EP3821192A1 - Plate heat exchanger with reinforced covers and method for the production of said reinforced covers and their assembly - Google Patents
Plate heat exchanger with reinforced covers and method for the production of said reinforced covers and their assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- EP3821192A1 EP3821192A1 EP19758511.0A EP19758511A EP3821192A1 EP 3821192 A1 EP3821192 A1 EP 3821192A1 EP 19758511 A EP19758511 A EP 19758511A EP 3821192 A1 EP3821192 A1 EP 3821192A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- plate
- plates
- cover plates
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
- F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
- F28F3/046—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
Definitions
- the present patent relates to plate heat exchangers and in particular concerns a new plate heat exchanger with reinforced cover plates and method for the production of said reinforced cover plates and their assembly.
- the prior art includes plate heat exchangers comprising at least two separate circuits respectively for the circulation of a primary fluid and a secondary fluid, where those circuits are defined by a plurality of exchange plates with facing surfaces, featuring ridges and depressions, generally distributed in a herringbone pattern.
- the heat exchangers of the prior art are made by stacking the plates in question alternating the rotation of every other one by 180° so that the ridges and depressions of one plate are crossed with respect to the ridges and depressions of the adjacent plate.
- the plates are called symmetric when the ridges and depressions are such that the sections of the channels of both paths used by the two fluids are substantially equal, that is, resulting in equal flow resistance with equal flows.
- Prior art also includes specially shaped plates such that the section for the heating water is wider than that used for the domestic water system and therefore the flow resistance is differentiated.
- asymmetric heat exchangers that is, formed by plates comprising ridges with a different shape than the depressions, such as, for example, flat ridges to make the section of the channel even wider.
- Plates having different flow resistances with equal flows are also known, obtained by increasing the pitch of the ridges, that is, the distance between the ridges of two adjacent channels.
- This type of heat exchanger is suitable for the exchange between water and cooling fluid, where the water flows through the circuit having lower flow resistance.
- the plates are not rotated 180°, but alternate with each other as they have two different configurations.
- the intermediate exchange plates of heat exchangers of the prior art are normally made of very thin metal sheets, usually steel or other material suitable for the manufacturing of heat exchangers.
- the heat exchanger pack is closed by a cover plate which has a shape corresponding to the exchange plates, and is equipped with water inlet and outlet holes and holes for the connection to the system’s piping.
- Said cover plate is generally more rigid, usually made of steel sheet and may have a corrugated surface, that is, with ridges and depressions, which further increase its stiffness, or an essentially flat surface.
- the function and purpose of the cover plate is to withstand the pressure exerted by the fluids towards the outside, to house the connections to the boiler unit, and to create the seat for the fastening systems, such as stud bolts, fittings or the like.
- Document CN101184574 A relates to a plate heat exchanger comprising adapter plates installed between the cover plate and the inlets and outlets of the system.
- Each of said adapter plates has two holes for the connection with the heat exchanger plates.
- the object of the present patent is a new plate heat exchanger with reinforced cover plates and a method for producing said reinforced cover plates and their assembly.
- the main object of the present invention is to decrease the weight of the heat exchanger, minimizing the weight of the cover plate.
- Another important object of the present invention is to speed up the procedures for manufacturing and assembling the heat exchanger, thanks to the fact that it is possible to eliminate some welding steps in a preferred embodiment.
- the cover plates of the new heat exchanger can in fact be conveniently made of a single part, obtained by shearing, stamping and deforming a metal sheet, with no need for further welding steps. It follows that production costs are reduced and the finished piece is more resistant.
- a further object of the present invention is to minimize the use of raw materials to make the heat exchanger and the cover plates in particular.
- Still another object of the present invention is to enable the assembly of a plate heat exchanger pack where all the plates, including those at the ends, are made with the same stamping process, thus obtaining a pack on which the cover plates are applied as described and claimed below.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to minimize thermal inertia when the exchanger is fully operational.
- a further object of the present invention is to enable the use of exchange plates all with the same shape, preferably also with the same thickness, so that they can be produced with the same production methods.
