EP3789564A1 - Reusable modular formwork system for the production of precast spiral stairs and method for manufacturing a formwork for precast spiral stairs - Google Patents
Reusable modular formwork system for the production of precast spiral stairs and method for manufacturing a formwork for precast spiral stairs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3789564A1 EP3789564A1 EP20194530.0A EP20194530A EP3789564A1 EP 3789564 A1 EP3789564 A1 EP 3789564A1 EP 20194530 A EP20194530 A EP 20194530A EP 3789564 A1 EP3789564 A1 EP 3789564A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- formwork
- step core
- section
- board holding
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- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
- B28B17/0081—Process control
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/06—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall
- E04G13/062—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall for stairs or steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/22—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units
- B28B7/225—Moulds for making units for prefabricated buildings, i.e. units each comprising an important section of at least two limiting planes of a room or space, e.g. cells; Moulds for making prefabricated stair units for making stairs or stair units comprising more than one step
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reusable modular formwork system for the production of spiral precast staircases, as well as a method for using said formwork system.
- Formwork systems for straight precast stairs have been known for a long time.
- the formwork is constructed from a formwork space and inserted step core elements.
- the stairs are poured lying on their side and the formwork system makes it easy to produce different lengths of prefabricated stairs.
- a staircase formwork for the production of spiral precast stairs is disclosed, in which individual step boxes are stacked on top of each other following the course of the stairs and supported with long supports for each step core.
- the height of the individual step cores can be adjusted individually in order to achieve different step heights.
- the formwork system should mainly comprise modular, reusable parts, so that storage is space-saving and the acquisition costs are kept low.
- the time for setting up the formwork of an individual prefabricated staircase is to be significantly reduced compared to the known systems, whereby a large part of the assembly does not require time-consuming calibration of individual components and the measurements to be carried out on a constant reference in order to prevent the addition of measurement errors.
- the support board holding elements each have a stand-up section, a middle section and a holding section, the middle section being connected to the stand-up section and to the holding section via joints at its ends, and the three sections in different Angles to each other via two perforated grids or, for example, spindle drives, which are each arranged between the set-up section and the central section or between the central section and the holding section, are adjustable and fixable, so that the holding section, on which the support boards can be fixed, can be fixed in position at different height distances and angles to the set-up section.
- This structure is particularly simple, and the support board holding elements can be left in the same positions or, if necessary, moved according to the course of the planned spiral staircase.
- such support board holding elements offer the advantage that they can be quickly adjusted and fixed very flexibly to a large number of heights and angles of inclination. For the course of the stairs only the desired number of support board holding elements must be precisely positioned on the base and the height and inclination selected.
- the support board holding elements each have a stand-up section and a holding section, the two sections being connected to one another via joints, and the two sections being at different angles to one another via a perforated grid or, for example, a spindle drive, which is connected between the Set-up section and the holding section is arranged, adjustable and fixable, so that the holding section, on which the support boards can be fixed, can be fixed in position at different angles to the set-up section.
- these more simply constructed support board holding elements can also be used, which only allow an angle adjustment of the holding section, but no height adjustment.
- These support board holding elements can be used, for example, in a very low-lying section of the spiral staircase, or also directly on a platform.
- step core element with a rectangular top side at least one type of step core element with a trapezoidal top side and optionally at least one type of step core element with a polygonal top side are provided, with preferably several different types of step core elements with trapezoidal or polygonal top sides different angles between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the Top side and / or optionally with different lengths or widths are provided.
- only one type of rectangular step cores can be provided, but for reasons of space it can be advantageous to keep several types of step cores in stock, since step cores with a more wedge-shaped top side are particularly useful in the spiral areas of a spiral staircase.
- the projections and / or recesses for positioning the step core elements on opposing recesses and / or projections of the support boards are designed as ribs or grooves running parallel to the front edge of the step core elements. With the help of these ribs or grooves, it is particularly easy to position the step cores on the support boards. After placing the step cores, they can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the ribs or grooves within the guide in the support boards without affecting the correct dimensions of the formwork.
- face formwork elements are provided with different heights in order to be used for different step heights.
- the face formwork elements require little space and different panel heights can be kept in stock.
- the different plate heights can differ slightly increasing by, for example, 1.2 or 3 mm.
- any desired stair height can be set by using a different number of slightly higher or lower end face formwork elements.
- Face formwork elements of a certain type can, for example, also be marked in color or in writing in order to further simplify the erection of the formwork.
- the end face formwork elements can be fixed to the side surfaces of the step core elements when the formwork is being erected, for example by means of magnetic holders or other reversible fastening means.
- the base area on at least two adjacent side edges of the base area vertical reference walls are provided, which are used for the dimensionally accurate positioning of the support board holding elements and the lateral formwork walls.
- the provision of two fixed reference walls on the base area further simplifies the measurement of the support board holding elements and the lateral formwork walls.
- the two reference walls can also be mirrored.
- a continuous rear wall forms, for example, one reference wall for two base areas, and a partition wall arranged normal thereto between the two base areas forms the respective second reference wall.
- Predefined latching positions at defined distances from the reference walls can also be provided on the base area.
- the support board holding elements can be fixed in these positions. As a result, only the details of the appropriate latching positions are required and the support board holding elements do not need to be measured, which further accelerates the construction of the formwork.
- a further preferred feature here is that a slewing crane is provided at the apex of the two reference walls on the upper side. This allows simple manipulation of the individual components of the formwork system when erecting the formwork.
- At least one platform is provided on the base for the positioning of the support board holding elements for the higher part of the spiral precast staircase.
- fixed or movable platforms can also be provided on which the support board holding elements for sections of the spiral staircase located further up are positioned.
- drawers can be provided to store the step cores during the formwork conversion.
