EP3782822B1 - Microstructured transparent security element - Google Patents
Microstructured transparent security element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3782822B1 EP3782822B1 EP20192227.5A EP20192227A EP3782822B1 EP 3782822 B1 EP3782822 B1 EP 3782822B1 EP 20192227 A EP20192227 A EP 20192227A EP 3782822 B1 EP3782822 B1 EP 3782822B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- display
- structural elements
- security element
- security
- subpixels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/342—Moiré effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/346—Perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
- B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
- G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
- G07D7/207—Matching patterns that are created by the interaction of two or more layers, e.g. moiré patterns
Definitions
- the invention relates to a security element for use in a security document and a method for producing a security element for use in a security document.
- the invention also relates to a security document, a method for producing a security document and a method for checking the authenticity of a security document.
- a method in which a colored portrait is produced by laser inscription in that a colored pre-print consisting of alternating primary or basic colors R, G, B, (C, M, Y) and additional white areas is locally blackened in a targeted manner by pulsed laser radiation and is provided with shades of gray so that the remaining unblackened color areas convey a colored impression. Since the laser effect blackens the affected areas, a light pre-print with a neutral color effect and white spaces is required so that the overall image does not become too dark.
- This will be in the document U.S. 2013/0328995 A1 achieved in that transparent regions are arranged between the colored areas, in particular between individual pixels, which appear white due to the underlying layer.
- a disadvantage of the variants mentioned is the low color saturation, which results from the required white areas and/or the relatively light preprint.
- the known methods require a light preprint with a proportion of white that prevents good color saturation and considerably restricts the achievable color space, so that the results do not achieve the quality of a printed representation.
- the colored form and the laser-blackened areas are two-dimensional layers in the material. It is not possible to examine the laser marking and the form separately. That is why it is difficult or impossible to do without further aids possible to distinguish a pre-print personalized by laser marking from a fully printed portrait, which, printed with the same layout, is located under a transparent cover film.
- Light control films, or louvre films have a plurality of parallel grooves formed in light-absorbing material such that, depending on the orientation of the grooves, spacing, and geometry of the films, maximum light transmission occurs at a predetermined angle, or image blanking or image obscuration occurs at certain angles .
- the film appears substantially transparent from a first viewing angle and dark from a second viewing angle.
- the document DE 10 2011 084 819 A1 discloses a method for verifying a security document with a stored second pattern using a display device, a first pattern being displayed on the display surface for verification.
- the document DE 10 2011 084 818 A1 describes a method for verifying a security document, the security document comprising a visual barrier and for verification at least two images of the security document in front of the display device, on the display surface of which a graphic representation is displayed, are recorded for at least two different viewing geometry directions.
- the document U.S. 2011/187747 A1 describes in the context of hidden images a method in which a first image and a second image are obtained, the first and second images together providing a hidden image and a decoder such that a hidden image is decoded by the decoder when the first image and the second image are superimposed in at least one decoding position.
- the first image is printed onto a light transmissive substrate to produce a printed substrate.
- the second image is displayed on an electronic display and the printed substrate is overlaid at a decoding position relative to the display to decode the latent image.
- a security item with a disclosure screen and a combined image and a set with a security item and another object contains the disclosure screen or the combined image and the object includes or forms the other of the disclosure screen and the combined image.
- the combined image contains multiple overlapping images.
- the combined image includes a periodic alternation of overlapping pixels in a first direction.
- the disclosure screen includes a masking screen element that periodically alternates with a non-masking screen element in a second direction.
- the size of the non-masking screen elements in the second direction is greater than the size in the first direction of at least one element of overlapping images, the disclosure screen allowing different disclosed images to be viewed by moving the disclosure screen relative to the combined image and/or by changing the viewing angle to observe.
- the document U.S. 2017 / 113481 A1 describes methods and apparatus for generating overlay shape images by overlaid base and revealing layers of lenslet gratings.
- the overlay shape images produce a message recognizable by a viewer or an image capture and computing device such as a smartphone.
- the overlay shape images can be generated by different overlay techniques ranging from 1D moire, 2D moire and level line moire overlay techniques to lenticular image and phase shift overlay techniques.
- FR 2 961 621 A1 discloses a method for authenticating and/or identifying a security article that includes a first image.
- the first image of the article is at least partially overlaid with a second image generated by an electronic imager.
- a relative movement is performed between the first and the second image in order to enable information relating to the authentication and/or identification of the security article to be observed during the relative movement between the first and the second image.
- a security element is also understood in connection with the present invention to mean a structural unit which comprises at least one security feature.
- Security elements are used to protect security documents, which also include documents of value, against forgery or copying.
- a security feature can be an independent structural unit that can be connected, for example glued, to a security document, which can also be a document of value. However, it can also be an integral part of a security document.
- a security feature is a structure that can only be produced or reproduced without authorization with increased effort compared to simple copying or not at all.
- Security documents typically have a substrate, a printing layer and optionally a transparent cover layer.
- a substrate is a supporting structure onto which the printed layer with information, images, patterns and the like is applied. Materials that can be used for a substrate include all conventional materials based on paper and/or plastic. Examples of security documents are ID cards, passports, driver's licenses, ID cards, access control ID cards, visas, revenue stamps, tickets, vehicle documents, banknotes, cheques, postage stamps, credit cards, any chip cards and adhesive labels.
- the security element for use in a security document has a top and a bottom. It includes a window area that is at least partially transparent to visible light.
- the window area includes features with dimensions less than 200 micrometers (200 ⁇ m).
- the structural elements are arranged and designed in such a way that a colored image on the upper side is only visible when the underside is illuminated by means of a display or an indicator.
- the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of coloring subpixels of an LCD display and/or a TFT display and/or a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen.
- the structural elements are produced by laser processing.
- the colored image is generated by the size and the arrangement of the structural elements which, when viewing the security element in the direction of its top, cover certain subpixels of the display arranged on the underside when the display is arranged on the underside.
- the colored image can be an image, in particular an individualized, for example a personalized, image.
- the image can be, for example, an image, preferably a portrait.
- the security element does not show a colored image.
- the structural elements are barely visible and preferably colorless. Only as a result of backlighting or illumination of the underside with a display is a colored image visible on the upper side due to the arrangement and design of the structural elements in the window.
- a security document comprising a security element
- the structure created by the structural elements is recognizable as such, but preferably only with difficulty, and in particular does not show a colored image. Since a colored image only becomes visible through interaction with a display, the security element is not fully recognizable as such and can hardly be copied or only with considerable effort. The security element thus has a particularly above-average protection against counterfeiting.
- the structural elements can have dimensions between 5 micrometers (5 ⁇ m) and 100 micrometers (100 ⁇ m).
- the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of the color-giving subpixels of a specific display, for example LCD displays (LCD - liquid crystal display, liquid crystal display) and/or a TFT display (TFT - thin-film transistor, thin-film transistor).
- the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of the coloring sub-pixels of a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen.
- the structural elements can be arranged and configured in such a way that a colored portrait is visible on the upper side when the underside is illuminated by means of a display.
- the structural elements in the window area form structures with which for different displays, i.e. displays with differing periodicities of the coloring subpixels, an easily perceptible color information is generated.
- the structural elements can have dimensions that, for a specified range of the periodicity of the coloring sub-pixels of a display, preferably specified in ppi, when the underside is illuminated by means of a display whose coloring sub-pixels have a periodicity within the specified range, a colored image the top is visible, for example an individualized colored image that can be personalised.
- a specified range of the periodicity of the coloring sub-pixels of a display preferably specified in ppi
- a colored image the top is visible, for example an individualized colored image that can be personalised.
- the security element can thus also be verified in particular in connection with a display with a higher resolution.
