EP3803115B1 - Cylinder block comprising piston-holding means - Google Patents

Cylinder block comprising piston-holding means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3803115B1
EP3803115B1 EP19742842.8A EP19742842A EP3803115B1 EP 3803115 B1 EP3803115 B1 EP 3803115B1 EP 19742842 A EP19742842 A EP 19742842A EP 3803115 B1 EP3803115 B1 EP 3803115B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder block
holding element
piston
holding
assembly according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19742842.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3803115A1 (en
Inventor
Julien Viard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Poclain Hydraulics Industrie
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Poclain Hydraulics Industrie
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Publication of EP3803115A1 publication Critical patent/EP3803115A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0403—Details, component parts specially adapted of such engines
    • F03C1/0419—Arrangements for pressing or connecting the pistons against the actuated cam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/0404—Details or component parts
    • F04B1/0439—Supporting or guiding means for the pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0403—Details, component parts specially adapted of such engines
    • F03C1/0409—Cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/04—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F03C1/0403—Details, component parts specially adapted of such engines
    • F03C1/0428—Supporting and guiding means for the pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/22—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder
    • F03C1/24—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders
    • F03C1/2407—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with movable cylinders or cylinder in which the liquid exclusively displaces one or more pistons reciprocating in rotary cylinders having cylinders in star or fan arrangement, the connection of the pistons with an actuated element being at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/04—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement
    • F04B1/10—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary
    • F04B1/107—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary with actuating or actuated elements at the outer ends of the cylinders
    • F04B1/1071—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders in star- or fan-arrangement the cylinders being movable, e.g. rotary with actuating or actuated elements at the outer ends of the cylinders with rotary cylinder blocks