- the method described for producing a formwork significantly shortens the time required for erection.
- the necessary construction plan data for the spiral precast staircase to be formed are entered into appropriate software, which then makes the appropriate calculations for the Formwork system are carried out.
- the cutting patterns for the support boards and the side formwork walls are created. With these patterns, the corresponding components can then be produced automatically, for example cut to size, whereby the personnel costs and thus the production costs of the spiral precast staircase are also kept low.
- the calculation creates a plan for the construction of the formwork, on which the position, the height and inclination setting of the support board retaining elements, the number and, if applicable, the type of step cores to be used, the number and type of face formwork elements, as well as the position of the side formwork walls is indicated are.
- the positioning of the support board holding elements and finally the positioning of the lateral formwork walls have to be measured in relation to a reference. If a grid is present on the base area, even measuring the position of the support board holding elements can be omitted or simplified. All other steps can be put together very quickly and easily on the basis of the given settings and elements, which drastically shortens the overall construction time of the formwork.
- the step core elements 5 were shown transparent in order to make the overall structure more visible.
- a base area 2 which is delimited by two adjacent reference walls 18, a total of five support board holding elements 1 were positioned and adjusted with regard to the desired height and inclination.
- support boards 3 are fixed, which were previously produced according to the desired course of the stairs, for example by cutting. The height and inclination settings are made quickly on the basis of the information provided by the computer-aided calculation.
- the support boards 3 were also produced fully automatically on the basis of this planning and can easily be fixed to the support board holding elements 1, for example by clamping or other holders, such as magnetic holders.
- the step core elements 5, 16, 21 are placed on the corresponding recesses 4 or projections of the cut support boards 3.
- three types of step core elements 5, 16, 21 were used.
- the matching end face formwork elements 9 are inserted and finally the side formwork walls 10, which are likewise produced in an automated manner, are put in place.
- the lateral formwork walls 10 are again measured with the aid of the reference walls 18 or positioned with the aid of templates.
- Such templates by means of which the distance between a reference wall and a lateral formwork wall 10 can be set, can also be made on the basis of the computer-generated plans are produced, as is also the case for the side formwork walls 10 and the support boards 3. As a result, almost no measuring steps are required to assemble the formwork largely from modular or automated individual elements.
- the interaction between the step core elements 5 and the support boards 3 is shown in more detail as a schematic detail section.
- the support boards 3 are produced on the basis of the computer-aided cutting pattern.
- gradations for the support of the step core elements 5 are cut out on the upper face of the support boards 3. These gradations are arranged at an angle to the lower end face of the support boards 3, this angle essentially corresponding to the angle that corresponds to the angle between the respective holding section 13 of the support board holding element 1 and the base surface 2.
- recesses 4 are also cut out, in which projections 7 of the step core elements 5 are guided.
- recesses 23 are provided in the support boards between the steps for the support of the step core elements, which allow the protruding rear areas of the respective step core to find space. As a result, only a few types of step cores are required, which are stacked on top of one another with different overlaps.
- the step core elements 5 themselves are preferably made of metal and have an upper side 6 which forms the formwork skin. With the projections 7 formed on the step core elements 5, these can easily be positioned on the support boards 3, the step cores 3 then still being able to be moved laterally within the recesses 4 of the support boards 3 (see FIG Fig. 3 ). As from the Fig. 3 it is evident that the recesses 4 do not have to be laboriously cut out even if the steps run at an angle to the support boards 3. It is sufficient to cut it out at a right angle, for example using a simple milling head. The projections 7 of the step core elements 5 are securely guided over the respective side edges of the recesses 4 in the support boards 3.
- Step core elements 5 are Step core elements 5 made significantly larger than is required for the respective staircase.
- the step core elements 5 have a clear overhang which, during assembly, enables the workers to use the edge area of the step cores as a stair during assembly.
- Matching end face formwork elements 9 are fixed on the front side surfaces 8 of the step core elements 5 adjoining the front edge 17. This can be accomplished, for example, using magnetic connecting means.
- the face formwork elements 9 are also provided with profiles 22 on their underside in order to seal the finished formwork in the transition between the individual step core elements 5 and to be able to form chamfers.
- Different types of face formwork elements 9 with different heights can be kept in stock.
- the end face formwork elements 9 can, for example, be in stock at slightly different height intervals of, for example, 1 to 3 mm. The appropriate type of face formwork elements 9 is then selected depending on the planned information.
- end face formwork elements 9 with different heights can also be used alternately, whereby every possible actual total height of the staircase can be mapped.
- the selection and positions of the individual types of end face formwork elements 9 result again from the computer-aided planning and are of course also taken into account in the pattern of the support boards 3.
- a support board holding element 1 is shown in a schematic side view.
- the support board holding element 1 comprises a set-up section 11, a central section 12 and a holding section 13, these sections 11, 12, 13 being connected to one another in a Z-shape via joints 14.
- the individual sections 11, 12, 13 could be adjusted and fixed with respect to one another via perforated grid 15, whereby the distance and the inclination of the holding section 11 with respect to one another the base 2 are flexibly adjustable.
- the adjustment of the individual sections 11, 12, 13 to one another can also take place continuously via other adjusting means, such as, for example, spindle drives.
- a setting that is as simple as possible is sufficient, however, since the necessary flexibility for fine-tuning can also take place via the cutting pattern of the support boards 3.
- no central section 12 is provided, but the holding section 13 is then directly connected to the erecting section 11 via a hinge, whereby only the angle, but not the height, can be preset.
- a work area for the erection of the formwork is shown.
- the work space is formed from the base area 2 and two adjacent reference walls 18 in each case.
- a plurality of platforms 20 can also be provided on the base area 2, on which the support board holding elements 1 can be positioned for the higher stair sections.