- the structure elements can form at least one structure which has a periodicity which has a greatest common divisor with a plurality of fixed periodicities of the coloring subpixels of different displays.
- the display periodicities can be matched to the periodicity of the introduced structure to such an extent that the desired Color information or the colored image is recognizable.
- the consideration of the greatest common divisor and the consideration of the beat effects can also be used in combination.
- different periodicities of the structural elements are arranged in different orientations, with the periodicity of the structural elements in a specific orientation being matched to the dimensions and/or periodicity of the subpixels of a specific display.
- the structural elements with different or deviating periodicity are at an angle to one another. By rotating the plane containing the structural elements, it is possible to match the specified periodicities of the coloring sub-pixels of a specific display.
- the structural elements are advantageously configured as blackening and/or as material removal, for example as perforations, and/or as bores.
- laser radiation makes it possible to produce blackening in the material and/or to change the material structures by ablation or perforation.
- Other structuring methods, for example microprinting, for modifying the transparent window are also possible.
- a microstructure produced by structural elements is preferably colorless without illumination by means of a display.
- the microstructure generated by laser processing can therefore be recognized as such, but is colorless without a light-emitting display behind it. Once a structure has been introduced, it cannot be copied or changed.
- the color pixels of the display can be controlled by an application (app), for example.
- an application for example.
- the window area comprises a light control film with a large number of parallel grooves.
- a light control film or lamella film such as in DE 10 2012 109 064 A1 described, arise parallax barriers, which can be used to generate a 3D effect.
- the structural elements can be arranged on at least one surface, ie the upper side or the lower side, of the window area or in the interior or within the security element.
- the structural elements can be in the form of depressions, elevations or cavities. It is also possible for the structural elements to differ from the material of the security element with regard to their optical and/or mechanical and/or chemical properties. In other words, the structural elements can have optical, mechanical or chemical properties that differ from the material of the security element.
- the variants mentioned can be combined with one another as desired. They have the advantage that they can be produced comparatively easily and inexpensively and at the same time significantly improve protection against counterfeiting.
- the individual structural elements can have a length and/or a width and/or a depth or a height and/or a distance between adjacent structural elements of less than 100 micrometers, for example between 100 nanometers and 100 micrometers.
- Dimensions in terms of length and/or width and/or distance between 5 micrometers and 30 micrometers and depths between 0.5 micrometers and 20 micrometers are advantageous because they require special manufacturing processes, such as material processing with ultra-short laser pulses, and the structure is not immediately recognizable.
- the dimensions of length, width, depth and/or distance can assume different values from one another.
- the structural elements can be designed as bores, ie as depressions with a circular cross section, for example as micro- or nano-laser bores. These have the advantage that they can be manufactured comparatively easily with ultra-short laser pulses.
- the security element can be designed for a specific security document or for a specific type of security document with specific security information.
- the structure and the colored image that can be generated with it can contain security information for the specific security document.
- an individualizing structure can be applied, thereby further improving protection against forgery.
- a microstructure in a transparent window of an identity document can show a personalized image, for example a portrait of the owner of the identity document, when illuminated by a display.
- the security element can comprise an at least partially transparent material and/or polycarbonate and/or glass.
- the security element can be completely or partially transparent, in particular transparent to visible light.
- the security document includes a window area with a previously described security element.
- the security document is preferably made up of a number of layers, with at least one layer comprising a previously described security element.
- the security document has the already mentioned advantages of the proposed security element.
- the security document can in particular comprise layers connected to one another by lamination.
- the layers can be, for example, a substrate, a printed layer containing security-related information, and a cover layer, with the printed layer being arranged between the substrate and the cover layer. At least one of the layers preferably comprises a security element.
- the method for producing a security element for use in a security document is characterized in that an at least partially transparent material for the window area is provided with structural elements with dimensions of less than 200 micrometers (200 ⁇ m) by means of laser processing, the structural elements being arranged and designed in this way are that when the underside is illuminated by means of a display, a colored image is visible on the upper side, in particular an individualized colored image, which can be a personalized image.
- the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of coloring subpixels of an LCD display and/or a TFT display and/or a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen.
- structural elements with dimensions in the range between 5 micrometers (5 ⁇ m) and 30 micrometers (30 ⁇ m) can be applied to the material of the security element or introduced into the material of the security element.
- a security element as described above can be produced by means of the method. The method has the advantage that it enables a security element to be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner, which has a high level of protection against copying and counterfeiting.
- the structural elements can also be produced by microprinting.
- the structural elements can be produced on at least one surface of the at least partially transparent material by removing material.
- they can Structural elements are generated on or in at least one surface, ie the upper side or the underside, of the at least partially transparent security element in the form of elevations and/or depressions.
- the structural elements can be produced in the interior or within the at least partially transparent security element in the form of cavities
- the security element can be produced at least partially from a film that is at least partially transparent to visible light.
- indentations can be produced in at least one surface of the film, in particular by removing material.
- laser bores in the micrometer range and/or nanometer range are introduced into at least one surface of the security element.
- These can have a diameter between 100 nanometers (100 nm) and 100 micrometers (100 ⁇ m), for example between 5 micrometers and 30 micrometers, and/or a depth between 100 nanometers (100 nm) and 100 micrometers (100 ⁇ m), for example between 500 nanometers and 20 micrometers.
- the partially transparent material can be provided with features with dimensions between 5 micrometers (5 ⁇ m) and 100 micrometers (100 ⁇ m).
- Local foaming and/or high-resolution 3D printing technology for example by means of two-photon polymerisation, can be used, if necessary additionally, to produce structural elements in the form of elevations.
- the structural elements are advantageously generated using ultrashort laser pulses, for example with a pulse duration of less than 10 picoseconds (10 ps), in particular less than 1 picosecond (1 ps) or less than 500 femtoseconds (500 fs).
- ultra-short laser pulses enables precise manufacturing and efficient generation of the structural elements.
- thermal or mechanical damage to the structural element during processing is minimized or avoided by ultra-short laser pulses.
- almost melt-free processing with high precision is possible.
- Ultrashort laser pulses make it possible to provide the surface or the preferably transparent cover layer above a personalized layer of a security document with a structure depicting the second representation, with the dimensions of the structural elements being in the micrometer or nanometer range.
- the material is preferably moved relative to the focused laser beam or scanned by the focused laser beam using movable mirrors. Due to the short interaction time of the ultra-short laser pulses with the material, the material removal does not cause any color change in the material and the elements of the structure are colorless and preferably consist of microbores.
- the method for producing a security document in particular a security document, relates to a security element which is made up of a number of layers.
- a security element which is made up of a number of layers.
- at least one layer of this number of layers mentioned is produced from a security element or from a security element produced according to the method described above.
- the at least one layer is connected to a number of further layers, for example glued or laminated, so that the security document has an at least partially transparent window area with a structure created by the structural elements.
- the method described above for producing a security element can be part of the method for producing the security document.
- the structural elements can be produced on or in the security element after at least one layer for the security element has been connected to a number of other layers. In this way it can be possible to arrange the structural elements on or in the security element after the security element is no longer directly accessible without damaging or destroying the security element and/or the security document.
- the window area of the security document is illuminated on its underside by means of a display and viewed on its upper side.
- a colored image for example a portrait of the document owner, becomes visible as a result of the lighting on the upper side.
- the periodicity of the subpixels of the display can be matched to a periodicity of the introduced structure to such an extent that the colored image becomes visible on the upper side. This makes it possible to use different displays with different periodicity of the subpixels. In other words, the colored image can be generated with different displays with different resolutions and the authenticity of the security document can thus be checked.
