EP3806825A1 - Emulsion pour la chirurgie d'ablation ultrasonore - Google Patents
Emulsion pour la chirurgie d'ablation ultrasonoreInfo
- Publication number
- EP3806825A1 EP3806825A1 EP19735493.9A EP19735493A EP3806825A1 EP 3806825 A1 EP3806825 A1 EP 3806825A1 EP 19735493 A EP19735493 A EP 19735493A EP 3806825 A1 EP3806825 A1 EP 3806825A1
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- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- phase
- droplets
- compound
- tac
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
- A61K49/1806—Suspensions, emulsions, colloids, dispersions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
- A61K31/025—Halogenated hydrocarbons carbocyclic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0052—Thermotherapy; Hyperthermia; Magnetic induction; Induction heating therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
- A61K9/0009—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy involving or responsive to electricity, magnetism or acoustic waves; Galenical aspects of sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation or electroosmosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
- A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N7/02—Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present description relates to an emulsion particularly suitable for use in ultrasonic ablation surgery.
- the present description also relates to such an emulsion for its use as an improving agent in ultrasonic ablation surgery as well as to a process for manufacturing such an emulsion.
- Ultrasonic ablation surgery is a therapeutic method based on the use of ultrasound beams focused on targeted organs which is developing for many diseases: treatment of fibroids, currently in clinical phase, treatment of ocular pathologies and treatment of breast cancers, liver, kidney, prostate and brain, currently in clinical testing.
- ultrasound ablation is a type of non-invasive surgery that notably prevents infections, scars, allows better recovery of the patient after the intervention, and it would therefore be desirable to use this surgery routinely.
- Ultrasonic ablation involves heating a diseased tissue with a focused ultrasound beam to the point of burning the tissue. Ultrasonic ablation therefore requires significant ultrasonic intensities, of the order of several thousand W / cm 2 , hence the generally used term of HIFU ("High Intensity Focused Ultrasound", according to the Anglo-Saxon name, for "High Intensity Focused Ultrasound”). In addition, the frequencies generally used in HIFU ablation surgery are greater than 1 MHz, and can reach ten MHz. In order to warm up a specific part of the diseased tissue, focused transducers are used to focus the ultrasound beam. Before or after the focal point, the ultrasonic beam is defocused, and then has less energy than at the focal point, but which remains after all very important.
- the formation of a bubble cloud can also block the propagation of ultrasonic waves in areas of distant fields.
- ultrasonic waves of less intensity can be used, which sometimes makes it possible to limit collateral damage by avoiding heating of bones or other sensitive dense tissues before and / or after the focal point.
- these perfluorocarbon droplet emulsions are nanoemulsions, involving nano PFC droplets of size generally between 100 nm and 300 nm.
- the document WO2017 / 001686A1 describes nanodroplets of this size, as well as a size preferably between 100 nm and 250 nm.
- These nanoemulsions are based on the effect of exacerbated retention of tumor tissues to accumulate there (EPR, for “Enhanced Permeability Retention”).
- EPR for “Enhanced Permeability Retention”.
- nanoemulsions require significant activation energies at physiological temperature, which results in the use of intensities generally equivalent to several thousand W / cm 2 , and frequencies generally greater than 1 MHz.
- the term “include” is synonymous with (means the same as) “include”, “contain”, and is inclusive or open and does not exclude other elements not described or represented. Furthermore, in the present description, the term “approximately” is synonymous with (means the same as) a lower and / or higher margin of 10% of the respective value.
- One of the objectives of the present description is to provide an emulsion suitable for use as an improving agent which can be used in ultrasonic ablation surgery while being able to avoid side effects such as burns of bone and healthy tissue. .
- an emulsion comprising:
- a first phase comprising droplets including at least one perfluorocarbon compound
- the droplets have a diameter d 4.3 of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 5.5 ⁇ m;
- the at least one perfluorocarbon compound has a boiling point above 100 ° C.
