EP3824070A1 - Méthode de biocontrôle de la fusariose des céréales - Google Patents
Méthode de biocontrôle de la fusariose des céréalesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3824070A1 EP3824070A1 EP19740582.2A EP19740582A EP3824070A1 EP 3824070 A1 EP3824070 A1 EP 3824070A1 EP 19740582 A EP19740582 A EP 19740582A EP 3824070 A1 EP3824070 A1 EP 3824070A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strain
- wheat
- cereals
- trichoderma
- fusarium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/38—Trichoderma
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/145—Fungi isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/885—Trichoderma
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cereals, and in particular of Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat, by the use of a strain of the antagonistic fungus, Trichoderma sp.
- Biocontrol is defined as a method of crop protection based on the use of macroorganisms, microorganisms, natural substances and chemical mediators (such as pheromones).
- Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease of cereals, especially caused by certain fungi of the genera Fusarium and Microdochium.
- the development of these diseases in cereal crops varies greatly according to the species and varieties considered and according to the climatic conditions at the time of earing and beginning of flowering.
- Fusarium head blight can cause significant yield losses (between 20 and 40% of yield in intensive farming) but above all it can cause grain contamination by the production of mycotoxins (such as my cotoxin "deoxynivalenol "Or” DON ”) and therefore a deterioration in the sanitary quality of the wheat grain.
- FHB Fusarium head blight
- M. nivale nivale and M. nivale majus have already been described in the literature.
- Trichoderma harzianum a preventive application on the ear of wheat by Trichoderma harzianum was carried out by the Indian team from Panwar at al. (2014) 1 .
- the authors manage to observe a certain protection against Fusarium head blight and propose a combination of two species of Trichoderma.
- Trichoderma strains are Indian and the current recommendations for European regulations are to use strains from the country of origin (native strains), in this case strains from European countries. It is indeed important to be able to have native strains in order to limit the proliferation of unwanted organisms.
- T. gamsii species has a major handicap: its sporulation is insufficient to allow aerial applications to be considered in the field. Thus, only incorporation on the ground is currently envisaged in Italy to fight against the early attacks of Fusarium.
- One of the aims of the invention is to isolate one or more new strains of the antagonistic fungus, Trichoderma sp., which have a geographical origin in Europe, and preferably France, and which make it possible in particular to fight against Fusarium wilt of l 'ear of corn.
- Another object of the invention is to isolate one or more new strains of Trichoderma sp. which can be applied by air (as opposed to soil) on cereal crops, including wheat crops.
- Yet another object of the invention is to isolate one or more new strains of Trichoderma sp. which can replace (at least partially) the azole fungicidal chemicals currently used on the market to fight against Fusarium wilt in cereals, and in particular Fusarium wilt in the ear of wheat.
- Another object of the invention is to isolate one or more new strains of Trichoderma sp. which can be used in combination with fungicides of the azole type, with the aim of significantly reducing the recommended approved dose of fungicide for an effective action in the fight against Fusarium wilt of cereals, and in particular Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat.
- the invention aims to find a new method of biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of cereals, and in particular of Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat, which is an alternative or complementary method to the methods of fight against Fusarium wilt which mainly use azole fungicides.
- Trichoderma sp After intense research carried out by the Inventors on the fungus Trichoderma sp, they have succeeded in isolating from soil of wheat crops in France strains of Trichoderma, and more particularly a strain of Trichoderma harzianum which has a very effective action in the fight against Fusarium wilt of cereals, and in particular Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat.
- This strain could also advantageously be used with fungicides of the azole type.
- a first object of the invention resides in a new strain of Trichoderma harzianum.
- a second object of the invention is the use of this new strain of Trichoderma harzianum for combating Fusarium wilt in cereals, and in particular Fusarium wilt in the ear of wheat.
- Another object of the invention resides in a process for combating Fusarium wilt in cereals, and in particular against Fusarium wilt in the ear of wheat, characterized in that it comprises a step of bringing the new strain of Trichoderma into contact. harzianum with cereals.