- the structure of the security element can be designed in such a way that it can be recognized as a frosted surface when viewed from a defined angle or angle range. at When viewed perpendicularly to the surface, the structure is preferably not visible to the naked eye. The structure can be seen under a microscope.
- the 1 shows a schematic of a security element 1 and a display 10 arranged underneath.
- the structural elements 2 have dimensions in the micrometer range, specifically less than 200 micrometers.
- the security element 1 has an upper side 4 and an underside 5 .
- the display 10 is arranged on the underside 5, for example applied to the security element 1, and illuminates the security element 1 from the underside 5.
- the display 10 comprises a large number of coloring subpixels 11.
- the structural elements 2 of the security element 1 are arranged in such a way that when the bottom 5 of the security element 1 is illuminated by means of a display 10, a colored image, for example a portrait, is visible on the top 4 of the security element 1.
- the colored image is generated in connection with the display 10 by the size and the arrangement of the structural elements 2, which cover certain subpixels 11 of the display 10 arranged on the underside 5 when the security element 1 is viewed in the direction of its top side 4.
- the colored image can also be modified by appropriately controlling the display 10 or the corresponding coloring subpixels 11 .
- the periodicity of the coloring subpixels 11 can be matched to a periodicity of a structure produced by the structure elements 2 or adapted to it.
- the display 10 can be a display of a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a notebook, etc.
- the structural elements can be created by laser processing and/or microprinting. They can be created by blackening or material removal, for example laser drilling.
- the 2 shows schematically a security document 20.
- the security document 20 has a top 14 and a bottom 15 and includes a related to the 1 described security element 1.
- the security document 20 comprises an area transparent to visible light, preferably a window area 16, in which the security element 1 is arranged or which is at least partially formed by the security element 1.
- the security element 1 can consist exclusively of the window area or be designed in the form of one of several layers 3 .
- the layer 3 forming or encompassing the security element 1 can be firmly connected to further layers 3, for example by lamination. In this way, a security document 20 made up of several layers can be equipped with a security element 1 .
- the security document 20 can be, for example, an identity document, in particular a passport, an identity card, a driver's license, etc.
- the security document 20 has significantly improved security against forgery, since the structural elements 2 themselves are hardly visible and in particular it cannot be seen from the structural elements 2 or the structure alone which colored image they produce when illuminated by a display 10 .
- the authenticity of the security document 20 can also be checked very easily and without additional aids with the aid of a display 10 .
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement zur Verwendung für ein Sicherheitsdokument und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements zur Verwendung für ein Sicherheitsdokument. Die Erfindung betrifft zudem ein Sicherheitsdokument, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokuments und ein Verfahren zum Prüfen der Echtheit eines Sicherheitsdokuments.The invention relates to a security element for use in a security document and a method for producing a security element for use in a security document. The invention also relates to a security document, a method for producing a security document and a method for checking the authenticity of a security document.
Zur Steigerung der Fälschungssicherheit von Sicherheitsdokumenten, insbesondere auch Wertdokumenten, werden unterschiedliche Merkmale und Verfahren verwendet, die eine Nachbildung oder Verfremdung erschweren oder verhindern. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Darstellung oder das Portrait eines Dokumenteninhabers. Dabei hat sich die Laserbeschriftung als vorteilhaft erwiesen, da dieses Verfahren eine Personalisierung innerhalb des laminierten Verbundes erlaubt. Durch die Laserbeschriftung wird üblicherweise ein Graustufenbild erzeugt.In order to increase the protection against counterfeiting of security documents, in particular documents of value, different features and methods are used which make copying or tampering difficult or prevent it. This applies in particular to the depiction or portrait of a document holder. Laser inscription has proven to be advantageous because this process allows personalization within the laminated assembly. A greyscale image is usually generated by laser inscription.
Aus dem Dokument
Die bekannten Verfahren benötigen, wie oben beschrieben, einen hellen Vordruck mit einem Weißanteil, der eine gute Farbsättigung verhindert und den erreichbaren Farbraum erheblich einschränkt, so dass die Ergebnisse nicht die Qualität einer gedruckten Darstellung erreichen. Der farbige Vordruck und die lasergeschwärzten Bereiche befinden sich als zweidimensionale Ebenen im Material. Eine getrennte Betrachtung der Lasermarkierung und des Vordruckes ist nicht möglich. Deshalb ist es ohne weitere Hilfsmittel nicht oder nur schwer möglich einen durch Lasermarkierung personalisierten Vordruck von einem gänzlich gedruckten Portrait zu unterscheiden, welches sich, mit gleichem Layout gedruckt, unter einer transparenten Deckfolie befindet.As described above, the known methods require a light preprint with a proportion of white that prevents good color saturation and considerably restricts the achievable color space, so that the results do not achieve the quality of a printed representation. The colored form and the laser-blackened areas are two-dimensional layers in the material. It is not possible to examine the laser marking and the form separately. That is why it is difficult or impossible to do without further aids possible to distinguish a pre-print personalized by laser marking from a fully printed portrait, which, printed with the same layout, is located under a transparent cover film.
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Die folgenden Definitionen sind aus dem Dokument
Ein Sicherheitsmerkmal ist eine Struktur, die nur mit erhöhtem Aufwand gegenüber einfachem Kopieren oder gar nicht unautorisiert herstellbar oder reproduzierbar ist. Sicherheitsdokumente weisen typischerweise ein Substrat, eine Druckschicht und optional eine transparente Deckschicht auf. Ein Substrat ist eine Trägerstruktur, auf welche die Druckschicht mit Informationen, Bildern, Mustern und dergleichen aufgebracht wird. Als Materialien für ein Substrat kommen unter anderem alle fachüblichen Werkstoffe auf Papier- und / oder Kunststoffbasis in Frage. Beispiele für Sicherheitsdokumente sind Personalausweise, Reisepässe, Führerscheine, ID-Karten, Zugangskontrollausweise, Visa, Steuerzeichen, Tickets, Kraftfahrzeugpapiere, Banknoten, Schecks, Postwertzeichen, Kreditkarten, beliebige Chipkarten und Haftetiketten.A security feature is a structure that can only be produced or reproduced without authorization with increased effort compared to simple copying or not at all. Security documents typically have a substrate, a printing layer and optionally a transparent cover layer. A substrate is a supporting structure onto which the printed layer with information, images, patterns and the like is applied. Materials that can be used for a substrate include all conventional materials based on paper and/or plastic. Examples of security documents are ID cards, passports, driver's licenses, ID cards, access control ID cards, visas, revenue stamps, tickets, vehicle documents, banknotes, cheques, postage stamps, credit cards, any chip cards and adhesive labels.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Fälschungssicherheit von Sicherheitselementen und Sicherheitsdokumenten weiter zu verbessern.It is the object of the invention to further improve the security against forgery of security elements and security documents.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Sicherheitselement zur Verwendung für ein Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1, ein Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 9, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements nach Anspruch 10, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokuments nach Anspruch 13 und ein Verfahren zum Prüfen der Echtheit eines Sicherheitsdokuments nach Anspruch 14 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved by a security element for use for a security document according to
Das Sicherheitselement zur Verwendung für ein Sicherheitsdokument weist eine Oberseite und eine Unterseite auf. Es umfasst einen für sichtbares Licht zumindest teilweise transparent ausgestalteten Fensterbereich. Der Fensterbereich umfasst Strukturelemente mit Abmessungen von weniger als 200 Mikrometern (200 µm). Die Strukturelemente sind so angeordnet und ausgestaltet, dass erst bei einer Beleuchtung der Unterseite mittels eines Displays bzw. einer Anzeige eine farbige Abbildung auf der Oberseite sichtbar ist. Hierbei sind die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente auf die Abmessungen farbgebender Subpixel eines LCD-Displays und / oder eines TFT-Displays und / oder eines Displays eines Mobiltelefons und / oder eines Smartphones und / oder eines Tablets und / oder eines Computerbildschirms abgestimmt. Die Strukturelemente sind durch Laserbearbeitung erzeugt. Die farbige Abbildung wird durch die Größe und die Anordnung der Strukturelemente erzeugt, welche bei einer Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements in Richtung seiner Oberseite bestimmte Subpixel des an der Unterseite angeordneten Displays verdecken, wenn das Display an der Unterseite angeordnet ist. Die farbige Abbildung kann eine Abbildung sein, insbesondere eine individualisierte, zum Beispiel eine personalisierte, Abbildung.The security element for use in a security document has a top and a bottom. It includes a window area that is at least partially transparent to visible light. The window area includes features with dimensions less than 200 micrometers (200 µm). The structural elements are arranged and designed in such a way that a colored image on the upper side is only visible when the underside is illuminated by means of a display or an indicator. Here, the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of coloring subpixels of an LCD display and/or a TFT display and/or a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen. The structural elements are produced by laser processing. The colored image is generated by the size and the arrangement of the structural elements which, when viewing the security element in the direction of its top, cover certain subpixels of the display arranged on the underside when the display is arranged on the underside. The colored image can be an image, in particular an individualized, for example a personalized, image.