- two work rooms are shown, which are arranged in a mirrored manner in order to be able to produce spiral precast stairs in both winding directions.
- a continuous rear wall delimiting the base area 2 forms one of the reference walls 18.
- a partition wall set up between the base areas 2 forms the second reference wall 18 for both work spaces.
- a slewing crane is mounted, by means of which the individual components of the formwork system can be manipulated more easily.
- the reference walls also serve as fall protection for the workers when assembling the formwork.
- Fig. 6 one of the work rooms is shown in a side view, with a completely assembled formwork being shown schematically.
- the platforms 20 allow the same type of support board holding element 1 to be used at any point on the formwork, including in the upper area of the stairs. Because the individual components of the formwork system can be used very flexibly and can be produced cheaply, only a small amount of storage space is required and the individual components must be joined together Components for an individual staircase formwork requires little time and less skilled personnel than the solutions known in the prior art. A formwork assembly or conversion and the production of the prefabricated staircase are possible within just one working day.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein wiederverwendbares modulares Schalungssystem für die Herstellung von gewendelten Fertigteiltreppen umfassend:- mehrere in Neigung und gebenenfalls in der Höhe verstellbare Stützbretthalteelemente (1),- Stützbretter (3), welche dem Treppenverlauf folgend auf den Stützbretthalteelementen (1) fixierbar sind, wobei sie an ihrer im montierten Zustand oberen Stirnseite Ausnehmungen (4) und/oder Vorsprünge zur Aufnahme von Stufenkernelementen (5) aufweisen,- mehrere Stufenkernelemente (5) von zumindest einer Art, wobei diese an der Oberseite (6) die Schalhaut für eine Stufe ausbilden und an der Unterseite Vorsprünge (7) und/oder Ausnehmungen aufweisen, mittels welcher sie in die entsprechenden gegengleichen Ausnehmungen (4) und/oder Vorsprünge der Stützbretter (3) einsetzbar sind, und wobei an jeweils einer normal zur Oberseite (6) verlaufenden Seitenfläche (8) der Stufenkernelemente (5) Stirnseitenschalungselemente (9) fixierbar sind,- Stirnseitenschalungselemente (9), welche die Schalhaut für die Stirnseiten der Stufen ausbilden und- seitliche Schalwände (10), welche zur seitlichen Abschalung der Treppe auf die Stufenkernelemente (5) aufsetzbar sind. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Errichtung einer Schalung mit Hilfe des oben genannten Systems.The invention relates to a reusable modular formwork system for the production of spiral prefabricated stairs comprising: - several support board holding elements (1) adjustable in incline and, if necessary, in height, - support boards (3) which can be fixed on the support board holding elements (1) following the course of the stairs they have recesses (4) and / or projections for receiving step core elements (5) on their upper end face in the assembled state, - several step core elements (5) of at least one type, these forming the formwork facing for a step on the upper side (6) and have projections (7) and / or recesses on the underside, by means of which they can be inserted into the corresponding recesses (4) and / or projections of the support boards (3) that are identical to one another, and on each side surface running normal to the upper side (6) (8) the step core elements (5) face formwork elements (9) can be fixed, - face formwork elements (9), which form the formlining for the end faces of the steps, and lateral formwork walls (10) which can be placed on the step core elements (5) for laterally shuttering the stairs. The invention also relates to a method for erecting formwork with the aid of the above-mentioned system.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein wiederverwendbares modulares Schalungssystem für die Herstellung von gewendelten Fertigteiltreppen, sowie eine Verfahren zur Verwendung des genannten Schalungssystems.The invention relates to a reusable modular formwork system for the production of spiral precast staircases, as well as a method for using said formwork system.
Schalungssysteme für gerade Fertigteiltreppen sind seit längerem bekannt. Bei diesen Vorrichtungen, wie sie beispielsweise in der
Bei gewendelten Fertigteiltreppen kommt durch die Wendelform der fertigen Treppe die Schwierigkeit hinzu, dass diese nicht in einer derart einfachen Schalung auf der Seite liegend gegossen werden kann. Es gibt unterschiedliche Ansätze, dieses Problem zu lösen. So gibt es beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, gesamte Schalungsformen für unterschiedliche Treppentypen vorrätig zu halten, was jedoch sehr viel Lagerfläche einnimmt und die Vielfalt der möglichen Treppen stark einschränkt. In den meisten Fällen werden individuelle Lösungen gebraucht, bei welchen die Gesamthöhe und der Verlauf der Treppe je nach Bauwerk vorgegeben werden, und die jeweilige Stufenanzahl und Stufenhöhe entsprechend eingepasst werden müssen. Üblicherweise muss deshalb eine gewendelte Treppe zumeist vor Ort mit hohem Zeit- und Personalaufwand gefertigt werden.In the case of spiral precast stairs, the spiral shape of the finished staircase adds the problem that it cannot be cast lying on its side in such a simple formwork. There are different approaches to solving this problem. For example, it is possible to keep entire formwork forms for different types of stairs in stock, but this takes up a lot of storage space and severely limits the variety of possible stairs. In most cases, individual solutions are needed, in which the total height and the course of the stairs are specified depending on the building, and the respective number and height of the steps must be adjusted accordingly. Therefore, a spiral staircase usually has to be manufactured on site with a high expenditure of time and personnel.
