EP3393821B1 - Method for producing a secutity document and security document - Google Patents
Method for producing a secutity document and security document Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3393821B1 EP3393821B1 EP16822462.4A EP16822462A EP3393821B1 EP 3393821 B1 EP3393821 B1 EP 3393821B1 EP 16822462 A EP16822462 A EP 16822462A EP 3393821 B1 EP3393821 B1 EP 3393821B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- relief
- microstructure
- embossed
- way
- embossing die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a security document. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security document produced by means of the method.
- microstructures represent a security feature themselves or in combination with other components of the security element.
- a security element comprising a device body with a transparent plastic layer, on the one layer surface of which microstructures are formed, with diffractive surface structures additionally being formed in the same layer surface. Furthermore, a method for production, a lamination sheet and a verification method are described.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method for producing an improved security document and an improved security document, the method for producing an improved security document having the result that the security document is more difficult to counterfeit or imitate than security documents which are produced using known methods .
- a security feature is to be referred to as a feature which cannot be forged or imitated, or only with great technical effort.
- the microstructures described below represent such a security feature.
- relief-like microstructuring surface structures with structure sizes in the range from nanometers to a few micrometers, in particular in the range from 200 nm and 6 ⁇ m, are referred to as relief-like microstructuring.
- diffraction gratings Structures whose characteristic distances and lengths are in the range of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of light that is diffracted by the respective diffraction structure are referred to below as diffraction gratings. Typical structure sizes are therefore in the range of a few 100 nm to around 1.5 ⁇ m, depending on the light wavelength from the UV to the visible to the infrared light spectrum.
- a diffraction grating does not necessarily have to consist of a regular array of microstructures.
- Transparent is a material in which light propagation is possible according to the laws of geometric optics.
- Translucent is a material in which light can propagate but does not travel according to the laws of geometric optics due to scattering or other effects.
- a method for producing a security document comprising the following steps: providing substrate layers, with at least one of the substrate layers being made of polycarbonate, providing a lamination sheet with an embossing stamp, with the embossing stamp having a relief-like microstructuring, laminating the substrate layers, with the Laminating sheet with the embossing stamp is arranged on an outer upper side of the at least one substrate layer made of polycarbonate in such a way that the relief-like microstructuring of the embossing stamp is transferred to the substrate layer made of polycarbonate during lamination and a document body is formed by the lamination, and the embossing stamp is provided in such a way, that the embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed at least in one area as a diffraction grating to produce a diffraction effect.
- a security document comprising a document body with an upper side and an underside opposite the upper side, wherein the document body has at least one material layer made of polycarbonate, the security document also comprises at least one security feature, wherein the at least one security feature is characterized by an embossed relief-like microstructuring in the at least a material layer made of polycarbonate is formed, and wherein the embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed at least in one area as a diffraction grating to produce a diffraction effect.
- the core idea of the invention is to emboss a microstructure directly into a layer of polycarbonate during lamination, thereby creating a security feature that is difficult to counterfeit or imitate.
- a corresponding stamp with a microstructure is provided on a lamination sheet.
- the microstructuring is then transferred to a surface of the polycarbonate layer.
- a diffraction effect caused by the microstructuring becomes more reliable the sharper the diffraction patterns or reflections caused by the microstructuring are.
- a vertical microstructure of the relief-like microstructuring is also crucial. It is therefore provided in one embodiment that the relief-like microstructuring embossed during lamination also has vertically formed microstructures with different structural depths in addition to laterally formed microstructures. If the diffraction effects on the microstructuring are approximated by the Bragg equation, then the vertical microstructure corresponds to the presence of additional lattice planes formed parallel to the layer plane, at which incident light is "reflected” and interferes constructively or destructively according to the Bragg condition. As a result, individual diffraction reflections become sharper, which in turn leads to a sharper color effect.
- the embossing die is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring has lateral structure sizes in a range from 0.5 to 6 ⁇ m.
- a plurality of lateral structures can form individual pixels, in which case an individual pixel can then have a microstructure, for example a diffraction grating with a fixed grating constant.
- the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring has vertical structure sizes in a range from 0.1 to 6 ⁇ m. All values in the range between 0.1 and 6 ⁇ m can be present in a microstructuring.
- Each picture element or each pixel can be assigned, for example, a local diffraction structure designed as a microstructuring and having a color value, so that overall there is a subdivision into individual reflecting diffraction structures.
- the microstructuring of an image point or pixel can then be structured both laterally and vertically. The vertical microstructuring ensures that several network levels can be made available for each picture element or pixel.
- a picture element or pixel can also be formed by subpixels, with each subpixel having its own diffraction structure.
- a color value assigned to the picture element or pixel can then be generated by color addition of the individual colors of the subpixels.
- the areas of the microstructuring assigned to the subpixels can also be structured laterally and vertically.
- a microstructure formed on the surface can be exposed to external influences. In the case of security documents, this can be, for example, mechanical stress as a result of use or storage of the security document.
- a further embodiment therefore provides that the embossing die is provided in such a way that it has a raised area in the area of the relief-like microstructuring, so that the relief-like microstructuring formed after lamination is recessed with respect to extremal projections on a surface of the document body.
- the same protective effect can be achieved if a raised area is formed or several raised areas are formed, which protects a (not sunken) microstructure formed on the surface of the document body from mechanical stress.
- the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that it has a depression in at least one area, so that the relief-like microstructuring formed after lamination is formed in a recessed manner with respect to extremal projections formed by a raised area on a surface of the document body .
- the raised area ensures that a tabletop, for example, as in the example above, is kept at a distance from the microstructure.
- the microstructuring can be formed both on an upper side of the document body and on an underside of the document body. If substrate layers made of polycarbonate are present on both sides of the document body, a further lamination sheet with a further embossing stamp can be provided in order to also form a microstructure on this side during lamination. It is therefore provided in a further embodiment that a further lamination sheet is provided with a further embossing die, the further embossing die also having a relief-like microstructuring, so that during lamination both on a An embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed on both the top and bottom of the document body.
- the embossing stamps for the top and bottom can be designed differently or the same.
- the document body In order to create a security feature via the microstructuring, which is visible when viewed in transmitted light, the document body must be transparent or at least translucent from the top to the bottom. Provision is therefore made for the substrate layers to be provided in such a way that they are transparent at least in a partial area of the embossed, relief-like microstructuring.
- the microstructuring can then be illuminated in transmission, so that diffraction effects, for example caused by a point light source, are visible in transmission.
- the security of the security document can be further increased if additional information is incorporated into the microstructuring.
- This can be achieved, for example, in that the microstructuring formed during lamination is destroyed again in a targeted manner locally, for example in the form of letters, a graphic or an image.
- the embossed relief-like microstructuring is locally melted after lamination at least in a partial area on a surface by means of laser irradiation and is thereby structurally destroyed, information being formed as a result of the local melting.
- the information introduced by the local melting can also be intertwined with the embossed microstructuring, so that an additional increase in security is achieved.
- the local melting causes a material change without creating light-absorbing areas, such as blackening. Information stored in this way via changed areas cannot then be reproduced, for example by xerographic methods.
- a layer of lacquer can be applied to the embossed microstructure to provide protection against dirt, abrasion and scratches after lamination.
- a lacquer layer is applied to the embossed, relief-like microstructuring.
- the lacquer applied is selected in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring is protected, but the diffraction effect remains visible.
- the viscosity of the paint is chosen such that the paint a creates a closed surface without leveling and impairing the optical properties of the microstructure.
- the paint should preferably have a greater hardness than polycarbonate in which the microstructures are formed, in order to be able to effectively withstand mechanical stress.
- finely ground corundum can be used in such a paint.
- the embossed, relief-like microstructuring is formed in several areas as a diffraction grating, each with different diffraction properties. This makes it possible, for example, to obtain different color impressions, which can be detected when looking at the embossed, relief-like microstructuring.
- the multiple areas with diffraction gratings, each with different properties further increase the security document's security against forgery, since it becomes more difficult for a forger or imitator to forge or imitate all areas in such a way that they are found to be genuine.
- security against forgery can be increased if a color effect that is immediate for the human observer can be detected and checked.