Definitions

  • This presentation concerns hydraulic machines, and more specifically cylinder blocks of hydraulic machines.
  • Hydraulic machines with radial pistons comprise a plurality of pistons arranged in housings of a cylinder block, arranged radially around a central axis, so as to slide according to the relative rotation of the cylinder block with respect to a multi-lobe cam.
  • the pistons must however be maintained in a given orientation within their housings, in order to ensure good contact with the multi-lobe cam.
  • the document FR2727471 presents such a solution.
  • This presentation aims to respond at least partially to these issues.
  • the holding element comprises a body having the shape of an arc of a circle extending around the outer periphery of the cylinder block, and comprises holding sections extending perpendicular to said body, parallel to the axis central and from two ends of the body, said holding sections forming the indexing means of the holding element.
  • the cylinder block comprises holding cavities arranged in the external surface of the cylinder block, into which the holding sections of the holding element are inserted.
  • the holding element then typically comprises a groove extending over its external surface, and in which an elastic element is positioned in said groove, so as to enclose the retaining element around the cylinder block.
  • the holding element is made of plastic material.
  • Each guide portion of the holding element is then typically formed from a material comprising one of molybdenum sulphide, graphite or bronze.
  • the guide portions each define a linear or plane contact with a flat end of the roller of a piston, the contact being respectively along an axis extending radially with respect to the central axis, or along a perpendicular plane to the central axis of the cylinder block.
  • each guide portion is framed by two notches each defining a passage for a part of the body of a piston beyond the holding element in the radial direction with respect to the central axis.
  • each piston has a cylindrical shape of revolution along a piston axis extending radially relative to the central axis, and in which is formed a roller housing defining a cylindrical cavity of revolution along a perpendicular axis. to the piston pin, said roller housing opening onto an end of the piston body with respect to the piston pin, the intersection between the external surface of the piston body and the roller housing defining portions adapted to penetrate in the notches of the holding element during the translational movement of the piston in its housing.
  • the holding element has a radial portion extending radially with respect to the central axis, the radial portion comprising a plurality of reliefs distributed regularly around the central axis.
  • Said elements in relief then each typically comprise a magnetic or ferromagnetic material, typically integrated in the form of a filler distributed in the material forming the elements in relief of the holding element.
  • the holding element is composed of two segments, said two segments forming a ring or a split ring when placed end to end.
  • the holding element is a split ring.
  • the assembly comprises two holding elements extending on either side of the housings of the cylinder block.
  • This presentation also relates to a hydraulic machine with radial pistons comprising an assembly as defined above.
  • the figures 1 to 3 represent several partial views of a cylinder block 10 of a radial piston hydraulic machine.
  • the block cylinders 10 extends around a central axis XX, corresponding to a relative axis of rotation of a rotor and a stator of a hydraulic machine in which the cylinder block 10 is adapted to be mounted.
  • the cylinder block 10 comprises a plurality of housings 12 each extending radially with respect to the central axis X-X, and opening onto the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10. These various housings 12 are each adapted to receive a piston 20, mounted sliding in a radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X and adapted to come into contact with a multilobe cam positioned around the cylinder block 10. The housings 12 are moreover each connected to ducts arranged in the cylinder block, in order to route a fluid into the bottom of each housing.
  • the pistons 20 typically each comprise a body 22 forming a support for a roller 24 adapted to come into contact with the multi-lobe cam.
  • a sliding bearing can be interposed between the body 22 and the roller 24.
  • Such elements are well known and define a radial piston hydraulic machine.
  • the cylinder block 10 as shown further comprises a holding element 30 configured so as to hold the pistons 20, and more specifically so as to ensure the orientation of the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 is held.
  • figure 4 represents a first example of a holding element 30 according to one aspect of the invention, and the figure 2 and 3 represent the cylinder block 10 provided with such holding elements 30.
  • the holding element 30 is typically made of plastic material, typically by injection molding.
  • the holding element 30 can also be made of metallic material, typically machined or molded. For example steel, or copper material for sliding.
  • the holding element 30 as shown has the general shape of a semicircle. It is adapted to be positioned around the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10, in grooves 14 extending over the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10, on either side of the housings 12 with respect to the central axis XX. More generally, the holding element 30 has a body forming a segment of a circle around the central axis XX.
  • the grooves 14 partly overlap the housings 12, so that the holding elements 30 positioned in the grooves are partly positioned in the housings 12.
  • the holding elements 30 each have a plurality of portions of guide 32 having a rectangular parallelepiped section, adapted to come into contact with the pistons 20. More specifically, in the embodiment shown, the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 have flat surfaces 26 at their two ends in the direction defined with respect to the central axis X-X.
  • the guide portions 32 of the holding elements 30 then each having a face extending in a plane perpendicular to the central axis X-X, which then comes from the contact of these flat surfaces 26 of the rollers 24, thus defining a guide by plane contact .
  • the pistons 20 are each slidably mounted in a cylindrical housing 12.
  • the shape of the pistons 20 and the housings 12 allows a translational movement in a radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X of each of the pistons 20 in its housing 12, and also a rotation of the pistons 20 in the housings 12 around an axis of rotation defined by the radial direction of translation of each of the pistons.
  • the flat contact between the pistons 20 (here via the flat surfaces 26 of the rollers 24) and the retaining elements 30 makes it possible to prevent the rotation of the pistons 20 in the housings 12, while retaining the radial translation movement of the pistons 20 in their housing 12.
  • the holding elements 30 are configured so as to limit the travel of the pistons 20 in rotation in their respective housings 12, so as to maintain sufficient alignment between the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 and a multi-lobe cam positioned around the cylinder block 10.
  • the guide portions 32 of the different holding elements can have several geometries and make different types of contact with the pistons 20.
  • each guide portion 32 can define one or more linear contacts or one or more point contacts with the associated piston 20 .
  • the guide portion 32 may thus have one or more ribs extending radially or extending in the extension of the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10 each defining a linear contact with a flat surface of the piston 20, and/or one or more protuberances each defining a point contact with a flat surface of the piston 20.
  • Such contacts between the guide portion 32 and the piston 20 provide zero or greatly reduced displacement in rotation of the piston 20 in its housing 12, which thus makes it possible to obtain an alignment between the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 and a multi-lobe cam. positioned around the cylinder block 10 as indicated above.
  • the displacement in rotation of the piston 20 around an axis extending radially with respect to the central axis X-X is thus less than 10°, or even less than 5°, or even less than 3° , or more precisely less than 1°.
  • the guide portion 32 also comes into contact with the body 22 of the piston 20, more precisely in contact with a portion of the body 22 defining a housing for the roller 24.
  • the guide portion 32 thus performs a stop function for the movement sliding of the piston 20 in its housing 12, and makes it possible to prevent the piston 20 from coming out of its housing 12.
  • This function is particularly advantageous for pistons in which the body 22 maintains the roller 24.
  • the body 22 then typically has two portions extending beyond the median plane of the roller 24 perpendicular to the sliding direction of the piston 20, and the body 22 thus envelops more than half of the outer contour of the rollers 24 (that is to say more than 180°), thus maintaining the rollers 24 in the radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X.
  • the holding element 30 as proposed associated with a cylinder block 10 provided with such pistons 20 makes it possible to propose an assembly that can be easily handled by a user, without risk of the pistons 20 or the rollers 24 falling, and is particularly advantageous for the assembly of a hydraulic machine or as part of the supply of spare parts.
  • the guide portions 32 are typically formed in a material comprising one of molybdenum sulphide, graphite or bronze positioned so as to be in contact with the piston 20. This material is typically injected as a filler into the material in which is formed the holding element 30.
  • the guide portions 32 are typically framed by notches 33.
  • the notches 33 are dimensioned so as to allow the piston 20 to perform a sliding of the desired amplitude without this sliding being prevented by abutment of the body 22 of the piston 20 with the holding element 30. Indeed, in the absence of such notches 33, it would then be necessary to machine the outline of the body 22 of the piston 20 in order to form flats to prevent the holding element 30 does not interfere with the sliding of the piston 20 in its housing 12.
  • the figure 9 schematically illustrates this function, by showing a plurality of pistons 20 in different positions with respect to the holding element 30 (the cylinder block 10 has been deleted from this view for purposes of illustration). As can be seen in this figure, when the piston 20 is in a position corresponding to the maximum planned exit from its housing, portions 23 of the body 22 of the piston 20 extend beyond the retaining element 30, in passing through notches 33.
  • the notches 33 of the retaining element 30 advantageously cooperate with a piston 20 of the type having a cylindrical roller housing, the cylindrical shape of the roller housing of which intersects the peripheral cylindrical surface of the piston 20, thus forming two edges on each side of the piston 20 which each pass partially in the notches 33 during the stroke of the pistons 20 in the cylinder block 10.
  • the notches 33 thus make it possible to considerably simplify the machining operations necessary for the production of the piston 20.
  • the piston body can thus have a generally cylindrical shape of revolution along a piston axis extending radially with respect to the central axis XX.
  • the piston body 24 comprises a roller housing defining a cylindrical through-bore of revolution along an axis perpendicular to the piston pin, and emerging on the outer radial end of the piston body 24.
  • the intersection between the body 23 and the roller housing then defines the portions 23 penetrating into the notches 33 during the translational movement of the pistons 20 in their housings 12.
  • the holding elements 30 In order to ensure that the holding elements 30 are held in position around the cylinder block 10, the latter typically has on its outer radial periphery one or more holding cavities 16 extending from the grooves 14, and in which sections are positioned. 36 of the retaining elements 30 extending from the ends of the retaining element 30.
  • the holding sections 36 typically take the form of sections arranged perpendicular to a main section of the holding element 30, and therefore extending along the direction of the central axis X-X when the holding element 30 is positioned around the cylinder block 10.
  • the holding sections are thus inserted into the holding cavities 16 of the cylinder block 10, and make it possible to ensure that the holding elements 30 are held in position with respect to the cylinder block 10, and in particular to avoid a rotation of the elements of holding 30 around the cylinder block 10. It is in fact understood that the guide portions 32 must be held in position at the level of the housings 12 of the cylinder block 10, which is ensured by the holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 which thus perform a function of indexing the holding element 30 with respect to the cylinder block 10.
  • the holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 are configured so that their engagement requires subjecting the holding element 30 to a tensile force. Several configurations are then possible. Holding member 30 can be held under tensile stress when engaged with holding sections 36 of holding cavities 16; it is thus held in position around the cylinder block 10 by the effect of elasticity. It is possible that the holding element 30 is free, or even with a slight play when it is engaged.
  • the holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 are then configured in such a way that an elastic deformation is necessary in order to engage them, for example by having to pass beyond a lug, the holding element 30 returning then to an unconstrained state.
  • the holding element 30 is subjected to a tensile force tending to lengthen it according to its largest dimension (or its length), that is to say tending to lengthen the dimension of the arc of a circle defined by the holding element 30.
  • the holding element 30 is thus subjected to a tensile force tangential to the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10.
  • Such an elongation of the holding element 30 over its entire length allows a significant elongation of its length, which allows for example to lengthen it to exceed a locking or unlocking notch corresponding to the insertion of its holding sections 36 in the holding cavities 16 of the cylinder block 10. It is then necessary to submit again the holding element 30 to an elastic deformation in order to withdraw it, which ensures its maintenance in operation.
  • Such a tension mounting of the holding element 30 makes it possible in particular to ensure the holding of the holding element 30 despite the force exerted by the pistons 20 during their movement within the housings of the cylinder block 10.
  • the force exerted by the holding element 30 on the pistons 20 is a radial force, that is to say a force perpendicular to the tensile force of the holding element 30 which is a tangential force.
  • a force exerted by the pistons 20 on the holding element 30 will tend to increase the tension of the holding element 30 and thus to improve its hold.
  • an elastic element 40 such as an elastic seal of the O-ring or "o-ring” type, a ring traction spring, or a split elastic ring, for example an external elastic ring around each holding element 30. .
  • the holding elements 30 may include a groove on their radially outer surface to receive and hold the elastic element 40.
  • the groove may or may not be made adjacent to an edge of the holding element 30.
  • a side wall of the groove is defined by a wall of a groove 14 of the cylinder block 10.
  • the elastic element 40 radially covers the element 30 to prevent its expansion in the direction radially outward from the axis central XX. The elastic element 40 thus holds the holding element 30 pressed against the outer radial surface of the cylinder block 10.
  • the figures 2A and 2B are two partial sectional views according to plane AA defined on the picture 2 illustrating the two possible positions described previously.
  • the holding elements 30 can be made in different ways. Two embodiments are thus represented on the figure 4 and 5 .
  • the holding element 30 has the general shape of a semicircle.
  • a ring or a split ring is therefore obtained.
  • Two of these holding elements 30 will thus typically be positioned around a cylinder block 10 on each side of the housings 12 (i.e. a total of 4 holding elements for a cylinder block comprising a single row of pistons) in order to hold the all of the pistons 20 arranged in the housings 12.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for cylinder blocks 10 comprising an even number of pistons.
  • the holding element 30 has the general shape of a split ring. This embodiment may be suitable if the cylinder block 10 comprises an even or odd number of pistons 20. Such a holding element 30 is then typically positioned on each side of the various housings 12 around the cylinder block 10 (i.e. a total of 2 elements support for a cylinder block comprising a single row of pistons).
  • holding elements 30 according to these two embodiments can be combined on the same cylinder block 10, provided that it comprises appropriate holding cavities 16.
  • a cylinder block 10 can thus have a holding element 30 according to the embodiment of the figure 5 on one side of the different housings 12, and two holding elements 30 according to the embodiment of the figure 4 on the other side of the various housings 12.
  • the retaining elements 30 can however also be used for a cylinder block having several rows of pistons 20 and dwellings 12.
  • the holding elements arranged at the two ends of the cylinder block 10 with respect to the direction defined by the central axis XX are arranged as already described with reference to the figures 1 to 3 .
  • the central holding elements 30 are here formed by a single element, and an optional elastic element 40 is positioned in a central groove of this single element.
  • the central holding elements 30 can be formed of two separate elements, each which can then be surrounded by an elastic element 40 as already described above with particular reference to the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the holding cavities and holding sections 36 are here positioned so that each holding element is positioned appropriately
  • the figures 7 and 8 present two views of another embodiment of a holding element 30.
  • the holding element 30 comprises a radial portion 37 extending from an end opposite the guide portions 32, and provided with a plurality of patterns 38 distributed regularly over the entire length of the holding 30.
  • the radial portion 37 has the general shape of a ring or portion of a ring, and thus defines a radial crown.
  • the radial portion 37 is made in such a way that when the retaining element 30 is positioned in a groove of a cylinder block, the radial portion 37 partially covers a face forming one end of the cylinder block 10 in the direction defined by the central axis X-X.
  • the various patterns 38 are thus distributed regularly over the entire periphery of the cylinder block 10, and can be coupled to a sensor in order to perform a tachometer function.
  • the associated sensor can for example be a proximity sensor.
  • the patterns 38 may have a coating such as a magnetic or ferromagnetic coating, and the associated sensor is then a magnetic sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Le présent exposé concerne les machines hydrauliques, et plus précisément bloc cylindres de machines hydrauliques.This presentation concerns hydraulic machines, and more specifically cylinder blocks of hydraulic machines.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Les machines hydrauliques à pistons radiaux comprennent une pluralité de pistons disposés dans des logements d'un bloc cylindres, aménagés radialement autour d'un axe central, de manière à coulisser en fonction de la rotation relative du bloc cylindres par rapport à une came multilobes.Hydraulic machines with radial pistons comprise a plurality of pistons arranged in housings of a cylinder block, arranged radially around a central axis, so as to slide according to the relative rotation of the cylinder block with respect to a multi-lobe cam.

