EP3803222A1

EP3803222A1 - Method for ventilating a building and/or extracting smoke from a building, and fan attachment for optimising the mixture ventilation

Info

Publication number: EP3803222A1
Application number: EP19731895.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Felix Müller
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-06-11
Filing date: 2019-06-11
Publication date: 2021-04-14
Also published as: WO2019238624A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for ventilating a building and/or extracting smoke from a building using at least one supply air opening (1) and at least one exhaust air opening (2), wherein a free ventilation channel (3) is located between the supply air opening and the exhaust air opening so that an air flow can be formed between the supply air opening and the exhaust air opening. The invention is characterised in that: at least one first fan (L1), which is positioned inside the building at a distance a of at most 4 metres from the supply air opening and the fan jet of which forms an angle α of between 30° and 60° with respect to the base surface of the building, conveys fresh air entering from the outside through the supply air opening under the roof structure; at least one second fan (L2), which is positioned inside the building at a distance b of 2 to 6 metres from the exhaust air opening and the fan jet of which forms an angle ß of not more than 30° with respect to the base surface of the building, conveys air and/or smoke out of the building through the exhaust air opening to the outside; and at least one third fan (L3), which is positioned inside the building between the first fan (L1) and the second fan (L2) at a distance c of 2 to 6 metres from the second fan (L2) and the fan jet of which forms an angle γ of not more than 30° with respect to the base surface of the building, conveys air and/or smoke from the building to the second fan. The present invention also relates to an attachment for a fan comprising a circular cylindrical slip-on body (4) having a diameter d and a width e, and comprising a circular conical air body (5) connected to the slip-on body and having a diameter f and a surface line g, wherein the air body (5) is closed on the side facing away from the slip-on body (4) by a circular outlet surface having a diameter f, and wherein the outlet surface has a plurality of circular openings having a diameter h.

Description

Process for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a building

and fan attachment to optimize the mix ventilation

The present invention relates to a method for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a building and to a fan attachment for optimizing the mixture ventilation.

As a result of damage fires, a large amount of fire smoke arises, which is both harmful to the human organism and to the structure of the fire object. After the fire fighting of damage fires, it is also the task of fire brigades to clear the affected buildings of fire smoke. Mobile fans, either with a hydraulic drive, with an electric or internal combustion engine, are used to create a flow in the building. The fan is positioned outside the object at a defined opening, the supply air opening, and blows fresh air into the object. The fire smoke is accelerated to another opening, the so-called exhaust air opening, and conveyed out of the building. This process is known as pressure ventilation and forms the basis for the standard tactical approach of fire brigades.

In the case of large-volume objects, such as warehouses, however, very large air volumes must be conveyed in order to achieve effective smoke extraction. Here the portable fans reach their limits with their performance, so that special large fans on their own chassis have to be used.

DE 20 2016 101 527 U1 relates to a system for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a stairwell in a building section with a multiple storey of a building directly adjacent to the stairwell with an elevator car vertically movable therein, the stairwell and the elevator shaft in a common fire section of the building Building. DE 20 2016 101 525 U1 relates to a system for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a separate one, in particular with separate ones located in different elevator levels

Fire sections of a building related elevator shaft that is delimited by vertical shaft walls.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a more efficient method for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a building using mobile fans.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for ventilating and / or extracting smoke from a building with at least one supply air opening (1) and at least one exhaust air opening (2), a free one between the supply air opening (1) and the exhaust air opening (2)

There is a ventilation duct (3) so that an air flow can form between the supply air opening (1) and the exhaust air opening (2), characterized in that at least one first fan (L1) within the building at a distance of a maximum of 4 meters from the supply air opening (1 ) is positioned, and its fan jet forms an angle a between 30 ° and 60 ° to the base of the building, which conveys fresh air entering from outside through the supply air opening (1) under the roof structure; that at least one second fan (L2), which is positioned within the building at a distance b of 2 to 6 meters from the exhaust air opening (2) and whose fan jet forms an angle β of no more than 30 ° to the base of the building, air and / or smoke is conveyed out of the building through the exhaust air opening (2); and that at least one third fan (L3), which is positioned at a distance c of 2 to 6 meters from the second fan (L2) within the building, between the first fan (L1) and second fan (L2), and whose fan jet forms an angle g forms no more than 30 ° to the base of the building, transports air and / or smoke from the building to the second fan (L2).