- compositions making it possible to combat fusarium wilt in cereals, said composition comprising the Trichoderma harzianum strain of the invention, a formulating agent and / or an adjuvant agent, and optionally a fungicidal agent of the type azole.
- Another object of the invention resides in a kit comprising separately the Trichoderma harzianum strain of the invention and a fungicidal agent of the azole type.
- the new strain of the invention is more particularly the Trichoderma harzianum strain deposited on June 12, 2018 with the National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms (CNCM), 25-28 rue du Dondel Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, under the number CNCM 1-5327.
- strain in the present application more particularly designates a "filamentous fungus strain”.
- filamentous fungus strain is understood to mean an individual of a given species composed of identical nuclei within the same cytoplasm. These identical nuclei give the strain identical and stable morphological, physiological and ecological properties. The strain is obtained after regeneration of a spore. If this spore is uninucleated, which is the case with Trichoderma, we speak of a clone.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the strain Tr B for combating Fusarium wilt of cereals chosen from the group comprising wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, triticale, oats, rye and corn, and preferably the corn.
- Wheat Brachypodium distachyon, triticale, oats, rye, and corn are cereals from the Poaceae family (Poaceae).
- the above-mentioned wheat denotes both soft wheat and durum wheat.
- varieties of soft wheat mention may be made of varieties of soft winter wheat such as Rubisko, Cellule, Apache and Boregar.
- durum wheat varieties include varieties such as MySQL, Miradoux and Sculptur.
- the term "combating” means a method of preventing and / or treating fusarium wilt in cereals, and preferably a method of preventing Fusarium wilt in wheat.
- prevention method means total or partial prevention.
- Total prevention will prevent cereals from being infected with Fusarium wilt once the Trichoderma strain of the invention has been applied to cereals.
- Partial prevention will not prevent Fusarium wilt from developing, but nevertheless the symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt will be less severe and / or fewer ears will be infected with Fusarium wilt.
- the Tr B strain of the invention is particularly effective in combating Fusarium wilt caused by a fungal phytopathogen of the genus Fusarium and / or Microdochium.
- phytotopathogenic agent of the genus Fusarium mention may be made of those chosen from the group comprising Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Fusarium equiseti and their mixtures.
- phytopathogenic agent of the genus Microdochium By way of examples of phytopathogenic agent of the genus Microdochium, mention may be made of Microdochium nivale, and more particularly the two subspecies M. nivale majus and M. nivale nivale.
- the strain Tr B is particularly effective in combating Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat.
- the strain Tr B is particularly effective in reducing the content of mycotoxins present in wheat, said mycotoxins being in particular deoxynivalenol (DON).
- DON deoxynivalenol
- the Trichoderma Tr B strain of the invention therefore also makes it possible to fight against Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat by reducing the content of DON mycotoxins present in wheat.
- the application of the strain Tr B will be carried out at the level of the ear of the cereal, and preferably the ear of wheat.
- the application of the strain Tr B will preferably be carried out from the beginning of the flowering of the cereals and until the full flowering of the cereals.
- the application of the strain Tr B will advantageously be carried out from the BBCH 61 stage and up to the BBCH 65 stage.
- one to two applications of the strain Tr B are sufficient for an effective action against Fusarium wilt of cereals, and in particular Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat.
- the “BBCH 61” stage corresponds to the start of flowering, the first anthers are visible.
- the “BBCH 65” stage corresponds to full flowering, 50% of the anthers are out.
- the Trichoderma Tr B strain is applied from the start of flowering of the cereals, several days before the BBCH 65 stage.
- the strain Tr B is applied to cereals, at a concentration of spores ranging from 10 6 to 10 9 spores / ml, and preferably from 10 7 to 10 8 spores / ml, in a volume of 100 to 200 liters per hectare.
- strain Trichoderma Tr B in combination with a fungicide of the azole type chosen from the group comprising prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, mefentrifluconazole and their mixtures.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore the use of the Trichoderma Tr B strain for separate or sequential administration with said azole fungicide.
- the fungicide will preferably be applied after the application of the strain Tr B on the ears.