- the new plate heat exchanger comprises at least one pack of exchange plates, that is, a series of stacked plates braze welded together, to confine the fluids inside, each provided with alternating ridges and depressions arranged preferably and substantially in a herringbone pattern or arranged in two directions intersecting each other, and holes for the circulation of at least two heat exchange fluids, suited to convey said two fluids in the spaces between the plates following at least two hydraulically isolated circuits.
- the exchanger therefore comprises at least two separate circuits for a primary fluid and a secondary fluid, each of said two circuits being defined by a pair of said facing exchange plates, provided with said ridges and depressions.
- Said exchange plates may all be of the same type or of two different types to create circuits with a different flow resistance.
- Said exchange plates making up the pack are normally made of thin shaped steel sheets, braze welded together with copper or another material suitable for braze welding.
- each heat exchanger plate has a substantially rectangular shape, with two longitudinal sides and two transverse sides, and where said holes for the circulation of the fluids are located near said transverse sides, close to the corners, while the remaining surface of the plate is corrugated, with said ridges and depressions that create, with a facing plate, the circuits for the circulation of fluids.
- a first through-hole for the circulation of fluid is made in a lowered area, while a second hole is made on a raised area, in inverted or symmetrical positions with respect to the holes in the opposite transverse side.
- each of said cover plates is smaller than half of the surface of said first heat exchanger plate.
- Said first heat exchanger plate is identical to the intermediate plates of the pack.
- Each of said cover plates also has a shape and dimensions corresponding to the side portion of said first heat exchanger plate, that is, to the portion closer to a transverse edge and which comprises said holes for the circulation of fluids.
- said cover plates have the same symmetrical shape, substantially rectangular, with four rounded corners or with the two short sides replaced by semicircles.
- Each of said cover plates is furthermore provided with holes shaped and positioned so that they correspond to said holes in the heat exchanger plates.
- Said cover plates are mounted at the level of said side portions of said first heat exchanger plate so that the holes in said cover plates are in a position corresponding to said holes in the stacked heat exchanger plates.
- Each of these cover plates is made of steel sheet or in any case of a material normally used or in any case suitable for use in plate heat exchangers.
- a metal ring At the level of a hole in said cover plates there may be a metal ring, suited to ensure the seal between the cover plate and the first heat exchanger plate, and wherein said metal ring is located at the lowered area of said first heat exchanger plate where the through-hole for the fluid is made, in order to convey said fluid from the cover plate to the channels inside the heat exchanger.
- Said metal ring can be joined to said cover plate, for example by welding, or, more preferably, by deformation of the cover plate itself at the hole. In other words, the edge of the hole is deformed and/or stamped so as to create said metal ring.
- Said metal ring therefore has the shape of an open cylinder, joined to the cover plate.
- Said metal ring preferably also comprises a flange on the circular edge of said open cylinder, said flange being for example obtained by further bending the cylindrical wall itself.
- This embodiment has the advantages described above.
- Said cover plates are positioned and centered on the first plate of the pack preferably by spot welding or arc welding or other mechanical processes in order to keep said cover plates centered with the holes in the pack and in the correct position until the braze welding step with which they are permanently welded to the pack.
- each of said cover plates may comprise shaped tabs, protruding from the edge facing the center of said first exchange plate, and suited to be inserted in a depression made on said first exchange plate itself. This facilitates the centering and assembly of the cover plates and also guarantees proper positioning.
- the tabs have a shape and dimensions that are a function of the conformation, the orientation, and the possible curvature of the depressions of said first exchange plate.
- Said cover plates are preferably of two types, one right and one left, according to the side of the exchanger on which they are installed.
- Said cover plates furthermore act as a seat or base for the application of the fixing stud bolts and can also be suitably provided with holes, seats or coupling means in general for the installation of fixing means to the hydraulic circuit, such as fittings or the like.
- the present patent also relates to the production method of said cover plates and their assembly to the pack of exchange plates.
- the production method comprises the following fundamental steps, the order of which are interchangeable and some of which can even be eliminated or grouped in one or more steps:
- said metal rings being necessary to create a tight seal between the cover plates and the first heat exchanger plate in the lowered areas of the latter where the through-holes for the circulation of each of the two fluids are made; the hermetic seal is guaranteed by the particular shape of said metal rings which substantially comprise an open cylinder joined to the sheet with which the cover plates are made and preferably also a flange;
- said assembly step provides, for example, as mentioned, for the spot welding or arc welding or other mechanical positioning/fastening process of the cover plates to the first heat exchanger plate so that the respective holes are centered.
