EP3807920A1 - Vacuum interrupter and high-voltage switching assembly - Google Patents

Vacuum interrupter and high-voltage switching assembly

Info

Publication number
EP3807920A1
EP3807920A1 EP19752936.5A EP19752936A EP3807920A1 EP 3807920 A1 EP3807920 A1 EP 3807920A1 EP 19752936 A EP19752936 A EP 19752936A EP 3807920 A1 EP3807920 A1 EP 3807920A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum interrupter
insulator
dielectric material
interrupter according
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19752936.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3807920B1 (en
Inventor
Katrin Benkert
Paul Gregor Nikolic
Martin Koletzko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3807920A1 publication Critical patent/EP3807920A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3807920B1 publication Critical patent/EP3807920B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66284—Details relating to the electrical field properties of screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter according to the preamble of claim 1 and a high-voltage switching arrangement according to claim 14.
  • the gas or vacuum circuit breaker is used to interrupt operating and fault currents.
  • power switching chambers are connected in series in order to comply with the performance data prescribed by the standard.
  • the voltages are distributed over the individual parts of the power interrupters to 50% each.
  • control elements are connected in parallel with the individual power switching chambers in accordance with the state of the art.
  • Such a control element is usually a capacitor or a capacitor and a resistor connected in series. Controls of this type require additional installation space and are to be attached in an insulated manner, which leads overall to a high technical and thus cost-intensive effort.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a vacuum interrupter for high-voltage applications and a high-voltage switching arrangement which, compared to the prior art, has a lower technical outlay for providing control elements.
  • the object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter with the features of claim 1 and in a high-voltage switching arrangement with the features of claim 14.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention comprises a housing with at least one annular ceramic isolator element, which forms a vacuum space. Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter comprises a contact system with two contacts arranged to be movable relative to one another.
  • the vacuum interrupter is characterized in that a capacitive element with two electrodes and a dielectric material arranged between the electrodes is provided, the capacitive element being positively attached to the insulator element and having a capacitance that is between 400 pF and 4000 pF having.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the control element required for distributing the voltage to the individual power switching chambers is integrated into the vacuum interrupter, specifically on the surface of the insulator element. This leads to a saving in manufacturing costs and to a lower technical outlay when providing the vacuum interrupter and to avoid assembly costs.
  • a resistive element in addition to the capacitive element, that is to say the capacitor, there is also a resistive element, that is to say a resistor and likewise integrated in at least one insulator element. This can be used in particular for a series connection of resistive element and capacitive element and for a series connection of these two elements.
  • the dielectric material of the capacitive element is applied in layers on a surface of the isolator element.
  • both the inner and the outer surface of the Isolatorelemen are suitable for this, but the attachment of the resistive element on the outer surface has the advantage that a higher selection of materials, such as a ferroelectric material, embedded in an epoxy resin matrix, are available . as there are very special requirements for the outgassing behavior of the materials for the inner surface.
  • the resistance of the resistive element preferably has a value which is between 100 ohms and 1500 ohms or between 10 8 and 10 15 ohms.
  • the dielectric material is preferably applied as a layer on the surface of the insulator element and the layer has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m or 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the associated electrodes are arranged with respect to an extension of the insulator element along a switching axis on an upper and a lower end face. It is expedient if the electrodes are integrated in solder points between insulator elements. Electrodes can be easily attached to these end faces and between them the dielectric material can be attached to the outer surface of the insulator element and thus contacted. The integration of the electrodes in the solder points is useful but not necessary. The soldering point itself can also serve as an electrode.
  • the electrodes are arranged in the form of a layer or a wrapping on the outer surface of the insulator element, so that the dielectric material is in turn arranged on this in a second layer or second winding and that one in a alternating layer sequence of electrodes and dielectric material on the outer surface of the insulator material, the capacitive element is generated.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a high-voltage switching arrangement which comprises a vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims and which also has a further interrupter unit connected in series with it.
  • One of the two interrupter units is preferably the described vacuum interrupter and a second interrupter unit is a gas-insulated switch. If a gas-insulated switch is used, a parallel connection of conventional control elements to the gas-insulated switch is required.
  • FIG. 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a high-voltage switching arrangement from the prior art with control elements connected in parallel
  • FIG. 2 shows a high-voltage switchgear assembly with two interrupter units connected in series and having integrated control elements
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter with resistive and capacitive control elements integrated on the surfaces of insulator elements
  • FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the arrangement of the capacitive and resistive elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1 with control elements in the lower and upper region of the vacuum interrupter
  • FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the control elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 shows a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1 with control elements according to the equivalent circuit diagram from FIG. 8,
  • FIG. 8 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the control elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 shows a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1, the capacitive element being applied to an insulator element in the form of an alternating layer,
  • FIG. 10 shows an enlarged section of the layer sequence from section X in FIGS. 9 and
  • FIG. 11 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the control element according to the vacuum interrupter from FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 1 a series connection of two interrupter units 32 is shown according to the prior art. These breaker units 32 can be gas-insulated switches, but it can also be vacuum interrupters. In parallel to the interrupter units 32 connected in series, control elements 34 are connected in order to protect the individual interrupter units 32 in this series circuit from overload. For this purpose, resistors or capacitors are used in parallel or in series. The tensions conditions are thereby divided between the individual interrupter units 32 and an overload is prevented.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which an interrupter unit 32 in the form of a vacuum interrupter 2 is connected in series with a further interrupter unit 32.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 has control elements 34 which are designed in the form of capacitive elements 12 and which are integrated in the vacuum interrupter 2, as will be explained in more detail in accordance with FIG. 3.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter 2, which has a housing 3, the housing 3 having a plurality of insulator elements 4 and a centrally attached metal screen 5.
  • the metal screen 5 is arranged in the housing 3 so that it is mounted in the position in which contacts 9 and 10, which together form a contact system 8, are movably mounted along a switching axis 24.