In der
Es ist nun Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Schalungssystem und ein Verfahren zu Errichtung eines derartigen Schalungssystems für gewendelte Fertigteiltreppen zu schaffen, welches die oben genannten Nachteile beseitigt. Dabei soll das Schalungssystem hauptsächlich modulare wiederverwendbare Teile umfassen, wodurch die Lagerung platzsparend ist und die Anschaffungskosten gering gehalten werden. Die Zeit für den Aufbau der Schalung einer individuellen Fertigteiltreppe soll gegenüber den bekannten Systemen deutlich reduziert werden, wobei ein Großteil des Zusammenbaus kein aufwändiges Einmessen einzelner Komponenten erfordert und die durchzuführenden Messungen an einer gleichbleibenden Referenz erfolgen, um ein Addieren von Messfehlern zu verhindern.It is now the object of the present invention to provide a formwork system and a method for erecting such a formwork system for spiral precast staircases, which eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. The formwork system should mainly comprise modular, reusable parts, so that storage is space-saving and the acquisition costs are kept low. The time for setting up the formwork of an individual prefabricated staircase is to be significantly reduced compared to the known systems, whereby a large part of the assembly does not require time-consuming calibration of individual components and the measurements to be carried out on a constant reference in order to prevent the addition of measurement errors.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das vorgeschlagene Schalungssystem gelöst, wobei das Schalungssystem folgende Elemente umfasst:
- mehrere in Neigung und gegebenenfalls in der Höhe verstellbare Stützbretthalteelemente, wobei die Stützbretthalteelemente auf einer Grundfläche jeweils dem geplanten Treppenverlauf folgend aufstellbar sind,
- Stützbretter, welche ebenfalls dem Treppenverlauf folgend auf den Stützbretthalteelementen fixierbar sind, wobei die Stützbretter an ihrer im montierten Zustand oben liegenden Stirnseite Ausnehmungen und/oder Vorsprünge zur Aufnahme von Stufenkernelementen aufweisen,
- mehrere Stufenkernelemente von zumindest einer Art, wobei jedes Stufenkernelement an der Oberseite die Schalhaut für eine Stufe ausbildet und an der Unterseite Vorsprünge und/oder Ausnehmungen aufweist, mittels welcher sie in die entsprechenden gegengleichen Ausnehmungen und/oder Vorsprünge der Stützbretter einsetzbar sind, und wobei an jeweils einer normal zur Oberseite verlaufenden Seitenfläche der Stufenkernelemente Stirnseitenschalungselemente fixierbar sind,
- Stirnseitenschalungselemente, welche an den jeweiligen Stufenkernelementen fixierbar sind, und welche die Schalhaut für die Stirnseiten der jeweiligen Stufe ausbilden und
- seitliche Schalwände, welche zur seitlichen Abschalung der Treppe auf die Stufenkernelemente oben aufsetzbar sind. Durch die Verwendung von einstellbaren Stützbretthalteelementen und kostengünstig herstellbaren Stützbrettern, welche sehr einfach als gerade Elemente maßgenau positioniert werden können, wird es möglich, dass die einzelnen Stufenkernelemente ohne weiteres Messen einfach in die dafür vorgesehenen Positionen eingelegt werden können, was die Errichtung der Schalung deutlich beschleunigt. Ferner können die Stufenkerne seitlich parallel zur Vorderkante verschoben werden, um dies bestmöglich geometrisch nutzen zu können.
- several support board holding elements adjustable in incline and, if necessary, in height, whereby the support board holding elements can be set up on a base area following the planned course of the stairs,
- Support boards, which can also be fixed on the support board holding elements following the course of the stairs, the support boards having recesses and / or projections for receiving step core elements on their end face which is at the top in the assembled state,
- several step core elements of at least one type, with each step core element forming the formwork skin for a step on the upper side and having projections and / or recesses on the underside, by means of which they can be inserted into the corresponding recesses and / or projections of the same counterpart on the support boards, and with In each case one side surface of the step core elements running normal to the upper side can be fixed in the face formwork elements,
- End face formwork elements which can be fixed to the respective step core elements and which form the formwork skin for the end faces of the respective step and
- Lateral formwork walls, which can be placed on top of the step core elements for lateral shuttering of the stairs. Through the use of adjustable support board holding elements and support boards that can be produced at low cost, which can be very easily positioned as straight elements with dimensional accuracy, it is possible that the individual step core elements can be simply inserted into the intended positions without further measurement, which significantly speeds up the erection of the formwork . Furthermore, the step cores can be shifted laterally parallel to the front edge in order to be able to use this geometrically in the best possible way.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems ist es vorgesehen, dass die Stützbretthalteelemente jeweils einen Aufstellabschnitt, einen Mittelabschnitt und einen Halteabschnitt aufweisen, wobei der Mittelabschnitt über Gelenke an seinen Enden mit dem Aufstellabschnitt und mit dem Halteabschnitt verbunden ist, und wobei die drei Abschnitte in unterschiedlichen Winkeln zueinander über zwei Lochraster oder beispielsweise Spindelantriebe, die jeweils zwischen dem Aufstellabschnitt und dem Mittelabschnitt bzw. zwischen dem Mittelabschnitt und dem Halteabschnitt angeordnet sind, verstellbar und fixierbar sind, sodass der Halteabschnitt, an welchem die Stützbretter fixierbar sind, in unterschiedlichen Höhenabständen und Winkeln zum Aufstellabschnitt lagefixierbar ist. Dieser Aufbau ist besonders einfach, und die Stützbretthalteelemente können an den gleichen Positionen belassen werden oder auch bei Bedarf entsprechend dem Verlauf der geplanten gewendelten Treppe versetzt werden. Gleichzeitig bieten derartige Stützbretthalteelemente den Vorteil, dass sie sehr flexibel auf eine Vielzahl von Höhen und Neigungswinkel schnell einstellbar und fixierbar sind. Es muss für den Treppenverlauf lediglich die gewünschte Anzahl an Stützbretthalteelementen auf der Grundfläche genau positioniert sein und die Höhe und Neigung gewählt werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the formwork system according to the invention, it is provided that the support board holding elements each have a stand-up section, a middle section and a holding section, the middle section being connected to the stand-up section and to the holding section via joints at its ends, and the three sections in different Angles to each other via two perforated grids or, for example, spindle drives, which are each arranged between the set-up section and the central section or between the central section and the holding section, are adjustable and fixable, so that the holding section, on which the support boards can be fixed, can be fixed in position at different height distances and angles to the set-up section. This structure is particularly simple, and the support board holding elements can be left in the same positions or, if necessary, moved according to the course of the planned spiral staircase. At the same time, such support board holding elements offer the advantage that they can be quickly adjusted and fixed very flexibly to a large number of heights and angles of inclination. For the course of the stairs only the desired number of support board holding elements must be precisely positioned on the base and the height and inclination selected.
