EP3786986A1 - Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux fraction in the slightly magnetic core of a transformer - Google Patents
Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux fraction in the slightly magnetic core of a transformer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3786986A1 EP3786986A1 EP19194173.1A EP19194173A EP3786986A1 EP 3786986 A1 EP3786986 A1 EP 3786986A1 EP 19194173 A EP19194173 A EP 19194173A EP 3786986 A1 EP3786986 A1 EP 3786986A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- current
- current limiting
- magnetic core
- limiting choke
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
- H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
- H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for reducing a direct flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer.
- a direct current feed also referred to as a DC component
- GIC geomagnetically induced currents
- Geomagnetically induced currents occur approximately in ten-year cycles. They are distributed evenly over all (three) phases, can reach up to 30 A per phase and flow off via the neutral point of a transformer. This leads to a high saturation of the core of the transformer in a half cycle and therefore a high excitation current in a half cycle. This additional excitation has a strong harmonic component and this is caused by the stray field with harmonic content causes eddy current losses in the windings and iron parts of the transformer.
- an electrical voltage induced in a compensation winding is used and used to compensate for the disturbing magnetic direct flux component by connecting a thyristor switch in series with a current limiting choke in order to introduce the compensation current into the compensation winding.
- This solution works well for direct currents to be balanced in a range that is an order of magnitude smaller than geomagnetically induced currents, i.e. in the range below 10 A.
- geomagnetically induced currents one would have to go to the medium voltage level, i.e. in the range of around 5 or 8 kV, and use powerful thyristors. Due to the high power dissipation of such thyristors, separate cooling would have to be provided for the thyristors, so that this solution would then not be economical.
- direct current is introduced into a compensation winding CW in order to cancel the direct current magnetization of the transformer core.
- the alternating voltage induced in the compensation winding CW is used to introduce the necessary magnetic flux (the so-called direct current ampere turns) into the compensation winding CW; the compensation winding 1 acts like an ideal alternating voltage source.
- a diode D1 is connected to the compensation winding CW in series with a current limiting choke L, by means of which the voltage induced in the compensation voltage CW is rectified.
- the direct current obtained in this way is indirectly proportional to the effective inductance I DC ⁇ 1 / L of the current limiting choke.
- this is constructed from partial inductances L1, L2, L3, L4 which can be switched by means of semiconductor switches S 1, S2,... Sn and therefore has an adjustable inductance.
- the direct current can therefore be changed in N equal partial steps (increments).
- a transractor is understood to mean the combination of transductor and choke.
- the transractor only has to provide the Nth part of the direct current and can be made much more compact than the solution according to the AT 519 338 A1 the case is.
- Another essential advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the current pulses generated by means of the current limiting inductor L and diode D1 only have the fundamental harmonic and a direct current mean value.
- the partial inductances L1, L2, L3, L4 can be implemented, for example, by taps in the winding of a choke or by separate partial chokes.
- the construction output of the transractor is comparatively low, it can be implemented with inexpensive standard components.
- the size of the converter for acting on the secondary side of the transractor can also be reduced. It is therefore also possible to get by without a control transformer for voltage compensation on the secondary side, whereby the space requirement of the solution according to the invention is further reduced.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a controllable resistor ES, which instead of a transractor is connected in parallel to the current limiting inductor L for the stepless adjustment of the direct current.
- the power loss occurring at the controllable resistor ES can be neglected, since only the Nth part of the direct current has to be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Verringerung eines Gleichfluss-Anteils im weichmagnetischen Kern eines Transformators, mit einer Kompensationswicklung (CW), die mit dem Kern des Transformators magnetisch gekoppelt ist, einem Stromzweig mit einer Diode (D1) und einer in Serie dazu geschalteten Strombegrenzungsdrossel (L), wobei die Strombegrenzungsdrossel (L) eine mittels Schalter (S1, S2, S3, ... SN) einstellbare Induktivität aufweist.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for reducing a direct flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer, with a compensation winding (CW) which is magnetically coupled to the core of the transformer, a current branch with a diode (D1) and a current-limiting choke ( L), the current limiting choke (L) having an inductance that can be set by means of switches (S1, S2, S3, ... SN).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Verringerung eines Gleichfluss-Anteils im weichmagnetischen Kern eines Transformators.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for reducing a direct flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer.