  • the insulator elements 4 are designed essentially cylindrical, whereby they are also stacked one above the other along the switching axis 24 and form a cylinder along this switching axis 24, which also form the cylinder axis.
  • the individual insulator elements 4 are positively connected to one another, a solder connection predominating in most cases.
  • the housing 3, which encloses the contact system 8, thereby forms a vacuum space 8, which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner with respect to the atmosphere.
  • control elements 34 are arranged on surfaces 20, 21 of the isolator elements 4, at least one capacitive element 12 being applied to a surface 20, 21 of the isolator element 4.
  • control elements 34 are arranged on surfaces 20, 21 of the isolator elements 4, at least one capacitive element 12 being applied to a surface 20, 21 of the isolator element 4.
  • Electrodes 14 are provided, which are preferably arranged between end faces 25 and 26 of the insulator elements 4 along the switching axis 24.
  • the electrodes 14 can be extensions of solder surfaces 27, which are used to connect the individual insulator elements 4.
  • the electrodes 14 protrude radially to the axis 24 seen a little way over the end faces 25 and 26 of the insulator elements 4, so that between these protruding projections of the electrical 14, a dielectric material 16 is arranged on the outer upper surface 20 of the insulator element 4 which is contacted by the electrodes 14.
  • the electrodes 14, which contact the dielectric material 16, together form the capacitive element 12.
  • a resistive material 19 is likewise arranged between electrodes 14, which are fundamentally identical, and is contacted by them. This results in the resistive element 18 together with the electrodes.
  • a capacitive element is arranged on the uppermost insulator element 4 on the outer surface 20, which is connected via the same electrodes 14 as the resistive element on the inside of the isolator element 4. This results in a parallel connection of the two control elements 34. Together with a further resistive element 18 on the adjacent isolator element 4 in FIG. 3, the equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG. 4 results.
  • FIG. 5 shows a representation of the vacuum interrupter 2 according to FIG. 1, the arrangement of the control elements 32 being distributed symmetrically between the housing 3 and the isolator elements 4 with respect to the housing 3. This enables a targeted voltage distribution along the housing 3 to different insulator elements 4. This is a series connection between a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18, as is shown as an equivalent circuit diagram in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 also shows a vacuum interrupter 2 according to FIG. 1, both a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18 being attached to the outer surface 20 of the isolator element 4.
  • the dielectric material 16 is seen radially inside, followed by insulation not described here and then the resistive material 19.
  • Both the dielectric material 16 and the resistive material 19 are with the electrodes 14 according to the equivalent circuit diagram from FIG 8 connected to a parallel connection.
  • a further resistive element 18, as already described, is applied to the subsequent insulator element 4, so that a further resistive element 18 is connected in series with the parallel connection of the resistive element 18 and the capacitive element 12, as shown in FIG. 8 is shown as an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • This circuit can also be repeated symmetrically on the lower part of the housing 3, analogously to FIG. 5.
  • all control elements 34 can be attached both to an inner surface 21 and to an outer upper surface 20 of the insulator elements 4.
  • FIG. 9 An alternative embodiment of the capacitive element 12 is shown in FIG.
  • alternating layers of electrode 14 and dielectric material 16 ra dial are wrapped around the outer surface 20 of the insulator element 4.
  • FIG. 9 An enlarged representation of the detail X in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG.
  • a dielectric material 16 is embedded in each case by a layer of conductive electrode material in the form of the electrode 14.
  • the corresponding replacement circuit diagram is given in Figure 11.
  • FIG. 9 is only an example of a capacitance or a capacitive element 12 represents Darge.
  • the vacuum interrupter shown in FIG. 9 can also be provided with further control elements, as described in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, in any combination, both inside and outside, as required.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter (2), comprising: a housing (3) having at least one annular ceramic insulating element (4), which forms a vacuum chamber (6), a contact system (8) having two contacts (9, 10), which are movable relative to one another. The invention is characterized in that a capacitive element (12) having two electrodes (14) and having a dielectric material (16) arranged between the electrodes (14) is provided, the capacitive element (12) being interlockingly mounted on the insulating element (4) and having a capacitance between 400 pF and 4000 pF.

Description

Beschreibung description
Vakuumschaltröhre und Hochspannungsschaltanordnung Vacuum switching tube and high-voltage switching arrangement
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vakuumschaltröhre nach dem Ober begriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine Hochspannungs- schaltanordnung nach Anspruch 14. The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter according to the preamble of claim 1 and a high-voltage switching arrangement according to claim 14.
In Hochspannungs- oder Höchstspannungsübertragungsnetzen wer den Gas- oder Vakuumleistungsschalter zur Unterbrechung von Betriebs- und Fehlerströmen eingesetzt. Zur Erfüllung der Spannungsanforderungen, insbesondere in Übertragungsnetzen, die eine Nennspannung von mehr als 380 kV aufweisen, werden Leistungsschaltkammern in Serie geschaltet, um die von der Norm vorgeschriebenen Leistungsdaten einzuhalten. Um die Überlastung einer einzelnen Leistungsschaltkammer in dieser Reihenschaltung zu vermeiden, ist eine Steuerung der Span nungsaufteilung notwendig. In der Regel werden die Spannungen über die einzelnen Teile der Leistungsschaltkammern zu je weils 50 % verteilt. Hierzu werden gemäß dem Stand der Tech nik zu den einzelnen Leistungsschaltkammern Steuerelemente parallel geschaltet. Ein derartiges Steuerelement ist in der Regel ein Kondensator bzw. ein Kondensator und ein Widerstand in Reihe geschaltet. Derartige Steuerelemente erfordern einen zusätzlichen Bauraum und sind dabei isoliert anzubringen, was insgesamt zu einem hohen technischen und somit kostenintensi ven Aufwand führt. In high-voltage or extra-high voltage transmission networks, the gas or vacuum circuit breaker is used to interrupt operating and fault currents. To meet the voltage requirements, especially in transmission systems that have a nominal voltage of more than 380 kV, power switching chambers are connected in series in order to comply with the performance data prescribed by the standard. In order to avoid overloading an individual power switching chamber in this series connection, it is necessary to control the voltage distribution. As a rule, the voltages are distributed over the individual parts of the power interrupters to 50% each. For this purpose, control elements are connected in parallel with the individual power switching chambers in accordance with the state of the art. Such a control element is usually a capacitor or a capacitor and a resistor connected in series. Controls of this type require additional installation space and are to be attached in an insulated manner, which leads overall to a high technical and thus cost-intensive effort.