- photographic images since they are based on an image of the real world that is true to color and perspective and thus correspond directly to the world of human experience.
- the plurality of areas are formed in such a way that a reproduction of a photographic image is formed.
- the plurality of areas are designed in such a way that a true-color image is generated at least when viewed from a specific angle.
- the true color image can be a photographic image, for example.
- the real colors mean that the security document can be verified directly by a human observer.
- the real-color image can also be a colored logo, a symbol or another motif.
- the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed relief-like microstructuring has an extension over an entire surface of one side of the document body. This achieves that the diffraction effect is formed over the entire surface of the side of the document body. The entire surface is then protected against an attack, since forgery or imitation destroys the embossed, relief-like microstructuring and thus makes it recognizable in a later verification.
- the embossing die is designed in such a way that the embossed relief-like microstructuring has a two-dimensional diffraction grating at least in a partial area, so that a diffraction pattern is visible when viewed with a point light source, and the diffraction pattern when viewed with diffuse light however, is not visible.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be, for example, a microstructure formed periodically in both dimensions. A regular diffraction pattern is then visible when viewed with a point light source, the diffraction pattern generally being composed of point-shaped or elliptical elements.
- the elliptical elements may show a color gradient.
- scattered reflections are superimposed on average in such a way that no diffraction pattern is visible.
- a diffraction effect that is pronounced in this way can be produced in a simple manner, for example, by means of a white light point light source (eg a white LED) installed in today's smartphones.
- a security feature is thus available which can be checked using simple methods and devices in the sense of a Level 1 feature.
- the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be formed, for example, by microstructuring in the form of two superimposed sine functions in orthogonal directions ("egg carton" structure). Furthermore, however, several periodic structures can also be superimposed, even with different periodicity. For example, two strip gratings that are not aligned orthogonally to one another can also be formed in the microstructuring.
- security documents such as passports, identity cards or other identification cards can be provided with a microstructuring that covers an entire area of a top and/or bottom of the security document, so that the entire area is protected against forgery or imitation.
- a security document can then be checked for authenticity using the white light point light source of a smartphone. Any manipulation of an information layer lying below the embossed, relief-like microstructuring would lead to the destruction of the microstructuring. Such a destruction and also a subsequent reworking of the destroyed area could be checked in a simple manner by means of the point light source, since both the destruction and the seams of subsequently added microstructuring become visible to the human observer.
- an advantageous embodiment provides that the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring carries holographic information at least in a partial area.
- a security document with one of the security features described above can of course also include other security features. However, for the sake of clarity, this is not described in detail here.
- the security document has an internal hologram, an integrated microchip, a security print or another optically, haptically or mechanically detectable security feature.
- the security document can also be printed.
- the security features described and the security document with the security features described can be checked by a human viewer can also be checked by machine.
- a photographic image of the diffraction effect can be recorded and evaluated, for example by examining an entire surface of the security document, possibly by capturing a number of photographic images at different positions on the surface, for the presence of the diffraction effect.
- the Figures 1a to 1d show a schematic representation of the process steps of a method for producing a security document 1.
- a first step (Fig. 1a )
- Substrate layers 2 are provided.
- the substrate layers 2 are all made of polycarbonate (PC). These are, for example, an upper substrate layer 3, a middle substrate layer 4, which carries printed information and/or is laserable, for example, and a lower substrate layer 5.
- PC polycarbonate
- the individual substrate layers 2, 3, 4, 5 are combined into a substrate layer stack 6 and positioned in a laminating device 7 with an upper lamination sheet 8.1 and a lower lamination sheet 8.2.
- the upper lamination sheet 8.1 comprises an embossing die 9 which has a relief-like microstructuring 10.
- the substrate layer stack 6 is laminated by the substrate layer stack 6 being pressed together under pressure 13 at elevated temperature becomes.
- the temperature in the substrate layer stack 6 is increased in such a way that the substrate layers 6 bond to one another at the interfaces and a monolithic document body 11 is formed.
- the boundary surfaces between the substrate layers are no longer present, since the plastic of the individual substrate layers has bonded to one another at the molecular level.
- the embossing die 9 is embossed on a top side 12 of the document body 11, where an uppermost layer of material has formed from the substrate layer 3 made of polycarbonate (PC), so that the relief-like microstructuring of the embossing die 9 is transferred to the top side 12 of the document body 11 and there an embossed relief-like microstructuring 14 forms.
- PC polycarbonate
- the resulting security document 1 is in 2 shown schematically.
- this has a relief-like microstructuring 14 embossed directly into the polycarbonate (PC) in the form of a diffraction grating 36.
- the diffraction grating 36 is designed in such a way that it produces a diffraction effect 16 which can be detected by a human observer 15 and thus represents a Level 1 feature 17 for the security document 1 that is easy to verify.
- a diffraction effect 16 can be, for example, a diffraction effect 16 that gives a human observer 15 the visual impression of a dot or stripe pattern, with the dots and stripes being able to show color gradients (see Fig figures 6b and 6c ).
- a diffraction effect 16 can also be a true-color image, for example a reproduction of a photographic image (see, for example, the exemplary embodiment in 7 ).
- a machine authenticity check is of course also possible.
- a photographic image of the diffraction effect can be recorded and evaluated, for example by examining an entire surface of the security document, possibly by capturing a number of photographic images at different positions on the surface, for the presence of the diffraction effect. It is also possible to use the diffraction effect to be broken down spectroscopically using an optical arrangement and to be examined for the presence of certain lines or areas in the spectrum. If an expected diffraction effect is present, the security document 1 is judged to be genuine. If, on the other hand, the expected diffraction effect cannot be demonstrated, then the security document 1 is found not to be genuine.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the embossing stamp 9 is provided in such a way that it has a raised area 18 in the area of the relief-like microstructuring 10 .
- the raised area 18 of the embossing stamp 9 ensures that the relief-like microstructuring 14 formed after the lamination is formed in a sunken depression 20 with respect to a macroscopic plane 19 defined by a surface of an upper side 12 of the document body 11 .
- the sunken depression 20 ensures that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 is protected against mechanical stress.
- the embossed, relief-like microstructuring does not touch the table top, since it lies within the sunken depression 20 .
- the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 thus remains protected from mechanical action.
- the embossing stamp 9 is provided in such a way that it has indentations 21 at least in a region adjacent to the relief-like microstructuring 10 .
- the indentations 21 of the embossing die 9 ensure that, after lamination, regions 22 that are raised with respect to a macroscopic plane 19 defined by a surface of an upper side 12 of the document body 11 are formed.
- the raised regions 22 adjacent to the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 ensure that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 is protected against mechanical stress. Lateral to the document body 11 attacking mechanical effects are of intercepted in the raised areas 22 and thus protect the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 from mechanical stress and abrasion.
- figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a two-dimensional, periodic relief-like microstructuring 14 for generating a two-dimensional diffraction effect over an entire area of an upper side 12 of a security document 1.
- the relief-like microstructuring 14 is essentially in the form of two superimposed sine functions running in the x-direction 23 and y-direction 24 educated.
- the period lengths 25 are typically in the range of the wavelength of visible light. Since the embossed, relief-like microstructuring 14 runs periodically in two directions 23, 24, a diffraction effect that is caused is also periodic in two directions.
- the security document 1 can be protected against forgery over the entire surface by means of the two-dimensionally periodically formed relief-like microstructuring 14 over the entire surface of the upper side 12 of the security document 1 . To check the authenticity of such a security document 1, the entire surface is checked for the presence of the diffraction effect by a human observer or by machine.
- Figures 6a , 6b and 6c show schematic representations of a detected by a human viewer 15 top 12 of a security document 1 with the relief-like microstructuring according to the in figure 5 described embodiment under diffuse illumination ( Figure 6a ) and under illumination 26 with a white light point light source 27 at two different illumination and viewing positions on the security document 1 ( Figure 6b and Figure 6c ).
- the top 12 of the security document 1 is illuminated with a white light point light source 27 .
- a diffraction effect 30 for the human viewer 15 visible.
- regularly arranged strips 32 radiating outwards from a center 31 are visible, each showing a color progression from white to blue, green, yellow to red from the center.
- the center 31 itself appears largely white.