- the strain Tr B of the invention may be applied in a first step to the ear of wheat at the BBCH 61 stage, then a fungicide of the azole type may be applied in a second step to the ear of wheat at BBCH 65 stage.
- the amount of fungicide is from 2% to 60%, and preferably from 4% to 35% of the recommended dose for effective action in the fight against Fusarium wilt.
- the term “recommended dose” is understood to mean the dose usually used in agricultural practice. Thus the commercial specialties based on tebuconazole are approved at 1 l / ha (liter per hectare) but the recommended doses are rather at 0.8 l / ha, or even 0.75 l / ha.
- the approved dose is the maximum dose authorized per treatment for a plant protection product (in this case fungicide) on a crop and for a target organism (for example a parasite or a rodent).
- strain Tr B of the invention with the fungicide of the azole type is therefore particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to appreciably reduce the amounts of fungicide recommended for effective action.
- the present invention also relates to a composition for combating Fusarium wilt in cereals, characterized in that it comprises:
- the formulation agent and / or adjuvant agent is one of those usually used in compositions intended for agricultural use.
- composition described above can be defined as a crop protection composition based on the use of living organisms and thus responds to the desire to reduce the dependence of agriculture on synthetic pesticides.
- the invention also relates to a kit characterized in that it includes, separately:
- a fungicide of the azole type chosen from the group comprising prothioconazole, tebuconazole, metconazole, mefentrifluconazole and their mixtures.
- the present invention also relates to a process for combating Fusarium wilt in cereals, and preferably Fusarium wilt of the ear of wheat, said process being characterized in that it comprises a step of bringing the Trichoderma harzianum strain into contact. Tr B with cereals. As indicated above, said contact between the strain Tr B and the cereals takes place at the level of the ear of the cereals, and preferably of the ear of wheat.
- the step of bringing the strain Tr B into contact with the cereals is carried out from the start of the flowering of the cereals and up to '' at full flowering of the cereals, i.e. from the BBCH 61 stage and up to the BBCH 65 stage.
- the process for combating Fusarium wilt in cereals, and preferably Fusarium wilt in the ear of wheat is further characterized in that it further comprises a step of bringing the cereals into contact with an azole fungicide as defined above, said fungicide being applied separately or sequentially with the strain Tr B.
- the fungicide will preferably be applied after the application of Trichoderma on the ears.
- the subject of the invention is also a method of combating fusarium wilt in cereals, and preferably fusariosis in the ear of wheat, said method being characterized in that it comprises a step of bringing into contact with cereals a composition comprising:
- Figure 1 is a symptom rating scale (scores 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) on ears of Brachypodium distachyon (wild ecotype Bd2l-3) inoculated with the PH-1 strain of Fusarium graminearum.
- FIG. 2 is a comparison of the scores observed 14 days after inoculation of the PH-1 strain of Fusarium graminearum on Brachypodium distachyon (wild ecotype Bd2l-3) treated or not with the strain of the invention Tr B and the comparative Trichoderma strains Tr A and Tr C.
- Figures 3 and 4 represent the percentage of symptomatic spikelets on the Apogee variety of common wheat respectively 7 days (fig. 3) and 14 days (fig. 4) after contamination by the PH-1 strain of Fusarium graminearum.
- Tr B is the Trichoderma strain of the invention
- Horizon® is a commercial specialty of Bayer CropScience, the active ingredient of which is tebuconazole 250 g / l at the approved dose ("N" dose).
- the white histograms represent the spray infection and the black histograms the point infection.
- FIG. 5 represents the percentage of symptomatic spikelets on the Apogee variety of common wheat respectively at 7 days (black histograms) and 14 days (white histograms) after contamination by the FG1 and INRA349 strains of Fusarium graminearum.
- Tr B is the strain of the invention.
- Horizon® fungicide is used this time at one fifth of the registered dose (“N / 5” dose).
- FIG. 6 represents the percentage of protection conferred by the strain Tr B of the invention against thephilsariose of the ears on the variety Apogee of soft wheat respectively at 7 days (black histograms) and at 14 days (white histograms) after contamination by the PH-1 strain of Fusarium graminearum. For all the conditions represented, the protection percentage was calculated relative to a control (Tween).