- the perfluorocarbon compound is also designated by its acronym PFC.
- d 4.3 is meant the mean diameter of De Brouckère, namely the mean diameter by volume-weight of the droplets of the emulsion measured at the time of use of the emulsion , for example when the injection is injected into the body of a patient.
- all the values of diameter d 4.3 are measured using a dynamic light scattering instrument, and determined by Mie theory, as described in the detailed description.
- the diameter D10 of the droplets is understood to mean the droplet diameter for which 90% of the total population of droplets of the emulsion have a diameter greater than or equal to this value.
- D90 is meant the droplet diameter for which 10% of the total population of droplets of the emulsion have a diameter greater than this value.
- an emulsion as defined in one or more embodiments of the present description can accentuate the thermal contrast between the tissue to be treated by ultrasonic ablation and the structures at risk in the near and far field of the focal point. Indeed, even when the ultrasonic energy is concentrated on the focal point, this, in the case of the nanoemulsions of the prior art, can also be deposited all along the beam of ultrasonic waves, in front of or behind the point focal, and cause severe side effects such as burns of bone and healthy tissue.
- this problem thanks to the lower energies deposited before and after the focal point by the emulsion of the present description, is overcome.
- “focal point” means the point where a beam of ultrasonic waves is focused during an ultrasonic ablation carried out on a tissue to be treated after injection by intravenous, intraarterial or directly into the tissue. to be treated, of the emulsion.
- an ultrasonic ablation carried out by focusing an ultrasonic beam at the focal point can generate a minimal loss of thermal deposit, of the order of about 5% or less. This low attenuation of the thermal efficiency is proof of the great stability of the droplets.
- droplets having a diameter d 4.3 of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 5.5 ⁇ m makes it possible, in particular but not exclusively, to lower their ultrasonic activation threshold in comparison with smaller droplets, such as nano droplets smaller than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a d 4 , 3 droplets greater than 6 ⁇ m could cause blockage of the blood capillaries.
- a d 4.3 less than 6 pm makes it possible to make the transpulmonary droplets.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 2 pm and 5.5 pm, for example between 3 pm and 5 pm.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 3.5 ⁇ m and 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets can be between 2.0 ⁇ m and 3.5 ⁇ m, for example between 2.2 ⁇ m and 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 1.0 pm and 2.0 mhi, for example between 1.2 mhi and 1.9 mih.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 1.4 mhi and 1.8 mhi.
- the ratio D90 / D10 can be between 1.5 and 5.5.
- the volume concentration of the first phase in the second phase is between 0.001% v / v and 10% v / v.
- the volume concentration is between 0.10% v / v and 2% v / v.
- the concentration is between 0.10% v / v and 0.30% v / v.
- At least one perfluorocarbon compound has a boiling point greater than 100 ° C and less than or equal to 160 ° C.
- the boiling point of the at least one perfluorocarbon compound may be between 110 ° C and 160 ° C, for example between 120 ° C and 160 ° C, for example between 130 ° C and 160 ° C , for example between 130 ° C and 150 ° C.
- the inventors have been able to observe, during tests carried out on models of tissues exposed to ultrasonic beams, that an emulsion comprising at least one perfluorocarbon compound having a boiling point above 100 ° C., and for example a boiling point. boiling at least 130 ° C results in an even more satisfactory thermal contrast effect, in particular in terms of temperature increase at the focal point.
- the droplets that have survived the treatment can then be used for subsequent applications, for example in imaging, which can accompany ultrasonic ablation. in order to better guide the ultrasonic ablation or for vectorization and controlled release of active ingredients.
- the at least one perfluorocarbon compound is selected from the group comprising perfluorooctane, perfluorononane, perfluorodecaline, perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) and perfluoro-ether 15-crown-5 (PFCE) .
- At least one perfluorocarbon compound is selected from the group comprising perfluorodecaline, perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) and perfluoroether 15-crown-5 (PFCE).