- the white-light point light source 27 is shifted laterally in the direction of a plane on the upper side 12 of the security document 1, the same diffraction effect 30 results.
- This situation is shown schematically in FIG Figure 6c shown.
- the impression created by the human observer 15 is largely the same as in FIG Figure 6b depicted situation. Since the embossed, relief-like microstructuring is formed in the same way over the entire surface, the visual impression created by the human observer 15 is largely the same at other positions of the upper side 12 as well.
- the diffraction effect 30 can be made visible to the human observer 15 with relatively simple means, for example the white light point light source 27 of the camera of a modern smartphone.
- a human viewer 15 can thus carry out an authenticity check of the entire surface of the top 12 of the security document 1 without great effort. If, for example, the passport photo 28 has been changed, this results in the destruction of the relief-like microstructuring on the upper side 12 of the security document 1 . This will also influence the diffraction effect 30 at this point on the upper side 12, since an exact restoration of the embossed, relief-like microstructuring in the area of the passport photo 28 is almost impossible or can only be achieved with great technical effort.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the top side 12 of a security document 1 seen by a human observer 15 with an embossed, relief-like microstructuring, which represents a photographic reproduction as a true-color image 33 due to a diffraction effect 30 .
- the security document 1 is illuminated by a white light source 37 .
- the impression of a real-color image 33 is achieved in that the embossed relief-like microstructuring in several areas as a diffraction grating, each with different diffraction properties is formed.
- the multiple areas are formed such that a reproduction of a photographic image is formed. This can be achieved, for example, by dividing the multiple areas into individual pixels 34 .
- the pixels 34 consist of a diffraction grating, each with different diffraction properties, so that diffraction patterns or reflections of different wavelengths are generated for neighboring pixels 34 for different angles. If the pixels 34 are made sufficiently small, for example in the range from a few to a few tens of micrometers, an optical impression of real colors can be achieved by color addition.
- the diffraction gratings of the pixels 34 and the plurality of regions are now formed in such a way that a true color image 33 of the photographic reproduction is produced, at least when viewed from a certain angle. Of course, the true-color image 33 can also be generated by something other than pixels 34 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokumentes. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein mittels des Verfahrens hergestelltes Sicherheitsdokument.The invention relates to a method for producing a security document. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security document produced by means of the method.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, optische Sicherheitsmerkmale über eine Prägung in einer Kunststoffschicht zu schaffen. Dazu werden beispielsweise Laminationsbleche mit entsprechenden Prägestempeln versehen, so dass das Sicherheitsmerkmal während des Laminationsschrittes in die Kunststoffschicht geprägt wird. Eine Alternative ist das Einbringen in eine separate Kunststofffolie über eine Prägung und ein anschließendes Aufbringen auf das Sicherheitsdokument.It is known from the prior art to create optical security features by means of an embossing in a plastic layer. For this purpose, for example, lamination sheets are provided with appropriate embossing dies, so that the security feature is embossed into the plastic layer during the lamination step. An alternative is to incorporate it into a separate plastic film via embossing and then apply it to the security document.
Ferner sind aus dem Stand der Technik unterschiedliche Sicherheitselemente bekannt, welche Mikrostrukturen aufweisen. Diese Mikrostrukturen stellen selbst oder in Kombination mit anderen Bestandteilen des Sicherheitselements ein Sicherheitsmerkmal dar.Furthermore, different security elements which have microstructures are known from the prior art. These microstructures represent a security feature themselves or in combination with other components of the security element.
Aus der
Grundsätzlich besteht das Bedürfnis, stets verbesserte Sicherheitsmerkmale und Sicherheitselemente zu schaffen, deren Nachbildung und/oder Verfälschung, Duplizierung oder Ähnliches erschwert ist und dennoch eine möglichst einfache Verifikation hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins und/oder der Integrität der Sicherheitsmerkmale oder darin gespeicherter Informationen ermöglichen.In principle, there is a need to create ever-improving security features and security elements whose imitation and/or falsification, duplication or the like is made more difficult and yet enable the simplest possible verification of the presence and/or integrity of the security features or information stored therein.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabezugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verbesserten Sicherheitsdokuments und ein verbessertes Sicherheitsdokument zu schaffen, wobei das Verfahren zum Herstellen eines verbesserten Sicherheitsdokuments dazu führt, dass das Sicherheitsdokument schwerer zu fälschen oder nachzuahmen ist als Sicherheitsdokumente, welche mit bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method for producing an improved security document and an improved security document, the method for producing an improved security document having the result that the security document is more difficult to counterfeit or imitate than security documents which are produced using known methods .
Die technische Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Sicherheitsdokument mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 17 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The technical problem is solved according to the invention by a method having the features of
Als Sicherheitsmerkmal soll im Folgenden ein Merkmal bezeichnet werden, welches nicht oder nur mit sehr großem technischen Aufwand zu fälschen oder nachzuahmen ist. Insbesondere stellen die im Folgenden beschriebenen Mikrostrukturierungen ein solches Sicherheitsmerkmal dar.In the following, a security feature is to be referred to as a feature which cannot be forged or imitated, or only with great technical effort. In particular, the microstructures described below represent such a security feature.
Als reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung werden im Folgenden Oberflächenstrukturen mit Strukturgrößen im Bereich von Nanometern bis einigen Mikrometern, insbesondere im Bereich von 200 nm und 6 µm bezeichnet.In the following, surface structures with structure sizes in the range from nanometers to a few micrometers, in particular in the range from 200 nm and 6 μm, are referred to as relief-like microstructuring.
Als Beugungsgitter werden im Folgenden solche Strukturen bezeichnet, deren charakteristische Abstände und Längen im Bereich der Größenordnung der Wellenlänge von Licht liegen, welches von der jeweiligen Beugungsstruktur gebeugt wird. Typische Strukturgrößen liegen somit im Bereich einiger 100 nm bis etwa 1,5 µm abhängig von der Lichtwellenlänge vom UV-, über das sichtbare, bis ins infrarote Lichtspektrum hinein. Ein Beugungsgitter muss nicht notwendigerweise aus einer regelmäßigen Anordnung von Mikrostrukturen bestehen.Structures whose characteristic distances and lengths are in the range of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of light that is diffracted by the respective diffraction structure are referred to below as diffraction gratings. Typical structure sizes are therefore in the range of a few 100 nm to around 1.5 µm, depending on the light wavelength from the UV to the visible to the infrared light spectrum. A diffraction grating does not necessarily have to consist of a regular array of microstructures.
Transparent ist ein Material, in dem eine Lichtausbreitung gemäß den Gesetzen der geometrischen Optik möglich ist.Transparent is a material in which light propagation is possible according to the laws of geometric optics.
Transluzent ist ein Material, in dem eine Lichtausbreitung möglich ist, jedoch auf Grund von Streuung oder anderen Effekten nicht gemäß den Gesetzen der geometrischen Optik verläuft.Translucent is a material in which light can propagate but does not travel according to the laws of geometric optics due to scattering or other effects.
Insbesondere wird ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokumentes zur Verfügung gestellt, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: Bereitstellen von Substratschichten, wobei mindestens eine der Substratschichten aus Polycarbonat ist, Bereitstellen eines Laminationsblechs mit Prägestempel, wobei der Prägestempel eine reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung aufweist, Laminieren der Substratschichten, wobei das Laminationsblech mit dem Prägestempel an einer außenliegenden Oberseite der mindestens einen Substratschicht aus Polycarbonat derartig angeordnet wird, dass sich beim Laminieren die reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung des Prägestempels auf die Substratschicht aus Polycarbonat überträgt und durch das Laminieren ein Dokumentenkörper ausgebildet wird, und wobei der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zumindest in einem Bereich als Beugungsgitter zum Hervorrufen eines Beugungseffektes ausgebildet wird.In particular, a method for producing a security document is provided, comprising the following steps: providing substrate layers, with at least one of the substrate layers being made of polycarbonate, providing a lamination sheet with an embossing stamp, with the embossing stamp having a relief-like microstructuring, laminating the substrate layers, with the Laminating sheet with the embossing stamp is arranged on an outer upper side of the at least one substrate layer made of polycarbonate in such a way that the relief-like microstructuring of the embossing stamp is transferred to the substrate layer made of polycarbonate during lamination and a document body is formed by the lamination, and the embossing stamp is provided in such a way, that the embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed at least in one area as a diffraction grating to produce a diffraction effect.