- the strain Tr B of the invention is used alone or in combination with the fungicide Horizon®, said fungicide being used this time at twenty-fifth of the approved dose (dose "N / 25").
- the Fusarium graminearum strain used in Examples 2, 3 and 5 is the PH-1 strain. This PH-1 strain was selected for its aggressiveness on common wheat, its production of my cotoxins and its DON / 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype (15 - ADON, only 17% of acetylated form on wheat, Goswami and Kistler, 2005) 7 .
- the FG1 strain has characteristics similar to those of the PH-1 strain (in terms of aggressiveness and production of DON / 15-ADON mycotoxins).
- the INRA349 strain has less aggressiveness as well as less production of mycotoxins while retaining the same DON / 15-ADON chemotype.
- a small quantity of soil containing organic residues is sprinkled and immediately dispersed in a selective “generalist” isolation medium such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) maintained by supercooling in Petri dishes (37 to 40 ° C) by stirring until solidification.
- a selective “generalist” isolation medium such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) maintained by supercooling in Petri dishes (37 to 40 ° C) by stirring until solidification.
- PDA Potato Dextrose Agar
- the suspension-dilution technique used is as follows: different successive dilutions of the suspension obtained are incorporated into the isolation medium. To do this, 10 ml of each of the dilutions are poured into an Erlenmeyer flask containing 90 ml of selective isolation medium maintained in supercooling in a water bath (between 37 ° C and 40 ° C).
- the 100 ml are distributed in Petri dishes placed under the optimal conditions for isolation of Trichoderma. After an incubation time of 3 to 7 days, the dilution with a sufficient number of colonies but without confluence is identified. With the dilution chosen, the colonies can be isolated.
- TME medium from Papavizas (1982): a mixture of glucose (1 g), agar (20 g) and distilled water (800 ml), is autoclaved. 200 ml of vegetable juice (V8® Vegetable and Fruit Juices - Campbell Soup) are added. The pH should be between 3.8 and 4. Neomycin sulfate (100 mg), bacitracin (100 mg), penicillin G (100 mg), chloroneb (100 mg), nystatin (20 mg), chlortetracycline HCl (25 mg) and sodium propionate (500 mg) are added to the still warm medium.
- Isolation of Trichoderma populations is carried out after growth of the colonies in a Petri dish at 24 ° C, in the light for 3 to 7 days.
- the purification is carried out by monospore isolation of each of the colonies (obtaining clones).
- the spores are removed, then suspended in sterile water in order to dissociate them.
- a separate culture is carried out for each spore dissociated (under a microscope) on a rich agar medium such as PDA or oat flakes in a Petri dish.
- the morphological aspect of these strains during growth on various culture media is to be identified in order to determine a first classification of the isolated strains.
- the characteristics observed are the evolution of the color of the colonies as a function of time, the morphological aspect of the thallus (aggregates, reverse, etc.) and of the conidia (shape, size, particle size or smooth, grouped or not, etc. ). Microscopic observation at low magnification (x40) reveals the type of trees and their forms of resistance (chlamydospores or others).
- Trichoderma clones The optimal growth temperature for Trichoderma clones is determined on conventional media such as malt-agar, PDA, beet pulp, oat flakes, with a pH between 4 and 7.
- Each strain was cultivated in Potato Dextrose liquid medium (PD, see composition below). 20 mL of PD medium were inoculated in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask by 1 mycelial implant 5 mm in diameter from a culture of the strain on a Petri dish of Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA, see composition below) 7 days (growth at 26 ° C). Each culture was incubated for 48 h at 20 ° C with shaking (120 rpm). At the end of this culture, the mycelium is harvested by filtration on sterile Miracloth (Calbiochem, Toulouse), dried in sterile filter paper then frozen with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C until use.
- PD Potato Dextrose liquid medium
- 20 mL of PD medium were inoculated in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask by 1 mycelial implant 5 mm in diameter from a culture of the strain on a Petri dish of Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA, see composition
- Each frozen mycelium is ground into a fine powder with liquid nitrogen and then the genomic DNA is extracted according to the protocol described by Atoui et al. (2012) 4 .