- Said stamping, drilling and shearing, as well as the bending step of the possible tabs and application/formation of said metal rings, can be carried out in separate and distinct steps or they can be carried out in one or more grouped steps.
- stamping, drilling and shearing steps can all be performed in a single step and processing station.
- Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional view of the completely assembled plate heat exchanger (1), while figures 2 and 3 show a section view and a plan view respectively.
- Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional view of cover plates (21) to be installed on one side of a heat exchanger plate pack (10), for example on the left.
- Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional view of cover plates (22) to be installed on one side of a heat exchanger plate pack (10), for example on the right.
- each of said cover plates (21, 22) has an asymmetrical shape, according to a first possible embodiment.
- a preferred embodiment of said cover plates (21, 22) is schematized in Figure 6, where said cover plates (21, 22), whether they are on the right or on the left, have a symmetrical, substantially rectangular shape where the shorter sides are made up of semicircles.
- Figure 7 shows a section view of a cover plate (21, 22) at the level of the hole (231) made in the cover plate (21, 22) itself, where the metal ring (3') obtained by deformation and/or stamping of the edge (232) of the hole (231) itself can be seen.
- said metal ring (3') is a single solid piece with said cover plate (21, 22), thus without the need for welding or mechanical joining in general.
- the plate exchanger (1) comprises in its main parts at least one pack of exchange plates (10) that is a series of superimposed plates (101) in a pack.
- Each of said exchange plates (101) in turn comprises alternating ridges (102) and depressions (103), arranged preferably and substantially in a herringbone pattern or arranged in two intersecting directions.
- Each of said exchange plates (101) is also provided with two pairs of through-holes (104) for the passage of at least two heat-transfer fluids, said holes (104) being made at the level of lowered and raised areas alternately positioned on the two sides of the plates (101), to convey said two fluids into the spaces between the plates following at least two hydraulically isolated circuits.
- Said exchange plates (101) forming said pack (10) are normally made of thin shaped steel sheets.
- Each exchange plate (101) has a substantially rectangular shape, with two longitudinal sides (105) and two transverse sides (106), and where said fluid through-holes (104) are formed near said transverse sides (106), close to the corners.
- Two cover plates (21, 22) are mounted on the first exchange plate (107) of said pack (10), each shaped in correspondence with the transverse side for which it is intended.
- Each of said cover plates (21, 22) has a shape and dimensions substantially corresponding to the side portions of said first exchange plate (107) close to the two transverse sides (106) and comprises a pair of said holes (23, 231) corresponding to said holes (104) in the exchange plates (101).
- each of said cover plates (21, 22) has a symmetrical shape, so that they can be mounted either on the right or the left of the pack (10).
- Each of said cover plates (21, 22) is made of steel sheet or in any case of material normally used or in any case suitable for use in plate heat exchangers.
- said cover plates (21, 22) also act as a seat or base (27) for the application of the fixing stud bolts and can also be suitably provided with holes, seats or coupling means in general for the installation of fixing means to the hydraulic circuit, such as fittings or the like.
- At least one hole (231) in one or both of said cover plates (21, 22) may be provided with a metal ring (3, 3'), necessary to create a hermetic seal between said cover plates (21, 22) and said first exchanger plate (107) at the lowered area in which the through-hole (104) for a fluid is made, in order to convey said fluid from the cover plate (21 22) to the internal channels of the exchanger.
- said metal ring (3) is for example applied at the level of said hole (231) in the cover plate (21, 22) and constrained/coupled by means of spot welding and/or deformation and/or welding and/or mechanical assembly in general. Said ring (3) is therefore a distinct piece from the cover plate (21, 22) and joined to it during the production/assembly step.
- said metal ring (3') is a single piece with respect to the cover plate (21, 22) being obtained by means of deformation and/or stamping of the edge (232) of the hole (231) in the cover plate (21, 22) itself.
- the edge (232) of said hole (231) in said cover plate (21, 22) is bent towards one side of the cover plate (21, 22) itself, that is, the side intended to be turned towards said first exchanger plate (107), thus forming said metal ring (3') in a single solid piece with said cover plate (21, 22).