Ferner wird ein Sicherheitsdokument geschaffen, umfassend einen Dokumentenkörper mit einer Oberseite und einer der Oberseite gegenüberliegenden Unterseite, wobei der Dokumentenkörper mindestens eine Materialschicht aus Polycarbonat aufweist, ferner umfasst das Sicherheitsdokument mindestens ein Sicherheitsmerkmal, wobei das mindestens eine Sicherheitsmerkmal durch eine geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung in der mindestens einen Materialschicht aus Polycarbonat ausgebildet ist, und wobei die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zumindest in einem Bereich als Beugungsgitter zum Hervorrufen eines Beugungseffektes ausgebildet ist.Furthermore, a security document is created, comprising a document body with an upper side and an underside opposite the upper side, wherein the document body has at least one material layer made of polycarbonate, the security document also comprises at least one security feature, wherein the at least one security feature is characterized by an embossed relief-like microstructuring in the at least a material layer made of polycarbonate is formed, and wherein the embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed at least in one area as a diffraction grating to produce a diffraction effect.
Die Kernidee der Erfindung ist, eine Mikrostrukturierung beim Laminieren direkt in eine Schicht aus Polycarbonat zu prägen und dadurch ein schwer zu fälschendes oder nachzuahmendes Sicherheitsmerkmal zu schaffen. Dazu wird ein entsprechender Stempel mit einer Mikrostrukturierung an einem Laminationsblech bereitgestellt. Beim Laminieren überträgt sich die Mikrostrukturierung dann auf eine Oberfläche der Schicht aus Polycarbonat. Der Vorteil ist, dass keine zusätzliche Kunststoffschicht in oder auf das Sicherheitsdokument ein- oder aufgebracht werden muss, da direkt die Oberfläche der Schicht aus Polycarbonat bearbeitet wird. Ein Entfernen, Austauschen oder Abändern der Mikrostrukturierung würde zu einer Beschädigung oder Zerstörung des Sicherheitsdokumentes führen. Auch eine Delamination der Mikrostrukturierung von der Schicht kann nicht auftreten. Ein Fälschen wird somit nahezu unmöglich gemacht. Insgesamt wird somit die Fälschungssicherheit durch das beschriebene Verfahren und das beschriebene Sicherheitsdokument gesteigert.The core idea of the invention is to emboss a microstructure directly into a layer of polycarbonate during lamination, thereby creating a security feature that is difficult to counterfeit or imitate. For this purpose, a corresponding stamp with a microstructure is provided on a lamination sheet. During lamination, the microstructuring is then transferred to a surface of the polycarbonate layer. The advantage is that no additional plastic layer has to be incorporated into or applied to the security document, since the surface of the polycarbonate layer is processed directly. Removing, exchanging or changing the microstructuring would damage or destroy the security document. A delamination of the microstructure from the layer cannot occur either. Counterfeiting is thus made almost impossible. Overall, the protection against forgery is thus increased by the method described and the security document described.
Ein durch die Mikrostrukturierung hervorgerufener Beugungseffekt wird umso sicherer, je schärfer die von der Mikrostrukturierung hervorgerufenen Beugungsmuster oder -reflexe sind. Dabei ist neben einer lateralen Mikrostruktur der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung vor allem auch eine vertikale Mikrostruktur der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung entscheidend. Deshalb ist in einer Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die beim Laminieren geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zusätzlich zu lateral ausgebildeten Mikrostrukturen auch vertikal ausgebildete Mikrostrukturen mit unterschiedlichen Strukturtiefen aufweist. Nähert man die Beugungseffekte an der Mikrostrukturierung durch die Bragg-Gleichung an, so entspricht die vertikale Mikrostruktur einem Vorhandensein zusätzlicher parallel zur Schichtebene ausgebildeter Netzebenen, an denen einfallendes Licht "reflektiert" wird und entsprechend der Bragg-Bedingung konstruktiv oder destruktiv interferiert. Dadurch werden einzelne Beugungsreflexe schärfer ausgeprägt, was wiederum zu einem schärferen Farbeffekt führt.A diffraction effect caused by the microstructuring becomes more reliable the sharper the diffraction patterns or reflections caused by the microstructuring are. In addition to a lateral microstructure of the relief-like microstructuring, a vertical microstructure of the relief-like microstructuring is also crucial. It is therefore provided in one embodiment that the relief-like microstructuring embossed during lamination also has vertically formed microstructures with different structural depths in addition to laterally formed microstructures. If the diffraction effects on the microstructuring are approximated by the Bragg equation, then the vertical microstructure corresponds to the presence of additional lattice planes formed parallel to the layer plane, at which incident light is "reflected" and interferes constructively or destructively according to the Bragg condition. As a result, individual diffraction reflections become sharper, which in turn leads to a sharper color effect.
In einer Ausführungsform ist dabei vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung laterale Strukturgrößen in einem Bereich von 0,5 bis 6 µm aufweist. Dabei können beispielsweise mehrere laterale Strukturen einzelne Pixel ausbilden, wobei ein einzelner Pixel dann eine Mikrostruktur, beispielsweise ein Beugungsgitter mit einer festen Gitterkonstante, aufweisen kann.In one embodiment, it is provided that the embossing die is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring has lateral structure sizes in a range from 0.5 to 6 μm. In this case, for example, a plurality of lateral structures can form individual pixels, in which case an individual pixel can then have a microstructure, for example a diffraction grating with a fixed grating constant.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung vertikale Strukturgrößen in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 6 µm aufweist. Dabei können in einer Mikrostrukturierung sämtliche Werte im Bereich zwischen 0,1 und 6 µm vorhanden sein. Jedem Bildpunkt bzw. jedem Pixel kann beispielsweise eine lokale als Mikrostrukturierung ausgebildete Beugungsstruktur mit einem Farbwert zugeordnet sein, so dass insgesamt eine Parzellierung in einzelne reflektierende Beugungsstrukturen vorliegt. Um den entsprechenden Farbwert zu erzeugen, kann die Mikrostrukturierung eines Bildpunktes bzw. Pixels dann sowohl lateral wie vertikal strukturiert sein. Durch die vertikale Mikrostrukturierung wird erreicht, dass für jeden Bildpunkt bzw. Pixel mehrere Netzebenen zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.In a further embodiment it is provided that the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring has vertical structure sizes in a range from 0.1 to 6 μm. All values in the range between 0.1 and 6 μm can be present in a microstructuring. Each picture element or each pixel can be assigned, for example, a local diffraction structure designed as a microstructuring and having a color value, so that overall there is a subdivision into individual reflecting diffraction structures. In order to generate the corresponding color value, the microstructuring of an image point or pixel can then be structured both laterally and vertically. The vertical microstructuring ensures that several network levels can be made available for each picture element or pixel.
Ein Bildpunkt bzw. Pixel kann hingegen auch durch Subpixel gebildet werden, wobei jeder Subpixel eine eigene Beugungsstruktur umfasst. Ein dem Bildpunkt bzw. Pixel zugeordneter Farbwert kann dann durch Farbaddition der einzelnen Farben der Subpixel erzeugt werden. Auch die den Subpixeln zugeordneten Bereiche der Mikrostrukturierung können lateral als auch vertikal strukturiert sein.On the other hand, a picture element or pixel can also be formed by subpixels, with each subpixel having its own diffraction structure. A color value assigned to the picture element or pixel can then be generated by color addition of the individual colors of the subpixels. The areas of the microstructuring assigned to the subpixels can also be structured laterally and vertically.