- the genomic DNA obtained is assayed by spectrophotometry (NanoDrop, Thermo Scientific) at 260 nm.
- Amplification reactions by PCR are then carried out using 10 ng of genomic DNA from each strain of Trichoderma using two pairs of specific primers: the first is specific for the EF1 gene, a single gene encoding a factor d elongation of translation and the second of a region of ribosomal DNA, ITS 1 (Intemal Transcribed Spacer).
- the protocol used is that described by Al-Sadi et al. (2015) 5 .
- the nucleotide sequence of the primers is indicated in the table below:
- the amplification products are then deposited on agarose gel (Tris Borate EDTA 0.5X - agarose 1.5%), purified using the NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Macherey-Nagel) and ligated into the plasmid pGEM-T Easy (Promega, France), according to the recommendations of the suppliers.
- the ligation products are introduced by the thermal shock method into thermocompetent bacterial cells of the DH5a strain of Escherichia coli selected on Petri dishes of medium "Luria Bertani Agar" ("LBA", ThermoFischer Scientif ⁇ cs, France) supplemented with ampicillin at a final concentration of 100 pg / mL.
- 5 independent ampicillin resistant clones are selected by amplification reaction. After growth with stirring (250 rpm) at 37 ° C overnight in 5 mL of Luria Bertani medium (LB, ThermoFischer Scientif ⁇ cs, France) + ampicillin (100 pg / mL), the cultures are pelleted then the plasmid DNA of each culture is extracted using the NucleoSpin® Plasmid kit (Macherey-Nagel).
- the sequence of the PCR product is then determined by sending the plasmids for sequencing (Euro fins Genomics, Germany).
- nucleotide sequences of the 5 clones from the same amplification product is verified, it guarantees the purity of the strains (quality control of the purification step: in the case of amplification products of different sequences, the process is resumed from the purification step).
- sequences of the specific amplification products of the EF1 gene and of the ITS 1 region are used as baits for the search for identical or very close sequences in the NCBI databases. (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and TrichoKEY (http://www.isth.info/tools/molkey/), respectively.
- Medium PD 1 liter of tap water containing 200 g of chopped potatoes is brought to a boil. The whole is filtered on carded cotton and supplemented with 20 g of glucose. The volume is adjusted to 1 liter before autoclaving 20 minutes at 120 ° C.
- PDA medium same composition as PD medium with the addition of 20 g / L of agar.
- Brachypodium distachyon (B. distachyon), studied in this example, is a monocotyledonous species of the family Poaceae, subfamily Pooideae. Its relatively small genome for a grass, its small size, its short cycle and its taxonomic proximity to major cereals determined its choice as a model organism in grass genomics. 1 Methodology
- the seeds of B. distachyon of the wild ecotype Bd2l-3 are sterilized for ten minutes in 0.6% sodium miypochlorite with gentle stirring and then rinsed three times with sterile milli-Q® water under the same conditions.
- the seeds are then placed at 4 ° C for 4 days, in the dark and in sterile milli-Q ® water. Sowing takes place on a 2/1 (v / v) mixture of potting soil and perlite, in pots 13 cm in diameter with a density of 5 seeds per pot.
- the growth takes place under the following conditions: 20 h of light at 24 ° C and 4 h of darkness at 20 ° C in order to get rid of the vernalization and to synchronize the flowering.
- the strains (Trichoderma and PH-1) are cultivated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA) supplemented with ampicillin and kanamycin at a final concentration of 100 and 50 pg / l, respectively, in an oven at 26 ° C and are transplanted every 2 to 3 weeks.
- PDA Potato Dextrose Agar medium
- the spore suspension is filtered through a sterile Miracloth and the conidiospores are counted on a Thoma cell and then resuspended in Tween 20 (surfactant) at 0.01% at a final concentration of 10 5 conidiospores / ml.
- the punctual inoculation of the PH-1 strain of Fusarium graminearum is carried out on the 2nd spikelet starting from the top of the ear concerned.