- Said metal ring (3') is therefore substantially formed by an open cylinder.
- the embodiment in Figure 7 shows how said metal ring (3') can further comprise a flange (3 G) suited to ensure a tight seal in the subsequent assembly of each cover plate (21, 22) to the first exchange plate (107 ) of the pack (10).
- Said flange (3 G) is also preferably obtained by deformation/bending.
- Each of said cover plates (21, 22) may also comprise, but not necessarily, shaped tabs (24, 25), protruding from the edge (26) facing the center of said first exchange plate (107), and suited to be inserted in one of said depressions (103) of said first exchange plate (107) itself.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HRP20231397TT HRP20231397T1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2019-07-18 | Plate heat exchanger with reinforced covers and method for the production of said reinforced covers and their assembly |
RS20231017A RS64864B1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2019-07-18 | Plate heat exchanger with reinforced heads and method for producing sais reinforced heads and assembling them |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102018000007453A IT201800007453A1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH REINFORCED HEADS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SAID REINFORCED HEADS AND THEIR ASSEMBLY |
PCT/IB2019/056144 WO2020021403A1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2019-07-18 | Plate heat exchanger with reinforced covers and method for the production of said reinforced covers and their assembly |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3821192A1 true EP3821192A1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
EP3821192C0 EP3821192C0 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
EP3821192B1 EP3821192B1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
Family
ID=63840900
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19758511.0A Active EP3821192B1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2019-07-18 | Plate heat exchanger with reinforced heads and method for producing sais reinforced heads and assembling them |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210262734A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3821192B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112513553A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2962635T3 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20231397T1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE064217T2 (en) |
IT (1) | IT201800007453A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3821192T3 (en) |
RS (1) | RS64864B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020021403A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112935739A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-11 | 李炯添 | Manufacturing method of heat exchanger cover plate of water heater |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6113178U (en) * | 1984-06-28 | 1986-01-25 | 株式会社 土屋製作所 | housingless heat exchanger |
SE531092C2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-12-16 | Alfa Laval Corp Ab | Method for joining two surfaces together and a device comprising two jointed surfaces |
US20070006998A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-11 | Viktor Brost | Heat exchanger with plate projections |
US20110024095A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Mark Kozdras | Heat Exchanger with End Plate Providing Mounting Flange |
ES2698099T3 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2019-01-31 | Danfoss As | Heat exchanger and method for manufacturing a heat exchanger |
US20140196870A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-17 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Plate heat exchanger |
US9372018B2 (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-06-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Evaporator heat exchanger |
CN105579725B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2019-05-17 | 达纳加拿大公司 | Heat exchanger with integrated coaxial inlet/outlet |
DE102014203102A1 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2015-08-20 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Plate heat exchanger for an electric motor vehicle |
DE102015010310A1 (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2017-02-09 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Soldered heat exchanger and manufacturing process |
-
2018
- 2018-07-24 IT IT102018000007453A patent/IT201800007453A1/en unknown
-
2019
- 2019-07-18 WO PCT/IB2019/056144 patent/WO2020021403A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-07-18 HR HRP20231397TT patent/HRP20231397T1/en unknown
- 2019-07-18 RS RS20231017A patent/RS64864B1/en unknown
- 2019-07-18 US US17/261,569 patent/US20210262734A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-18 HU HUE19758511A patent/HUE064217T2/en unknown
- 2019-07-18 EP EP19758511.0A patent/EP3821192B1/en active Active
- 2019-07-18 PL PL19758511.0T patent/PL3821192T3/en unknown
- 2019-07-18 CN CN201980049191.1A patent/CN112513553A/en active Pending
- 2019-07-18 ES ES19758511T patent/ES2962635T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3821192C0 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
ES2962635T3 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
HRP20231397T1 (en) | 2024-02-16 |
IT201800007453A1 (en) | 2020-01-24 |
PL3821192T3 (en) | 2024-03-04 |
EP3821192B1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
WO2020021403A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
CN112513553A (en) | 2021-03-16 |
RS64864B1 (en) | 2023-12-29 |
HUE064217T2 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
US20210262734A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
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