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the distance a is at most 3 meters, preferably at most 2 meters, particularly preferably at most 1 meter.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the angle a is between 35 ° and 55 °, preferably between 40 ° and 50 °, particularly preferably 45 °.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the distance b is between 2.5 meters and 5.5 meters, preferably between 3 meters and 5 meters, particularly preferably between 3.5 meters and 4.5 meters. In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the angle β is not more than 25 °, preferably not more than 20 °, particularly preferably not more than 15 °.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the distance c is between 2.5 meters and 5.5 meters, preferably between 3 meters and 5 meters, particularly preferably between 3.5 meters and 4.5 meters.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the angle g is not more than 25 °, preferably not more than 20 °, particularly preferably not more than 15 °.

Based on the assumption that in the event of a fire in a warehouse due to the alarm and emergency regulations of the responsible fire department, the presence of at least three fire-fighting vehicles, each with a portable fire engine fan, can be assumed, the inventive method for use with at least three portable fans was developed ,

The idea behind the method according to the invention is the active introduction of fresh air into the thermally prepared smoke gas layers in order to cool them down and to let them sink (so-called mixture ventilation). This is done by positioning a first one

Fire-fighting ventilator (L1) in the interior of the object, for example approximately 3 m away from the supply air opening (1), which, for example, promotes a fresh air flow under the ceiling at an angle of approximately 45 °. The other two available

Fire fighters are used to expel the falling fire smoke on the

Exhaust air opening (2) positioned. The second fan (L2) in this method is positioned, for example, at a distance of approximately 5 m from the exhaust air opening (2) and aligned with the lower half of this opening. As a result, the entire jet up to the exhaust air opening (2)

Mixing of smoke gases at the upper boundary layer of the free jet of the fan is guaranteed. The remaining third fan (L3) is set up, for example, at a further 2 m to 5 m from the second fan (L2), so that it promotes the sinking fire smoke in the depth of the room to the expelling fan (L2).

The distance to be selected between fans two (L2) and three (L3) can be selected based on the depth of the building, but should not be more than 5 m away, otherwise the effect of the air jet from the third to the second fan (L2) increases becomes low. In experiments, the following technical advantages could be demonstrated with the method according to the invention on the basis of measurement results:

The effective volume flow which is generated by the method according to the invention is slightly more than twice as high as in a method which has hitherto been regarded as prior art. The method of mixing ventilation has a positive effect on the temperature reduction under the roof structure within the building. Damage to the supporting structure of the structure in this area due to thermal effects can thus be minimized.

In addition, active pollutant degradation takes place in this area immediately after using the method according to the invention. This allows a real

Damage event Consequential damage caused by deposits of fire by-products can be minimized on the building structure.

The method according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 1. The following list of reference symbols also serves this purpose.

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the invention

Mixing ventilation procedure in side view.

Reference symbol list for FIG. 1

The method according to the invention alone already shows the positive effects described. It was also an object of the present invention to further optimize the method according to the invention.

A fan attachment was designed for this purpose, which is advantageously placed on fan L1. By using the fan attachment, the outlet area is enlarged and the individual jets are expanded in a fan-like manner. In addition, the fan jet in the form of the flow needle is deflected by the attachment at a distance of approximately 1 m. This results in a uniformly high fan at full speed

Volume flow over several individual jets at a lower flow rate.

According to the invention, a 1.5-fold enlargement of the outlet area of the fan can be achieved on the surface of the fan attachment. As a result, the colder fresh air is introduced into the flue gas layer under the building ceiling over a larger area with a constant high volume flow. This leads to more effective cooling and

Flow generation under the roof structure.

The subject of the present invention is thus also an attachment for a fan comprising a circular-cylindrical slip body comprising a circular-cylindrical slip body (4) with a diameter d and a width e and a circular-conical air body (5) with a diameter f and one connected to it

Surface line g, the air body (5) on the side facing away from the everting body (4) being closed off with a circular outlet surface with a diameter f, and wherein the outlet surface has a plurality of circular openings with a diameter h.