Eine auf der Oberfläche ausgebildete Mikrostrukturierung kann äußeren Einflüssen ausgesetzt sein. Bei Sicherheitsdokumenten kann dies beispielsweise eine mechanische Beanspruchung durch Gebrauch oder Lagerung des Sicherheitsdokumentes sein. Deshalb ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass dieser einen im Bereich der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung erhabenen Bereich aufweist, so dass die nach dem Laminieren ausgebildete reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung vertieft bezüglich extremaler Vorsprünge an einer Oberfläche des Dokumentenkörpers ausgebildet ist. Durch das Absenken der geprägten Mikrostrukturierung bleibt diese geschützt gegenüber mechanischer Beanspruchung und Abrieb, beispielsweise, wenn das Dokument auf einer Tischplatte mit nach unten weisender, der Tischplatte zugewandten, Mikrostrukturierung bewegt wird. Da lediglich die restliche Oberfläche des Dokumentenkörpers auf der Tischplatte aufliegt, die geprägte Mikrostrukturierung jedoch keinen direkten Kontakt mit der Tischplatte hat, bleibt die geprägte Mikrostrukturierung geschützt.A microstructure formed on the surface can be exposed to external influences. In the case of security documents, this can be, for example, mechanical stress as a result of use or storage of the security document. A further embodiment therefore provides that the embossing die is provided in such a way that it has a raised area in the area of the relief-like microstructuring, so that the relief-like microstructuring formed after lamination is recessed with respect to extremal projections on a surface of the document body. By lowering the embossed microstructure, it remains protected against mechanical stress and abrasion, for example when the document is moved on a tabletop with the microstructure pointing downwards and facing the tabletop. Since only the remaining surface of the document body rests on the tabletop, but the embossed microstructure has no direct contact with the tabletop, the embossed microstructure remains protected.
Der gleiche schützende Effekt kann erzielt werden, wenn ein erhabener Bereich ausgebildet wird oder mehrere erhabene Bereiche ausgebildet werden, welcher oder welche eine an der Oberfläche des Dokumentenkörpers ausgebildete (nicht versenkte) Mikrostrukturierung vor mechanischer Beanspruchung schützt bzw. schützen. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist deshalb vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass dieser zumindest in einem Bereich eine Vertiefung aufweist, so dass die nach dem Laminieren ausgebildete reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung vertieft bezüglich durch einen erhabenen Bereich ausgebildete extremale Vorsprünge an einer Oberfläche des Dokumentenkörpers ausgebildet ist. Der erhabene Bereich sorgt dafür, dass beispielweise eine Tischplatte wie im obigen Beispiel auf Abstand zur Mikrostrukturierung gehalten wird.The same protective effect can be achieved if a raised area is formed or several raised areas are formed, which protects a (not sunken) microstructure formed on the surface of the document body from mechanical stress. In a further embodiment, it is therefore provided that the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that it has a depression in at least one area, so that the relief-like microstructuring formed after lamination is formed in a recessed manner with respect to extremal projections formed by a raised area on a surface of the document body . The raised area ensures that a tabletop, for example, as in the example above, is kept at a distance from the microstructure.
Die Mikrostrukturierung kann sowohl an einer Oberseite des Dokumentenkörpers als auch an einer Unterseite des Dokumentenkörpers ausgebildet sein. Sind auf beiden Seiten des Dokumentenkörpers Substratschichten aus Polycarbonat vorhanden, so kann ein weiteres Laminationsblech mit einem weiteren Prägestempel bereitgestellt werden, um auch auf dieser Seite beim Laminieren eine Mikrostrukturierung auszubilden. Deshalb ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass ein weiteres Laminationsblech mit einem weiteren Prägestempel bereitgestellt wird, wobei der weitere Prägestempel ebenfalls eine reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung aufweist, so dass beim Laminieren sowohl auf einer Oberseite als auch auf einer Unterseite des Dokumentenkörpers jeweils eine geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung ausgebildet wird. Die Prägestempel für die Oberseite und die Unterseite können dabei unterschiedlich oder gleich ausgebildet sein.The microstructuring can be formed both on an upper side of the document body and on an underside of the document body. If substrate layers made of polycarbonate are present on both sides of the document body, a further lamination sheet with a further embossing stamp can be provided in order to also form a microstructure on this side during lamination. It is therefore provided in a further embodiment that a further lamination sheet is provided with a further embossing die, the further embossing die also having a relief-like microstructuring, so that during lamination both on a An embossed relief-like microstructuring is formed on both the top and bottom of the document body. The embossing stamps for the top and bottom can be designed differently or the same.
Um über die Mikrostrukturierung ein Sicherheitsmerkmal zu schaffen, welches bei einer Betrachtung in Durchsicht im Durchlicht sichtbar ist, muss der Dokumentenkörper von der Oberseite bis zur Unterseite transparent oder zumindest transluzent ausgebildet sein. Es ist deshalb vorgesehen, dass die Substratschichten derartig bereitgestellt werden, dass diese zumindest in einem Teilbereich der geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung transparent ausgebildet sind. Die Mikrostrukturierung kann dann in Durchsicht beleuchtet werden, so dass Beugungseffekte, beispielsweise hervorgerufen durch eine Punktlichtquelle, in Durchsicht sichtbar sind.In order to create a security feature via the microstructuring, which is visible when viewed in transmitted light, the document body must be transparent or at least translucent from the top to the bottom. Provision is therefore made for the substrate layers to be provided in such a way that they are transparent at least in a partial area of the embossed, relief-like microstructuring. The microstructuring can then be illuminated in transmission, so that diffraction effects, for example caused by a point light source, are visible in transmission.
Die Sicherheit des Sicherheitsdokumentes kann weiter erhöht werden, wenn zusätzliche Information in die Mikrostrukturierung eingebracht wird. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die beim Laminieren ausgebildete Mikrostrukturierung lokal gezielt wieder zerstört wird, beispielsweise in Form von Buchstaben, einer Graphik oder eines Bildes. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist deshalb vorgesehen, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung nach dem Laminieren zumindest in einem Teilbereich an einer Oberfläche mittels Laserbestrahlung lokal aufgeschmolzen und dadurch strukturell zerstört wird, wobei durch das lokale Aufschmelzen eine Information ausgebildet wird. Die durch das lokale Aufschmelzen eingebrachte Information kann dabei auch mit der geprägten Mikrostrukturierung verschränkt sein, so dass eine zusätzliche Erhöhung der Sicherheit erreicht wird. Durch das lokale Aufschmelzen wird eine Materialänderung bewirkt, ohne dass Licht absorbierende Bereiche, wie beispielsweise Schwärzungen, geschaffen werden. Eine auf diese Weise über veränderte Bereiche gespeicherte Information ist dann beispielsweise durch xerographische Verfahren nicht reproduzierbar.The security of the security document can be further increased if additional information is incorporated into the microstructuring. This can be achieved, for example, in that the microstructuring formed during lamination is destroyed again in a targeted manner locally, for example in the form of letters, a graphic or an image. In an advantageous embodiment, it is therefore provided that the embossed relief-like microstructuring is locally melted after lamination at least in a partial area on a surface by means of laser irradiation and is thereby structurally destroyed, information being formed as a result of the local melting. The information introduced by the local melting can also be intertwined with the embossed microstructuring, so that an additional increase in security is achieved. The local melting causes a material change without creating light-absorbing areas, such as blackening. Information stored in this way via changed areas cannot then be reproduced, for example by xerographic methods.