Bei der Abbildung kann es sich zum Beispiel um ein Bild, vorzugsweise ein Portrait, handeln. Mit anderen Worten zeigt das Sicherheitselement ohne eine Hinterleuchtung durch ein Display keine farbige Abbildung. Die Strukturelemente sind kaum sichtbar und vorzugsweise farblos. Erst infolge einer Hinterleuchtung oder Beleuchtung der Unterseite mit einem Display wird durch die Anordnung und Ausgestaltung der Strukturelemente im Fenster auf der Oberseite eine farbige Abbildung sichtbar.The image can be, for example, an image, preferably a portrait. In other words, without backlighting by a display, the security element does not show a colored image. The structural elements are barely visible and preferably colorless. Only as a result of backlighting or illumination of the underside with a display is a colored image visible on the upper side due to the arrangement and design of the structural elements in the window.
Die Echtheit eines ein Sicherheitselement umfassenden Sicherheitsdokuments ist mithilfe eines einfachen Displays leicht überprüfbar. Gleichzeitig ist die durch die Strukturelemente erzeugte Struktur als solche erkennbar, allerdings bevorzugt nur schwer erkennbar, und zeigt insbesondere keine farbige Abbildung. Da eine farbige Abbildung erst durch das Zusammenwirken mit einem Display sichtbar wird, ist das Sicherheitselement einerseits als solches nicht vollständig erkennbar und andererseits kaum oder nur mit erheblichem Aufwand kopierbar. Das Sicherheitselement weist damit eine besonders überdurchschnittlich hohe Fälschungssicherheit auf.The authenticity of a security document comprising a security element can be easily checked using a simple display. At the same time, the structure created by the structural elements is recognizable as such, but preferably only with difficulty, and in particular does not show a colored image. Since a colored image only becomes visible through interaction with a display, the security element is not fully recognizable as such and can hardly be copied or only with considerable effort. The security element thus has a particularly above-average protection against counterfeiting.
Die Strukturelemente können Abmessungen zwischen 5 Mikrometern (5 µm) und 100 Mikrometern (100 µm) aufweisen. Hierbei sind die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente auf die Abmessungen der farbgebenden Subpixel eines bestimmten Displays, zum Beispiel LCD-Displays (LCD - liquid crystal display, Flüssigkristallanzeige) und / oder eines TFT-Displays (TFT - thin-film transistor, Dünnfilmtransistor) abgestimmt. Die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente sind auf die Abmessungen der farbgebenden Subpixel eines Displays eines Mobiltelefons und / oder eines Smartphones und / oder eines Tablets und / oder eines Computerbildschirms abgestimmt.The structural elements can have dimensions between 5 micrometers (5 µm) and 100 micrometers (100 µm). Here, the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of the color-giving subpixels of a specific display, for example LCD displays (LCD - liquid crystal display, liquid crystal display) and/or a TFT display (TFT - thin-film transistor, thin-film transistor). The dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of the coloring sub-pixels of a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen.
Dadurch kann die Echtheit des Sicherheitselements bzw. des damit ausgestatteten Sicherheitsdokuments mithilfe zahlreicher verschiedener, insbesondere tragbarer, Geräte leicht und räumlich flexibel überprüft werden. Dabei können die Strukturelemente so angeordnet und ausgestaltet sein, dass bei einer Beleuchtung der Unterseite mittels eines Displays auf der Oberseite ein farbiges Portrait sichtbar ist.As a result, the authenticity of the security element or of the security document equipped with it can be checked easily and spatially flexibly using numerous different, in particular portable, devices. The structural elements can be arranged and configured in such a way that a colored portrait is visible on the upper side when the underside is illuminated by means of a display.
Damit entsprechende farbgebenden Subpixel eines Displays abgedeckt werden, ist es erforderlich, dass die Strukturelemente ähnliche Dimensionen bzw. Abmessungen wie diese haben. Durch geringe Abweichungen entstehen charakteristische Moireeffekte, welche durch Drehung des Sicherheitselements relativ zu dem Display veränderlich sind. Unter Beachtung der verschiedenen Periodizitäten, insbesondere räumlichen Periodizitäten, der farbgebenden Subpixel der Displays, angegeben in ppi, und bei Verwendung von Abständen, die unter Berücksichtigung von Schwebungseffekten dieser Periodizitäten auftreten, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Strukturelemente in dem Fensterbereich Strukturen bilden, mit welchen für unterschiedliche Displays, also Displays mit voneinander abweichenden Periodizitäten der farbgebenden Subpixel, eine gut wahrnehmbare Farbinformation erzeugt wird. Zum Beispiel können die Strukturelemente Abmessungen aufweisen, die für einen festgelegten Bereich der Periodizität der farbgebenden Subpixel eines Displays, vorzugsweise angegeben in ppi, bei einer Beleuchtung der Unterseite mittels eines Displays, dessen farbgebende Subpixel eine Periodizität innerhalb des festgelegten Bereichs aufweisen, eine farbige Abbildung auf der Oberseite sichtbar ist, zum Beispiel eine individualisierte farbige Abbildung, die personalisiert sein kann. Hierdurch wird einer Variation der Pixelabstände verschiedener Display Rechnung getragen. Das Sicherheitselement ist damit insbesondere auch in Verbindung mit einem Display mit einer höheren Auflösung verifizierbar.So that corresponding color-giving subpixels of a display are covered, it is necessary for the structural elements to have dimensions or dimensions similar to these. Small deviations result in characteristic moiré effects, which can be changed relative to the display by rotating the security element. Taking into account the various periodicities, in particular spatial periodicities, of the color-giving subpixels of the displays, specified in ppi, and using distances that occur taking into account beat effects of these periodicities, it is advantageous if the structural elements in the window area form structures with which for different displays, i.e. displays with differing periodicities of the coloring subpixels, an easily perceptible color information is generated. For example, the structural elements can have dimensions that, for a specified range of the periodicity of the coloring sub-pixels of a display, preferably specified in ppi, when the underside is illuminated by means of a display whose coloring sub-pixels have a periodicity within the specified range, a colored image the top is visible, for example an individualized colored image that can be personalised. This allows for a variation in the pixel spacing of different displays. The security element can thus also be verified in particular in connection with a display with a higher resolution.