Dabei stellt sich die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vakuum schaltröhre für Hochspannungsanwendungen sowie eine Hochspan- nungsschaltanordnung bereitzustellen, die gegenüber dem Stand der Technik einen niedrigeren technischen Aufwand zur Bereit stellung von Steuerelementen aufweist. The object of the invention is to provide a vacuum interrupter for high-voltage applications and a high-voltage switching arrangement which, compared to the prior art, has a lower technical outlay for providing control elements.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht in einer Vakuumschaltröhre mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie in einer Hochspan- nungsschaltanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 14. Die erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröhre gemäß Patentanspruch 1 umfasst ein Gehäuse mit mindestens einem ringförmigen kerami schen Isolatorelement, das einen Vakuumraum ausbildet. Ferner umfasst die Vakuumschaltröhre ein Kontaktsystem mit zwei zu einander beweglich angeordneten Kontakten. Die Vakuumschalt röhre zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein kapazitives Element mit zwei Elektroden und einen zwischen den Elektroden ange ordneten dielektrischen Material vorgesehen ist, wobei das kapazitive Element formschlüssig an dem Isolatorelement ange bracht ist und eine Kapazität aufweist, die zwischen 400 pF und 4000 pF aufweist. The object is achieved in a vacuum interrupter with the features of claim 1 and in a high-voltage switching arrangement with the features of claim 14. The vacuum interrupter according to the invention comprises a housing with at least one annular ceramic isolator element, which forms a vacuum space. Furthermore, the vacuum interrupter comprises a contact system with two contacts arranged to be movable relative to one another. The vacuum interrupter is characterized in that a capacitive element with two electrodes and a dielectric material arranged between the electrodes is provided, the capacitive element being positively attached to the insulator element and having a capacitance that is between 400 pF and 4000 pF having.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröhre weist dabei gegenüber dem Stand der Technik den Vorteil auf, dass das notwendige Steuerelement zur Aufteilung der Spannung auf die einzelnen Leistungsschaltkammern in die Vakuumschaltröhre und zwar auf der Oberfläche des Isolatorelements integriert ist. Dies führt zu einer Einsparung von Herstellungskosten und zu ge ringeren technischen Aufwand bei der Bereitstellung der Vaku- umschaltröhre und zur Vermeidung von Montagekosten. The vacuum interrupter according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the control element required for distributing the voltage to the individual power switching chambers is integrated into the vacuum interrupter, specifically on the surface of the insulator element. This leads to a saving in manufacturing costs and to a lower technical outlay when providing the vacuum interrupter and to avoid assembly costs.
In einer Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist neben dem kapa zitiven Element, also dem Kondensator, noch ein resistives Element, also ein Widerstand und ebenfalls integriert in min destens einem Isolatorelement, vorgesehen. Dies kann insbe sondere zu einer Reihenschaltung von resistiven Element und kapazitiven Element sowie zu einer Serienschaltung dieser beiden Elemente angewandt sein. In one embodiment of the invention, in addition to the capacitive element, that is to say the capacitor, there is also a resistive element, that is to say a resistor and likewise integrated in at least one insulator element. This can be used in particular for a series connection of resistive element and capacitive element and for a series connection of these two elements.
Dabei ist insbesondere das dielektrische Material des kapazi tiven Elementes schichtförmig auf einer Oberfläche des Isola torelements aufgebracht. Grundsätzlich sind hierfür sowohl die innere als auch die äußere Oberfläche des Isolatorelemen tes geeignet, das Anbringen des resistiven Elementes auf der äußeren Oberfläche hat jedoch den Vorteil, dass eine höhere Auswahl an Materialien, z.B. ein ferroelektrisches Material, eingebettet in eine Epoxidharzmatrix, zur Verfügung stehen, da für die innere Oberfläche ganz besondere Anforderungen an das Ausgasverhalten der Materialien gestellt werden. In particular, the dielectric material of the capacitive element is applied in layers on a surface of the isolator element. Basically, both the inner and the outer surface of the Isolatorelemen are suitable for this, but the attachment of the resistive element on the outer surface has the advantage that a higher selection of materials, such as a ferroelectric material, embedded in an epoxy resin matrix, are available . as there are very special requirements for the outgassing behavior of the materials for the inner surface.
Der Widerstand des resistiven Elementes weist bevorzugt einen Wert auf, der zwischen 100 Ohm und 1500 Ohm liegt oder zwi schen 108 und 1015 Ohm liegt. The resistance of the resistive element preferably has a value which is between 100 ohms and 1500 ohms or between 10 8 and 10 15 ohms.
Das dielektrische Material ist dabei bevorzugt als Schicht auf der Oberfläche des Isolatorelementes aufgebracht und die Schicht weist dabei eine Dicke von 5 ym bis 150 ym oder von 1 mm bis 5 mm auf. Die dazugehörigen Elektroden sind dabei be züglich einer Erstreckung des Isolatorelementes entlang einer Schaltachse an einem oberen und an einer unteren Stirnfläche angeordnet. Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Elektroden in Lotstellen zwischen Isolatorelementen integriert sind. An diesen Stirnflächen lassen sich Elektroden leicht anbringen und zwischen ihnen kann das dielektrische Material an der äu ßeren Oberfläche des Isolatorelementes angebracht sein und somit kontaktiert werden. Die Integration der Elektroden in die Lotstellen ist zweckmäßig aber nicht notwendig. Die Löt stelle selbst kann auch als Elektrode dienen. The dielectric material is preferably applied as a layer on the surface of the insulator element and the layer has a thickness of 5 μm to 150 μm or 1 mm to 5 mm. The associated electrodes are arranged with respect to an extension of the insulator element along a switching axis on an upper and a lower end face. It is expedient if the electrodes are integrated in solder points between insulator elements. Electrodes can be easily attached to these end faces and between them the dielectric material can be attached to the outer surface of the insulator element and thus contacted. The integration of the electrodes in the solder points is useful but not necessary. The soldering point itself can also serve as an electrode.