- the at least one perfluorocarbon compound may be in the presence of one or more other perfluorocarbon compounds as defined above and also included in the first phase of the emulsion.
- the saturation vapor pressure of said perfluorocarbon compound can be between 0.1 kPa and 10 kPa.
- the droplets are dispersed in the second aqueous phase.
- the amphiphilic compound which fulfills the function of surfactant, can encapsulate the droplets by giving them stability.
- this stability can be further improved by selecting the amphiphilic compound from compounds particularly suitable for imparting stability to the droplets and / or other properties.
- the amphiphilic compound comprises a dendrimer of the Dendri-TAC type, such as those described in patent application EP3095806 A1.
- Dentri-TAC constitute a new class of amphiphilic compounds having self- assembly and highly modular, whether at the hydrophobic tail or the multiplication of branches of the hydrophilic head.
- the amphiphilic compound comprises an F / TAC TM type oligomer.
- the amphiphilic compounds FITAC type n not only provide improved stability to the droplets, but also have good biocompatibility.
- FiTAC n comprise a hydrophilic part (or "polar head") comprising an oligomer of polyTRIS type, and a hydrophobic part comprising a linear fluorinated alkyl chain.
- n is the degree of oligomerization of the polyTRIS part and i is the number of carbon atoms carrying fluorine atoms.
- i is between 6 and 10.
- n when i is between 6 and 10, n is between 1 and 40, preferably between 4 and 30.
- n is between 1 and 40, for example between 4 and 30.
- the amphiphilic compound is selected from the group comprising F-TAC are F TACz, F 6 TAC / 2 , F 6 TAC 2 P, F S TAC Z , F S TAC; 3 and F s TAC; z ⁇
- the droplets of the emulsion by variably introducing specific ligands on the polar head of the surfactant, such as RGD peptides or glycosidic units (mannose, glucose, galactose. ..), in order to provide the droplets with specificity to the environment of the tumor or of any other tissue that surgery aims to eradicate.
- specific ligands on the polar head of the surfactant such as RGD peptides or glycosidic units (mannose, glucose, galactose. ..)
- an emulsion for use as an improving agent in ultrasonic ablation surgery comprising:
- a first phase comprising droplets including at least one perfluorocarbon compound having a boiling point above l00 ° C;
- the droplets have a diameter d 4.3 of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 5.5 ⁇ m.
- the emulsion may include one or more characteristics already presented above with reference to the embodiments of the emulsion.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets can be between 2 pm and 5.5 pm, for example between 3 pm and 5 pm.
- the diameter d 4.3 of said droplets is between 3.5 ⁇ m and 4.5 ⁇ m.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets can also be comprised, for example, between 2.0 ⁇ m and 3.5 ⁇ m, for example between 2.2 ⁇ m and 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 1.0 pm and 2.0 pm, for example between 1.2 pm and 1.9 pm.
- the diameter d 4.3 of the droplets is between 1.4 pm and 1.8 pm.
- the volume concentration of the first phase in the second phase is between 0.001% v / v and 10% v / v.
- the volume concentration of the first phase in the second phase is between 0.10% v / v and 2% v / v.
- the concentration of the first phase in the second phase is between 0.10% v / v and 0.30% v / v.
- At least one perfluorocarbon compound can comprise at least one perfluorocarbon compound selected from the group comprising perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), perfluorohexane (PFH), perfluoropentane (PFP), perfluoroether 15-crown- 5 (PFCE), dodecafluoropentane, perfluoropropane, decafluorobutane (DFB), octafluoropropane (OFP).
- PFOB perfluorooctyl bromide
- PFP perfluorohexane
- PFP perfluoropentane
- PFCE perfluoroether 15-crown- 5
- PFCE dodecafluoropentane
- perfluoropropane perfluoropropane
- DFB decafluorobutane
- OFP octafluoropropane
- PFC compound selected from the group offers the possibility of being used with limited toxicity, given the chemical and biological stability of the carbon-fluorine bond and the absence of metabolism.