Bei elektrischen Transformatoren, wie sie in Energieverteilungsnetzen eingesetzt werden, kann es zu einer unerwünschten Einspeisung eines Gleichstroms in die Primärwicklung oder Sekundärwicklung kommen. Eine solche Gleichstromeinspeisung, auch als DC-Anteil bezeichnet, kann beispielsweise von elektronischen Baukomponenten herrühren, wie sie heutzutage bei der Ansteuerung von elektrischen Antrieben oder auch bei der Blindleistungskompensation verwendet werden. Eine andere Ursache können sogenannte geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme (englisch "Geomagnetically Induced Currents", GIC) sein.In the case of electrical transformers such as those used in power distribution networks, an undesired feed of direct current into the primary winding or secondary winding can occur. Such a direct current feed, also referred to as a DC component, can originate, for example, from electronic components such as are used nowadays for controlling electrical drives or for reactive power compensation. Another cause can be so-called geomagnetically induced currents (GIC).
Aufgrund von Sonnenwinden wird das Erdmagnetfeld verändert und damit werden an Leiterschleifen an der Erdoberfläche sehr niederfrequente Spannungen induziert. Bei langen elektrischen Energieübertragungsleitungen kann die induzierte Spannung relativ große niederfrequente Ströme (Quasi-Gleichströme) bewirken. Geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme treten ungefähr in Zehnjahreszyklen auf. Sie verteilen sich gleichmäßig auf alle (drei) Phasen, können pro Phase bis zu 30 A erreichen und fließen über den Sternpunkt eines Transformators ab. Dies führt zu einer starken Sättigung des Kerns des Transformators in einem Halbzyklus und daher zu einem starken Erregerstrom in einem Halbzyklus. Diese zusätzliche Erregung hat einen starken Oberwellenanteil und dadurch werden durch das Streufeld mit Oberwellenanteil Wirbelstromverluste in Wicklungen und Eisenteilen des Transformators verursacht. Dies kann zu lokaler Überhitzung im Transformator führen. Weiters kommt es durch den starken Erregungsbedarf zu einem hohen Blindleistungsverbrauch und Spannungsabfall. Gemeinsam kann dies zur Instabilität des Energieübertragungsnetzes führen. Stark vereinfacht gesprochen verhält sich der Transformator in einer Halbwelle wie eine Drossel.Due to solar winds, the earth's magnetic field is changed and thus very low-frequency voltages are induced on conductor loops on the earth's surface. In the case of long electrical power transmission lines, the induced voltage can cause relatively large low-frequency currents (quasi-direct currents). Geomagnetically induced currents occur approximately in ten-year cycles. They are distributed evenly over all (three) phases, can reach up to 30 A per phase and flow off via the neutral point of a transformer. This leads to a high saturation of the core of the transformer in a half cycle and therefore a high excitation current in a half cycle. This additional excitation has a strong harmonic component and this is caused by the stray field with harmonic content causes eddy current losses in the windings and iron parts of the transformer. This can lead to local overheating in the transformer. Furthermore, the high demand for excitation leads to a high consumption of reactive power and a voltage drop. Together, this can lead to instability of the energy transmission network. To put it simply, the transformer behaves like a choke in a half-wave.
Manche Energieübertragungsunternehmen verlangen daher in der Spezifikation von Transformatoren bereits 100 A Gleichstrom für den Sternpunkt des Transformators.Some power transmission companies therefore require 100 A direct current for the transformer's neutral point in the transformer specification.
Gemäß der
Eine andere Lösung für geomagnetisch induzierte Ströme stellt der sogenannte DC Blocker dar, bei dem im Prinzip ein Kondensator in den Sternpunkt des Transformators geschaltet wird. Diese Lösung ist problematisch, weil durch das Aufladen des Kondensators eine Verlagerungsspannung entsteht. Darüber hinaus ist die Verlagerungsspannung am Kondensator begrenzt, sodass in der Regel nicht der gesamte Gleichstrom geblockt werden kann. Problematisch ist diese Lösung auch, wenn es zu einem Kurzschluss im Übertragungsnetz und daher zu Nullströmen kommt.Another solution for geomagnetically induced currents is the so-called DC blocker, in which, in principle, a capacitor is connected to the neutral point of the transformer. This solution is problematic because the charging of the capacitor creates a displacement voltage. In addition, the zero sequence voltage across the capacitor is limited, so that usually not all of the direct current can be blocked. This solution is also problematic when it comes to one Short circuit in the transmission network and therefore zero currents.