Um nach dem Laminieren einen Schutz vor Verschmutzung, Abrieb und Kratzern zu erlangen, kann eine Lackschicht auf die geprägte Mikrostruktur aufgebracht werden. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist dazu vorgesehen, dass nach dem Laminieren eine Lackschicht auf die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung aufgebracht wird. Insbesondere wird der aufgebrachte Lack derart ausgewählt, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung geschützt wird, der Beugungseffekt jedoch weiterhin sichtbar bleibt. Die Viskosität des Lacks wird dabei derart gewählt, dass der Lack eine geschlossene Fläche schafft, ohne zu nivellieren und die optischen Eigenschaften der Mikrostrukturierung zu beeinträchtigen. Insbesondere sollte der Lack nach dem Auftragen und gegebenenfalls notwendigen härten vorzugsweise eine größere Härte als Polycarbonat aufweisen, in welchem die Mikrostrukturierungen ausgebildet sind, um einer mechanischen Beanspruchung effektiv widerstehen zu können. Beispielsweise kann in einem solchen Lack fein gemahlener Korund zum Einsatz kommen.A layer of lacquer can be applied to the embossed microstructure to provide protection against dirt, abrasion and scratches after lamination. In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that after the lamination, a lacquer layer is applied to the embossed, relief-like microstructuring. In particular, the lacquer applied is selected in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring is protected, but the diffraction effect remains visible. The viscosity of the paint is chosen such that the paint a creates a closed surface without leveling and impairing the optical properties of the microstructure. In particular, after application and any necessary hardening, the paint should preferably have a greater hardness than polycarbonate in which the microstructures are formed, in order to be able to effectively withstand mechanical stress. For example, finely ground corundum can be used in such a paint.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung in mehreren Bereichen als Beugungsgitter mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Beugungseigenschaften ausgebildet wird. Dies ermöglicht beispielsweise ein Erlangen unterschiedlicher Farbeindrücke, welche beim Betrachten der geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung erfassbar sind. Durch die mehreren Bereiche mit Beugungsgittern mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften wird die Fälschungssicherheit des Sicherheitsdokumentes weiter gesteigert, da es für einen Fälscher oder Nachahmer schwerer wird, sämtliche Bereiche so zu fälschen oder nachzuahmen, dass sie als echt befunden werden.In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring is formed in several areas as a diffraction grating, each with different diffraction properties. This makes it possible, for example, to obtain different color impressions, which can be detected when looking at the embossed, relief-like microstructuring. The multiple areas with diffraction gratings, each with different properties, further increase the security document's security against forgery, since it becomes more difficult for a forger or imitator to forge or imitate all areas in such a way that they are found to be genuine.
Insbesondere kann die Fälschungssicherheit gesteigert werden, wenn ein für den menschlichen Betrachter unmittelbarer Farbeffekt erfassbar und überprüfbar ist. Dies ist beispielsweise bei fotographischen Abbildungen der Fall, da sie auf einer farb- und perspektivengetreuen Abbildung der realen Welt basieren und somit der Erfahrungswelt des Menschen unmittelbar entsprechen. In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist deshalb vorgesehen, dass die mehreren Bereiche derartig ausgebildet sind, dass eine Reproduktion einer fotographischen Abbildung ausgebildet wird.In particular, security against forgery can be increased if a color effect that is immediate for the human observer can be detected and checked. This is the case, for example, with photographic images, since they are based on an image of the real world that is true to color and perspective and thus correspond directly to the world of human experience. In an advantageous further development it is therefore provided that the plurality of areas are formed in such a way that a reproduction of a photographic image is formed.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die mehreren Bereiche derartig ausgebildet sind, dass zumindest bei einer Betrachtung unter einem bestimmten Winkel ein Echtfarbenbild erzeugt wird. Das Echtfarbenbild kann beispielsweise eine fotographische Abbildung sein. Durch die Echtfarben wird erreicht, dass das Sicherheitsdokument unmittelbar durch einen menschlichen Betrachter verifiziert werden kann. Das Echtfarbenbild kann dabei aber auch ein farbiges Logo, ein Symbol oder ein anderes Motiv sein.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is further provided that the plurality of areas are designed in such a way that a true-color image is generated at least when viewed from a specific angle. The true color image can be a photographic image, for example. The real colors mean that the security document can be verified directly by a human observer. However, the real-color image can also be a colored logo, a symbol or another motif.
Es kann gewünscht sein, dass eine gesamte Oberseite oder Unterseite des Sicherheitsdokumentes gegen Fälschung und Nachahmung geschützt ist. Dieses ermöglicht ein einfaches Erkennen, ob an irgendeiner Stelle der gesamten Oberseite oder Unterseite eine Manipulation oder ein anderer Eingriff stattgefunden hat. Deshalb ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung eine Ausdehnung über eine gesamte Fläche einer Seite des Dokumentenkörpers aufweist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass der Beugungseffekt über die gesamte Fläche der Seite des Dokumentenkörpers ausgebildet wird. Die gesamte Fläche ist dann gegenüber einem Angriff geschützt, da ein Fälschen oder Nachahmen die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zerstört und dadurch bei einer späteren Verifikation erkennbar macht. Auch das Einbringen einer neuen geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung wird durch ein Ausbilden über die gesamte Fläche einer Seite des Dokumentenkörpers erschwert. Ein solches lokales Einbringen im Bereich, der gefälscht wurde, würde durch einen anders ausgebildeten Beugungseffekt und eine einen einheitlichen und zusammenhängenden optischen Eindruck unterbrechende sichtbare Nahtstelle zwischen dem gefälschten und dem originalen Bereich auf der Seite des Dokumentenkörpers visuell erkennbar werden.It may be desired that an entire top or bottom of the security document is protected against forgery and counterfeiting. This allows for easy identification of whether tampering or other interference has occurred anywhere on the entire top or bottom. It is therefore provided in an advantageous embodiment that the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed relief-like microstructuring has an extension over an entire surface of one side of the document body. This achieves that the diffraction effect is formed over the entire surface of the side of the document body. The entire surface is then protected against an attack, since forgery or imitation destroys the embossed, relief-like microstructuring and thus makes it recognizable in a later verification. The introduction of a new, embossed, relief-like microstructuring is also made more difficult by forming it over the entire surface of one side of the document body. Such a local introduction in the area which was counterfeited would be visually recognizable by a differently developed diffraction effect and a visible seam between the counterfeit and the original area on the side of the document body, interrupting a uniform and coherent visual impression.
In einer Weiterbildung ist dabei insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig ausgebildet ist, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zumindest in einem Teilbereich ein zweidimensionales Beugungsgitter aufweist, so dass bei einer Betrachtung mit einer Punktlichtquelle ein Beugungsmuster sichtbar ist, bei einer Betrachtung mit diffusem Licht das Beugungsmuster hingegen nicht sichtbar ist. Dabei kann das zweidimensionale Beugungsgitter beispielsweise eine in beiden Dimensionen periodisch ausgebildete Mikrostruktur sein. Bei einer Betrachtung mit einer Punktlichtquelle ist dann ein regelmäßiges Beugungsmuster sichtbar, wobei das Beugungsmuster in der Regel aus punktförmigen oder ellipsenförmigen Elementen zusammengesetzt ist. Die ellipsenförmigen Elemente zeigen dabei je nach Art der verwendeten Punktlichtquelle unter Umständen einen Farbverlauf. Bei einer Betrachtung mit diffusem Licht überlagern sich erzeugte Streureflexe hingegen im Mittel derart, dass kein Beugungsmuster sichtbar ist. Ein auf diese Weise ausgeprägter Beugungseffekt kann beispielsweise auf einfache Art mittels einer in heutigen Smartphones verbauten Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle (z.B. eine weiße LED) hervorgerufen werden. Somit steht ein Sicherheitsmerkmal zur Verfügung, welches mittels einfacher Methoden und Vorrichtungen im Sinne eines Level-1-Merkmals überprüft werden kann.In a development, it is provided in particular that the embossing die is designed in such a way that the embossed relief-like microstructuring has a two-dimensional diffraction grating at least in a partial area, so that a diffraction pattern is visible when viewed with a point light source, and the diffraction pattern when viewed with diffuse light however, is not visible. In this case, the two-dimensional diffraction grating can be, for example, a microstructure formed periodically in both dimensions. A regular diffraction pattern is then visible when viewed with a point light source, the diffraction pattern generally being composed of point-shaped or elliptical elements. Depending on the type of point light source used, the elliptical elements may show a color gradient. On the other hand, when viewed with diffuse light, scattered reflections are superimposed on average in such a way that no diffraction pattern is visible. A diffraction effect that is pronounced in this way can be produced in a simple manner, for example, by means of a white light point light source (eg a white LED) installed in today's smartphones. A security feature is thus available which can be checked using simple methods and devices in the sense of a
Das zweidimensionale Beugungsgitter kann beispielsweise durch eine Mikrostrukturierung in Form von zwei in orthogonalen Richtungen überlagerten Sinusfunktionen gebildet sein ("Eierkarton"-Struktur). Ferner können aber auch mehrere periodische Strukturen, auch mit unterschiedlicher Periodizität überlagert werden. So können beispielsweise auch zwei nicht-orthogonal zueinander ausgerichtete Streifengitter in der Mikrostrukturierung ausgebildet sein.The two-dimensional diffraction grating can be formed, for example, by microstructuring in the form of two superimposed sine functions in orthogonal directions ("egg carton" structure). Furthermore, however, several periodic structures can also be superimposed, even with different periodicity. For example, two strip gratings that are not aligned orthogonally to one another can also be formed in the microstructuring.