- perfluorocarbons in the body - no enzyme system capable of metabolizing PFCs has been known to date.
- the emulsion according to one or more embodiments offers the possibility of depositing lower energies before and after the focal point and lower ultrasonic frequencies than those commonly used in HIFU ablation surgery.
- the depth of ultrasonic penetration in the body being inversely proportional to the frequency, targets deeply anchored in the body to be treated can thus be reached.
- the heating of the tissue to be treated can be focused on this tissue, without pre-focal or post-focal heating.
- the localized thermal deposit of the ultrasound wave can be increased, which makes it possible to decrease the time required for the removal of tumors, and to reduce the risks of safety for the patient, by ensuring the protection of healthy tissues in the near and far field of the ultrasonic wave, while using lower energy than in the ultrasonic ablation of the prior art.
- the use comprises the transmission of a focused ultrasound beam applied to a target tissue for ablation surgery.
- the focused ultrasound beam is applied to at least one area of the target tissue, said at least one area comprising focal points of the ultrasound beam.
- the transmission of the ultrasonic beam to a tissue to be eradicated can for example be carried out in one or more zones of the tissue, said zones being able to be insonified repeatedly.
- the term "zone” means a circle with a diameter of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, for example between 2 mm and 6 mm, and comprising several focal points of the ultrasonic beam, for example from 1 to 100 points, said focal points being spaced apart from each other in a regular manner and so as to form said circle delimiting the area.
- the at least one zone can thus be insonified by the ultrasonic beam in pulsed mode and applied to this zone for a predetermined duration of deaffication.
- the recording of a zone can for example be carried out over a period of between 0 and 100 s, for example between 20 and 40 s.
- the predetermined insonification duration of each point of the at least one zone can be regular, that is to say equal for each point, and between 50 and 100 ms, for example between 70 and 90 ms.
- These insonifications can be applied at the same point with a duty cycle of between 3% and 100% (continuous mode), for example between 70% and 90%.
- the energy activation threshold of the droplets increases in proportion to the frequency used, over a frequency range ranging, for example, from 0.5 MHz at 2 MHz.
- a duty cycle corresponding to the insonification of a point in the zone over the total duration of the insonification of the zone, which can for example be between 0 and 100% , for example between 1 and 10%.
- This duty cycle is directly correlated to the number of points counted in an area when the duration of disinsertion is equal at each point.
- the inventors have observed that in the presence of an emulsion according to the present description, the repetition of pulses at the same focal point generates a minimal loss of thermal deposition on a model tissue, for example of approximately 5%.
- the use comprises the transmission of a focused ultrasonic beam having a frequency between 500 kHz and 2 MHz, for example between 600 kHz and 1.50 MHz.
- the frequency used can for example be between 600 kHz and 1.20 MHz.
- the ultrasonic beam transmitted to an area of the tissue to be treated in ablation surgery has an intensity of between 0.05 W / cm 2 and 10,000 W / cm 2 .
- the intensity of the ultrasonic beam applied to an area of the tissue can be between 500 W / cm 2 and 1000 W / cm 2 , for example between 650 W / cm 2 and 850 W / cm 2 .
- the use of the emulsion in ultrasound ablation surgery includes the transmission of an ultrasound beam applied to highly vascularized organs.
- the droplet emulsions according to one or more embodiments are distinguished by a larger droplet size than the commonly used droplet emulsions, for which the d 4.3 is less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the emulsions according to one or more embodiments are more valuable in ablation surgery of highly perfused tumors, for which the desired thermocoagulation is complicated by a heat dissipating effect.
- the organs targeted by ultrasound ablation surgery involving an example of an emulsion according to the present description can be selected from the group comprising the liver, spleen, kidneys, prostate, breasts, pancreas.