Les pistons doivent cependant être maintenus dans une orientation donnée au sein de leurs logements, afin d'assurer un bon contact avec la came multilobes. A cet effet, il est notamment connu de positionner une agrafe radiale liée d'une part au bloc cylindres, et venant d'autre part se loger dans une rainure aménagée dans les supports des pistons. Le document FR2727471 présente une telle solution.The pistons must however be maintained in a given orientation within their housings, in order to ensure good contact with the multi-lobe cam. To this end, it is in particular known to position a radial clip linked on the one hand to the cylinder block, and on the other hand being housed in a groove arranged in the supports of the pistons. The document FR2727471 presents such a solution.

Bien que satisfaisante dans une majorité de situations, cette solution existante est contraignante en termes de montage, en ce qu'elle nécessite un positionnement individuel de chacune des agrafes sur les pistons, ainsi que la réalisation de composants additionnels et leur positionnement individuel pour servir de support aux agrafes.Although satisfactory in the majority of situations, this existing solution is restrictive in terms of assembly, in that it requires individual positioning of each of the clips on the pistons, as well as the production of additional components and their individual positioning to serve as staple support.

On connait également des montages dans lesquels des éléments de maintien sont positionnés sur la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres afin de réaliser un guidage des pistons, ces éléments de maintien étant alors montés au moyen de boulons ou de rivets afin de réaliser un serrage à plat de l'élément de maintien tendant à les appliquer contre le bloc cylindres. Les documents DE3530979 et FR2504987 présentent cette autre solution.Arrangements are also known in which holding elements are positioned on the outer periphery of the cylinder block in order to guide the pistons, these holding elements then being mounted by means of bolts or rivets in order to achieve a flat clamping of the cylinder block. the holding element tending to apply them against the cylinder block. The documents DE3530979 and FR2504987 present this other solution.

De tels montages présentent des problématiques similaires en ce qu'ils nécessitent des opérations multiples pour l'assemblage de chaque bloc cylindres.Such assemblies present similar problems in that they require multiple operations for the assembly of each cylinder block.

Le présent exposé vise ainsi à répondre au moins partiellement à ces problématiques.This presentation aims to respond at least partially to these issues.

PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTIONPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

A cet effet, le présent exposé concerne un ensemble comprenant :

  • un bloc cylindres présentant une pluralité de logements s'étendant radialement autour d'un axe central, et débouchant sur une périphérie externe du bloc cylindres,
  • une pluralité de pistons, chacun disposé dans un logement du bloc cylindres présentant une section cylindrique de révolution autour d'un axe de piston s'étendant radialement autour de l'axe central, et montés coulissant radialement par rapport à l'axe central, lesdits pistons présentant chacun un corps et un galet adapté pour venir au contact d'une came multilobes, le galet présentant une forme de cylindre de révolution et deux extrémités planes chacune selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe central et définissant des surfaces de guidage,
  • un élément de maintien s'étendant sur tout ou partie de la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres, l'élément de maintien comprenant une pluralité de portions de guidage obturant chacune partiellement un logement du bloc cylindres, de manière à venir au contact d'une extrémité plane du galet d'un piston de manière à effectuer un guidage en translation de chacun des pistons dans leurs logements respectifs,
caractérisé en ce que l'élément de maintien comprend deux moyens d'indexation coopérant avec deux moyens d'indexation du bloc cylindre de manière à maintenir l'élément de maintien soumis à un effort de traction lorsque positionné autour du bloc cylindres.To this end, this presentation concerns a set comprising:
  • a cylinder block having a plurality of housings extending radially around a central axis, and opening onto an outer periphery of the cylinder block,
  • a plurality of pistons, each disposed in a housing of the cylinder block having a cylindrical section of revolution around a piston pin extending radially around the central axis, and mounted to slide radially with respect to the central axis, said pistons each having a body and a roller adapted to come into contact with a multi-lobe cam, the roller having the shape of a cylinder of revolution and two planar ends each along a plane perpendicular to the central axis and defining guide surfaces,
  • a holding element extending over all or part of the outer periphery of the cylinder block, the holding element comprising a plurality of guide portions each partially closing a housing of the cylinder block, so as to come into contact with one end plane of the roller of a piston so as to guide each of the pistons in translation in their respective housings,
characterized in that the retaining element comprises two indexing means cooperating with two indexing means of the cylinder block so as to maintain the retaining element subjected to a tensile force when positioned around the cylinder block.

Selon un exemple, l'élément de maintien comprend un corps présentant une forme d'arc de cercle s'étendant autour de la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres, et comprend des sections de maintien s'étendant perpendiculairement audit corps, parallèles à l'axe central et depuis deux extrémités du corps, lesdites sections de maintien formant les moyens d'indexation de l'élément de maintien.According to one example, the holding element comprises a body having the shape of an arc of a circle extending around the outer periphery of the cylinder block, and comprises holding sections extending perpendicular to said body, parallel to the axis central and from two ends of the body, said holding sections forming the indexing means of the holding element.

En variante, le bloc cylindres comprend des cavités de maintien aménagées à la surface externe du bloc cylindres, dans lesquelles sont insérées les sections de maintien de l'élément de maintien.As a variant, the cylinder block comprises holding cavities arranged in the external surface of the cylinder block, into which the holding sections of the holding element are inserted.

L'élément de maintien comprend alors typiquement une gorge s'étendant sur sa surface externe, et dans lequel un élément élastique est positionné dans ladite gorge, de manière à enserrer l'élément de maintien autour du bloc cylindres.The holding element then typically comprises a groove extending over its external surface, and in which an elastic element is positioned in said groove, so as to enclose the retaining element around the cylinder block.

Selon un exemple, l'élément de maintien est réalisé en matériau plastique.According to one example, the holding element is made of plastic material.

Chaque portion de guidage de l'élément de maintien est alors typiquement formée dans un matériau comprenant un matériau parmi le sulfure de molybdène, le graphite ou le bronze.Each guide portion of the holding element is then typically formed from a material comprising one of molybdenum sulphide, graphite or bronze.

Selon un exemple, les portions de guidage définissent chacune un contact linéaire ou plan avec une extrémité plane du galet d'un piston, le contact étant respectivement selon un axe s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'axe central, ou selon un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe central du bloc cylindres.According to one example, the guide portions each define a linear or plane contact with a flat end of the roller of a piston, the contact being respectively along an axis extending radially with respect to the central axis, or along a perpendicular plane to the central axis of the cylinder block.

Selon un exemple, chaque portion de guidage est encadrée par deux encoches définissant chacune un passage pour une partie du corps d'un piston au-delà de l'élément de maintien selon la direction radiale par rapport à l'axe central.According to one example, each guide portion is framed by two notches each defining a passage for a part of the body of a piston beyond the holding element in the radial direction with respect to the central axis.