Insbesondere können derart beispielsweise Sicherheitsdokumente wie Reisepässe, Ausweise oder andere Identifikationskarten mit einer Mikrostrukturierung versehen werden, welche eine gesamte Fläche einer Oberseite und/oder Unterseite des Sicherheitsdokumentes umfassen, so dass die gesamte Fläche abgesichert ist gegenüber einer Fälschung oder einer Nachahmung. Ein solches Sicherheitsdokument kann dann mittels der Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle eines Smartphones auf seine Echtheit überprüft werden. Jegliche Manipulation einer unterhalb der geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung liegenden Informationsschicht würde zu einer Zerstörung der Mikrostrukturierung führen. Eine solche Zerstörung und auch ein anschließendes Nacharbeiten der zerstörten Stelle könnte auf einfache Weise mittels der Punktlichtquelle überprüft werden, da sowohl die Zerstörung als auch Nahtstellen nachträglich hinzugefügter Mikrostrukturierungen für den menschlichen Betrachter sichtbar werden.In particular, for example, security documents such as passports, identity cards or other identification cards can be provided with a microstructuring that covers an entire area of a top and/or bottom of the security document, so that the entire area is protected against forgery or imitation. Such a security document can then be checked for authenticity using the white light point light source of a smartphone. Any manipulation of an information layer lying below the embossed, relief-like microstructuring would lead to the destruction of the microstructuring. Such a destruction and also a subsequent reworking of the destroyed area could be checked in a simple manner by means of the point light source, since both the destruction and the seams of subsequently added microstructuring become visible to the human observer.
Um die Sicherheit der geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung weiter zu steigern, ist in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass der Prägestempel derartig bereitgestellt wird, dass die geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zumindest in einem Teilbereich eine holographische Information trägt.In order to further increase the security of the embossed, relief-like microstructuring, an advantageous embodiment provides that the embossing stamp is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructuring carries holographic information at least in a partial area.
Ein Sicherheitsdokument mit einem der oben beschriebenen Sicherheitsmerkmale kann natürlich auch weitere Sicherheitsmerkmale umfassen. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit wird dies hier aber nicht im Detail beschrieben. So kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass das Sicherheitsdokument ein innenliegendes Hologramm, einen integrierten Mikrochip, einen Sicherheitsdruck oder ein anderes optisch, haptisch oder maschinell erfassbares Sicherheitsmerkmal aufweist. Das Sicherheitsdokument kann ferner bedruckt sein.A security document with one of the security features described above can of course also include other security features. However, for the sake of clarity, this is not described in detail here. For example, it can be provided that the security document has an internal hologram, an integrated microchip, a security print or another optically, haptically or mechanically detectable security feature. The security document can also be printed.
Die beschriebenen Sicherheitsmerkmale und das Sicherheitsdokument mit den beschriebenen Sicherheitsmerkmalen kann neben einer Überprüfung durch einen menschlichen Betrachter auch maschinell überprüft werden. So kann beispielsweise eine fotografische Abbildung des Beugungseffektes erfasst und ausgewertet werden, beispielsweise indem eine gesamte Oberfläche des Sicherheitsdokumentes, gegebenenfalls durch Erfassen mehrerer fotografischer Abbildungen an unterschiedlichen Positionen der Oberfläche, auf Vorliegen des Beugungseffektes hin untersucht wird. Dazu ist es ebenfalls möglich, den Beugungseffekt mittels einer optischen Anordnung spektroskopisch zu zerlegen und auf das Vorliegen bestimmter Linien oder Bereiche im Spektrum hin zu untersuchen. Liegt ein erwarteter Beugungseffekt vor, so wird das Sicherheitsdokument als echt beurteilt. Lässt sich der erwartete Beugungseffekt hingegen nicht nachweisen, so wird das Sicherheitsdokument für nicht echt befunden.The security features described and the security document with the security features described can be checked by a human viewer can also be checked by machine. For example, a photographic image of the diffraction effect can be recorded and evaluated, for example by examining an entire surface of the security document, possibly by capturing a number of photographic images at different positions on the surface, for the presence of the diffraction effect. For this purpose, it is also possible to spectroscopically analyze the diffraction effect using an optical arrangement and to examine it for the presence of certain lines or areas in the spectrum. If an expected diffraction effect is present, the security document is judged to be genuine. If, on the other hand, the expected diffraction effect cannot be demonstrated, the security document is found not to be genuine.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1a bis 1d
- eine schematische Darstellung von Verfahrensschritten einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokumentes;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Dokumentenkörpers mit einer geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung, welche einen Beugungseffekt hervorruft;
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Prägestempels, bei dem die reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung zum Schutz vor mechanischer Beanspruchung auf einem erhabenen Bereich ausgebildet ist;
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Prägestempels, bei dem die reliefartige Mikrostrukturierung durch einen benachbarten erhabenen Bereich vor mechanischer Beanspruchung geschützt wird;
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung einer zweidimensional periodisch ausgebildeten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung zum Erzeugen eines zweidimensionalen Beugungseffektes über eine gesamte Fläche eines Sicherheitsdokumentes;
- Fig. 6a
- eine schematische Darstellung einer von einem menschlichen Betrachter unter diffuser Beleuchtung erfassten Oberseite eines Sicherheitsdokumentes mit der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Fig. 5 ; - Fig. 6b
- eine schematische Darstellung der von einem menschlichen Betrachter unter Beleuchtung mit einer Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle erfassten Oberseite des Sicherheitsdokumentes mit der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Fig. 5 ; - Fig. 6c
- eine schematische Darstellung der von einem menschlichen Betrachter unter Beleuchtung mit einer Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle erfassten Oberseite des Sicherheitsdokumentes mit der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Fig. 5 an einer anderen Stelle auf der Oberseite des Sicherheitsdokumentes; - Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung der von einem menschlichen Betrachter erfassten Oberseite einer geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung, welche eine fotographische Reproduktion als Echtfarbenbild darstellt.
- 1a to 1d
- a schematic representation of method steps of an embodiment of the method for producing a security document;
- 2
- a schematic representation of a document body with an embossed relief-like microstructuring, which causes a diffraction effect;
- 3
- a schematic representation of an embossing stamp in which the relief-like microstructuring is formed on a raised area to protect against mechanical stress;
- 4
- a schematic representation of an embossing stamp in which the relief-like microstructuring is protected from mechanical stress by an adjacent raised area;
- figure 5
- a schematic representation of a two-dimensional periodic relief-like microstructuring for generating a two-dimensional diffraction effect over an entire surface of a security document;
- Figure 6a
- a schematic representation of a top side of a security document with the relief-like microstructuring according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG
figure 5 ; - Figure 6b
- a schematic representation of the top of the security document with the relief-like microstructuring according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG
figure 5 ; - Figure 6c
- a schematic representation of the top of the security document with the relief-like microstructuring according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG
figure 5 elsewhere on top of the security document; - 7
- a schematic representation of the detected by a human viewer top of an embossed relief-like microstructuring, which represents a photographic reproduction as a true color image.