In one embodiment of the attachment according to the invention, the diameter d is 500 mm, the width e is 200 mm, the diameter f is 1250 mm, the surface line g is 650 mm and the diameter h is 100 mm. In an alternative embodiment of the article according to the invention, the

Diameter d 580 mm, width e 200 mm, diameter f 1400 mm, surface line g 700 mm and diameter h 120 mm. In further alternative configurations of the article according to the invention under

Use of other fan sizes and the associated adjustment of the

Diameter d results from the design features of the fan attachment, the corresponding other values. The fan attachment is an add-on part for a fire-fighting ventilator, which in appearance resembles a large shower attachment of a watering can. The attachment is made by overturning and fixing the attachment, for example with a tensioning device (6) on the housing of the fan wheel, so that no attachments or conversions have to be made for use on the fire service fan used.

The slip body (4) is made, for example, of a tear-resistant nylon fabric and has a width e of, for example, 200 mm. The radius of the opening is based on the model size for the respective fan size on which the fan attachment is to be used and can be found in the following dimension table. From those there

Dimensions deviating from models for use in connection with other fan sizes result from the design features of the fan attachment.

Size chart

In an advantageous embodiment of the fan attachment according to the invention, a clamping device (6) is mounted on the outside of the everting body (4) at a distance of, for example, 50 mm from the edge. The tensioning device (6) is firmly sewn onto the everting body (4) while the belt is kept movable in its correct position by loops. The strap end is sewn together in several layers, on the one hand as a handle for

Tightening the belt to serve in the installation of the fan attachment according to the invention. On the other hand, it prevents the belt from slipping out of the tensioning device (6).

The air body (5) of the attachment according to the invention is, for example, from a

Made of polyester fabric, which is used in the construction of stunt kites. The opening diameter widens from the everting body (4), for example at a 35 “angle, to the required size of the exit surface. The corresponding dimensions for the respective model can be found in the dimension table. Dimensions deviating from the models there for use in connection with other fan sizes result from the design features of the fan attachment.

In order to prevent the air body (5) from fluttering or collapsing, a fiberglass rod, for example, can be sewn into the air body (5) all around the exit surface. This is elastic and flexible, so that the fan attachment according to the invention can be folded up for storage in a transport bag.

The air outlet openings are arranged on the outlet surface. The radius and the number of openings depend on the size of the model and can be found in the dimension table. Dimensions deviating from the models there for use in connection with other fan sizes result from the design features of the fan attachment according to the invention.

At the level of the curve at which the tensioning device (6) of the tension belt is sewn onto the everting body (4), in a preferred embodiment of the fan

A body loop (7) is attached to the air body (5) on the edge of the outlet surface, which should facilitate the attachment of the fan attachment according to the invention and is intended to hold up the air body (5) when positioning the fan in use.

The fan attachment according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. The following list of reference symbols also serves this purpose.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the invention

Side view of fan attachment. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the invention

Fan attachment in front view.

List of reference symbols for FIGS. 2 and 3

For the transport and the space-saving storage of the fan attachment according to the invention on a fire engine, a circular bag, for example made of nylon fabric, can be provided, which holds the one or two folds

Fan attachment is suitable.

The previous design of the portable fire brigade fans does not provide for a 45 ° angle inclined upwards. Therefore, the fans have to be manually tilted backwards and placed on a support. A tripod can be used as an accessory.

The present invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following experimental data.

Measured values for volume flow, flow direction, temperature and

Pollutant degradation raised. The pollutant degradation was assessed by the

Measurement of C0 ₂ as reference gas. In the following experiments, the times required for the various smoke extraction processes were determined and compared.

The measurement results are explained below using tables and diagrams. Table 1: Flow velocities, effective volume flows and air exchange rates

Figure 4 shows the CC output at the exhaust air opening in parts per million (ppm). Here is the continuous and highly concentrated output of C0 ₂ at

To recognize mixture ventilation. This suggests that with this method, pollutants are actively removed from the object during the ventilation measure.

Figures 5 - 8 show the CO ₂ reduction within the object, measured over different heights in ppm. The diagrams show the measurement results of the C0 ₂ measuring points from 4.2 - 7.0 meters high. In the pressure ventilation process, pollutant degradation takes place passively at this height. This means that there is no immediate degradation via the air jet, but rather via the progressive air change in the object. So this happens with a time delay over the height, especially on the graphs of the

Pressure ventilation with portable fans can be seen. In the case of mixture ventilation, fresh air is actively introduced into the higher flue gas layers by the ceiling fan, which leads to faster pollutant degradation. On the top two

Measuring points do not drop the concentration as quickly as in the lower regions. This is due to the fact that smoke gases are of course also conveyed under the hall ceiling of the property with the fresh air jet. The short dwell time of the pollutants under the hall ceiling, resulting from the constant flow in the ceiling area, is not visible in these diagrams. This means that they are always on the move and therefore no deposit can be expected due to the length of their stay. This is better illustrated by Figures 9 - 13, which show the percentage of pollutant degradation.