En variante, le corps de chaque piston présente une forme cylindrique de révolution selon un axe de piston s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'axe central, et dans laquelle est formé un logement de galet définissant une cavité cylindrique de révolution selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de piston, ledit logement de galet débouchant sur une extrémité du corps de piston par rapport à l'axe de piston, l'intersection entre la surface externe du corps de piston et le logement de galet définissant des portions adaptées pour pénétrer dans les encoches de l'élément de maintien lors du mouvement de translation du piston dans son logement.Alternatively, the body of each piston has a cylindrical shape of revolution along a piston axis extending radially relative to the central axis, and in which is formed a roller housing defining a cylindrical cavity of revolution along a perpendicular axis. to the piston pin, said roller housing opening onto an end of the piston body with respect to the piston pin, the intersection between the external surface of the piston body and the roller housing defining portions adapted to penetrate in the notches of the holding element during the translational movement of the piston in its housing.

Selon un exemple, l'élément de maintien présente une portion radiale s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'axe central, la portion radiale comprenant une pluralité de reliefs répartis régulièrement autour de l'axe central.According to one example, the holding element has a radial portion extending radially with respect to the central axis, the radial portion comprising a plurality of reliefs distributed regularly around the central axis.

Lesdits éléments de reliefs comprennent alors typiquement chacun un matériau magnétique ou ferromagnétique, typiquement intégré sous la forme d'une charge répartie dans la matière formant les éléments de reliefs de l'élément de maintien.Said elements in relief then each typically comprise a magnetic or ferromagnetic material, typically integrated in the form of a filler distributed in the material forming the elements in relief of the holding element.

Selon un exemple, l'élément de maintien est composé de deux segments, lesdits deux segments formant un anneau ou un anneau fendu lorsque mis bout à bout.According to one example, the holding element is composed of two segments, said two segments forming a ring or a split ring when placed end to end.

En variante, l'élément de maintien est un anneau fendu.Alternatively, the holding element is a split ring.

Selon un exemple, l'ensemble comprend deux éléments de maintien s'étendant de part et d'autre des logements du bloc cylindres.According to one example, the assembly comprises two holding elements extending on either side of the housings of the cylinder block.

Le présent exposé concerne également une machine hydraulique à pistons radiaux comprenant un ensemble tel que défini précédemment.This presentation also relates to a hydraulic machine with radial pistons comprising an assembly as defined above.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

L'invention et ses avantages seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description détaillée faite ci-après de différents modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. Cette description fait référence aux pages de figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • les figures 1, 2 et 3 présentent des vues partielles d'un bloc cylindres de machine hydraulique à pistons radiaux muni d'un élément de maintien selon un aspect de l'invention,
  • les figures 2A et 2B sont deus vues partielles en coupe illustrant deux variantes spécifiques,
  • les figures 4 et 5 présentent deux modes de réalisation d'un tel élément de maintien,
  • la figure 6 présente l'application d'un tel élément de maintien pour un autre type de bloc cylindres à deux rangées de pistons,
  • les figures 7 et 8 présentent deux vues d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'élément de maintien,
  • la figure 9 représente les pistons et de éléments de maintien pris isolément.
The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the detailed description given below of various embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples. This description refers to the pages of appended figures, on which:
  • them figures 1, 2 and 3 present partial views of a cylinder block of a hydraulic machine with radial pistons provided with a retaining element according to one aspect of the invention,
  • them figures 2A and 2B are two partial sectional views illustrating two specific variants,
  • them figure 4 and 5 present two embodiments of such a holding element,
  • the figure 6 presents the application of such a holding element for another type of cylinder block with two rows of pistons,
  • them figures 7 and 8 present two views of another embodiment of the holding element,
  • the figure 9 represents the pistons and holding elements taken separately.

Sur l'ensemble des figures, les éléments en commun sont repérés par des références numériques identiques.In all of the figures, the elements in common are identified by identical reference numerals.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF REALIZATION

Les figures 1 à 3 représentent plusieurs vues partielles d'un bloc cylindres 10 de machine hydraulique à pistons radiaux. Le bloc cylindres 10 s'étend autour d'un axe central X-X, correspondant à un axe de rotation relatif d'un rotor et d'un stator de machine hydraulique dans lequel le bloc cylindres 10 est adapté pour être monté.The figures 1 to 3 represent several partial views of a cylinder block 10 of a radial piston hydraulic machine. The block cylinders 10 extends around a central axis XX, corresponding to a relative axis of rotation of a rotor and a stator of a hydraulic machine in which the cylinder block 10 is adapted to be mounted.

Le bloc cylindres 10 comprend une pluralité de logements 12 s'étendant chacun radialement par rapport à l'axe central X-X, et débouchant sur la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres 10. Ces différents logements 12 sont chacun adaptés pour recevoir un piston 20, monté coulissant selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe central X-X et adapté pour venir au contact d'une came multilobes positionnée autour du bloc cylindres 10. Les logements 12 sont par ailleurs chacun reliés à des conduits aménagés dans le bloc cylindres, afin d'acheminer un fluide dans le fond de chaque logement.The cylinder block 10 comprises a plurality of housings 12 each extending radially with respect to the central axis X-X, and opening onto the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10. These various housings 12 are each adapted to receive a piston 20, mounted sliding in a radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X and adapted to come into contact with a multilobe cam positioned around the cylinder block 10. The housings 12 are moreover each connected to ducts arranged in the cylinder block, in order to route a fluid into the bottom of each housing.

Les pistons 20 comprennent typiquement chacun un corps 22 formant un support pour un galet 24 adapté pour venir au contact de la came multilobes. Un coussinet de glissement peut être intercalé entre le corps 22 et le galet 24.The pistons 20 typically each comprise a body 22 forming a support for a roller 24 adapted to come into contact with the multi-lobe cam. A sliding bearing can be interposed between the body 22 and the roller 24.

De tels éléments sont bien connus et définissent une machine hydraulique à pistons radiaux.Such elements are well known and define a radial piston hydraulic machine.

Le bloc cylindres 10 tel que représenté comprend en outre un élément de maintien 30 configuré de manière à réaliser un maintien des pistons 20, et plus précisément de manière à assurer un maintien de l'orientation des galets 24 des pistons 20. La figure 4 représente un premier exemple d'élément de maintien 30 selon un aspect de l'invention, et les figures 2 et 3 représentent le bloc cylindres 10 muni de tels éléments de maintien 30. L'élément de maintien 30 est typiquement réalisé en matériau plastique, typiquement par injection. L'élément de maintien 30 peut être également réalisé en matériau métallique, typiquement usiné ou moulé. Par exemple en acier, ou en matériau cuivreux pour glissement.The cylinder block 10 as shown further comprises a holding element 30 configured so as to hold the pistons 20, and more specifically so as to ensure the orientation of the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 is held. figure 4 represents a first example of a holding element 30 according to one aspect of the invention, and the figure 2 and 3 represent the cylinder block 10 provided with such holding elements 30. The holding element 30 is typically made of plastic material, typically by injection molding. The holding element 30 can also be made of metallic material, typically machined or molded. For example steel, or copper material for sliding.

L'élément de maintien 30 tel que présenté présente une forme générale de demi-cercle. Il est adapté pour être positionné autour de la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres 10, dans des gorges 14 s'étendant sur la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres 10, de part et d'autre des logements 12 par rapport à l'axe central X-X. Plus généralement, l'élément de maintien 30 présente un corps formant un segment de cercle autour de l'axe central X-X.The holding element 30 as shown has the general shape of a semicircle. It is adapted to be positioned around the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10, in grooves 14 extending over the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10, on either side of the housings 12 with respect to the central axis XX. More generally, the holding element 30 has a body forming a segment of a circle around the central axis XX.

Les gorges 14 chevauchent en partie les logements 12, de sorte que les éléments de maintien 30 positionnés dans les gorges soient en partie positionnés dans les logements 12. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les éléments de maintien 30 présentent chacun une pluralité de portions de guidage 32 présentant une section de parallélépipède rectangle, adaptée pour venir au contact des pistons 20. Plus précisément, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les galets 24 des pistons 20 présentent des surfaces planes 26 à leurs deux extrémités selon la direction définie par rapport à l'axe central X-X. Les portions de guidage 32 des éléments de maintien 30 présentant alors chacun une face s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe central X-X, qui vient alors du contact de ces surfaces planes 26 des galets 24, définissant ainsi un guidage par contact plan.The grooves 14 partly overlap the housings 12, so that the holding elements 30 positioned in the grooves are partly positioned in the housings 12. In the embodiment shown, the holding elements 30 each have a plurality of portions of guide 32 having a rectangular parallelepiped section, adapted to come into contact with the pistons 20. More specifically, in the embodiment shown, the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 have flat surfaces 26 at their two ends in the direction defined with respect to the central axis X-X. The guide portions 32 of the holding elements 30 then each having a face extending in a plane perpendicular to the central axis X-X, which then comes from the contact of these flat surfaces 26 of the rollers 24, thus defining a guide by plane contact .