In einer weiteren Variante können die Strukturelemente mindestens eine Struktur bilden, die eine Periodizität aufweist, die einen größten gemeinsamen Teiler mit einer Mehrzahl an festgelegten Periodizitäten der farbgebenden Subpixel verschiedener Displays hat. Durch eine Ansteuerung des verwendeten Displays lassen sich die Displayperiodizitäten mit der Periodizität der eingebrachten Struktur soweit in Übereinstimmung bringen, dass die gewünschte Farbinformation bzw. die farbige Abbildung erkennbar wird. Die Berücksichtigung des größten gemeinsamen Teilers und die Berücksichtigung der Schwebungseffekte sind auch in Kombination anwendbar.In a further variant, the structure elements can form at least one structure which has a periodicity which has a greatest common divisor with a plurality of fixed periodicities of the coloring subpixels of different displays. By controlling the display used, the display periodicities can be matched to the periodicity of the introduced structure to such an extent that the desired Color information or the colored image is recognizable. The consideration of the greatest common divisor and the consideration of the beat effects can also be used in combination.
In einer weiteren Variante sind unterschiedliche Periodizitäten der Strukturelemente in unterschiedlichen Orientierungen angeordnet, wobei jeweils die Periodizität der Strukturelemente in einer bestimmten Orientierung auf die Abmessungen und / oder Periodizität der Subpixel eines bestimmten Displays abgestimmt ist. Zum Beispiel stehen die Strukturelemente mit unterschiedlicher bzw. voneinander abweichender Periodizität in einem Winkel zueinander. Durch Drehen der Ebene mit den Strukturelementen lässt sich eine Übereinstimmung mit den festgelegten Periodizitäten der farbgebenden Subpixel eines bestimmten Displays herstellen.In a further variant, different periodicities of the structural elements are arranged in different orientations, with the periodicity of the structural elements in a specific orientation being matched to the dimensions and/or periodicity of the subpixels of a specific display. For example, the structural elements with different or deviating periodicity are at an angle to one another. By rotating the plane containing the structural elements, it is possible to match the specified periodicities of the coloring sub-pixels of a specific display.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Strukturelemente als Schwärzungen und / oder als Materialabtrag, zum Beispiel als Perforation, und / oder als Bohrungen ausgestaltet. Insbesondere ist es durch Laserstrahlung möglich, Schwärzungen im Material zu erzeugen und / oder die Materialstrukturen durch Abtrag oder Perforation zu verändern. Andere strukturgebende Verfahren, zum Beispiel Mikrodruck, zur Modifikation des transparenten Fensters sind zusätzlich ebenfalls möglich.The structural elements are advantageously configured as blackening and/or as material removal, for example as perforations, and/or as bores. In particular, laser radiation makes it possible to produce blackening in the material and/or to change the material structures by ablation or perforation. Other structuring methods, for example microprinting, for modifying the transparent window are also possible.
Bevorzugt ist eine durch Strukturelemente erzeugte Mikrostruktur ohne Beleuchtung mittels eines Displays farblos. Die durch Laserbearbeitung generierte Mikrostruktur ist also als solche zu erkennen, ist aber ohne dahinterliegendes, lichtaussendendes Display farblos. Eine einmal eingebrachte Struktur lässt sich nicht kopieren oder verändern.A microstructure produced by structural elements is preferably colorless without illumination by means of a display. The microstructure generated by laser processing can therefore be recognized as such, but is colorless without a light-emitting display behind it. Once a structure has been introduced, it cannot be copied or changed.
Durch die Ansteuerung bzw. Farbgebung des Displays lassen sich weitere Effekte im Zusammenspiel mit der Mikrostruktur generieren. Die Farbpixel des Displays lassen sich zum Beispiel durch eine Applikation (App) steuern. Durch Veränderung der Farbpixel des Displays können unterschiedliche Effekte in Zusammenhang mit der Mikrostruktur erreicht werden, welche sich weiterentwickeln lassen, ohne dass die Struktur selbst verändert werden muss.By controlling or coloring the display, further effects can be generated in interaction with the microstructure. The color pixels of the display can be controlled by an application (app), for example. By changing the color pixels of the display, different effects can be achieved in connection with the microstructure, which can be further developed without having to change the structure itself.
In einer weiteren Variante umfasst der Fensterbereich eine Lichtsteuerfolie mit einer Vielzahl an parallelen Auskehlungen. Durch Verwendung einer Lichtsteuerfolie bzw. Lamellenfolie, wie beispielsweise in
Grundsätzlich können die Strukturelemente auf mindestens einer Oberfläche, also der Oberseite oder der Unterseite, des Fensterbereichs oder im Inneren beziehungsweise innerhalb des Sicherheitselements angeordnet sein. Die Strukturelemente können als Vertiefungen, Erhebungen oder Hohlräume ausgestaltet sein. Es ist auch möglich, dass die Strukturelemente sich in Bezug auf ihre optischen und / oder mechanischen und / oder chemischen Eigenschaften von dem Material des Sicherheitselements unterscheiden. Mit anderen Worten können die Strukturelemente von dem Material des Sicherheitselements abweichende optische, mechanische oder chemische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die genannten Varianten können beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden. Sie haben den Vorteil, dass sie vergleichsweise einfach und kostengünstig erzeugt werden können und gleichzeitig den Fälschungsschutz erheblich verbessern.In principle, the structural elements can be arranged on at least one surface, ie the upper side or the lower side, of the window area or in the interior or within the security element. The structural elements can be in the form of depressions, elevations or cavities. It is also possible for the structural elements to differ from the material of the security element with regard to their optical and/or mechanical and/or chemical properties. In other words, the structural elements can have optical, mechanical or chemical properties that differ from the material of the security element. The variants mentioned can be combined with one another as desired. They have the advantage that they can be produced comparatively easily and inexpensively and at the same time significantly improve protection against counterfeiting.
Die einzelnen Strukturelemente können eine Länge und / oder eine Breite und / oder eine Tiefe beziehungsweise eine Höhe und / oder einen Abstand benachbarter Strukturelemente voneinander von weniger als 100 Mikrometern, zum Beispiel zwischen 100 Nanometer bis 100 Mikrometern aufweisen. Dabei sind Abmessungen in Bezug auf die Länge und / oder Breite und / oder den Abstand zwischen 5 Mikrometer und 30 Mikrometern, sowie Tiefen zwischen 0,5 Mikrometern und 20 Mikrometern vorteilhaft, da diese spezielle Fertigungsverfahren erfordern, zum Beispiel eine Materialbearbeitung mit ultrakurzen Laserpulsen, und die Struktur nicht sofort erkennbar ist. Die Abmessungen von Länge, Breite, Tiefe und / oder Abstand können voneinander verschiedene Werte annehmen.The individual structural elements can have a length and/or a width and/or a depth or a height and/or a distance between adjacent structural elements of less than 100 micrometers, for example between 100 nanometers and 100 micrometers. Dimensions in terms of length and/or width and/or distance between 5 micrometers and 30 micrometers and depths between 0.5 micrometers and 20 micrometers are advantageous because they require special manufacturing processes, such as material processing with ultra-short laser pulses, and the structure is not immediately recognizable. The dimensions of length, width, depth and/or distance can assume different values from one another.
Die Strukturelemente können als Bohrungen, also als Vertiefungen mit einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt, ausgestaltet sein, zum Beispiel als Mikro- oder Nano- Laserbohrungen. Diese haben den Vorteil, dass die sich mit ultrakurzen Laserpulsen vergleichsweise einfach fertigen lassen.The structural elements can be designed as bores, ie as depressions with a circular cross section, for example as micro- or nano-laser bores. These have the advantage that they can be manufactured comparatively easily with ultra-short laser pulses.