Dabei ist es alternativ ein zusätzliches bevorzugtes Merkmal, dass die Stützbretthalteelemente jeweils einen Aufstellabschnitt und einen Halteabschnitt aufweisen, wobei die beiden Abschnitte über Gelenke miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei die beiden Abschnitte in unterschiedlichen Winkeln zueinander über einen Lochraster oder beispielsweise einen Spindelantrieb, der zwischen dem Aufstellabschnitt und dem Halteabschnitt angeordnet ist, verstellbar und fixierbar sind, sodass der Halteabschnitt, an welchem die Stützbretter fixierbar sind, in unterschiedlichen Winkeln zum Aufstellabschnitt lagefixierbar ist. An manchen Stellen im Verlauf einer geplanten gewendelten Treppe können auch diese einfacher aufgebauten Stützbretthalteelemente eingesetzt werden, welche lediglich eine Winkeleinstellung des Halteabschnitts, aber keine Höheneinstellung erlauben. Diese Stützbretthalteelemente können beispielsweise bei einem sehr tiefliegenden Abschnitt der gewendelten Treppe verwendet werden, oder aber auch unmittelbar auf einem Podest.As an alternative, it is an additional preferred feature that the support board holding elements each have a stand-up section and a holding section, the two sections being connected to one another via joints, and the two sections being at different angles to one another via a perforated grid or, for example, a spindle drive, which is connected between the Set-up section and the holding section is arranged, adjustable and fixable, so that the holding section, on which the support boards can be fixed, can be fixed in position at different angles to the set-up section. At some points in the course of a planned spiral staircase, these more simply constructed support board holding elements can also be used, which only allow an angle adjustment of the holding section, but no height adjustment. These support board holding elements can be used, for example, in a very low-lying section of the spiral staircase, or also directly on a platform.
Es ist ferner ein bevorzugtes Merkmal, dass zumindest eine Art Stufenkernelement mit rechteckiger Oberseite, zumindest eine Art Stufenkernelement mit trapezförmiger Oberseite und gegebenenfalls zumindest eine Art von Stufenkernelement mit polygonaler Oberseite vorgesehen sind, wobei bevorzugt mehrere verschiedene Arten von Stufenkernelementen mit trapezförmigen bzw. polygonalen Oberseiten mit unterschiedlichen Winkeln zwischen Vorderkante und Hinterkante der Oberseite und/oder gegebenenfalls mit unterschiedlichen Längen bzw. Breiten vorgesehen sind. Prinzipiell kann nur eine Art von rechteckigen Stufenkernen vorgesehen sein, aber aus Platzgründen kann es von Vorteil sein, mehrere Arten von Stufenkernen vorrätig zu halten, da insbesondere in den Wendelbereichen einer gewendelten Treppe Stufenkerne mit einer eher keilförmigen Oberseite sinnvoll sind.It is also a preferred feature that at least one type of step core element with a rectangular top side, at least one type of step core element with a trapezoidal top side and optionally at least one type of step core element with a polygonal top side are provided, with preferably several different types of step core elements with trapezoidal or polygonal top sides different angles between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the Top side and / or optionally with different lengths or widths are provided. In principle, only one type of rectangular step cores can be provided, but for reasons of space it can be advantageous to keep several types of step cores in stock, since step cores with a more wedge-shaped top side are particularly useful in the spiral areas of a spiral staircase.
