Kühlmittels (2) mit einem zweiten Strömungsquerschnitt ausgebildet ist, und dass der erste Strömungsquerschnitt kleiner als der zweite Strömungsquerschnitt ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (1) gemäß Anspruch 8, wobei der erste Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen 5- und 20-mal kleiner als der zweite Strömungsquerschnitt ist.
EP19211531.9A 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Ejektion eines kühlmittels Active EP3828484B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19211531.9A EP3828484B1 (de) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Ejektion eines kühlmittels
ES19211531T ES2964198T3 (es) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Expulsión de un fluido refrigerante
PT192115319T PT3828484T (pt) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Ejeção de um líquido de arrefecimento
PL19211531.9T PL3828484T3 (pl) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Wyrzut chłodziwa

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19211531.9A EP3828484B1 (de) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Ejektion eines kühlmittels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3828484A1 EP3828484A1 (de) 2021-06-02
EP3828484B1 true EP3828484B1 (de) 2023-09-06

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ID=68699165

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19211531.9A Active EP3828484B1 (de) 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 Ejektion eines kühlmittels

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3828484B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2964198T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3828484T3 (de)
PT (1) PT3828484T (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5477691A (en) * 1994-09-30 1995-12-26 Praxair Technology, Inc. Liquid cryogen delivery system
US20100139293A1 (en) * 2008-06-19 2010-06-10 Yamil Adiv Maccise Sade Ultrafast food freezing equipment by direct contact with dosed liquid nitrogen
JP6508707B2 (ja) * 2015-01-27 2019-05-08 有限会社クールテクノス 低温液化ガスの噴射状態の調整方法および低温液化ガス噴射装置

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Publication number Publication date
ES2964198T3 (es) 2024-04-04
PT3828484T (pt) 2023-11-30
PL3828484T3 (pl) 2024-02-12
EP3828484A1 (de) 2021-06-02

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