Das Sicherheitselement kann für ein bestimmtes Sicherheitsdokument oder für eine bestimmte Art von Sicherheitsdokumenten mit bestimmten Sicherheitsinformationen ausgelegt sein. In diesem Fall kann die Struktur und die mit ihr erzeugbare farbige Abbildung Sicherheitsinformationen für das bestimmte Sicherheitsdokument enthalten. Es kann so eine individualisierende Struktur aufgebracht werden und dadurch die Fälschungssicherheit weiter verbessert werden. Zum Beispiel kann eine Mikrostrukturierung in einem transparenten Fenster eines Ausweisdokumentes bei einer Beleuchtung durch ein Display eine personalisierte Abbildung, zum Beispiel ein Portrait des Inhabers des Ausweisdokumentes, zeigen.The security element can be designed for a specific security document or for a specific type of security document with specific security information. In this case, the structure and the colored image that can be generated with it can contain security information for the specific security document. In this way, an individualizing structure can be applied, thereby further improving protection against forgery. For example, a microstructure in a transparent window of an identity document can show a personalized image, for example a portrait of the owner of the identity document, when illuminated by a display.
Ohne die Art des Materials einzuschränken, kann das Sicherheitselement ein zumindest teilweise transparentes Material und / oder Polycarbonat und / oder Glas umfassen. Beispielsweise kann das Sicherheitselement vollständig oder teilweise transparent sein, insbesondere transparent für sichtbares Licht.Without restricting the type of material, the security element can comprise an at least partially transparent material and/or polycarbonate and/or glass. For example, the security element can be completely or partially transparent, in particular transparent to visible light.
Das Sicherheitsdokument umfasst einen Fensterbereich mit einem zuvor beschriebenen Sicherheitselement. Das Sicherheitsdokument ist bevorzugt aus einer Anzahl an Schichten aufgebaut, wobei mindestens eine Schicht ein zuvor beschriebenes Sicherheitselement umfasst. Das Sicherheitsdokument hat grundsätzlich die bereits genannten Vorteile des vorgeschlagenen Sicherheitselements. Das Sicherheitsdokument kann insbesondere durch Lamination miteinander verbundene Schichten umfassen. Bei den Schichten kann es sich zum Beispiel um ein Substrat, eine Druckschicht, die sicherheitsrelevante Informationen enthält, und Deckschicht handeln, wobei die Druckschicht zwischen dem Substrat und der Deckschicht angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise umfasst mindestens eine der Schichten ein Sicherheitselement.The security document includes a window area with a previously described security element. The security document is preferably made up of a number of layers, with at least one layer comprising a previously described security element. In principle, the security document has the already mentioned advantages of the proposed security element. The security document can in particular comprise layers connected to one another by lamination. The layers can be, for example, a substrate, a printed layer containing security-related information, and a cover layer, with the printed layer being arranged between the substrate and the cover layer. At least one of the layers preferably comprises a security element.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitselements zur Verwendung für ein Sicherheitsdokument zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein zumindest teilweise transparentes Material für den Fensterbereich mittels Laserbearbeitung mit Strukturelementen mit Abmessungen von weniger als 200 Mikrometer (200 µm) versehen wird, wobei die Strukturelemente so angeordnet und ausgestaltet sind, dass bei einer Beleuchtung der Unterseite mittels eines Displays eine farbige Abbildung auf der Oberseite sichtbar ist, insbesondere eine individualisierte farbige Abbildung, die eine personalisierte Abbildung sein kann. Hierbei sind die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente auf die Abmessungen farbgebender Subpixel eines LCD-Displays und / oder eines TFT-Displays und / oder eines Displays eines Mobiltelefons und / oder eines Smartphones und / oder eines Tablets und / oder eines Computerbildschirms abgestimmt. Dabei können insbesondere Strukturelemente mit Abmessungen im Bereich zwischen 5 Mikrometer (5 µm) und 30 Mikrometer (30 µm) auf das Material des Sicherheitselements aufgebacht oder in das Material des Sicherheitselements eingebracht werden. Mittels des Verfahrens kann ein oben beschriebenes Sicherheitselement hergestellt werden. Das Verfahren hat den Vorteil, dass es auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise die Herstellung eines Sicherheitselements, welches ein hohes Kopier- und Fälschungssicherheitsniveau aufweist, ermöglicht.The method for producing a security element for use in a security document is characterized in that an at least partially transparent material for the window area is provided with structural elements with dimensions of less than 200 micrometers (200 µm) by means of laser processing, the structural elements being arranged and designed in this way are that when the underside is illuminated by means of a display, a colored image is visible on the upper side, in particular an individualized colored image, which can be a personalized image. Here, the dimensions of the structural elements are matched to the dimensions of coloring subpixels of an LCD display and/or a TFT display and/or a display of a mobile phone and/or a smartphone and/or a tablet and/or a computer screen. In particular, structural elements with dimensions in the range between 5 micrometers (5 μm) and 30 micrometers (30 μm) can be applied to the material of the security element or introduced into the material of the security element. A security element as described above can be produced by means of the method. The method has the advantage that it enables a security element to be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner, which has a high level of protection against copying and counterfeiting.
Die Strukturelemente können zusätzlich zur Laserbearbeitung durch Mikrodruck erzeugt werden. Die Strukturelemente können auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des zumindest teilweise transparenten Materials durch Materialabtrag erzeugt werden. Zudem können die Strukturelemente auf oder in mindestens einer Oberfläche, also der Oberseite oder der Unterseite, des zumindest teilweise transparenten Sicherheitselements in Form von Erhebungen und / oder Vertiefungen erzeugt werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ dazu können die Strukturelemente im Inneren beziehungsweise innerhalb des zumindest teilweise transparenten Sicherheitselements in Form von Hohlräumen erzeugt werdenIn addition to laser processing, the structural elements can also be produced by microprinting. The structural elements can be produced on at least one surface of the at least partially transparent material by removing material. In addition, they can Structural elements are generated on or in at least one surface, ie the upper side or the underside, of the at least partially transparent security element in the form of elevations and/or depressions. In addition or as an alternative to this, the structural elements can be produced in the interior or within the at least partially transparent security element in the form of cavities
Das Sicherheitselement kann zumindest teilweise aus einer zumindest teilweise für sichtbares Licht transparenten Folie gefertigt werden. Dabei können in mindestens einer Oberfläche der Folie Vertiefungen erzeugt werden, insbesondere indem Material abgetragen wird.The security element can be produced at least partially from a film that is at least partially transparent to visible light. In this case, indentations can be produced in at least one surface of the film, in particular by removing material.
Beispielsweise werden Laserbohrungen im Mikrometerbereich und / oder Nanometerbereich in mindestens eine Oberfläche des Sicherheitselements eingebracht. Diese können einen Durchmesser zwischen 100 Nanometer (100 nm) und 100 Mikrometer (100 µm), zum Beispiel zwischen 5 Mikrometern und 30 Mikrometern, und / oder eine Tiefe zwischen 100 Nanometer (100 nm) und 100 Mikrometer (100 µm), zum Beispiel zwischen 500 Nanometern und 20 Mikrometern, aufweisen. In Ausführungen kann das teilweise transparente Material mit Strukturelementen mit Abmessungen zwischen 5 Mikrometern (5 µm) und 100 Mikrometern (100 µm) versehen werden.For example, laser bores in the micrometer range and/or nanometer range are introduced into at least one surface of the security element. These can have a diameter between 100 nanometers (100 nm) and 100 micrometers (100 µm), for example between 5 micrometers and 30 micrometers, and/or a depth between 100 nanometers (100 nm) and 100 micrometers (100 µm), for example between 500 nanometers and 20 micrometers. In embodiments, the partially transparent material can be provided with features with dimensions between 5 micrometers (5 µm) and 100 micrometers (100 µm).