Alternativ bzw. zusätzlich ist es auch zweckmäßig, dass die Elektroden in Form einer Schicht oder einer Umwicklung auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Isolatorelementes angeordnet sind, so dass auf diese wiederum in einer zweiten Schicht oder zweiten Wicklung das dielektrische Material angeordnet ist und dass ein in einer alternierenden Schichtfolge von Elekt roden und dielektrischen Material auf der äußeren Oberfläche des Isolatormaterials das kapazitive Element erzeugt ist. As an alternative or in addition, it is also expedient that the electrodes are arranged in the form of a layer or a wrapping on the outer surface of the insulator element, so that the dielectric material is in turn arranged on this in a second layer or second winding and that one in a alternating layer sequence of electrodes and dielectric material on the outer surface of the insulator material, the capacitive element is generated.
Als dielektrisches Material ist grundsätzlich ein Material mit einer hohen Dielektrizitätskonstante, insbesondere ein ferroelektrisches Material, geeignet, insbesondere eignet sich ein Titanat, besonders bevorzugt hierbei das Bariumtita- nat . Eine weitere Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist eine Hoch- spannungsschaltanordnung, die eine Vakuumschaltröhre nach ei nem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst und die zudem eine hierzu in Reihe geschaltete weitere Unterbrechereinheit auf weist. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Hochspannungsschaltan ordnung, die grundsätzlich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, jedoch mindestens eine erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröh re als in Reihe geschaltete Unterbrechereinheit umfasst, so dass bei der beschriebenen Hochspannungsschaltanordnung auf die entsprechenden Steuerungselemente, insbesondere kapazitiv wirkende Kondensatoren verzichtet werden kann. Dabei ist be vorzugt eine der beiden Unterbrechereinheiten die beschriebe ne Vakuumschaltröhre und eine zweite Unterbrechereinheit ein gasisolierter Schalter. Falls ein gasisolierter Schalter ver wendet wird, ist eine Parallelschaltung herkömmlicher Steue relemente zum gasisolierten Schalter erforderlich. In principle, a material with a high dielectric constant, in particular a ferroelectric material, is suitable as the dielectric material, in particular a titanate is suitable, particularly preferably the barium titanate. A further embodiment of the invention is a high-voltage switching arrangement which comprises a vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims and which also has a further interrupter unit connected in series with it. This is a high-voltage switching arrangement which is basically known from the prior art, but comprises at least one vacuum interrupter according to the invention as a series-connected interrupter unit, so that the corresponding control elements, in particular capacitive capacitors, can be dispensed with in the described high-voltage switching arrangement , One of the two interrupter units is preferably the described vacuum interrupter and a second interrupter unit is a gas-insulated switch. If a gas-insulated switch is used, a parallel connection of conventional control elements to the gas-insulated switch is required.
Weitere Ausgestaltungsformen und weitere Merkmale der Erfin dung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Figurenbeschreibung. Merkmale mir derselben Bezeichnung aber in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungsformen werden dabei mit demselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Es handelt sich dabei um reine schematische Ausge staltungsformen, die exemplarischen Charakter haben und die keine Einschränkung des Schutzbereiches darstellen. Dabei zeigen : Further embodiments and further features of the inven tion result from the following description of the figures. Features with the same name but in different configurations are provided with the same reference numerals. These are purely schematic configurations that have an exemplary character and do not represent a restriction of the scope of protection. Show:
Figur 1 ein Ersatzschaltbild einer Hochspannungsschaltan ordnung aus dem Stand der Technik mit parallel ge schalteten Steuerelementen, FIG. 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a high-voltage switching arrangement from the prior art with control elements connected in parallel,
Figur 2 eine Hochspannungsschaltanlage mit zwei in Reihe geschalteten Unterbrechereinheiten, die integrierte Steuerelemente aufweisen, FIG. 2 shows a high-voltage switchgear assembly with two interrupter units connected in series and having integrated control elements,
Figur 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit auf den Oberflächen von Isolatorelementen inte grierten resistiven und kapazitiven Steuerelemen ten, Figur 4 ein Ersatzschaltbild der Anordnung der kapazitiven und resistiven Elemente zur Vakuumschaltröhre gemäß Figur 3, FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter with resistive and capacitive control elements integrated on the surfaces of insulator elements, FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the arrangement of the capacitive and resistive elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 3,
Figur 5 einen Querschnitt durch eine Vakuumschaltröhre ge mäß Figur 1 mit Steuerelementen im unteren und obe ren Bereich der Vakuumschaltröhre, 5 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1 with control elements in the lower and upper region of the vacuum interrupter,
Figur 6 ein Ersatzschaltbild der Steuerelemente zur Vakuum schaltröhre gemäß Figur 5, FIG. 6 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the control elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 5,
Figur 7 eine Vakuumschaltröhre gemäß Figur 1 mit Steuerele menten gemäß Ersatzschaltbild aus Figur 8, FIG. 7 shows a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1 with control elements according to the equivalent circuit diagram from FIG. 8,
Figur 8 ein Ersatzschaltbild der Steuerelemente zur Vakuum- schaltröhre gemäß Figur 7, 8 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the control elements for the vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 7,
Figur 9 eine Vakuumschaltröhre gemäß Figur 1, wobei das ka pazitive Element in Form von einer alternierenden Schicht auf ein Isolatorelement aufgebracht ist, FIG. 9 shows a vacuum interrupter according to FIG. 1, the capacitive element being applied to an insulator element in the form of an alternating layer,
Figur 10 ein vergrößerter Ausschnitt der Schichtfolge aus dem Ausschnitt X in Figur 9 und FIG. 10 shows an enlarged section of the layer sequence from section X in FIGS. 9 and
Figur 11 ein Ersatzschaltbild für das Steuerelement gemäß der Vakuumschaltröhre aus Figur 9. FIG. 11 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for the control element according to the vacuum interrupter from FIG. 9.