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, den Stand d er Technik weiterzuentwickeln.It is an object of the present invention to further develop the state of the art.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Figuren näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to figures.
Es zeigen beispielhaft:
-
Fig. 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung mit Transraktor und -
Fig.2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit steuerbarem Widerstand.
-
Fig. 1 an embodiment of the solution according to the invention with transractor and -
Fig. 2 an embodiment with a controllable resistor.
Bei der sogenannten Gleichstrom-Kompensation wird gezielt Gleichstrom in eine Kompensationswicklung CW eingebracht, um die Gleichstrommagnetisierung des Transformatorkerns aufzuheben. Zum Einbringen der notwendigen magnetischen Durchflutung (der sogenannten Gleichstrom-Amperewindungen) in die Kompensationswicklung CW macht man sich die in der Kompensationswicklung CW induzierte Wechselspannung zunutze, die Kompensationswicklung 1 wirkt wie eine ideale Wechselspannungsquelle.In the so-called direct current compensation, direct current is introduced into a compensation winding CW in order to cancel the direct current magnetization of the transformer core. The alternating voltage induced in the compensation winding CW is used to introduce the necessary magnetic flux (the so-called direct current ampere turns) into the compensation winding CW; the compensation winding 1 acts like an ideal alternating voltage source.
An die Kompensationswicklung CW ist eine Diode D1 in Serie mit einer Strombegrenzungsdrossel L geschaltet, mittels welchen die in der Kompensationsspannung CW induzierte Spannung gleichgerichtet wird.A diode D1 is connected to the compensation winding CW in series with a current limiting choke L, by means of which the voltage induced in the compensation voltage CW is rectified.
Der so gewonnene Gleichstrom ist indirekt proportional zur wirksamen Induktivität IDC ∼ 1/L der Strombegrenzungsdrossel. Diese ist erfindungsgemäß aus mittels Halbleiterschaltern S1, S2,... Sn schaltbaren Teilinduktivitäten L1,L2,L3,L4 aufgebaut und weist daher eine einstellbare Induktivität auf. Durch Zu- und Wegschalten von beispielsweise N Teilinduktivitäten kann daher der Gleichstrom in N gleichen Teilschritten (Inkrementen) verändert werden.The direct current obtained in this way is indirectly proportional to the effective inductance I DC ∼ 1 / L of the current limiting choke. According to the invention, this is constructed from partial inductances L1, L2, L3, L4 which can be switched by means of semiconductor switches S 1, S2,... Sn and therefore has an adjustable inductance. By connecting and disconnecting, for example, N partial inductances, the direct current can therefore be changed in N equal partial steps (increments).
Durch einen zur Strombegrenzungsdrossel L parallel geschalteten Transraktor T, wie er beispielsweise aus der
Gemäß dieser Schrift wird unter einem Transraktor die Kombination von Transduktor und Drossel verstanden.According to this document, a transractor is understood to mean the combination of transductor and choke.
Dabei muss der Transraktor nur den N-ten Teil des Gleichstromes stellen und kann wesentlich kompakter gestaltet werden, als dies bei der Lösung nach der
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, dass die mittels Strombegrenzungsdrossel L und Diode D1 erzeugten Strompulse nur die Grundharmonische und einen Gleichstrommittelwert aufweisen.Another essential advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the current pulses generated by means of the current limiting inductor L and diode D1 only have the fundamental harmonic and a direct current mean value.
Es entstehen keine weiteren Oberwellen, welche die Wirbelstromverluste beträchtlich erhöhen könnten. Nur der kleine Resttransraktor-Strom zur stufenlosen Steuerung des Gleichstrom-Werts weist höhere harmonische Anteile auf, welche aber wegen der vergleichsweise geringen Stromstärke keine wesentliche Rolle spielen.There are no further harmonics that could considerably increase the eddy current losses. Only the small residual transformer current for the stepless control of the direct current value has higher harmonic components, which, however, do not play an essential role because of the comparatively low current strength.