Durch lokale Aufschäumungen und / oder durch hochauflösende 3D Drucktechnologie, mittels zum Beispiel Zwei Photonen Polymerisation, lassen sich, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich, Strukturelemente in Form von Erhebungen erzeugen.Local foaming and/or high-resolution 3D printing technology, for example by means of two-photon polymerisation, can be used, if necessary additionally, to produce structural elements in the form of elevations.
Vorteilhafterweise werden die Strukturelemente mittels ultrakurzer Laserpulse erzeugt, zum Beispiel mit einer Pulsdauer von weniger als 10 Pikosekunden (10 ps), insbesondere weniger als 1 Pikosekunde (1 ps) oder weniger als 500 Femtosekunden (500 fs). Die Anwendung ultrakurzer Laserpulse ermöglicht eine präzise Fertigung und effiziente Erzeugung der Strukturelemente. Insbesondere werden durch ultrakurze Laserpulse thermische oder mechanische Schäden des Strukturelements während der Bearbeitung minimiert oder vermieden. Es ist bei geeigneter Wahl der Bearbeitungsparameter eine nahezu schmelzfreie Bearbeitung mit hoher Präzision möglich.The structural elements are advantageously generated using ultrashort laser pulses, for example with a pulse duration of less than 10 picoseconds (10 ps), in particular less than 1 picosecond (1 ps) or less than 500 femtoseconds (500 fs). The use of ultra-short laser pulses enables precise manufacturing and efficient generation of the structural elements. In particular, thermal or mechanical damage to the structural element during processing is minimized or avoided by ultra-short laser pulses. With a suitable selection of the processing parameters, almost melt-free processing with high precision is possible.
Durch ultrakurze Laserpulse ist es möglich die Oberfläche oder die vorzugsweise transparente Deckschicht oberhalb einer personalisierten Schicht eines Sicherheitsdokuments mit einer die zweite Darstellung abbildenden Struktur zu versehen, wobei die Abmessungen der Strukturelemente im Mikrometer- oder Nanometerbereich liegen. Dazu wird bevorzugt das Material relativ zum fokussierten Laserstrahl bewegt oder vom fokussierten Laserstrahl mittels beweglicher Spiegel abgescannt. Durch die kurze Wechselwirkungszeit der ultrakurzen Laserpulse mit dem Material verursacht der Materialabtrag keine Farbveränderung des Materials und die Elemente der Struktur sind farblos und bestehen vorzugsweise aus Mikrobohrungen.Ultrashort laser pulses make it possible to provide the surface or the preferably transparent cover layer above a personalized layer of a security document with a structure depicting the second representation, with the dimensions of the structural elements being in the micrometer or nanometer range. For this purpose, the material is preferably moved relative to the focused laser beam or scanned by the focused laser beam using movable mirrors. Due to the short interaction time of the ultra-short laser pulses with the material, the material removal does not cause any color change in the material and the elements of the structure are colorless and preferably consist of microbores.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsdokuments, insbesondere eines Sicherheitsdokuments, bezieht sich auf ein Sicherheitselement, welches aus einer Anzahl an Schichten aufgebaut ist. Im Rahmen des Verfahrens wird mindestens eine Schicht dieser genannten Anzahl an Schichten aus einem Sicherheitselement oder einem gemäß dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten Sicherheitselement gefertigt. Die mindestens eine Schicht wird mit einer Anzahl weiterer Schichten verbunden, zum Beispiel verklebt oder laminiert, sodass das Sicherheitsdokument einen zumindest teilweise transparenten Fensterbereich mit einer durch die Strukturelemente erzeugten Struktur aufweist. Prinzipiell kann das oben beschriebene Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitselements Bestandteil des Verfahrens zur Herstellung des Sicherheitsdokuments sein. Zum Beispiel können die Strukturelemente auf oder in dem Sicherheitselement hergestellt werden, nachdem mindestens eine Schicht für das Sicherheitselement mit einer Anzahl weiterer Schichten verbunden wurde. Auf diese Weise kann ermöglicht sein, die Strukturelemente auf oder in dem Sicherheitselement anzuordnen, nachdem das Sicherheitselement nicht mehr direkt zugänglich ist, ohne das Sicherheitselement und / oder das Sicherheitsdokument zu beschädigen oder zu zerstören.The method for producing a security document, in particular a security document, relates to a security element which is made up of a number of layers. Within the framework of the method, at least one layer of this number of layers mentioned is produced from a security element or from a security element produced according to the method described above. The at least one layer is connected to a number of further layers, for example glued or laminated, so that the security document has an at least partially transparent window area with a structure created by the structural elements. In principle, the method described above for producing a security element can be part of the method for producing the security document. For example, the structural elements can be produced on or in the security element after at least one layer for the security element has been connected to a number of other layers. In this way it can be possible to arrange the structural elements on or in the security element after the security element is no longer directly accessible without damaging or destroying the security element and/or the security document.
Im Rahmen des Verfahrens zur Prüfung der Echtheit eines Sicherheitsdokuments wird der Fensterbereich des Sicherheitsdokuments auf seiner Unterseite mittels eines Displays beleuchtet und auf seiner Oberseite betrachtet. Dabei wird infolge der Beleuchtung auf der Oberseite eine farbige Abbildung, zum Beispiel ein Portrait des Dokumenteninhabers sichtbar. Wie oben bereits beschrieben, ist damit eine einfache und kostengünstige, da insbesondere keine speziellen Prüfgeräte erfordernde Echtheitsprüfung eines Sicherheitsdokuments möglich.As part of the method for checking the authenticity of a security document, the window area of the security document is illuminated on its underside by means of a display and viewed on its upper side. A colored image, for example a portrait of the document owner, becomes visible as a result of the lighting on the upper side. As already described above, this enables a simple and cost-effective verification of the authenticity of a security document, in particular since it does not require any special verification devices.
In einer Variante kann die Periodizität der Subpixel des Displays mit einer Periodizität der eingebrachten Struktur soweit in Übereinstimmung gebracht werden, dass die farbige Abbildung auf der Oberseite sichtbar wird. Hierdurch wird eine Verwendung verschiedener Displays mit voneinander abweichender Periodizität der Subpixel ermöglicht. Mit anderen Worten kann die farbige Abbildung mit unterschiedlichen Displays mit voneinander abweichenden Auflösungen erzeugt werden und somit die Echtheit des Sicherheitsdokuments geprüft werden.In one variant, the periodicity of the subpixels of the display can be matched to a periodicity of the introduced structure to such an extent that the colored image becomes visible on the upper side. This makes it possible to use different displays with different periodicity of the subpixels. In other words, the colored image can be generated with different displays with different resolutions and the authenticity of the security document can thus be checked.
Die Struktur des Sicherheitselements kann so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie bei Betrachtung unter einem festgelegten Winkel oder Winkelbereich als mattierte Fläche erkennbar ist. Bei Betrachtung senkrecht zur Oberfläche ist die Struktur bevorzugt mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar. Die Struktur kann bei Betrachtung unter einem Mikroskop erkennbar sein.The structure of the security element can be designed in such a way that it can be recognized as a frosted surface when viewed from a defined angle or angle range. at When viewed perpendicularly to the surface, the structure is preferably not visible to the naked eye. The structure can be seen under a microscope.
Weitere Merkmale, Eigenschaften und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsvarianten unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren näher beschrieben. Alle bisher und im Folgenden beschriebenen Merkmale sind dabei sowohl einzeln als auch in einer beliebigen Kombination miteinander vorteilhaft. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch und ausschnittsweise vergrößert ein Sicherheitselement und ein darunter angeordnetes Display in einer perspektivischen Ansicht; und
- Fig. 2
- schematisch ein Sicherheitsdokument in einer perspektivischen Ansicht.