On comprend ainsi que les pistons 20 sont chacun montés coulissant dans un logement 12 cylindrique. La forme des pistons 20 et des logements 12 permet un mouvement de translation selon une direction radiale par rapport à l'axe central X-X de chacun des pistons 20 dans son logement 12, et également une rotation des pistons 20 dans les logements 12 autour d'un axe de rotation défini par la direction radiale de translation de chacun des pistons.It is thus understood that the pistons 20 are each slidably mounted in a cylindrical housing 12. The shape of the pistons 20 and the housings 12 allows a translational movement in a radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X of each of the pistons 20 in its housing 12, and also a rotation of the pistons 20 in the housings 12 around an axis of rotation defined by the radial direction of translation of each of the pistons.

Le contact plan entre les pistons 20 (ici via les surfaces planes 26 des galets 24) et les éléments de maintien 30 permet de prévenir la rotation des pistons 20 dans les logements 12, tout en conservant le mouvement de translation radiale des pistons 20 dans leurs logements 12.The flat contact between the pistons 20 (here via the flat surfaces 26 of the rollers 24) and the retaining elements 30 makes it possible to prevent the rotation of the pistons 20 in the housings 12, while retaining the radial translation movement of the pistons 20 in their housing 12.

De manière plus générale, les éléments de maintien 30 sont configurés de manière à limiter le débattement des pistons 20 en rotation dans leurs logements 12 respectifs, de manière à conserver un alignement suffisant entre les galets 24 des pistons 20 et une came multilobes positionnée autour du bloc cylindres 10.More generally, the holding elements 30 are configured so as to limit the travel of the pistons 20 in rotation in their respective housings 12, so as to maintain sufficient alignment between the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 and a multi-lobe cam positioned around the cylinder block 10.

Les portions de guidage 32 des différents éléments de maintien peuvent présenter plusieurs géométries et réaliser différents types de contact avec les pistons 20.The guide portions 32 of the different holding elements can have several geometries and make different types of contact with the pistons 20.

L'exemple décrit précédemment en référence aux figures présente ainsi un contact entre deux surfaces planes.The example described above with reference to the figures thus presents a contact between two flat surfaces.

En variante, chaque portion de guidage 32 peut définir un ou plusieurs contacts linéaires ou un ou plusieurs contacts ponctuels avec le piston 20 associé.As a variant, each guide portion 32 can define one or more linear contacts or one or more point contacts with the associated piston 20 .

La portion de guidage 32 peut ainsi présenter une ou plusieurs nervures s'étendant radialement ou s'étendant dans le prolongement de la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres 10 définissant chacune un contact linéaire avec une surface plane du piston 20, et/ou une ou plusieurs protubérances définissant chacune un contact ponctuel avec une surface plane du piston 20.The guide portion 32 may thus have one or more ribs extending radially or extending in the extension of the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10 each defining a linear contact with a flat surface of the piston 20, and/or one or more protuberances each defining a point contact with a flat surface of the piston 20.

De tels contacts entre la portion de guidage 32 et le piston 20 assurent un débattement en rotation du piston 20 dans son logement 12 nul ou fortement réduit, ce qui permet ainsi d'obtenir un alignement entre les galets 24 des pistons 20 et une came multilobes positionnée autour du bloc cylindres 10 comme indiqué précédemment. A titre d'exemple, le débattement en rotation du piston 20 autour d'un axe s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'axe central X-X est ainsi inférieur à 10°, ou encore inférieur à 5°, ou encore inférieur à 3°, ou plus précisément inférieur à 1°.Such contacts between the guide portion 32 and the piston 20 provide zero or greatly reduced displacement in rotation of the piston 20 in its housing 12, which thus makes it possible to obtain an alignment between the rollers 24 of the pistons 20 and a multi-lobe cam. positioned around the cylinder block 10 as indicated above. By way of example, the displacement in rotation of the piston 20 around an axis extending radially with respect to the central axis X-X is thus less than 10°, or even less than 5°, or even less than 3° , or more precisely less than 1°.

La portion de guidage 32 réalise vient également au contact du corps 22 du piston 20, plus précisément au contact d'une portion du corps 22 définissant un logement pour le galet 24. La portion de guidage 32 réalise ainsi une fonction de butée pour le mouvement de coulissement du piston 20 dans son logement 12, et permet d'empêcher une sortie du piston 20 de son logement 12.The guide portion 32 also comes into contact with the body 22 of the piston 20, more precisely in contact with a portion of the body 22 defining a housing for the roller 24. The guide portion 32 thus performs a stop function for the movement sliding of the piston 20 in its housing 12, and makes it possible to prevent the piston 20 from coming out of its housing 12.

Cette fonction est particulièrement avantageuse pour les pistons dans lesquels le corps 22 réalise un maintien du galet 24. Le corps 22 présente alors typiquement deux portions s'étendant au-delà du plan médian du galet 24 perpendiculaire à la direction de coulissement du piston 20, et le corps 22 enveloppe ainsi plus de la moitié du contour externe des galets 24 (c'est-à-dire plus de 180°), réalisant ainsi un maintien des galets 24 selon la direction radiale par rapport à l'axe central X-X.This function is particularly advantageous for pistons in which the body 22 maintains the roller 24. The body 22 then typically has two portions extending beyond the median plane of the roller 24 perpendicular to the sliding direction of the piston 20, and the body 22 thus envelops more than half of the outer contour of the rollers 24 (that is to say more than 180°), thus maintaining the rollers 24 in the radial direction with respect to the central axis X-X.

L'élément de maintien 30 tel que proposé associé un bloc cylindres 10 muni de tels pistons 20 permet de proposer un ensemble pouvant être manipulé facilement par un utilisateur, sans risque de chute des pistons 20 ou des galets 24, et est notamment avantageux pour l'assemblage d'une machine hydraulique ou dans le cadre de la fourniture de pièces détachées.The holding element 30 as proposed associated with a cylinder block 10 provided with such pistons 20 makes it possible to propose an assembly that can be easily handled by a user, without risk of the pistons 20 or the rollers 24 falling, and is particularly advantageous for the assembly of a hydraulic machine or as part of the supply of spare parts.

Les portions de guidage 32 sont typiquement formées dans un matériau comprenant un matériau parmi le sulfure de molybdène, le graphite ou le bronze positionné de manière à être au contact du piston 20. Ce matériau est typiquement injecté en tant que charge dans le matériau dans lequel est formé l'élément de maintien 30.The guide portions 32 are typically formed in a material comprising one of molybdenum sulphide, graphite or bronze positioned so as to be in contact with the piston 20. This material is typically injected as a filler into the material in which is formed the holding element 30.

Les portions de guidage 32 sont typiquement encadrées par des encoches 33. Les encoches 33 sont dimensionnées de manière à permettre au piston 20 d'effectuer un coulissement d'amplitude souhaitée sans que ce coulissement ne soit empêché par une venue en butée du corps 22 du piston 20 avec l'élément de maintien 30. En effet, en l'absence de telles encoches 33, il serait alors nécessaire d'usiner le contour du corps 22 du piston 20 afin de former des méplats pour éviter que l'élément de maintien 30 n'interfère avec le coulissement du piston 20 dans son logement 12. La figure 9 illustre schématiquement cette fonction, en représentant une pluralité de pistons 20 dans différentes positions par rapport à l'élément de maintien 30 (le bloc cylindres 10 a été supprimé de cette vue à des fins d'illustration). Comme on le voit sur cette figure, lorsque le piston 20 est dans une position correspondant à la sortie maximale prévue de son logement, des portions 23 du corps 22 du piston 20 s'étendent au-delà de l'élément de maintien 30, en passant par les encoches 33.The guide portions 32 are typically framed by notches 33. The notches 33 are dimensioned so as to allow the piston 20 to perform a sliding of the desired amplitude without this sliding being prevented by abutment of the body 22 of the piston 20 with the holding element 30. Indeed, in the absence of such notches 33, it would then be necessary to machine the outline of the body 22 of the piston 20 in order to form flats to prevent the holding element 30 does not interfere with the sliding of the piston 20 in its housing 12. The figure 9 schematically illustrates this function, by showing a plurality of pistons 20 in different positions with respect to the holding element 30 (the cylinder block 10 has been deleted from this view for purposes of illustration). As can be seen in this figure, when the piston 20 is in a position corresponding to the maximum planned exit from its housing, portions 23 of the body 22 of the piston 20 extend beyond the retaining element 30, in passing through notches 33.

