EP3817160A1 - Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3817160A1
EP3817160A1 EP19206936.7A EP19206936A EP3817160A1 EP 3817160 A1 EP3817160 A1 EP 3817160A1 EP 19206936 A EP19206936 A EP 19206936A EP 3817160 A1 EP3817160 A1 EP 3817160A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
helical spring
receiving space
side wall
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19206936.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Capek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEG Automotive Germany GmbH filed Critical SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority to EP19206936.7A priority Critical patent/EP3817160A1/fr
Publication of EP3817160A1 publication Critical patent/EP3817160A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/40—Brush holders enabling brush movement within holder during current collection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/381—Brush holders characterised by the application of pressure to brush

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brush arrangement for an electrical machine, an electrical machine with such a brush arrangement and a starter for an internal combustion engine with an electrical machine with such a brush arrangement.
  • the shape of the coil spring is mainly cylindrical. A generous play between the helical spring and the receiving space ensures the free movement of the spring and avoids constraining forces that could lead to a malfunction, e.g. through a reduction in the pressure force.
  • the invention proposes a brush arrangement for an electrical machine, an electrical machine with such a brush arrangement and a starter with such an electrical machine according to the independent claims.
  • Advantageous refinements result from the respective subclaims and the following description.
  • the invention makes use of the measure of designing a helical spring for biasing a brush against a commutator in such a way that at least one turn of the helical spring in a tensioned state rests in a non-positive manner at a point on a side wall of a receiving space for the brush and the helical spring.
  • Frictional forces are thus generated at at least one contact point between the helical spring and the side wall of the receiving space. These counteract an oscillating movement of the helical spring. It has been shown that resonances can be avoided in this way, which occur between the receiving points of the helical spring on the brush and the rear wall of the receiving space when the helical springs run freely. This can occur, for example, in the event of a commutator runout error. In the case of resonance, strong fluctuations in the carbon brush pressure force can occur, which can lead to accelerated wear and tear and failure of the carbon brushes. The proposed measure can effectively prevent large fluctuations in the carbon brush pressure force and premature failure.
  • several, in particular two or three, turns of the helical spring are each shaped in such a way that they each rest non-positively at a point on the side wall of the brush receiving space.
  • the more turns of the helical spring rest on a side wall of the brush receiving space the greater the frictional forces and the fewer spaces there are in which vibrations or resonances can occur.
  • the compressive force of the helical spring also decreases, so that preferably a rather small number of contact points is expedient.
  • the number of two or three turns in a conventional coil spring of such a brush arrangement represents an optimum in which the brush arrangement is optimally balanced, has little room for oscillations and can still be provided with a sufficiently large compressive force on the commutator.
  • coil springs usually have five to twelve turns. However, this is not to be understood as limiting. Thus, four or more contact points are also possible, at which turns of the helical spring rest in a force-locking manner at one point on the side wall. This is particularly useful when the helical spring has a total of more than twelve turns.
  • the brush arrangement has at least two side-contacting windings, which rest non-positively on the side wall at points with different or the same polar angles, based on a longitudinal axis of the spring.
  • a side-contacting turn is to be understood as meaning a turn which makes contact with the side wall or is in contact therewith.
  • At least two of the points relative to the longitudinal axis of the spring are at an angle of at least 30 ° or at most 330 °, at least 45 ° or at most 325 °, at least 60 ° or at most 300 °, at least 90 ° or at most 270 ° or 180 ° to each other on.
  • either the second point is expediently at an angle of 150 ° to 210 °, in particular 180 °, to the first point and the third point has an angle of 330 ° to 30 ° to the first point, and is in particular identical to the first Job; or the second point has an angle of 90 ° to 150 °, in particular 120 °, to the first point and the third point has an angle of 210 ° to 270 °, in particular 240 °, to the first point.
  • a fourth side-contacting turn of the helical spring rests non-positively at a fourth point on the side wall.
  • the second point preferably has an angle of 150 ° to 210 °, in particular 180 °, to the first point and the third point is identical to the first point or in a range of + 30 ° and -30 ° around the first point and the fourth digit is identical to the second digit or in a range of + 30 ° and -30 ° around the second digit.
  • the second point has an angle of 90 ° to 150 °, in particular 120 °, to the first point, the second point an angle of 210 ° to 270 °, in particular 240 °, to the first point, the third point is with the first point identical or in a range of + 30 ° and -30 ° around the first digit and the fourth digit is identical to the second digit or in a range of + 30 ° to - 30 ° around the second digit.
  • the second digit has an angle from 60 ° to 120 °, in particular 90 ° to the first point
  • the third point has an angle of 150 ° to 210 °, in particular 180 ° to the first point
  • the fourth point has an angle of 240 ° to 300 °, in particular 270 ° to the first position.
  • the helical spring also has a low flexural rigidity, since the spacing between the contact points in the axial direction is large enough.
  • one (or the) second or higher turn viewed from the rear wall in the direction of the brush, is shaped in such a way that it rests in a force-locking manner at a point on the side wall of the brush receiving space. In this way, resonances and vibrations in the vicinity of the rear wall are avoided or reduced. This prevents vibrations from the housing from continuing via the rear wall of the receiving space into the helical spring.
  • a first turn as seen from the rear wall is advantageously used for contacting the rear wall and is less suitable for non-positively resting against a point on the side wall.
  • one (or the) second or higher turn, viewed from the brush is shaped in such a way that it rests in a force-locking manner at a point on the side wall of the brush receiving space.
  • This avoids or reduces resonances and vibrations in the vicinity of the brush.
  • vibrations that arise when the commutator revolves are not completely transferred to the entire spring in this way.
  • One of the last turns as seen from the brush is advantageously used to make contact with the brush. It is therefore less suitable for non-positive contact at one point on the side wall.
  • a turn arranged between the rear wall and the brush in the central axial region of the helical spring is shaped in such a way that it rests in a non-positive manner at one point on the side wall of the brush receiving space.
  • This turn can be exactly the middle turn if there is an uneven number of turns in total.
  • it can also relate to the last turn of a first half of the turns or the first of the second half of the turns if there is an even number of turns. Vibrations that continue from the housing or from the brush into the helical spring are dampened most efficiently in the central axial area of the helical spring in order to avoid resonances.