- 3 ml of the PH-1 spore suspension at a concentration of 10 5 spores / ml are inserted between the lower and upper glumellae of a flower located in the middle of the spikelet, in order to synchronize the symptoms.
- the inoculated plants are then placed under the following controlled conditions: temperature 20 ° C, humidity of 65% and a cycle of short days (8h of day and 16h of darkness).
- FIG. 1 illustrates the “symptoms / score” correspondence of ears of B. distachyon (wild ecotype Bd2l-3) inoculated with the PH-1 strain of F. graminearum.
- Table 1 In planta evaluation of the efficacy of the 3 Trichoderma sp. (Tr A, Tr B and Tr C) against the PH-1 strain of F. graminearum.
- the indigenous Tr B strain of the invention shows an efficiency greater than 36% (versus 25% for Tr A and 15% for Tr C).
- the strain Tr B of the invention is particularly advantageous by its origin (since it comes from French wheat soil) but also by its screening on the model cereal, Brachypodium distachyon. Indeed, the screening of Trichoderma strains of interest in planta is a major advance because the majority of the work described in the literature concerns in vitro and not in planta selections. The mechanisms of action of Trichoderma are complex (secondary metabolites, enzymes, stimulation of plant defense, competitiveness) and are in favor of an in planta selection of strains, difficult to implement on wheat (too long and complex).
- the inventors have advantageously succeeded in validating the use of the model B. distachyon cereal as a means of selecting the best candidates to test on wheat.
- the Apogee spring variety wheat seeds are sterilized and sown under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- strains (Trichoderma and PH-1) are cultivated under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- Trichoderma Tr B 48 h before the BBCH 65 stage.
- Trichoderma is inoculated by spraying until runoff on wheat ears using a suspension of spores calibrated at 10 7 spores / mL.
- a spray infection allows a titrated spore suspension to be sprayed over the entire ear.
- the plants are incubated in a climatic chamber under the following conditions: 16 hours of light at 24 ° C +/- 5 ° C under a fluorescent lamp (265 mE xm 2 xs 1 ) at ground level).
- the symptom readings are taken as a function of time using a rating scale by counting symptomatic spikelets out of the total number of spikelets in each spike (i.e. the percentage of symptomatic spikelets).
- the percentage of infection of the ears with PH-1 is less than 50% (compared to 100% for the Tween control) with TrB alone.
- the TrB strain is capable of providing significant protection against fusarium wilt under the experimental conditions described, regardless of the mode of contamination of Fusarium.
- the dose of Horizon® fungicide used is the registered dose (“N” dose) (which is 250 g / l of tebuconazole).
- N registered dose
- the dose N used under controlled conditions provides satisfactory protection at 7 days (fig. 3) and 14 days (fig. 4) against fusarium wilt.
- the Apogee spring variety wheat seeds are sterilized and sown under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- strains (Trichoderma, FG1 and INRA349) are cultivated under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- Trichoderma Tr B 48 h before the BBCH 65 stage.
- Trichoderma is inoculated by spraying until runoff on wheat ears using a suspension of spores calibrated at 10 7 spores / mL.
- the infection is carried out by spray (spray) and allows a titrated spore suspension to be sprayed over the entire ear.
- the plants are incubated in a climatic chamber under the same conditions as those of Example 3.
- Trichoderma TrB strain of the invention is observed against the strain of F. graminearum FG1 as that usually measured against the strain of F. graminearum PH-1 (52% at 7 days and 40% at 14 days (fig. 5)).
- the Apogee spring variety wheat seeds are sterilized and sown under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- strains (Trichoderma, PH-1) are cultivated under the same conditions as those of Example 2.
- Trichoderma Tr B spores spore suspension calibrated at 10 7 spores / mL
- the azole fungicide at the dose N / 25 is carried out extemporaneously in water.
- the approved dose of Horizon® fungicide used is the “N” dose (which is 250 g / l of tebuconazole).
- the dose "N” used under controlled conditions provides total protection, making it impossible to see differences.