Figures 14-23 show the temperature reduction within the object, measured over different heights in degrees Celsius.

FIGS. 24-33 show the temperature reduction within the object, measured over various heights in percent and taking into account the starting temperature TO in the test object before the start of the test. With the percentages, the effect of the ceiling fan is very clear in the diagrams. This results from the active introduction of cold fresh air into the thermally conditioned flue gas layer and the associated cooling.

At this point, it should be noted that in the course of the tests carried out using the mixture ventilation method, the ceiling fan temporarily failed ten minutes after the start of ventilation. The resulting lack of fresh air flow as a cooling medium can be seen in the diagrams with a clear flattening, sometimes even an increase in the graph. This course is therefore not to be regarded as 100% representative of the process.

Claims

claims

1. Method for ventilation and / or smoke extraction of a building with at least one supply air opening (1) and at least one exhaust air opening (2), wherein between

Supply air opening (1) and exhaust air opening (2) there is a free ventilation duct (3), so that an air flow can form between the supply air opening (1) and exhaust air opening (2), characterized in that at least one first fan (L1) inside the building Distance a of at most 4 meters from the supply air opening (1), and whose fan jet forms an angle a between 30 ° and 60 ° to the base of the building, which conveys fresh air entering from outside through the supply air opening (1) under the roof structure; that at least one second fan (L2), which is positioned within the building at a distance b of 2 to 6 meters from the exhaust air opening (2) and whose fan jet forms an angle β of no more than 30 ° to the base of the building, air and / or smoke is conveyed out of the building through the exhaust air opening (2); and that at least one third fan (L3), which is positioned at a distance c of 2 to 6 meters from the second fan (L2) within the building, between the first fan (L1) and second fan (L2), and whose fan jet forms an angle g forms no more than 30 ° to the base of the building, transports air and / or smoke from the building to the second fan (L2)

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan (L1) is provided with an attachment comprising a circular-cylindrical slip body (4) with a diameter d and a width e and a circular-conical air body (5) with a diameter f connected thereto and a surface line g, the air body (5) on the side facing away from the everting body (4) being closed off with a circular exit surface with a diameter f, and wherein the exit surface has a plurality of circular openings with a diameter h.

3. attachment for a fan comprising a circular-cylindrical everting body (4) with a diameter d and a width e and an associated circular-conical air body (5) with a diameter f and a generatrix g, wherein the air body (5) on the by the Foldable body (4) facing away from it is closed with a circular exit surface with a diameter f, and the exit surface has a plurality of circular openings with a diameter h.

4. Attachment according to claim 3, further comprising a clamping device (6) for fixing the attachment to the housing of the fan.

5. Attachment according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the everting body (4) is made of a nylon fabric.

6. Article according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the

Air body (5) is made of a polyester fabric.

7. Attachment according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that a fiberglass rod is sewn all around the exit surface in the air body (5).

8. Article according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the

Air body (5) has a handle loop (7) on the edge of the exit surface.

9. Use of an attachment according to one of claims 3 to 8 for ventilation

and / or smoke extraction from a building with at least one supply air opening (1) and at least one exhaust air opening (2), there being a free ventilation duct (3) between the supply air opening and the exhaust air opening so that an air flow can form between the supply air opening and the exhaust air opening.

10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one first fan (L1) is positioned within the building at a distance a of at most 4 meters from the supply air opening, and its fan jet an angle a between 30 ° and 60 ° to the base of the Forms from the outside through the

Fresh air entering the air intake is conveyed under the roof structure; at least one second fan (L2), which is positioned within the building at a distance b of 2 to 6 meters from the exhaust air opening, and whose fan jet forms an angle β of no more than 30 ° to the base of the building, air and / or smoke transported out of the building through the exhaust vent; and at least one third fan (L3), which is positioned at a distance c of 2 to 6 meters from the second fan inside the building, between the first and second fans, and whose fan jet has an angle g of no more than 30 ° to the base of the building forms, air and / or smoke is transported from the building to the second fan.