Les encoches 33 de l'élément de maintien 30 coopèrent avantageusement avec un piston 20 du type présentant un logement de galet cylindrique dont la forme cylindrique de logement de galet intersecte la surface cylindrique périphérique du piston 20, en formant ainsi deux arrêtes de chaque côté du piston 20 qui passent chacune partiellement dans les encoches 33 lors de la course des pistons 20 dans le bloc cylindre 10. Les encoches 33 permettent ainsi de simplifier considérablement les opérations d'usinage nécessaires pour la réalisation du piston 20. A titre d'exemple, le corps de piston peut ainsi présenter une forme générale cylindrique de révolution selon un axe de piston s'étendant radialement par rapport à l'axe central X-X. Le corps de piston 24 comprend un logement de galet définissant un perçage traversant cylindrique de révolution selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de piston, et débouchant sur l'extrémité radiale externe du corps de piston 24. L'intersection entre le corps 23 et le logement de galet définit alors les portions 23 pénétrant dans les encoches 33 lors du mouvement de translation des pistons 20 dans leurs logements 12.The notches 33 of the retaining element 30 advantageously cooperate with a piston 20 of the type having a cylindrical roller housing, the cylindrical shape of the roller housing of which intersects the peripheral cylindrical surface of the piston 20, thus forming two edges on each side of the piston 20 which each pass partially in the notches 33 during the stroke of the pistons 20 in the cylinder block 10. The notches 33 thus make it possible to considerably simplify the machining operations necessary for the production of the piston 20. By way of example, the piston body can thus have a generally cylindrical shape of revolution along a piston axis extending radially with respect to the central axis XX. The piston body 24 comprises a roller housing defining a cylindrical through-bore of revolution along an axis perpendicular to the piston pin, and emerging on the outer radial end of the piston body 24. The intersection between the body 23 and the roller housing then defines the portions 23 penetrating into the notches 33 during the translational movement of the pistons 20 in their housings 12.

Afin d'assurer un maintien en position des éléments de maintien 30 autour du bloc cylindres 10, ce dernier présente typiquement sur sa périphérie radiale externe une ou plusieurs cavités de maintien 16 s'étendant depuis les gorges 14, et dans lesquelles sont positionnées des sections de maintien 36 des éléments de maintien 30 s'étendant depuis les extrémités de l'élément de maintien 30.In order to ensure that the holding elements 30 are held in position around the cylinder block 10, the latter typically has on its outer radial periphery one or more holding cavities 16 extending from the grooves 14, and in which sections are positioned. 36 of the retaining elements 30 extending from the ends of the retaining element 30.

Les sections de maintien 36 présentent typiquement la forme de sections disposées perpendiculairement par rapport à une section principale de l'élément de maintien 30, et s'étendant donc selon la direction de l'axe central X-X lorsque l'élément de maintien 30 est positionné autour du bloc cylindres 10.The holding sections 36 typically take the form of sections arranged perpendicular to a main section of the holding element 30, and therefore extending along the direction of the central axis X-X when the holding element 30 is positioned around the cylinder block 10.

Les sections de maintien sont ainsi insérées dans les cavités de maintien 16 du bloc cylindres 10, et permettent d'assurer un maintien en position des éléments de maintien 30 par rapport au bloc cylindres 10, et en particulier d'éviter une rotation des éléments de maintien 30 autour du bloc cylindres 10. On comprend en effet que les portions de guidage 32 doivent être maintenues en position au niveau des logements 12 du bloc cylindres 10, ce que permettent d'assurer les sections de maintien 36 et les cavités de maintien 16 qui réalisent ainsi une fonction d'indexation de l'élément de maintien 30 par rapport au bloc cylindres 10.The holding sections are thus inserted into the holding cavities 16 of the cylinder block 10, and make it possible to ensure that the holding elements 30 are held in position with respect to the cylinder block 10, and in particular to avoid a rotation of the elements of holding 30 around the cylinder block 10. It is in fact understood that the guide portions 32 must be held in position at the level of the housings 12 of the cylinder block 10, which is ensured by the holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 which thus perform a function of indexing the holding element 30 with respect to the cylinder block 10.

Les sections de maintien 36 et les cavités de maintien 16 sont configurées de manière à ce que leur engagement nécessite de soumettre l'élément de maintien 30 à un effort de traction. Plusieurs configurations sont alors possibles. L'élément de maintien 30 peut être maintenu sous un effort de traction lorsque engagé avec les sections de maintien 36 des cavités de maintien 16 ; il est ainsi maintenu en position autour du bloc cylindres 10 par effet d'élasticité. Il est possible que l'élément de maintien 30 soit libre, ou même avec un léger jeu lorsqu'il est engagé. Les sections de maintien 36 et les cavités de maintien 16 sont alors configurées de manière à ce qu'une déformation élastique soit nécessaire afin de les engager, par exemple en devant passer au-delà d'un ergot, l'élément de maintien 30 revenant ensuite à un état non contraint. Plus précisément, l'élément de maintien 30 est soumis à un effort de traction tendant à l'allonger selon sa plus grande dimension (ou sa longueur), c'est-à-dire tendant à allonger la dimension de l'arc de cercle défini par l'élément de maintien 30. L'élément de maintien 30 est ainsi soumis à un effort de tension tangentiel à la périphérie externe du bloc cylindres 10. Un tel allongement de l'élément de maintien 30 sur toute sa longueur permet un allongement significatif de sa longueur, ce qui permet par exemple de l'allonger jusqu'à dépasser un cran de verrouillage ou de déverrouillage correspondant à l'insertion de ses sections de maintien 36 dans les cavités de maintien 16 du bloc cylindres 10. Il est alors nécessaire de soumettre à nouveau l'élément de maintien 30 à une déformation élastique afin de le retirer, ce qui assure son maintien en fonctionnement.The holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 are configured so that their engagement requires subjecting the holding element 30 to a tensile force. Several configurations are then possible. Holding member 30 can be held under tensile stress when engaged with holding sections 36 of holding cavities 16; it is thus held in position around the cylinder block 10 by the effect of elasticity. It is possible that the holding element 30 is free, or even with a slight play when it is engaged. The holding sections 36 and the holding cavities 16 are then configured in such a way that an elastic deformation is necessary in order to engage them, for example by having to pass beyond a lug, the holding element 30 returning then to an unconstrained state. More precisely, the holding element 30 is subjected to a tensile force tending to lengthen it according to its largest dimension (or its length), that is to say tending to lengthen the dimension of the arc of a circle defined by the holding element 30. The holding element 30 is thus subjected to a tensile force tangential to the outer periphery of the cylinder block 10. Such an elongation of the holding element 30 over its entire length allows a significant elongation of its length, which allows for example to lengthen it to exceed a locking or unlocking notch corresponding to the insertion of its holding sections 36 in the holding cavities 16 of the cylinder block 10. It is then necessary to submit again the holding element 30 to an elastic deformation in order to withdraw it, which ensures its maintenance in operation.