- the dose used to quantify the respective contribution of Trichoderma Tr B and of the fungicide Horizon® was determined to be “N / 25”.
- the in planta test is thus based on a preventive inoculation of the ears, 48 h before the BBCH 65 stage, by:
- Wheat ears are inoculated with these different preparations by spraying until runoff.
- the infection is carried out by spray (spray) and allows a titrated spore suspension to be sprayed over the entire ear.
- the plants are incubated in a climatic chamber under the same conditions as those of Example 3.
- Trichoderma Tr B strain of the invention alone confers protection against fusarium wilt by 55% at 7 days after inoculation and by 40% at 14 days after inoculation (FIG. 6).
- Horizon® fungicide at the dose "N / 25” provides 88% protection at 7 days after inoculation and 65% at 14 days (fig. 6).
- This protective efficacy of the mixture of the Trichoderma Tr B strain of the invention with the dose “N / 25” of Horizon® fungicide is increased to 14 days after inoculation in comparison with the fungicide Horizon® alone at the dose “N / 25” .
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1856722A FR3084085B1 (fr) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | Methode de biocontrole de la fusariose des cereales |
| PCT/EP2019/069596 WO2020016444A1 (fr) | 2018-07-19 | 2019-07-19 | Méthode de biocontrôle de la fusariose des céréales |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3824070A1 true EP3824070A1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 |
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ID=65031477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19740582.2A Withdrawn EP3824070A1 (fr) | 2018-07-19 | 2019-07-19 | Méthode de biocontrôle de la fusariose des céréales |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240245058A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3824070A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN112955538A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR115287A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3106569A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3084085B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020016444A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3129060B3 (fr) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-11-17 | Olivier Besnard | Procédé de prélèvement, d’isolement, de sélection, de multiplication et d’inoculation de populations microbiennes indigènes des sols |
| CN116573959B (zh) * | 2023-01-30 | 2025-04-15 | 西南林业大学 | 一种蒜头果幼苗专用盖姆斯木霉菌肥的制备方法 |
| CN119912299B (zh) * | 2025-01-21 | 2025-12-16 | 湖州市农业科学研究院(湖州市农业科技发展中心) | 一种防治小麦赤霉病的生物菌剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN120536256A (zh) * | 2025-06-06 | 2025-08-26 | 宁波大学 | 一种哈茨木霉菌nbu-1及其在防治小麦土传病害中的应用 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4915944A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1990-04-10 | Yissum Research Development Corp. Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | Novel isolate of trichoderma, fungicidal compositions containing said isolate and use thereof |
| IL69368A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1990-03-19 | Yissum Res Dev Co | Fungicidal compositions containing trichoderma harzianum t-35 active against fusarium and method for using them |
| ES2311389B1 (es) * | 2006-12-27 | 2009-12-01 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Producto solido eficaz para el control biologico de la fusariosis vascular del melon, su procedimiento de obtencion y metodo de aplicacion del mismo. |
| CN102864081A (zh) * | 2012-08-07 | 2013-01-09 | 上海交通大学 | 高效拮抗黄瓜枯萎病病害的木霉菌菌株及其用途 |
| CN103952320B (zh) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-04-13 | 唐山金土生物有机肥有限公司 | 一株哈茨木霉及其在防控草坪镰刀枯萎病中的应用 |
-
2018
- 2018-07-19 FR FR1856722A patent/FR3084085B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-06-19 US US17/260,729 patent/US20240245058A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-19 WO PCT/EP2019/069596 patent/WO2020016444A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-07-19 AR ARP190102048A patent/AR115287A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-07-19 CA CA3106569A patent/CA3106569A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-07-19 CN CN201980056265.4A patent/CN112955538A/zh active Pending
- 2019-07-19 EP EP19740582.2A patent/EP3824070A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3106569A1 (fr) | 2020-01-23 |
| US20240245058A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
| WO2020016444A1 (fr) | 2020-01-23 |
| FR3084085B1 (fr) | 2022-12-23 |
| CN112955538A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
| AR115287A1 (es) | 2020-12-16 |
| FR3084085A1 (fr) | 2020-01-24 |
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