In Figur 1 ist eine Reihenschaltung von zwei Unterbrecherein heiten 32 gemäß dem Stand der Technik gezeigt. Diese Unter brechereinheiten 32 können gasisolierte Schalter sein, es können allerdings auch Vakuumschaltröhren sein. Parallel zu den in Reihe geschalteten Unterbrechereinheiten 32 sind Steu erelemente 34 verschaltet, um die einzelnen Unterbrecherein heiten 32 in dieser Reihenschaltung vor Überlastung zu schüt zen. Hierzu werden Widerstände oder Kondensatoren in Paral lel- oder aber auch in Serieschaltung verwendet. Die Spannun- gen werden zwischen den einzelnen Unterbrechereinheiten 32 hierdurch aufgeteilt und eine Überlastung wird verhindert. In Figure 1, a series connection of two interrupter units 32 is shown according to the prior art. These breaker units 32 can be gas-insulated switches, but it can also be vacuum interrupters. In parallel to the interrupter units 32 connected in series, control elements 34 are connected in order to protect the individual interrupter units 32 in this series circuit from overload. For this purpose, resistors or capacitors are used in parallel or in series. The tensions conditions are thereby divided between the individual interrupter units 32 and an overload is prevented.
In Figur 2 ist eine Ausgestaltung dargestellt, wobei eine Un terbrechereinheit 32 in Form einer Vakuumschaltröhre 2 mit einer weiteren Unterbrechereinheit 32 in Reihe geschaltet ist. Die Vakuumschaltröhre 2 weist dabei Steuerelemente 34 auf, die in Form von kapazitiven Elementen 12 ausgestaltet sind und die in die Vakuumschaltröhre 2 integriert sind, wie dies gemäß Figur 3 näher erläutert wird. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which an interrupter unit 32 in the form of a vacuum interrupter 2 is connected in series with a further interrupter unit 32. The vacuum interrupter 2 has control elements 34 which are designed in the form of capacitive elements 12 and which are integrated in the vacuum interrupter 2, as will be explained in more detail in accordance with FIG. 3.
Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Vakuumschaltröhre 2, die ein Gehäuse 3 aufweist, wobei das Gehäuse 3 mehrere Isolatorelemente 4 und einen zentral angebrachten Metall schirm 5 aufweist. Der Metallschirm 5 ist im Gehäuse 3 so an geordnet, dass er in der Position gelagert ist, in der sich Kontakte 9 und 10, die zusammen ein Kontaktsystem 8 bilden, beweglich entlang einer Schaltachse 24 gelagert sind. Figure 3 shows a cross section through a vacuum interrupter 2, which has a housing 3, the housing 3 having a plurality of insulator elements 4 and a centrally attached metal screen 5. The metal screen 5 is arranged in the housing 3 so that it is mounted in the position in which contacts 9 and 10, which together form a contact system 8, are movably mounted along a switching axis 24.
Die Isolatorelemente 4 sind im Wesentlichen zylindrisch aus gestaltet, wobei sie dabei ebenfalls entlang der Schaltachse 24 übereinandergestapelt sind und entlang dieser Schaltachse 24, die auch die Zylinderachse bilden, einen Zylinder ausbil den. Die einzelnen Isolatorelemente 4 sind dabei miteinander formschlüssig verbunden, wobei in den meisten Fällen eine Lotverbindung vorherrscht. Das Gehäuse 3, das das Kontaktsys tem 8 umschließt, bildet dabei einen Vakuumraum 8, der insge samt vakuumdicht gegenüber der Atmosphäre abgeschlossen ist. The insulator elements 4 are designed essentially cylindrical, whereby they are also stacked one above the other along the switching axis 24 and form a cylinder along this switching axis 24, which also form the cylinder axis. The individual insulator elements 4 are positively connected to one another, a solder connection predominating in most cases. The housing 3, which encloses the contact system 8, thereby forms a vacuum space 8, which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner with respect to the atmosphere.
Soweit handelt es sich schematisch gesehen um eine herkömmli che Vakuumschaltröhre 2 gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Von die sem unterscheidet sich die vorliegende Vakuumschaltröhre 2 darin, dass an Oberflächen 20, 21 der Isolatorelemente 4 Steuerelemente 34 angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens ein kapa zitives Element 12 an einer Oberfläche 20, 21 des Isolatorel ementes 4 aufgebracht ist. Dabei muss nicht explizit zwischen einer inneren 21 und äußeren Oberfläche 20 des Isolatorele mentes unterschieden werden, wobei es in vielen Fällen zweck- mäßig ist, das kapazitive Element 12 an der äußeren Oberflä che 20 des Isolatorelementes 4 aufzubringen. To the extent that it is seen schematically, it is a conventional vacuum interrupter 2 according to the prior art. The present vacuum interrupter 2 differs from this in that control elements 34 are arranged on surfaces 20, 21 of the isolator elements 4, at least one capacitive element 12 being applied to a surface 20, 21 of the isolator element 4. There is no need to explicitly differentiate between an inner 21 and outer surface 20 of the isolator element, although in many cases it is useful it is moderate to apply the capacitive element 12 to the outer surface 20 of the insulator element 4.