Un tel montage en tension de l'élément de maintien 30 permet notamment d'assurer la tenue de l'élément de maintien 30 en dépit de l'effort exercé par les pistons 20 lors de leur mouvement au sein des logements du bloc cylindres 10. En effet, l'effort exercé par l'élément de maintien 30 sur les pistons 20 (ou inversement l'effort exercé par les pistons 20 sur l'élément de maintien 30) est un effort radial, c'est-à-dire un effort perpendiculaire à l'effort de tension de l'élément de maintien 30 qui est un effort tangentiel. A l'inverse, un effort exercé par les pistons 20 sur l'élément de maintien 30 va tendre à augmenter la tension de l'élément de maintien 30 et ainsi à améliorer sa tenue.Such a tension mounting of the holding element 30 makes it possible in particular to ensure the holding of the holding element 30 despite the force exerted by the pistons 20 during their movement within the housings of the cylinder block 10. Indeed, the force exerted by the holding element 30 on the pistons 20 (or conversely the force exerted by the pistons 20 on the holding element 30) is a radial force, that is to say a force perpendicular to the tensile force of the holding element 30 which is a tangential force. Conversely, a force exerted by the pistons 20 on the holding element 30 will tend to increase the tension of the holding element 30 and thus to improve its hold.

Afin d'améliorer le maintien en position des éléments de maintien 30 dans les gorges 14, on peut positionner un élément élastique 40 tel qu'un joint élastique de type joint torique ou « o ring », un ressort de traction en anneau, ou un jonc élastique fendu, par exemple un anneau élastique extérieur autour de chaque élément de maintien 30.. In order to improve the holding in position of the holding elements 30 in the grooves 14, it is possible to position an elastic element 40 such as an elastic seal of the O-ring or "o-ring" type, a ring traction spring, or a split elastic ring, for example an external elastic ring around each holding element 30. .

Les éléments de maintien 30 peuvent comporter une gorge sur leur surface radialement extérieure pour recevoir et maintenir l'élément élastique 40. La gorge peut être réalisée adjacente ou non à une bordure de l'élément de maintien 30. Dans le cas où la gorge est réalisée adjacente à une bordure de l'élément de maintien, une paroi latérale de la gorge est définir par une paroi d'une gorge 14 du bloc cylindres 10. L'élément élastique 40 recouvre radialement l'élément 30 pour empêcher son expansion dans le sens radialement extérieur par rapport à l'axe central X-X. L'élément élastique 40 maintien ainsi l'élément de maintien 30 plaqué sur la surface radiale externe du bloc cylindres 10.The holding elements 30 may include a groove on their radially outer surface to receive and hold the elastic element 40. The groove may or may not be made adjacent to an edge of the holding element 30. In the case where the groove is made adjacent to an edge of the retaining element, a side wall of the groove is defined by a wall of a groove 14 of the cylinder block 10. The elastic element 40 radially covers the element 30 to prevent its expansion in the direction radially outward from the axis central XX. The elastic element 40 thus holds the holding element 30 pressed against the outer radial surface of the cylinder block 10.

Les figures 2A et 2B sont deux vues partielles en coupe selon le plan A-A défini sur la figure 2 illustrant les deux positionnements possibles décrits précédemment.The figures 2A and 2B are two partial sectional views according to plane AA defined on the picture 2 illustrating the two possible positions described previously.

Les éléments de maintien 30 peuvent être réalisés de différentes manières. On représente ainsi deux modes de réalisation sur les figures 4 et 5.The holding elements 30 can be made in different ways. Two embodiments are thus represented on the figure 4 and 5 .

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 4 ; l'élément de maintien 30 présente une forme générale de demi-cercle. En associant deux éléments de maintien 30 selon ce mode de réalisation, on obtient donc un anneau ou un anneau fendu. On positionnera ainsi typiquement deux de ces éléments de maintien 30 autour d'un bloc cylindres 10 de chaque côté des logements 12 (soit un total de 4 éléments de maintien pour un bloc cylindres comprenant une rangée unique de pistons) afin de réaliser un maintien de l'ensemble des pistons 20 disposés dans les logements 12. Ce mode de réalisation est notamment adapté pour les blocs cylindres 10 comprenant un nombre pair de pistons.In the embodiment shown in the figure 4 ; the holding element 30 has the general shape of a semicircle. By combining two holding elements 30 according to this embodiment, a ring or a split ring is therefore obtained. Two of these holding elements 30 will thus typically be positioned around a cylinder block 10 on each side of the housings 12 (i.e. a total of 4 holding elements for a cylinder block comprising a single row of pistons) in order to hold the all of the pistons 20 arranged in the housings 12. This embodiment is particularly suitable for cylinder blocks 10 comprising an even number of pistons.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 5, l'élément de maintien 30 présente une forme générale d'anneau fendu. Ce mode de réalisation peut convenir si le bloc cylindres 10 comprend un nombre pair ou impair de pistons 20. On positionne alors typiquement un tel élément de maintien 30 de chaque côté des différents logements 12 autour du bloc cylindres 10 (soit un total de 2 éléments de maintien pour un bloc cylindres comprenant une rangée unique de pistons).In the embodiment shown in the figure 5 , the holding element 30 has the general shape of a split ring. This embodiment may be suitable if the cylinder block 10 comprises an even or odd number of pistons 20. Such a holding element 30 is then typically positioned on each side of the various housings 12 around the cylinder block 10 (i.e. a total of 2 elements support for a cylinder block comprising a single row of pistons).

On comprend également que des éléments de maintien 30 selon ces deux modes de réalisation peuvent être combinés sur un même bloc cylindres 10, dès lors qu'il comprend des cavités de maintien 16 appropriées. Un bloc cylindres 10 peut ainsi présenter un élément de maintien 30 selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 5 d'un côté des différents logements 12, et deux éléments de maintien 30 selon le mode de réalisation de la figure 4 de l'autre côté des différents logements 12.It is also understood that holding elements 30 according to these two embodiments can be combined on the same cylinder block 10, provided that it comprises appropriate holding cavities 16. A cylinder block 10 can thus have a holding element 30 according to the embodiment of the figure 5 on one side of the different housings 12, and two holding elements 30 according to the embodiment of the figure 4 on the other side of the various housings 12.

Les figures 1 à 3 déjà décrites présentaient un bloc cylindres 10 comprenant une unique rangée de pistons 20 et de logements 12. Les éléments de maintien 30 peuvent toutefois également être employés pour un bloc cylindres présentant plusieurs rangées de pistons 20 et de logements 12. On représente ainsi sur la figure 6 un bloc cylindres 10 comprenant deux rangées de logements 12. Les éléments de maintien disposés aux deux extrémités du bloc cylindres 10 par rapport à la direction définie par l'axe central X-X sont disposés comme déjà décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 3. Les éléments de maintien 30 centraux sont ici formés par un élément unique, et un élément élastique 40 optionnel est positionné dans une gorge centrale de cet élément unique.. En variante, les éléments de maintien 30 centraux peuvent être formés de deux éléments distincts, chacun pouvant alors être entouré par un élément élastique 40 comme déjà décrit précédemment en référence notamment aux figures 1 et 2. Les cavités de maintien et les sections de maintien 36 sont ici positionnées de manière à ce que chaque élément de maintien soit positionné de manière appropriéeThe figures 1 to 3 already described had a cylinder block 10 comprising a single row of pistons 20 and housings 12. The retaining elements 30 can however also be used for a cylinder block having several rows of pistons 20 and dwellings 12. We thus represent on the figure 6 a cylinder block 10 comprising two rows of housings 12. The holding elements arranged at the two ends of the cylinder block 10 with respect to the direction defined by the central axis XX are arranged as already described with reference to the figures 1 to 3 . The central holding elements 30 are here formed by a single element, and an optional elastic element 40 is positioned in a central groove of this single element. Alternatively, the central holding elements 30 can be formed of two separate elements, each which can then be surrounded by an elastic element 40 as already described above with particular reference to the figures 1 and 2 . The holding cavities and holding sections 36 are here positioned so that each holding element is positioned appropriately

La fonction des différents éléments de maintien 30 demeure inchangée.The function of the various holding elements 30 remains unchanged.

Les figures 7 et 8 présentent deux vues d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un élément de maintien 30.The figures 7 and 8 present two views of another embodiment of a holding element 30.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'élément de maintien 30 comprend une portion radiale 37 s'étendant depuis une extrémité opposée aux portions de guidage 32, et munie d'une pluralité de motifs 38 répartis régulièrement sur toute la longueur de l'élément de maintien 30. La portion radiale 37 présente une forme générale d'anneau ou de portion d'anneau, et définit ainsi une couronne radiale.In this embodiment, the holding element 30 comprises a radial portion 37 extending from an end opposite the guide portions 32, and provided with a plurality of patterns 38 distributed regularly over the entire length of the holding 30. The radial portion 37 has the general shape of a ring or portion of a ring, and thus defines a radial crown.