Gemäß einem weiteren bevorzugten Merkmal ist es vorgesehen, dass die Vorsprünge und/oder Ausnehmungen zur Positionierung der Stufenkernelemente an gegengleichen Ausnehmungen und/oder Vorsprüngen der Stützbretter als parallel zur Vorderkante der Stufenkernelemente verlaufende Rippen bzw. Nuten ausgebildet sind. Mit Hilfe diese Rippen bzw Nuten ist es besonders einfach, die Stufenkerne auf den Stützbrettern zu positionieren. Im Anschluss an das Aufsetzen der Stufenkerne können diese in Längsrichtung der Rippen bzw. Nuten innerhalb der Führung in den Stützbrettern verschoben werden, ohne dass die korrekten Abmessungen der Schalung beeinflusst werden.According to a further preferred feature, it is provided that the projections and / or recesses for positioning the step core elements on opposing recesses and / or projections of the support boards are designed as ribs or grooves running parallel to the front edge of the step core elements. With the help of these ribs or grooves, it is particularly easy to position the step cores on the support boards. After placing the step cores, they can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the ribs or grooves within the guide in the support boards without affecting the correct dimensions of the formwork.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Merkmal ist es, dass mehrere Arten von Stirnseitenschalungselementen mit unterschiedlichen Höhen vorgesehen sind, um für unterschiedliche Stufenhöhen einsetzbar zu sein. Die Stirnseitenschalungselemente erfordern wenig Platz und es können damit unterschiedliche Plattenhöhen vorrätig gehalten werden. Beispielsweise können sich die unterschiedlichen Plattenhöhen jeweils ansteigend geringfügig um beispielsweise 1,2 oder 3 mm unterscheiden. Dadurch kann durch Einsatz einer unterschiedlichen Anzahl geringfügig höherer oder niedrigerer Stirnseitenschalungselemente jede gewünschte Treppenhöhe eingestellt werden. Stirnseitenschalungselemente eines bestimmten Typs können beispielsweise auch farblich oder schriftlich gekennzeichnet sein, um das Errichten der Schalung weiter zu vereinfachen. Die Stirnseitenschalungselemente können beim Errichten der Schalung beispielsweise mittels Magnethalterungen oder anderer reversibler Befestigungsmittel an den Seitenflächen der Stufenkernelemente fixiert werden.Another preferred feature is that several types of face formwork elements are provided with different heights in order to be used for different step heights. The face formwork elements require little space and different panel heights can be kept in stock. For example, the different plate heights can differ slightly increasing by, for example, 1.2 or 3 mm. As a result, any desired stair height can be set by using a different number of slightly higher or lower end face formwork elements. Face formwork elements of a certain type can, for example, also be marked in color or in writing in order to further simplify the erection of the formwork. The end face formwork elements can be fixed to the side surfaces of the step core elements when the formwork is being erected, for example by means of magnetic holders or other reversible fastening means.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es ein weiteres Merkmal, dass zur Begrenzung der Grundfläche an zumindest zwei benachbarten Seitenkanten der Grundfläche senkrechte Referenzwände vorgesehen sind, welche dem maßgenauen Positionieren der Stützbretthalteelemente und der seitlichen Schalwände dienen. Durch das Vorsehen von zwei festen Referenzwänden an der Grundfläche wird das Einmessen der Stützbretthalteelemente und der seitlichen Schalwände weiter vereinfacht. Um in einem Werk gewendelte Fertigteiltreppen in beiden Wendelrichtungen errichten zu können, können die beiden Referenzwände auch gespiegelt vorhanden sein. Dabei bildet eine durchgehende Rückwand beispielsweise die eine Referenzwand für zwei Grundflächen und eine normal dazu angeordnete Trennwand zwischen den beiden Grundflächen bildet die jeweils zweite Referenzwand. An der Grundfläche können auch vorgegebene Rastpositionen an definierten Abständen zu den Referenzwänden vorgesehen sein. An diesen Positionen können die Stützbretthalteelemente fixiert werden. Dadurch werden nur mehr die Angaben der passenden Rastpositionen benötigt und ein Einmessen der Stützbretthalteelemente kann entfallen, was den Aufbau der Schalung weiter beschleunigt.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is a Another feature that to delimit the base area on at least two adjacent side edges of the base area, vertical reference walls are provided, which are used for the dimensionally accurate positioning of the support board holding elements and the lateral formwork walls. The provision of two fixed reference walls on the base area further simplifies the measurement of the support board holding elements and the lateral formwork walls. In order to be able to erect spiral precast staircases in both spiral directions in a factory, the two reference walls can also be mirrored. In this case, a continuous rear wall forms, for example, one reference wall for two base areas, and a partition wall arranged normal thereto between the two base areas forms the respective second reference wall. Predefined latching positions at defined distances from the reference walls can also be provided on the base area. The support board holding elements can be fixed in these positions. As a result, only the details of the appropriate latching positions are required and the support board holding elements do not need to be measured, which further accelerates the construction of the formwork.
Dabei ist es ein weiteres bevorzugtes Merkmal, dass am Scheitelpunkt der beiden Referenzwände an der Oberseite ein Schwenkkran vorgesehen ist. Dies erlaubt ein einfaches Manipulieren der einzelnen Komponenten des Schalungssystems beim Errichten der Schalung.A further preferred feature here is that a slewing crane is provided at the apex of the two reference walls on the upper side. This allows simple manipulation of the individual components of the formwork system when erecting the formwork.
Zusätzlich ist es dabei ein bevorzugtes Merkmal, dass auf der Grundfläche zumindest ein Podest für die Positionierung der Stützbretthalteelemente für den höher gelegenen Teil der gewendelten Fertigteiltreppe vorgesehen ist. Je nachdem, wie flexibel der Arbeitsraum gestaltet werden soll, können auch fest montierte oder bewegliche Podeste vorgesehen sein, auf welchen die Stützbretthalteelemente für weiter oben gelegene Abschnitte der gewendelten Treppe positioniert werden. Unter dem höchstgelegenen Podest können Schubladen zur Verwahrung der Stufenkerne während des Schalungsumbaus vorgesehen sein.In addition, it is a preferred feature that at least one platform is provided on the base for the positioning of the support board holding elements for the higher part of the spiral precast staircase. Depending on how flexible the work space is to be designed, fixed or movable platforms can also be provided on which the support board holding elements for sections of the spiral staircase located further up are positioned. Under the highest pedestal, drawers can be provided to store the step cores during the formwork conversion.