- the use includes monitoring by MRI or by ultrasound of the emulsion in ultrasound ablation surgery, in order to guide the treatment.
- the description relates to a process for manufacturing the emulsion as defined by one or more of the embodiments indicated above, the process comprising:
- the mixture can be cooled to a temperature approximately equal to 0 ° C., for example using an ice bath.
- homogenization includes the use of a homogenization apparatus. This device has proven to be superior in comparison with processes involving higher energies, and using for example a “bioblock scientific vibracell 75043, l3-mm diameter sonotrode” device. The inventors have in fact found that this type of process leads to the undesirable formation of bimodal populations of droplets, of both nanometric and micrometric orders.
- FIG. 1 is a representation of a molecular structure of a first and a second example of amphiphilic compounds which can be used in emulsions according to embodiments of the present description.
- FIG. 2 shows an MRI image of 19 F of a model tissue treated with emulsions according to embodiments according to the present description.
- FIG. 3 shows a front view of a superimposition between MRI image of a model tissue loaded with emulsions according to embodiments of the present description, and a temperature map obtained by thermometry during the exposure of the model tissue to an ultrasonic beam, for different volume concentrations of emulsions (a) (b) (c); that is, respectively 0% v / v, 0.1% v / v, 0.5% v / v.
- FIG. 4 shows the differences in heating factor measured on model fabrics loaded with emulsions according to embodiments of the present description, at different volume concentrations and at two different duty cycles. The cases a) 0.1% v / v and 0% v / v; b) 0.5% v / v and 0.1% v / v are shown.
- FIG. 5 shows the differences in increased thermal deposition recorded with respect to a control model tissue (without emulsion), for two different volume concentrations of emulsions according to embodiments of the present description, and at two different duty cycles.
- FIG. 6 shows the evolution of the temperature in model tissues loaded with emulsions according to embodiments of the present description at different volume concentrations of emulsions during the exposure of the model tissue to an ultrasonic beam.
- FIG. 7 shows the impact of repeated exposure to ultrasonic beams on the increase in temperature of the model tissue.
- FIG. 8 shows a sagittal view of a superimposition between the MRI image of a model tissue loaded in emulsion according to an embodiment of the present description, at a volume concentration of 0.5% v / v, and exposed to a beam ultrasound, and the temperature map determined by thermometry.
- Emulsions 1-6 involve exemplary amphiphilic compounds, of the F-TAC type, an example of a perfluorocarbon compound, namely perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), as well as an example of a second phase, namely water.
- Emulsion 2 used as an example of an emulsion for use as an improving agent according to the present description, was introduced into tissues modeling target tissues in ultrasonic ablation surgery. The results of the exposure of the model tissues loaded with emulsion 2 to different volume concentrations are detailed below.
- the description also gives an example of a process for manufacturing emulsions 1-6.
- THAM 0.57 moFL
- a telogen introduced with a molar ratio Ro as defined in Table 1 below
- F AIBN 0.5 equivalent molar relative to the telogen
- Example of a process for manufacturing emulsions 1-6 Exemplary emulsions 1-6, comprising the F-TACs of Table 1 as well as an example of a PFC compound, namely PFOB, as well as an example of second phase , namely water, can be formed according to the general protocol below. The characteristics of these 1-6 emulsions, such as to * , 3 or the F-TAC used, are grouped in Table 2. Emulsions 1-6 are prepared with a Polytron® System PT 3100 homogenizer from the Kinematica brand.
- a droplet emulsion including PFOB and a 10% v / v F-TAC the inventors proceeded as follows: 835 mg (12.8 mg / ml of emulsion) of F-TAC surfactant are dissolved in 58, 5 ml of distilled water using an ultrasonic bath. 6.5 ml of PFOB are then added; the resulting mixture is cooled using an ice bath and the emulsion manufacturing process is then launched three times 15 minutes using the Polytron® System PT 3100 at 22500 RPM, waiting 30 minutes between each cycle to observe the total disappearance of foam. The emulsion is then stored at 4 ° C and diluted to the desired concentration before being used in ultrasound ablation surgery.