Die
Im nächsten Verfahrensschritt (
Anschließend (
Im letzten Verfahrensschritt (
Das entstandene Sicherheitsdokument 1 ist in
Neben einer Verifikation des Sicherheitsdokumentes 1 durch einen menschlichen Betrachter 15 ist natürlich auch eine maschinelle Echtheitsprüfung möglich. So kann beispielsweise eine fotografische Abbildung des Beugungseffektes erfasst und ausgewertet werden, beispielsweise indem eine gesamte Oberfläche des Sicherheitsdokumentes, gegebenenfalls durch Erfassen mehrerer fotografischer Abbildungen an unterschiedlichen Positionen der Oberfläche, auf Vorliegen des Beugungseffektes hin untersucht wird. Dazu ist es ebenfalls möglich, den Beugungseffekt mittels einer optischen Anordnung spektroskopisch zu zerlegen und auf das Vorliegen bestimmter Linien oder Bereiche im Spektrum hin zu untersuchen. Liegt ein erwarteter Beugungseffekt vor, so wird das Sicherheitsdokument 1 als echt beurteilt. Lässt sich der erwartete Beugungseffekt hingegen nicht nachweisen, so wird das Sicherheitsdokument 1 für nicht echt befunden.In addition to verification of the
Die
Unter diffuser Beleuchtung 26 (
In
Wird die Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle 27 lateral in Richtung einer Ebene der Oberseite 12 des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 verschoben, so ergibt sich der gleiche Beugungseffekt 30. Diese Situation ist schematisch in
Auf diese Weise kann somit die gesamte Fläche der Oberseite 12 des Sicherheitsdokuments 1 gegenüber einer Fälschung oder Nachahmung abgesichert werden. Mit relativ einfachen Mitteln, beispielsweise der Weißlicht-Punktlichtquelle 27 der Kamera eines modernen Smartphones, kann der Beugungseffekt 30 für den menschlichen Betrachter 15 sichtbar gemacht werden.In this way, the entire surface of the
Ein menschlicher Betrachter 15 kann somit ohne großen Aufwand eine Echtheitsprüfung der gesamten Fläche der Oberseite 12 des Sicherheitsdokumentes 1 vornehmen. Ist beispielsweise das Passbild 28 verändert worden, so hat dies eine Zerstörung der reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung an der Oberseite 12 des Sicherheitsdokumentes 1 zur Folge. Dies wird auch Einfluss auf den Beugungseffekt 30 an dieser Stelle der Oberseite 12 haben, da ein exaktes Wiederherstellen der geprägten reliefartigen Mikrostrukturierung im Bereich des Passbildes 28 nahezu unmöglich ist oder nur mit sehr großem technischen Aufwand erreicht werden kann.A
- 11
- Sicherheitsdokumentsecurity document
- 22
- Substratschichtsubstrate layer
- 33
- obere Substratschichttop substrate layer
- 44
- mittlere Substratschichtmiddle substrate layer
- 55
- untere Substratschichtlower substrate layer
- 66
- Substratschichtenstapelsubstrate layer stack
- 77
- Laminationsvorrichtunglamination device
- 8.18.1
- oberes Laminationsblechupper lamination sheet
- 8.28.2
- unteres Laminationsblechlower lamination sheet
- 99
- Prägestempelembossing stamp
- 1010
- reliefartige Mikrostrukturierungrelief-like microstructuring
- 1111
- Dokumentenkörperdocument body
- 1212
- Oberseitetop
- 1313
- DruckPrint
- 1414
- geprägte reliefartige Mikrostrukturierungembossed relief microstructure
- 1515
- menschlicher Betrachterhuman viewer
- 1616
- Beugungseffektdiffraction effect
- 1717
-
Level-1-Merkmal
Level 1 Trait - 1818
- erhabener Bereichraised area
- 1919
- makroskopische Ebenemacroscopic level
- 2020
- abgesenkte Vertiefunglowered depression
- 2121
- Vertiefungdeepening
- 2222
- erhabener Bereichraised area
- 2323
- x-Richtungx direction
- 2424
- y-Richtungy direction
- 2525
- Periodenlängeperiod length
- 2626
- diffuse Beleuchtungdiffuse lighting
- 2727
- Weißlicht-PunktlichtquelleWhite light point light source
- 2828
- Passbildpassport photo
- 2929
- Texttext
- 3030
- Beugungseffektdiffraction effect
- 3131
- MittelpunktFocus
- 3232
- Streifenstripes
- 3333
- Echtfarbenbildtrue color image
- 3434
- Pixelpixel
- 3535
- Bereicharea
- 3636
- Beugungsgitterdiffraction grating
- 3737
- Weißlichtquellewhite light source
Claims (16)
- A method for manufacturing a security document (1), comprising the following steps:Providing substrate layers (2, 3, 4, 5), at least one of the substrate layers (3) being made of polycarbonate,providing a lamination sheet (8.1, 8.2) with an embossing die (9), the embossing die (9) having a relief-like microstructure (10),laminating the substrate layers (2, 3, 4, 5), the lamination sheet (8.1) being arranged with the embossing die (10) on an external top side (12) of the at least one polycarbonate substrate layer (3) in such a way that, during lamination, the relief-like microstructure (10) of the embossing die (9) is transferred to the polycarbonate substrate layer (3) and a document body (11) is formed by the lamination, and the embossing die (9) being provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) is formed at least in one region as a diffraction grating (36) in order to produce a diffraction effect (16, 30),characterized in that the substrate layers (2, 3, 4, 5) are provided in such a manner that they are transparent at least in one portion of the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) .
- The method as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the relief-like microstructure (14) that is embossed during lamination also has vertically pronounced microstructures with different structural depths in addition to laterally pronounced microstructures.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) has lateral structure sizes in a range from 0.5 to 6 µm.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) has vertical structure sizes in a range from 0.1 to 6 µm.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that it has a raised region (18) in the vicinity of the relief-like microstructure (10), so that the relief-like microstructure (14) that has been formed after lamination is recessed with respect to extremal projections on a surface of the document body (1).
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that it has a depression (21) in at least one region, so that the relief-like microstructure (14) that has been formed after lamination is recessed with respect to extremal projections that are formed by a raised region (22) on a surface of the document body (1).
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional lamination sheet (8.2) is provided with an additional embossing die, the additional embossing die also having a relief-like microstructure (10), so that an embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) is formed during lamination both on a top side (12) and on a bottom side of the document body (11).
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after lamination, the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) is locally melted at least in one portion on a surface by means of laser irradiation and thereby structurally destroyed, with information being formed as a result of the local melting.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after lamination, a paint coat is applied to the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14).
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) is formed in a plurality of regions (35) as diffraction gratings (36), each with different diffraction properties.
- The method as set forth in claim 10, characterized in that the plurality of regions (35) are formed in such a way that a reproduction of a photographic image is formed.
- The method as set forth in claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of regions (35) are embodied in such a way that a true color image (33) is generated at least when viewed from a specific angle.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) extends over an entire surface of one side (12) of the document body (11).
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is designed in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) has a two-dimensional diffraction grating (36) at least in one portion, so that when it is viewed with a point light source (27), a diffraction pattern is visible, but when it is viewed with diffuse light (26), the diffraction pattern is not visible.
- The method as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the embossing die (9) is provided in such a way that the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) carries holographic information at least in one portion.
- A security document (1), comprising:a document body (11) with a top side (12) and a bottom side situated opposite the top side (12), the document body (11) having at least one material layer made of polycarbonate, at least one security feature,wherein the at least one security feature is instantiated by an embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) in the at least one material layer made of polycarbonate, and wherein the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14) is embodied as a diffraction grating (36) in at least one region in order to produce a diffraction effect (16, 30),characterized in that the substrate layers (2, 3, 4, 5) are provided in such a way that they are transparent at least in one portion of the embossed, relief-like microstructure (14).
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DE102018106430B4 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-08-12 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security element with micro- or nano-structuring |
DE102018221975A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Hologram master for the production of individualized holograms with kinetic diffraction structures |
DE102020000104A1 (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-15 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Production of an embossing tool and embossed security elements |
CN115494567B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-21 | 江苏邑文微电子科技有限公司 | Composite structure of microlens array nanometer grating, preparation method and application |
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DE102012211077A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security element with diffractive structures having microstructures and methods for production and verification |
EP2927013A1 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-07 | Gemalto SA | Data carrier and method for manufacturing a data carrier |
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2015
- 2015-12-22 DE DE102015226602.8A patent/DE102015226602A1/en active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-12-22 WO PCT/EP2016/082462 patent/WO2017109120A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-12-22 ES ES16822462T patent/ES2925556T3/en active Active
- 2016-12-22 PL PL16822462.4T patent/PL3393821T3/en unknown
- 2016-12-22 EP EP16822462.4A patent/EP3393821B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102015226602A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
EP3393821A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
WO2017109120A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
PL3393821T3 (en) | 2022-09-26 |
ES2925556T3 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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