Die Erfindung wird ferner durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schalung für gewendelte Fertigteiltreppen unter Verwendung eines oben beschriebenen Schalungssystems gelöst, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst:
- computergestütztes Erstellen eines Bauteilplans einer gewendelten Fertigteiltreppe unter Angabe der Geometrie der geplanten Treppe,
- computergestützte Berechnung der Aufstellposition der einzelnen Stützbretthalteelemente gegenüber einer an der Grundfläche vorgesehenen Referenz, wobei als Referenz vorzugsweise die Referenzwände herangezogen werden, oder computergestützte Berechnung der Aufstellposition der einzelnen Stützbretthalteelemente innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Rasters an der Grundfläche
- computergestützte Berechnung der Einstellung der einzelnen Stützbretthalteelemente hinsichtlich der Höhen- und Neigungseinstellung,
- computergestützte Erstellung von Schnittmustern für die Stützbretter und die seitlichen Schalwände,
- computergestützte Berechnung der Anzahl und gegebenenfalls Art der Stufenkernelemente und der Anzahl und Art der Stirnseitenschalungselemente,
- Herstellen der Stützbretter und seitlichen Schalwände auf Basis der erstellten Schnittmuster,
- Positionieren und Einstellen der Stützbretthalteelemente in die jeweils vorgegebene Höhe und Neigung sowie Position auf der Grundfläche, Einsetzen der zugeschnittenen Stützbretter in die Stützbretthalteelemente, Einsetzen der ausgewählten Stirnseitenschalungselemente in die Stufenkernelemente, Einsetzen der ausgewählten Stufenkernelemente an den entsprechenden ausgeschnittenen Positionen an der oberen Stirnseite der Stützbretter, Einmessen und Positionieren der seitlichen Schalwände an der Oberseite der positionierten Stufenkernelemente.
- computer-aided creation of a component plan of a spiral precast staircase specifying the geometry of the planned staircase,
- Computer-aided calculation of the set-up position of the individual support board holding elements compared to a reference provided on the base, the reference walls preferably being used as a reference, or computer-aided calculation of the set-up position of the individual support board holding elements within a predetermined grid on the base
- computer-aided calculation of the setting of the individual support board holding elements with regard to the height and inclination setting,
- computer-aided creation of patterns for the support boards and the lateral formwork walls,
- computer-aided calculation of the number and, if applicable, the type of step core elements and the number and type of face formwork elements,
- Production of the support boards and lateral formwork walls on the basis of the cutting patterns created,
- Positioning and setting of the support board holding elements in the respectively specified height and inclination as well as position on the base surface, inserting the cut support boards into the support board holding elements, inserting the selected face formwork elements into the step core elements, inserting the selected step core elements at the corresponding cut-out positions on the upper face of the support boards, Measure and position the lateral formwork walls on the top of the positioned step core elements.
Durch das beschriebene Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schalung wird die Zeit, die zum Errichten benötigt wird, ganz erheblich verkürzt. Zu Beginn werden die nötigen Bauplandaten der zu bildenden gewendelten Fertigteiltreppe in eine entsprechende Software eingegeben, mittels welcher dann die entsprechenden Berechnungen für das Schalungssystem durchgeführt werden. Dabei werden die Schnittmuster für die Stützbretter und die seitlichen Schalwände erstellt. Mit diesen Schnittmustern können die entsprechenden Komponenten dann automatisiert hergestellt, beispielsweise zugeschnitten werden, wodurch ebenfalls die Personalkosten und damit die Herstellungskosten der gewendelten Fertigteiltreppe gering gehalten werden. Ferner wird durch die Berechnung ein Plan für die Errichtung der Schalung erstellt, auf welchem die Position, die Höhen- und Neigungseinstellung der Stützbretthalteelemente, die Anzahl und gegebebenfalls Art der einzusetzenden Stufenkerne, die Anzahl und Art der Stirnseitenschalungselemente, sowie die Position der seitlichen Schalwände angegeben sind. Für die eigentliche Errichtung müssen folglich nur mehr die Positionierung der Stützbretthalteelemente und abschließend die Positionierung der seitlichen Schalwände gegenüber einer Referenz eingemessen werden. Bei Vorhandensein eines Rasters auf der Grundfläche kann sogar das Einmessen der Position der Stützbretthalteelemente entfallen bzw. vereinfacht werden. Alle anderen Schritte können sehr rasch und einfach aufgrund der vorgegebenen Einstellungen und Elemente modular zusammengefügt werden, wodurch die Gesamterrichtungszeit der Schalung drastisch verkürzt wird.The method described for producing a formwork significantly shortens the time required for erection. At the beginning, the necessary construction plan data for the spiral precast staircase to be formed are entered into appropriate software, which then makes the appropriate calculations for the Formwork system are carried out. The cutting patterns for the support boards and the side formwork walls are created. With these patterns, the corresponding components can then be produced automatically, for example cut to size, whereby the personnel costs and thus the production costs of the spiral precast staircase are also kept low. Furthermore, the calculation creates a plan for the construction of the formwork, on which the position, the height and inclination setting of the support board retaining elements, the number and, if applicable, the type of step cores to be used, the number and type of face formwork elements, as well as the position of the side formwork walls is indicated are. For the actual erection, only the positioning of the support board holding elements and finally the positioning of the lateral formwork walls have to be measured in relation to a reference. If a grid is present on the base area, even measuring the position of the support board holding elements can be omitted or simplified. All other steps can be put together very quickly and easily on the basis of the given settings and elements, which drastically shortens the overall construction time of the formwork.