Dabei sind Elektroden 14 vorgesehen, die bevorzugt zwischen Stirnflächen 25 und 26 der Isolatorelemente 4 entlang der Schaltachse 24 angeordnet sind. Dabei können die Elektroden 14 Verlängerungen von Lotflächen 27 sein, die zum Verbinden der einzelnen Isolatorelemente 4 dienen. Die Elektroden 14 ragen dabei radial zur Achse 24 gesehen ein Stück weit über die Stirnflächen 25 bzw. 26 der Isolatorelemente 4 heraus, so dass zwischen diesen herausragenden Überständen der Elektro den 14 ein dielektrisches Material 16 auf der äußeren Ober fläche 20 des Isolatorelementes 4 angeordnet ist, das durch die Elektroden 14 kontaktiert ist. Die Elektroden 14, die das dielektrische Material 16 kontaktieren, bilden zusammen mit diesem das kapazitive Element 12. Electrodes 14 are provided, which are preferably arranged between end faces 25 and 26 of the insulator elements 4 along the switching axis 24. The electrodes 14 can be extensions of solder surfaces 27, which are used to connect the individual insulator elements 4. The electrodes 14 protrude radially to the axis 24 seen a little way over the end faces 25 and 26 of the insulator elements 4, so that between these protruding projections of the electrical 14, a dielectric material 16 is arranged on the outer upper surface 20 of the insulator element 4 which is contacted by the electrodes 14. The electrodes 14, which contact the dielectric material 16, together form the capacitive element 12.
Im Weiteren ist es zweckmäßig, dass zwischen grundsätzlich baugleichen Elektroden 14 ebenfalls ein resistives Material 19 angeordnet ist und durch diese kontaktiert wird. Hieraus ergibt sich zusammen mit den Elektroden das resistive Element 18. In der Darstellung gemäß Figur 3 sind am obersten Isola torelement 4 an der äußeren Oberfläche 20 ein kapazitives Element angeordnet, das über dieselben Elektroden 14 verbun den ist, wie das resistive Element an der Innenseite des Iso latorelementes 4. Hiermit ergibt sich eine Parallelschaltung der beiden Steuerelemente 34. Gemeinsam mit einem weiteren resistiven Element 18 am angrenzenden Isolatorelement 4 in Figur 3 ergibt sich das Ersatzschaltbild gemäß Figur 4. Furthermore, it is expedient that a resistive material 19 is likewise arranged between electrodes 14, which are fundamentally identical, and is contacted by them. This results in the resistive element 18 together with the electrodes. In the illustration according to FIG. 3, a capacitive element is arranged on the uppermost insulator element 4 on the outer surface 20, which is connected via the same electrodes 14 as the resistive element on the inside of the isolator element 4. This results in a parallel connection of the two control elements 34. Together with a further resistive element 18 on the adjacent isolator element 4 in FIG. 3, the equivalent circuit diagram according to FIG. 4 results.
Als Material für das kapazitive Element 12, also das dielekt rische Material 16 wird bevorzugt zur Einstellung der ge wünschten Kapazität ein Material mit einem hohen sr also ei ner hohen dielektrischen Konstante verwendet. Hierfür eignen sich ferroelektrische Materialien insbesondere ein Titanat, bevorzugt wird das Bariumtitanat (sr = 1000) eingesetzt. Um eine entsprechende Kapazität von 400 pF bis 4000 pF zu erzie len, kann das dielektrische Material das Bariumtitanat in Konzentrationen erhalten, die bei einer vorgegebenen Schicht dicke des dielektrischen Materials 16 auf den Isolatorelement 4 zu der gewünschten Kapazität führt. Insbesondere ist ein dielektrisches Material von Vorteil, bei dem das Bariumtita- nat in eine Epoxidharzmatrix eingebettet ist. Die Dicke der Schicht des dielektrischen Materials 16 des kapazitiven Ele ments 12 beträgt dabei in der Regel mehr zwischen 5 ym bis 150 ym der zwischen 1 mm bis 5 mm. As a material for the capacitive element 12, that is, the dielectric material 16, a material with a high s r, ie, a high dielectric constant, is preferably used to set the desired capacitance. Ferroelectric materials are particularly suitable for this purpose, a titanate; barium titanate (s r = 1000) is preferably used. In order to achieve an appropriate capacitance from 400 pF to 4000 pF, the dielectric material can contain the barium titanate Obtain concentrations that lead to the desired capacitance at a given layer thickness of the dielectric material 16 on the insulator element 4. A dielectric material in which the barium titanate is embedded in an epoxy resin matrix is particularly advantageous. The thickness of the layer of the dielectric material 16 of the capacitive element 12 is generally more between 5 μm and 150 μm or between 1 mm and 5 mm.
In Figur 5 ist eine Darstellung der Vakuumschaltröhre 2 gemäß Figur 1 gegeben, wobei dabei die Anordnung der Steuerelemente 32 symmetrisch auf das Gehäuse 3 bzw. auf die Isolatorelemen te 4 bezüglich des Gehäuses 3 verteilt ist. Dies ermöglicht eine gezielte Spannungsaufteilung entlang des Gehäuses 3 auf verschiedene Isolatorelemente 4. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Reihenschaltung zwischen einem kapazitiven Element 12 und einem resistiven Element 18, wie sie als Ersatzschaltbild in der Figur 6 wiedergegeben ist. 5 shows a representation of the vacuum interrupter 2 according to FIG. 1, the arrangement of the control elements 32 being distributed symmetrically between the housing 3 and the isolator elements 4 with respect to the housing 3. This enables a targeted voltage distribution along the housing 3 to different insulator elements 4. This is a series connection between a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18, as is shown as an equivalent circuit diagram in FIG. 6.