Die Teilinduktivitäten L1, L2, L3, L4 können z.B durch Anzapfungen in der Wicklung einer Drossel oder durch getrennte Teildrosseln realisiert werden.The partial inductances L1, L2, L3, L4 can be implemented, for example, by taps in the winding of a choke or by separate partial chokes.
Da die Bauleistung des Transraktors vergleichsweise gering ist, kann dieser mit günstigen Standardbauteilen realisiert werden. Überdies ist auch die Baugröße des Umrichters zur Beaufschlagung der Sekundärseite des Transraktors reduzierbar. Daher ist es auch möglich, ohne Steuertrafo für Spannungskompensation an der Sekundärseite auszukommen, wodurch der Platzbedarf der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung weiter reduziert wird.Since the construction output of the transractor is comparatively low, it can be implemented with inexpensive standard components. In addition, the size of the converter for acting on the secondary side of the transractor can also be reduced. It is therefore also possible to get by without a control transformer for voltage compensation on the secondary side, whereby the space requirement of the solution according to the invention is further reduced.
Wie in
Der Vorteil dieser Lösung liegt in der einfachen Realisierungsmöglichkeit, beispielsweise mittels Feldeffekttransistor (FET) sowie in dem vergleichsweise geringen Platzbedarf.The advantage of this solution lies in the simple implementation possibility, for example by means of a field effect transistor (FET), and in the comparatively small space requirement.
Die an dem steuerbaren Widerstand ES auftretende Verlustleistung kann vernachlässigt werden, da ja nur der den N-te Teil des Gleichstromes gestellt werden muß.The power loss occurring at the controllable resistor ES can be neglected, since only the Nth part of the direct current has to be provided.
- CWCW
- KompensationswicklungCompensation winding
- LL.
- StrombegrenzungsdrosselCurrent limiting reactor
- D1D1
- Diodediode
- TT
- TransraktorTransractor
- S1, S2, S3, S4S1, S2, S3, S4
- HalbleiterschalterSemiconductor switch
- L1, L2, L3, L4L1, L2, L3, L4
- TeilinduktivitätenPartial inductances
- ESIT
- Steuerbarer WiderstandControllable resistance
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP19194173.1A EP3786986B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP19194173.1A EP3786986B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3786986A1 true EP3786986A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
EP3786986B1 EP3786986B1 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
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EP19194173.1A Active EP3786986B1 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3786987B1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-07-20 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Device for suppressing a direct current component during the operation of an electrical appliance connected to a high-voltage network |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2723767A1 (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-11-30 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | AC welding current source - with on off thyristors for coarse and current slicing thyristors for fine control |
DE4021860A1 (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-01-16 | Siemens Ag | Reduction of transformer noise - is obtained by second winding with compensating current generation |
WO2012041368A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | Siemens Transformers Austria Gmbh & Co Kg | Device and method for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux fraction in the core of a transformer |
EP3080821A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2016-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer |
EP3196902A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux fraction in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
AT519338A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Circuit arrangement for reducing a DC component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3783630B1 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2023-10-04 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Device for suppressing a direct current component during the operation of an electrical appliance connected to a high-voltage network |
-
2019
- 2019-08-28 EP EP19194173.1A patent/EP3786986B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2723767A1 (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-11-30 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | AC welding current source - with on off thyristors for coarse and current slicing thyristors for fine control |
DE4021860A1 (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-01-16 | Siemens Ag | Reduction of transformer noise - is obtained by second winding with compensating current generation |
WO2012041368A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-05 | Siemens Transformers Austria Gmbh & Co Kg | Device and method for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux fraction in the core of a transformer |
EP3080821A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2016-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for reducing a magnetic unidirectional flux component in the core of a transformer |
EP3196902A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit assembly for the reduction of a unidirectional flux fraction in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
AT519338A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-15 | Siemens Ag | Circuit arrangement for reducing a DC component in the soft magnetic core of a transformer |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3786987B1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-07-20 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Device for suppressing a direct current component during the operation of an electrical appliance connected to a high-voltage network |
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