- 1
- schematically and partially enlarged, a security element and a display arranged underneath in a perspective view; and
- 2
- schematically a security document in a perspective view.
Die
Die farbige Abbildung lässt sich auch durch entsprechende Ansteuerung des Displays 10 beziehungsweise der entsprechenden farbgebenden Subpixel 11 modifizieren. Dabei kann insbesondere die Periodizität der farbgebenden Subpixel 11 mit einer Periodizität einer durch die Strukturelemente 2 erzeugten Struktur in Übereinstimmung gebracht werden oder an diese angepasst werden. Bei dem Display 10 kann es sich um ein Display eines Mobiltelefons, eines Smartphones, eines Tablets, eines Notebooks usw. handeln.The colored image can also be modified by appropriately controlling the
Die Strukturelemente können durch Laserbearbeitung und / oder Mikrodruck erzeugt werden. Sie können durch Schwärzungen oder Materialabtrag, zum Beispiel Laserbohrungen erzeugt werden.The structural elements can be created by laser processing and/or microprinting. They can be created by blackening or material removal, for example laser drilling.
Die
Bei dem Sicherheitsdokument 20 kann es sich zum Beispiel um ein Ausweisdokument, insbesondere einen Reisepass, einen Personalausweis, einen Führerschein usw., handeln. Das Sicherheitsdokument 20 weist eine deutlich verbesserte Fälschungssicherheit auf, da die Strukturelemente 2 selbst kaum sichtbar sind und insbesondere aus den Strukturelementen 2 bzw. der Struktur allein nicht ersichtlich ist, welche farbige Abbildung sie bei einer Beleuchtung durch ein Display 10 erzeugen. Zudem kann die Echtheit des Sicherheitsdokuments 20 mit Hilfe eines Displays 10 zudem sehr leicht und ohne weitere Hilfsmittel überprüft werden.The
- 11
- Sicherheitselementsecurity element
- 22
- Strukturelementestructural elements
- 33
- Schichtenlayers
- 44
- Oberseitetop
- 55
- Unterseitebottom
- 66
- Fensterbereichpane
- 1010
- Displayscreen
- 1111
- farbgebende Subpixelcoloring subpixels
- 1414
- Oberseitetop
- 1515
- Unterseitebottom
- 1616
- Fensterbereichpane
- 2020
- Sicherheitsdokumentsecurity document
Claims (15)
- A security element (1) for use for a security document (20), having:- an upper side (4);- a lower side (5) and- a window region (6) configured so as to be at least partially transparent to visible light;wherein- the window region (6) comprises structural elements (2) with dimensions of less than 200 micrometres (200 µM),characterized in that- the structural elements are arranged and configured in such a manner that only when the lower side (5) is illuminated by means of a display (10) a colour image is visible on the upper side (4), and that- the dimensions of the structural elements (2) are adapted to the dimensions of colouring subpixels (11) of an LCD display and/or a TFT display and/or a display of a mobile phone and/or of a smart phone and/or of a tablet and/or of a computer display, in such a manner that the colour display is produced by the size and the arrangement of the structural elements (2), which conceal certain subpixels (11) when the security element (1) is viewed in the direction of its upper side (4) when the display (10) is arranged on the lower side (5); wherein- the structural elements (2) are produced by laser processing.
- The security element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements (2) have dimensions, for which for a specified range of periodicity of the colouring subpixels (11) of a display (10), when the lower side (5) is illuminated by means of a display (10), whereof the colouring subpixels (11) have a periodicity within the specified range, a colour image is visible on the upper side (4).
- The security element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structural elements (2) form at least one structure, which has a periodicity which has a greatest common divider with a plurality of specified periodicities of the colouring subpixels (11) of different displays (10).
- The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that different periodicities of the structural elements (2) are arranged in different orientations, wherein the periodicity of the structural elements (2) in each case is adapted in a particular orientation to the dimensions and/or periodicity of the subpixels of a particular display.
- The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural elements (2) are arranged and configured in such a manner that when the lower side (5) is illuminated by means of a display (10), a coloured portrait can be seen on the upper side (4).
- The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural elements (2) are configured as blackened areas and/or as removed material and/or as bores.
- The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a microstructure produced by structural elements (2) without illumination by means of a display (10) is colourless.
- The security element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window region (6) comprises a light-control film with a plurality of parallel channels.
- A security document (20) which comprises at least one window region (16) with a security element (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 8.
- A method for producing a safety element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an at least partially transparent material for the window region (6) is provided by means of laser processing with structural elements (2) having dimensions of less than 200 micrometres (200 µm), wherein the structural elements (2) are arranged and configured in such a manner that when the lower side (5) is illuminated by means of a display (10), a colour image is visible on the upper side (4).
- The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the structural elements (2) are produced on at least one surface of the at least partially transparent material through material removal.
- The method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that laser bores in the micrometre range and/or in the nanometre range are introduced into at least one surface of the at least partially transparent material.
- The method for producing a security document (20) in accordance with claim 9, which is formed from a number of layers (3), characterized in that at least one layer (3) of this number of layers is produced with a security element (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 8 or a security element (1) produced in accordance with claims 10 to 12 and connected to a number of further layers (3) in such a manner that the security document (20) has an at least partially transparent window region with a structure produced by the structural elements (2).
- A method for checking the authenticity of the security document (20) according to claim 9, wherein the window region (16) of the security document (20) is illuminated on a lower side (15) by means of a display (10) and is observed on its upper side (14).
- The method for checking the authenticity according to claim 14, characterized in that the periodicity of the subpixels (11) of the display (10) is brought in line with a periodicity of the introduced structure, insofar as the colour display on the upper side (4) is visible.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102019122586.8A DE102019122586B4 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2019-08-22 | Microstructured transparent security element |
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EP3782822A1 EP3782822A1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
EP3782822B1 true EP3782822B1 (en) | 2022-07-20 |
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EP20192227.5A Active EP3782822B1 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2020-08-21 | Microstructured transparent security element |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007052951B4 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2021-11-18 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verification device for a hologram |
US20110187747A1 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2011-08-04 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | method of decoding on an electronic device |
FR2958777A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-14 | Jean Pierre Lazzari | DEVICE FOR CUSTOMIZING RECESSED LATENT IMAGES |
FR2961621B1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2014-09-05 | Arjowiggins Security | METHOD OF AUTHENTICATING AND / OR IDENTIFYING A SECURITY ARTICLE |
FR2971972B1 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2013-03-08 | Jean Pierre Lazzari | METHOD FOR FORMING A REFLECTIVE COLOR-LASER COLOR LASER IMAGE AND DOCUMENT WHEREIN A COLOR LASER IMAGE IS SO REALIZED |
DE102011084819B4 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2018-08-02 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | A method of verifying a security document with a pattern using a display device |
DE102011084818A1 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-04-25 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | A method of verifying a security document with a visual barrier using a display device |
DE102012010908A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verification of value documents with a window with diffractive structures |
DE102012109064A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-27 | Datacard Corporation | Light control film for use in e.g. passport, has safety feature formed in microstructures, and designed not visible when film is viewed in false view angle, and visible when film is viewed in correct view angle or range of view angles |
US10286716B2 (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2019-05-14 | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL) | Synthesis of superposition shape images by light interacting with layers of lenslets |
FR3046109B1 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2022-02-18 | Arjowiggins Security | SECURE ARTICLE CONTAINING A COMBINED IMAGE AND/OR A REVELATION FRAME |
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- 2019-08-22 DE DE102019122586.8A patent/DE102019122586B4/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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