Die Erfindung wird nun näher anhand der folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele sowie mit Hilfe der beiliegenden Figuren beschrieben. Dabei zeigen
-
Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein zusammengesetztes erfindungsgemäßes Schalungssystem, -
Fig. 2 eine schematische Detailansicht eines Stützbretts mit angeordneten Stufenkernelementen und Stirnseitenschalungselementen, -
Fig. 3 eine Detailschnittansicht eines Stufenkernelements angeordnet auf zwei Stützbrettern, -
Fig. 4 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer möglichen Ausführungsform eines Stützbretthalteelements, -
Fig. 5 eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Grundfläche mit Referenzwänden und -
Fig. 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Grundfläche mit darauf angeordnetem Schalungssystem
-
Fig. 1 a schematic plan view of an assembled formwork system according to the invention, -
Fig. 2 a schematic detailed view of a support board with arranged step core elements and face formwork elements, -
Fig. 3 a detailed sectional view of a step core element arranged on two support boards, -
Fig. 4 a schematic side view of a possible embodiment of a support board holding element, -
Fig. 5 a schematic plan view of a base area with reference walls and -
Fig. 6 a schematic side view of a base with a formwork system arranged on it
Bei der schematischen Draufsicht eines zusammengesetzten Schalungssystems gemäß der
Auf die entsprechenden Ausnehmungen 4 bzw. Vorsprünge der zugeschnittenen Stützbretter 3 werden die Stufenkernelemente 5,16,21 aufgesetzt. Beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel kamen drei Arten von Stufenkernelementen 5,16,21 zum Einsatz. Ein Stufenkernelement 5 mit einer rechteckigen Oberseite 6, ein Stufenkernelement 16 mit einer trapezförmigen Oberseite 6 und ein Stufenkernelement 21 mit einer polygonalen Oberseite 6.The
Vor dem Aufsetzen der Stufenkernelemente 5,16,21, werden noch die passenden Stirnseitenschalungselemente 9 eingesetzt und abschließend die ebenfalls automatisiert hergestellten seitlichen Schalungswände 10 aufgesetzt. Die seitlichen Schalungswände 10 werden wieder mit Hilfe der Referenzwände 18 eingemessen oder mit Hilfe von Schablonen positioniert. Derartige Schablonen, mittels welcher der Abstand zwischen einer Referenzwand und einer seitlichen Schalungswand 10 eingestellt werden kann, können ebenfalls aufgrund der computergenerierten Pläne hergestellt werden, so wie dies auch für die Seitenschalungswände 10 und die Stützbretter 3 der Fall ist. Es werden dadurch so gut wie keine Messschritte benötigt, um die Schalung weitgehend aus modularen bzw. automatisiert hergestellten Einzelelementen zusammenzufügen.Before the
In den
Die Stufenkernelemente 5 selbst sind vorzugsweise aus Metall gefertigt und weisen eine die Schalhaut bildende Oberseite 6 auf. Mit den an den Stufenkernelementen 5 angeformten Vorsprüngen 7 können diese leicht auf den Stützbrettern 3 positioniert werden, wobei die Stufenkerne 3 danach noch seitlich innerhalb der Ausnehmungen 4 der Stützbretter 3 verschoben werden können (siehe
An den an der Vorderkante 17 anschließenden vorderen Seitenflächen 8 der Stufenkernelemente 5 sind passende Stirnseitenschalungselemente 9 fixiert. Dies kann beispielsweise über Magnetverbindungsmittel bewerkstelligt werden. Die Stirnseitenschalungselemente 9 sind an ihrer Unterseite noch mit Profilen 22 versehen, um die fertige Schalung im Übergang zwischen den einzelnen Stufenkernelementen 5 abzudichten und um Abfasungen ausbilden zu können. Es können verschiedene Arten von Stirnseitenschalungselementen 9 mit unterschiedlichen Höhen vorrätig gehalten werden. Die Stirnseitenschalungselemente 9 können beispielsweise in gering unterschiedlichen Höhenabständen von beispielsweise 1 bis 3 mm vorrätig sein. Es wird dann je nach geplanter Angabe die passende Art von Stirnseitenschalungselementen 9 ausgewählt. Um hinsichtlich der Gesamthöhe der zu fertigenden Treppe flexibel zu sein, können auch Stirnseitenschalungselemente 9 mit unterschiedlichen Höhen im Wechsel zueinander eingesetzt werden, wodurch sich jede mögliche tatsächliche Gesamthöhe der Treppe abbilden lässt. Die Auswahl und Positionen der einzelnen Arten von Stirnseitenschalungselementen 9 ergeben sich wieder aus der computergestützten Planung und werden dabei natürlich auch beim Schnittmuster der Stützbretter 3 berücksichtigt.Matching end face
In
In den
In
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA50782/2019A AT522920A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Reusable modular formwork system for the production of precast spiral staircases as well as a method for the production of formwork for precast spiral staircases |
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DE102006021277A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | Georg Prinzing Gmbh & Co. Kg Betonformen- Und Maschinenfabrik | Concrete-finished stairs manufacturing method, involves providing stringer of concrete finished stairs at top, after filling formwork with jolted-concrete or liquid concrete or self-compacting concrete or fiber-reinforced polymer concrete |
CN108638304A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-10-12 | 霍邱县蓼创电子商务有限公司 | A kind of override type stair are with pouring mold |
CN109518954B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽省宏远建设项目管理有限公司 | Building templates strutting arrangement of angularly adjustable |
CN109518953B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-02-19 | 安徽天驰建工集团有限公司 | Stair template support device convenient to adjust |
CN109518955B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-12-15 | 博兴兴博城建投资集团有限公司 | Building templates strutting arrangement |
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2019
- 2019-09-06 AT ATA50782/2019A patent/AT522920A1/en unknown
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- 2020-09-04 EP EP20194530.0A patent/EP3789564B1/en active Active
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JPH08158644A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-06-18 | Komatsu Tokyo Kk | Form for staircase |
DE20311936U1 (en) | 2003-08-02 | 2003-10-09 | HOWAL GmbH Schalungsanlagen zur Herstellung von Beton-Elementen, 76275 Ettlingen | Stairs have a shell for the steps and a pre-made case that has vertical struts that are fixed to the ground, can be adjusted during building to form different tread heights |
ES2303400A1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2008-08-01 | Jose Ginestos Verdaguer | Modular formwork device for ladder (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
EP2808143A1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2014-12-03 | Franz Oberndorfer GmbH & Co KG | Formwork for the construction of a staircase |
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DK3789564T3 (en) | 2022-06-27 |
EP3789564B1 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
AT522920A1 (en) | 2021-03-15 |
PL3789564T3 (en) | 2022-07-25 |
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