- the volume fraction of PFC for each emulsion 1-6 was evaluated after each preparation, using a known methodology based on 19 F NMR [Astafyeva, K. et al., 2015, “Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets stabilized by fluorinated surfactants: characterization and potentiality as theranostic agents ”J. Mater. Chem. B, 3, 2892-2907]
- the method was modified in order to obtain a completely homogeneous solution containing both the PFC compound and water.
- a mixture containing methanol and diethyl ether (50/50, v / v) was used for this purpose, in order to allow complete solubilization of the PFC compound.
- the size, as well as the size distribution among a population of droplets of each emulsion 1-6, are evaluated by a Mastersizer 2000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Malvern Instruments, Orsay, France) equipped with a Hydro2000S as 'sample dispersion unit (A), using a dynamic light scattering instrument.
- the refractive indices used for the PFOB and the dispersant (water) are 1.305 and 1.333 respectively.
- a variable number of drops of emulsion is added to the sample dispersion unit (stirring 500 RPM) and the mean diameter d 4.3 by volume-weight (mean diameter of De Brouckère) is determined by Mie's theory.
- Table 2 Size and polydispersity of the droplets of emulsions 1-6
- Emulsion 2 comprising PFOB as the first phase, water as the second phase and the biocompatible amphiphilic compound F 6 TAC 7 , was used as an exemplary emulsion for use as an enhancer. ultrasonic ablation surgery.
- emulsion 2 The examples of use of emulsion 2 were carried out on model tissues mimicking the acoustic properties of living soft tissues.
- the model tissues were loaded uniformly with emulsion 2, used at different volume concentrations and exposed to ultrasonic beams.
- the rise in temperature of the model tissues exposed to ultrasonic beams could be verified and compared with a control tissue containing no emulsion 2.
- the rise in temperature through the model tissues was measured in real time, by thermometry at PRSF magnetic resonance (for “proton resonance shift ffequency”). This method makes it possible to obtain a precise return of the temperature map to the focal point with a high number of images per second, and with a millimeter resolution.
- MRI imaging of 19 F confirmed that the droplets of emulsion 2 were uniformly distributed through the model tissue for the two volume concentrations tested, as well as the absence of air bubbles (see FIG. 2).
- the composition of the agar gel used as a model tissue is detailed in Table 3. It has in particular been adapted to the need to make it compatible with thermometric measurements, based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Table 3: Composition of the first model fabric
- the model fabric loaded with droplets has the same composition as the first model fabric described above, with the difference that the volume of emulsion introduced into the preparation replaces the same volume of water to arrive at a constant volume of final gel. .
- FIG. 3 shows the superimposition of an MRI image of a model tissue and the temperature map at different volume concentrations: 0.0% v / v, 0.1% v / v and 0.5% v / v.
- FIG. 3 makes it possible to observe that the surface affected by the thermal deposition is greater for the model tissue loaded with emulsion 2 than for the control model tissue (without emulsion 2), and that this surface increases with the volume concentration in droplets of PFOB emulsion 2.
- the ultrasound beam is transmitted to an area of the target tissue for the ultrasound shot.
- the area is delimited by 16 points at which the ultrasonic beam is applied, all 16 points forming a circle 4 mm in diameter.
- the soundproofing of this zone lasts 1, 65s and covers the insonification of each point.
- Each point is insonified in pulsed mode over a period of 100 ms with a duty cycle of 70% or 90%.
- the discrepancy of the 16 points, corresponding to a complete turn of the circle, is repeated 20 times per shot, resulting in a total shooting time of 33s.
- the ultrasonic beam has a frequency centered around 1 MHz and the acoustic power has been adjusted to 94 W over the total ultrasonic irradiation time, which corresponds to an intensity of 748 W / cm 2 of the ultrasonic beam applied to the area.