La portion radiale 37 est réalisée de manière à ce que lorsque l'élément de maintien 30 est positionné dans une gorge d'un bloc cylindres, la portion radiale 37 recouvre partiellement une face formant une extrémité du bloc cylindres 10 selon la direction définie par l'axe central X-X. Les différents motifs 38 sont ainsi répartis régulièrement sur toute la périphérie du bloc cylindres 10, et peuvent être couplés à un capteur afin de réaliser une fonction de tachymètre.The radial portion 37 is made in such a way that when the retaining element 30 is positioned in a groove of a cylinder block, the radial portion 37 partially covers a face forming one end of the cylinder block 10 in the direction defined by the central axis X-X. The various patterns 38 are thus distributed regularly over the entire periphery of the cylinder block 10, and can be coupled to a sensor in order to perform a tachometer function.

Le capteur associé peut par exemple être un capteur de proximité.The associated sensor can for example be a proximity sensor.

En variante, les motifs 38 peuvent présenter un revêtement tel qu'un revêtement magnétique ou ferromagnétique, et le capteur associé est alors un capteur magnétique.As a variant, the patterns 38 may have a coating such as a magnetic or ferromagnetic coating, and the associated sensor is then a magnetic sensor.

Bien que la présente invention ait été décrite en se référant à des exemples de réalisation spécifiques, il est évident que des modifications et des changements peuvent être effectués sur ces exemples sans sortir de la portée générale de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications. En particulier, des caractéristiques individuelles des différents modes de réalisation illustrés/mentionnés peuvent être combinées dans des modes de réalisation additionnels. Par conséquent, la description et les dessins doivent être considérés dans un sens illustratif plutôt que restrictif.Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it is obvious that modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, individual features of the different illustrated/mentioned embodiments can be combined in additional embodiments. Accordingly, the description and the drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

Il est également évident que toutes les caractéristiques décrites en référence à un procédé sont transposables, seules ou en combinaison, à un dispositif, et inversement, toutes les caractéristiques décrites en référence à un dispositif sont transposables, seules ou en combinaison, à un procédé.It is also obvious that all the characteristics described with reference to a method can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a device, and conversely, all the characteristics described with reference to a device can be transposed, alone or in combination, to a method.

Claims (15)

  1. An assembly comprising:
    - a cylinder block (10) having a plurality of recesses (12) extending radially around a central axis (X-X), and leading to an outer periphery of the cylinder block (10),
    - a plurality of pistons (20), each disposed in a recess (12) of the cylinder block (10) having a cylinder-of-revolution cross section around a piston axis extending radially around the central axis (X-X), and mounted sliding radially relative to the central axis (X-X), each of said pistons (20) having a body (22) and a crown (24) suited to come into contact with a multi-lobe cam, the crown (24) having the shape of a cylinder of revolution and two planar ends (26) each in a plane perpendicular to the central axis (X-X) and defining guide surfaces,
    - a holding element (30) extending over all or a part of the outer periphery of the cylinder block (10), the holding element (30) comprising a plurality of guide portions (32), each partially blocking a recess (12) of the cylinder block (10), so as to come into contact with a planar end (26) of the crown (24) of a piston (20) so as to accomplish the guiding in translation of each of the pistons (20) in their respective recesses (12),
    characterized in that
    the holding element (30) comprises two indexing means (36) cooperating with two indexing means (16) of the cylinder block (10) so as to hold the holding element (30) under a traction force when positioned around the cylinder block (10).
  2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the holding element (30) comprises a body having the shape of a circular arc extending around the outer periphery of the cylinder block (10), and comprises holding sections (36) extending perpendicular to said body, parallel to the central axis (X-X) and from two ends of the body, said holding sections forming the indexing means (36) of the holding element (30).
  3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein the cylinder block (10) comprises holding cavities (16) provided on the outer surface of the cylinder block (10), into which are inserted the holding sections (36) of the holding element (30).
  4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein the holding element (30) comprises a channel extending on its outer surface, and in which an elastic element (40) is positioned in said channel so as to clasp the holding element (30) around the cylinder block (10).
  5. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the holding element (30) is made of plastic material.
  6. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein each guide portion (32) of the holding element (30) is formed in a material comprising one material among molybdenum sulfide, graphite or bronze.
  7. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of the guide portions (32) defines a linear or planar contact with a planar end (26) of the crown (24) of a piston (20), the contact being respectively along an axis extending radially relative to the central axis (X-X), or in a plane perpendicular to the central axis (X-X) of the cylinder block (10).
  8. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each guide portion (32) is bracketed by two notches (33), each defining a passage for a portion of the body (22) of a piston beyond the holding element (30) in the radial direction relative to the central axis (X-X).
  9. The assembly according to claim 8, wherein the body (22) of each piston has a cylinder-of-revolution shape along a piston axis extending radially relative to the central axis (X-X), and in which is formed a crown (24) recess defining a cylinder-of-revolution cavity along an axis perpendicular to the piston axis, said crown recess leading to one end of the piston (20) body (22) relative to the piston axis, the intersection between the outer surface of the piston (20) body (24) and the crown recess defining portions (23) suited to penetrate into the notches (33) of the holding element (30) during the translation movement of the piston (20) in its recess (12).
  10. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the holding element (30) has a radial portion (37) extending radially relative to the central axis (X-X), the radial portion (37) comprising a plurality of relief elements (38) distributed regularly around the central axis (X-X).
  11. The assembly according to claim 10, wherein each of said relief elements (38) comprises a magnetic or ferromagnetic material.
  12. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the holding element (30) is composed of two segments, said two segments forming an annulus or a split annulus when placed end to end.
  13. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the holding element (30) is a split annulus.
  14. The assembly according to one of claims 1 to 13, comprising two holding elements (30) extending on either side of the recesses (12) of the cylinder block (10).
  15. A hydraulic machine with radial pistons comprising an assembly according to one of claims 1 to 14.
EP19742842.8A 2018-06-08 2019-06-04 Cylinder block comprising piston-holding means Active EP3803115B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1855009A FR3082243B1 (en) 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 CYLINDER BLOCK INCLUDING A PISTON HOLDING MEANS
PCT/FR2019/051309 WO2019234342A1 (en) 2018-06-08 2019-06-04 Cylinder block comprising piston-holding means

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3803115A1 EP3803115A1 (en) 2021-04-14
EP3803115B1 true EP3803115B1 (en) 2022-06-01

Family

ID=63637997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19742842.8A Active EP3803115B1 (en) 2018-06-08 2019-06-04 Cylinder block comprising piston-holding means

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11313345B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3803115B1 (en)
CN (1) CN112262258B (en)
FR (1) FR3082243B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019234342A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1413108A (en) * 1971-11-09 1975-11-05 Renold Ltd Hydraulic motors
US3922956A (en) * 1971-11-09 1975-12-02 Renold Ltd Hydraulic motors
FR2504987B1 (en) 1981-05-04 1986-04-18 Poclain Hydraulics Sa PRESSURE FLUID MECHANISM COMPRISING REACTION ROLLERS CARRIED BY PISTONS
DE3530979A1 (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-12 Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh RADIAL PISTON MACHINE
FR2727471A1 (en) 1994-11-30 1996-05-31 Poclain Hydraulics Sa PISTON MECHANISM, MOTOR OR PUMP PROVIDED WITH ROLLERS SUPPORTING ON A CAM
FR3026791B1 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-04-19 Poclain Hydraulics Industrie HYDRAULIC MECHANISM WITH MEANS FOR GUIDING PISTON TRANSLATION
FR3049990A1 (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-13 Laurent Eugene Albert HYDRODYNAMIC MACHINE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3082243A1 (en) 2019-12-13
US20210254597A1 (en) 2021-08-19
CN112262258B (en) 2023-05-23
FR3082243B1 (en) 2020-08-28
CN112262258A (en) 2021-01-22
EP3803115A1 (en) 2021-04-14
US11313345B2 (en) 2022-04-26
WO2019234342A1 (en) 2019-12-12

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