  • the helical spring preferably also has turns which do not touch the side wall of the brush receiving space. These further turns ensure an improvement in the spring action of the helical spring, which is designed as a compression spring, in order to provide sufficient pretensioning and pressing force of the brushes against the commutator.
  • a suitable choice of the frictional force at the contact point (s) of the helical spring on a side wall can effectively prevent vibration transmission and resonance formation at the contact points, but without unduly impairing the compressive force of the helical spring on the brush. Due to manufacturing tolerances on the spring and the receiving space or quiver, different large frictional forces result. On the one hand, the frictional forces should be large enough to calm the vibration. On the other hand, however, they should not be so large that the brush pressing force is excessively reduced.
  • the turns of the helical spring are advantageously circular and / or oval and / or rectangular in a plane perpendicular to an axis extending from the rear wall to the brush or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spring. These are robust designs that have been in use so far have proven themselves and are easy to manufacture.
  • the size and shape of the turns can differ from turn to turn. However, a majority of the turns can also have an identical shape and size. It is preferable that the size of the windings fill as much as possible the entire space between the brush and the rear wall in order to achieve the best possible resilience, whereby of course those windings that do not touch the side wall must not be too large.
  • the side-contacting turns differ in shape and size preferably only minimally from the other non-side-contacting turns, in particular by a maximum of 10%.
  • the side wall is designed as a cylinder-shaped or cuboid-shaped quiver. This saves space and is easy to manufacture and enables frictional contact points with the helical spring to be provided in a simple manner.
  • the invention further relates to an electric machine, in particular an electric motor with a brush arrangement as described above and with a commutator, the helical spring of the brush arrangement that can be subjected to compressive loading being pretensioned against the brush by the rear wall of the brush receiving space, and a starter with such an electric machine.
  • an electric machine in particular an electric motor with a brush arrangement as described above and with a commutator, the helical spring of the brush arrangement that can be subjected to compressive loading being pretensioned against the brush by the rear wall of the brush receiving space, and a starter with such an electric machine.
  • the brush holder according to the invention can fully develop its advantages.
  • FIG. 1 A brush arrangement not according to the invention is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view and denoted by 100.
  • the brush arrangement 100 has a receiving space 3 designed as a quiver, which has a rear wall 31 and a side wall 32.
  • the receiving space 3 is, for example, made of plastic and is cylindrical.
  • a brush 4 designed as a carbon brush, which is pretensioned by the rear wall 31 of the receiving space 3 against a commutator 5 by means of a helical spring 2.
  • the carbon brush 4 is also cylindrical and connected at its upper end with a stranded wire. Since the brush assembly 100 is new, the coil spring 2 is strongly compressed and a large part of the axial length of the receiving space 3 is taken up by the carbon brush 4.
  • An axial direction of the receiving space usually corresponds to an axial direction of the helical spring.
  • the helical spring 2 has a total of six turns.
  • a second to fifth turn are designed to be radially symmetrical, these four turns having the same shape and the same radius.
  • the turns of the helical spring 2 have no points of contact with the side wall 32 of the receiving space 3.
  • Figure 2 shows the same brush assembly 100 as Figure 1 , but shortly before the end of its service life.
  • the carbon brush 4 has worn out in the course of its use due to the friction on the commutator 5, as a result of which its axial length has been reduced.
  • the coil spring 2 has consequently expanded so that the carbon brush 4 continues to be pretensioned against the commutator.
  • vibrations can be transmitted from the housing via the rear wall 31 or from the commutator 5 via the carbon brush 4 to the helical spring 2. Vibrations of the helical spring 2 can lead to fluctuations in a pressure force of the carbon brush 4 on the commutator 5, which can become particularly large in the case of resonance.
  • FIG. 3 shows a brush arrangement 101 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a view along the longitudinal axis of the spring onto the helical spring 2 and the brush receiving space 3 of the brush arrangement 101 from FIG Figure 3 in a schematic view. Below are the Figures 3 and 4 comprehensively described.
  • the brush arrangement 101 according to Figures 3 and 4 differs from the brush assemblies 100 Figures 1 and 2 in particular in that the helical spring 2 has three turns 21, 22, 23 which are designed such that they each rest in a force-locking manner at a point on the side wall 32 of the brush receiving space 3. Due to the contact points of the helical spring 2 with the side wall 32 of the receiving space 3 and the frictional connection generated thereby, vibrations of the helical spring 3 are dampened and the propagation of the vibrations is reduced or even avoided.
  • a second turn 21, seen from the rear wall 31, is shaped in such a way that it rests in a non-positive manner at a point on the side wall 31 of the brush receiving space 3 with a first polar angle. It corresponds to a first side-contacting turn 21. It prevents vibrations of a housing from spreading via the rear wall 31 of the receiving space 3 into the helical spring 2.
  • a turn 22 located in the central axial area of the helical spring 2 as seen from the rear wall is shaped in such a way that it rests in a force-locking manner at a point on the side wall 31 of the brush receiving space 3 with a second polar angle.
  • the second point is opposite the first point or the respective contact points of the windings 21 and 22 with the side wall form an angle of approximately 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spring.
  • This turn 22 located in the central axial area of the helical spring 2 corresponds to a second side-contacting turn 22. Since the turns in the central axial area, if they would vibrate freely, would vibrate with the greatest amplitude, the damping effect due to a force on a turn 22 is in the middle axial area strongest.
  • a penultimate turn 23 in the vicinity of the carbon brush 4, seen from the rear wall, is shaped in such a way that it rests non-positively at a point on the side wall 31 of the brush receiving space 3 with (approximately) the first polar angle.
  • This penultimate turn 23 corresponds to a third side-contacting turn 23 Commutator 5 avoided via the carbon brush 4 in the helical spring 2.
  • the respective contact points of the windings 22 and 23 with the side wall also enclose an angle of approximately 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spring.
  • This embodiment with three contact points to the side wall 32 or to the pocket wall, which are as far apart as possible in the axial direction, is particularly advantageous because it keeps the sensitivity of the frictional force low with regard to manufacturing tolerances. It goes without saying, however, that any other polar angles are also possible for the contact points.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
EP19206936.7A 2019-11-04 2019-11-04 Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP3817160A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19206936.7A EP3817160A1 (fr) 2019-11-04 2019-11-04 Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19206936.7A EP3817160A1 (fr) 2019-11-04 2019-11-04 Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne

Publications (1)

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EP3817160A1 true EP3817160A1 (fr) 2021-05-05

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EP19206936.7A Withdrawn EP3817160A1 (fr) 2019-11-04 2019-11-04 Agencement de brosse pour un moteur électrique, moteur électrique et démarreur pour un moteur à combustion interne

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EP (1) EP3817160A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735172A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-05-22 Gen Signal Corp Motor brush holder
DE2850206A1 (de) * 1977-11-24 1979-06-13 Suhl Elektrogeraete Veb K Buerstenfuehrung und kommutierungsbuerste fuer elektrische maschinen, insbesondere kleine kommutatormaschinen
US5714826A (en) * 1994-03-10 1998-02-03 Jidosha Denki Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric motor
JPH10225077A (ja) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 整流子電動機
DE10041822A1 (de) 2000-08-25 2002-03-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Startvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen mit Überlastschutz

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3735172A (en) * 1971-12-22 1973-05-22 Gen Signal Corp Motor brush holder
DE2850206A1 (de) * 1977-11-24 1979-06-13 Suhl Elektrogeraete Veb K Buerstenfuehrung und kommutierungsbuerste fuer elektrische maschinen, insbesondere kleine kommutatormaschinen
US5714826A (en) * 1994-03-10 1998-02-03 Jidosha Denki Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric motor
JPH10225077A (ja) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 整流子電動機
DE10041822A1 (de) 2000-08-25 2002-03-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrische Startvorrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen mit Überlastschutz

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