- Two cyclic ratios were tested, 70% and 90%, corresponding to pulse durations of 70 ms and 90 ms, respectively, over the 100 ms interval of insonification allocated to each point in the zone, per full revolution of circle.
- the differential heating factor accounts for each measurement of the increase in temperature with respect to the control model fabric per unit of energy delivered (in kJ), and is calculated according to Formula 2, according to the factors of respective heating of each gel (loaded or not in droplets), calculated according to Formula 1:
- Heating factor [(temperature increase in ° C) ⁇ ((total disinsertion time in seconds)) x (Power in Watts))]
- the differential heating factor measurements in the model tissues loaded uniformly with emulsion 2 according to the present description have shown that the relationship between the volume concentration of emulsion 2 and the heat generation induced by the exposure of the model tissue to a ultrasonic beam is not linear.
- FIG. 4 clearly shows that the maximum increase in heating factor is for low volume concentrations, between 0% v / v and 0.1% v / v.
- the temperature increases continuously as long as the disinsification continues, but as soon as it is stopped, the temperature begins to decrease, as illustrated in FIG. 6. This is the proof of a possibility of additional control in ultrasound ablation surgery, provided by the emulsion according to this description.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the fact that, unlike the results of other research teams which observe a loss in the thermal yield of the droplets under exposure to ultrasonic beams, the experimental results have demonstrated the possibility of repeating the exposure to ultrasonic beams with a minimum loss of 5% in temperature gain. This behavior of the droplets confirms, if the vaporization takes place, that the liquid to gas transition is reversible once the ultrasonic irradiation is stopped.
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1855237A FR3082422B1 (fr) | 2018-06-14 | 2018-06-14 | Emulsion pour la chirurgie d'ablation ultrasonore |
| PCT/EP2019/065757 WO2019238956A1 (fr) | 2018-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Emulsion pour la chirurgie d'ablation ultrasonore |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3806825A1 true EP3806825A1 (fr) | 2021-04-21 |
Family
ID=63896278
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19735493.9A Pending EP3806825A1 (fr) | 2018-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Emulsion pour la chirurgie d'ablation ultrasonore |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US12251451B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3806825A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3082422B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019238956A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4241763A1 (fr) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-09-13 | Avignon Université | Émulsion pour l'ouverture transitoire non invasive de la barrière hémato-encéphalique et la libération contrôlée de médicaments dans le cerveau |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6360943A (ja) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-03-17 | Green Cross Corp:The | 超音波診断造影剤 |
| US5733526A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 1998-03-31 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Hydrocarbon oil/fluorochemical preparations and methods of use |
| DE602004029010D1 (de) * | 2003-02-04 | 2010-10-21 | Bracco Suisse Sa | Ultraschall kontrastmittel und verfahren zur erstellung |
| CN100574809C (zh) * | 2005-01-10 | 2009-12-30 | 重庆海扶(Hifu)技术有限公司 | 一种高强度聚焦超声治疗用氟碳乳剂类助剂及其应用 |
| EP3095806A1 (fr) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-23 | Universite D'Avignon et Des Pays Du Vaucluse | Dendri-tac et leur utilisation comme théranostiques |
| US20180185485A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2018-07-05 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit | Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhancing HIFU-Induced Ablation |
-
2018
- 2018-06-14 FR FR1855237A patent/FR3082422B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-06-14 EP EP19735493.9A patent/EP3806825A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-06-14 US US17/252,100 patent/US12251451B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-14 WO PCT/EP2019/065757 patent/WO2019238956A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-02-12 US US19/051,906 patent/US20250213733A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210252172A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
| US20250213733A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| WO2019238956A1 (fr) | 2019-12-19 |
| FR3082422B1 (fr) | 2021-01-22 |
| FR3082422A1 (fr) | 2019-12-20 |
| US12251451B2 (en) | 2025-03-18 |
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