In Figur 7 ist ebenfalls eine Vakuumschaltröhre 2 gemäß Figur 1 dargestellt, wobei auf der äußeren Oberfläche 20 des Isola torelementes 4 sowohl ein kapazitives Element 12 als auch ein resistives Element 18 angebracht sind. Dabei befindet sich das dielektrisch wirkende Material 16 radial gesehen innen, darauf folgt eine hier nicht näher beschriebene Isolierung und anschließend das resistive Material 19. Sowohl das die lektrische Material 16 als auch das resistive Material 19 werden mit den Elektroden 14 entsprechend des Ersatzschalt bildes aus Figur 8 zu einer Parallelschaltung verbunden. Auf dem darauffolgenden Isolatorelement 4 ist ein weiteres re sistives Element 18, wie bereits beschrieben, aufgebracht, so dass zu der Parallelschaltung des resistiven Elements 18 und des kapazitiven Elements 12 noch ein weiteres resistives Ele ment 18 in Serie geschaltet ist, wie dies in Figur 8 als Er satzschaltbild abgebildet ist. Auch diese Schaltung kann ana log der Figur 5 symmetrisch auf dem unteren Bereich des Ge häuses 3 wiederholt werden. Grundsätzlich handelt es sich bei der Darstellung und der Anordnung der resistiven bzw. kapazi- tiven Elemente 12, 18 um exemplarische Ausgestaltungsformen. Sie könnten ebenfalls auf allen anderen Isolatorelementen 4 angeordnet sein. Dabei können, und das gilt für die Figuren 3, 5, 7 und 9 gleichermaßen, alle Steuerelemente 34 sowohl an einer inneren Oberfläche 21 als auch an einer äußeren Ober fläche 20 der Isolatorelemente 4 angebracht sein. FIG. 7 also shows a vacuum interrupter 2 according to FIG. 1, both a capacitive element 12 and a resistive element 18 being attached to the outer surface 20 of the isolator element 4. Here, the dielectric material 16 is seen radially inside, followed by insulation not described here and then the resistive material 19. Both the dielectric material 16 and the resistive material 19 are with the electrodes 14 according to the equivalent circuit diagram from FIG 8 connected to a parallel connection. A further resistive element 18, as already described, is applied to the subsequent insulator element 4, so that a further resistive element 18 is connected in series with the parallel connection of the resistive element 18 and the capacitive element 12, as shown in FIG. 8 is shown as an equivalent circuit diagram. This circuit can also be repeated symmetrically on the lower part of the housing 3, analogously to FIG. 5. Basically, the representation and the arrangement of the resistive or capacitive tive elements 12, 18 to exemplary embodiments. They could also be arranged on all other insulator elements 4. Here, and this applies equally to FIGS. 3, 5, 7 and 9, all control elements 34 can be attached both to an inner surface 21 and to an outer upper surface 20 of the insulator elements 4.
In Figur 9 ist eine alternative Ausgestaltung des kapazitiven Elementes 12 dargestellt. Hierbei werden alternierende Schichten von Elektrode 14 und dielektrischen Material 16 ra dial um die äußere Oberfläche 20 des Isolatorelementes 4 ge wickelt. Eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnittes X in Figur 9 ist in Figur 10 dargestellt. Hier ist die Schichtfol ge auf der äußeren Oberfläche 20 mit Elektrode 14, und die lektrischem Material 16 zu erkennen. Somit wird ein dielekt risches Material 16 jeweils von einer Schicht leitenden Elektrodenmaterials in Form der Elektrode 14 eingebettet. Auf diese Weise können die entsprechenden gewünschten Kapazitäten des Steuerelementes 34 durch die Anzahl der einzelnen Schich ten genauer eingestellt werden. Das entsprechende Ersatz schaltbild ist in Figur 11 gegeben. Hier ist lediglich exemp larisch eine Kapazität bzw. ein kapazitives Element 12 darge stellt. Auch die in Figur 9 dargestellte Vakuumschaltröhre kann mit weiteren Steuerelementen, wie sie in den Figuren 3, 5 und 7 beschrieben sind, in jeglicher Kombination je nach Bedarf sowohl innen als auch außen versehen werden. An alternative embodiment of the capacitive element 12 is shown in FIG. Here, alternating layers of electrode 14 and dielectric material 16 ra dial are wrapped around the outer surface 20 of the insulator element 4. An enlarged representation of the detail X in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. Here is the layer fol ge on the outer surface 20 with electrode 14, and the dielectric material 16 can be seen. Thus, a dielectric material 16 is embedded in each case by a layer of conductive electrode material in the form of the electrode 14. In this way, the corresponding desired capacities of the control element 34 can be set more precisely by the number of individual layers. The corresponding replacement circuit diagram is given in Figure 11. Here is only an example of a capacitance or a capacitive element 12 represents Darge. The vacuum interrupter shown in FIG. 9 can also be provided with further control elements, as described in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, in any combination, both inside and outside, as required.
Bezugs zeichenliste Reference character list
2 Vakuumschaltröhre 2 vacuum interrupters
3 Gehäuse  3 housing
4 Isolatorelement  4 isolator element
5 Metallschirm  5 metal screen
6 Vakuumraum  6 vacuum room
8 Kontaktsystem  8 contact system
9 Bewegkontakt  9 moving contact
10 Festkontakt  10 fixed contact
12 kapazitives Element  12 capacitive element
14 Elektroden  14 electrodes
16 dielektrisches Material  16 dielectric material
18 resistives Element  18 resistive element
19 resistives Material  19 resistive material
20 äußere Oberfläche Isolatorelement  20 outer surface insulator element
21 innere Oberfläche  21 inner surface
22 Schicht dielektrisches Material  22 layer dielectric material
24 Schaltachse  24 switching axis
25 obere Stirnfläche  25 upper face
26 untere Stirnfläche  26 lower end face
27 Lotflächen  27 solder surfaces
28 Schaltanordnung  28 switching arrangement
32 Unterbrechereinheit  32 breaker unit
34 Steuerelement  34 control
36 Reihenschaltung von Leistungsschaltkammern  36 Series connection of power interrupters

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vakuumschaltröhre (2) umfassend 1. Vacuum interrupter (2) comprising
- ein Gehäuse (3) mit mindestens einem ringförmigen kerami schen Isolatorelement (4), das einen Vakuumraum (6) ausbil det,  - A housing (3) with at least one annular ceramic insulating element (4) forming a vacuum chamber (6),
- ein Kontaktsystem (8) mit zwei zueinander beweglich ange ordneten Kontakten (9, 10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein kapazitives Element (12) mit zwei Elektroden (14) und ei nem zwischen den Elektroden (14) angeordneten dielektrischen Material (16) vorgesehen ist, wobei das kapazitive Element (12) formschlüssig an dem Isolatorelement (4) angebracht ist und eine Kapazität zwischen 400 pF und 4000 pF aufweist.  - A contact system (8) with two mutually movably arranged contacts (9, 10), characterized in that a capacitive element (12) with two electrodes (14) and egg nem arranged between the electrodes (14) dielectric material (16) is provided, the capacitive element (12) being positively attached to the insulator element (4) and having a capacitance between 400 pF and 4000 pF.
2. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass neben dem kapazitiven Element (12) ein resistives Ele ment (18) an mindestens einem Isolatorelement (4) vorgesehen ist . 2. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the capacitive element (12), a resistive element (18) is provided on at least one insulator element (4).
3. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass zumindest das dielektrische Material (16) des kapazitiven Elements (12) schichtförmig auf eine Oberfläche (20) des Isolatorelementes (4) aufgebracht ist. 3. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the dielectric material (16) of the capacitive element (12) is applied in layers to a surface (20) of the insulator element (4).
4. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kapazitive Element (12) an einer äußeren Oberfläche (20, 21 des Isolatorelementes (4) angeordnet ist. 4. Vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacitive element (12) is arranged on an outer surface (20, 21 of the insulator element (4).
5. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kapazitive Element (12) und das resistive Element (18) in Reihe geschaltet sind. 5. Vacuum interrupter according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the capacitive element (12) and the resistive element (18) are connected in series.
6. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das resistive Element (18) form schlüssig mit dem Isolatorelement (4) verbunden ist. 6. Vacuum interrupter according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the resistive element (18) is positively connected to the insulator element (4).
7. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das resistive Element einen Wi derstand aufweist, der zwischen 100 Ohm und 1500 Ohm oder zwischen 108 Ohm und 1015 Ohm liegt. 7. Vacuum interrupter according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the resistive element has a Wi resistance, which is between 100 ohms and 1500 ohms or between 10 8 ohms and 10 15 ohms.
8. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dielektrische Material (16) als Schicht (22) auf der Oberfläche (20, 21) des Isolatorele mentes (4) aufgebracht ist und die Schicht (22) eine Dicke von 5 ym bis 150 ym oder 1 mm bis 5 mm aufweist. 8. Vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dielectric material (16) as a layer (22) on the surface (20, 21) of the Isolatorele element (4) is applied and the layer (22) has a thickness of 5 ym to 150 ym or 1 mm to 5 mm.
9. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (14) so an dem Isolatorelement (4) angeordnet sind, so dass sie sich bezüg lich einer Erstreckung des Isolatorelementes entlang einer Schaltachse (24) an einer oberen und an einer unteren Stirn fläche befinden. 9. Vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes (14) are arranged on the insulator element (4) so that they relate to an extension of the insulator element along a switching axis (24) on an upper and on an lower end face.
10. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 9 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (14) in Lotstellen zwischen den Isolato relementen integriert sind. 10. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 9, characterized in that the electrodes (14) are integrated in solder points between the isolato elements.
11. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode (14) als Schicht auf die äußere Oberfläche (20, 21) des Isolatorele mentes (4) aufgebracht ist. 11. Vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrode (14) is applied as a layer on the outer surface (20, 21) of the isolator element (4).
12. Vakuumschaltröhre nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeich net, dass das kapazitive Element (12) als alternierende 12. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 11, characterized in that the capacitive element (12) as an alternating
Schichtfolge von Elektrode (14), dielektrischem Material (16) und Elektrode (14) auf der äußeren Oberfläche (20, 2) des Isolatorelementes (4) angeordnet ist. Layer sequence of electrode (14), dielectric material (16) and electrode (14) on the outer surface (20, 2) of the insulator element (4) is arranged.
13. Vakuumschaltröhre nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü chen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dielektrische Material (16) ein ferroelektrisches Material, insbesondere ein Tita- nat, besonders bevorzugt Bariumtitanat enthält. 13. Vacuum interrupter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dielectric material (16) contains a ferroelectric material, in particular a titanate, particularly preferably barium titanate.
14. Hochspannungsschaltanordnung (28) umfassend eine Vakuum schaltröhre (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 und eine weitere, hierzu in Reihe geschaltete Unterbrechereinheit (32) . 14. High-voltage switching arrangement (28) comprising a vacuum interrupter (2) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and a further interrupter unit (32) connected in series.
15. Hochspannungsschaltanordnung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unterbrechereinheit (32) eine Vaku- umschaltröhre (2) oder ein gasisolierter Schalter ist. 15. High-voltage switching arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that the interrupter unit (32) is a vacuum switching tube (2) or a gas-insulated switch.
EP19752936.5A 2018-08-01 2019-07-24 Vacuum interrupter and high-voltage switching assembly Active EP3807920B1 (en)

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US20210327666A1 (en) 2021-10-21
EP3807920B1 (en) 2023-06-28
JP7187670B2 (en) 2022-12-12
KR102568806B1 (en) 2023-08-21
WO2020025407A1 (en) 2020-02-06
JP2021533540A (en) 2021-12-02
CN112514020B (en) 2024-07-12
KR20210033525A (en) 2021-03-26
DE102018212853A1 (en) 2020-02-06
US11456133B2 (en) 2022-09-27
CN112514020A (en) 2021-03-16

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