EP3775750A1 - High-performance anti-icing exchanger - Google Patents

High-performance anti-icing exchanger

Info

Publication number
EP3775750A1
EP3775750A1 EP19719558.9A EP19719558A EP3775750A1 EP 3775750 A1 EP3775750 A1 EP 3775750A1 EP 19719558 A EP19719558 A EP 19719558A EP 3775750 A1 EP3775750 A1 EP 3775750A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flanges
holes
tubes
heat exchanger
fins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19719558.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mario BORRÀS PONS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Systemair Ac Sas
Original Assignee
Systemair Ac Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Systemair Ac Sas filed Critical Systemair Ac Sas
Publication of EP3775750A1 publication Critical patent/EP3775750A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchangers, its manufacture and use. It relates more particularly to those which are reversible and arranged outside especially those used in heat pumps or air conditioning.
  • Heat exchangers can frost in critical ice setting conditions, ie when the temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and humidity reaches 85%, this results in a loss of performance, and may cause the complete shutdown of the exchanger.
  • frost it is known to stop after a certain time the thermodynamic heating cycle to reverse evaporation and condensation. This has the effect of cooling the water on the warm side (the radiators), thus allowing the outdoor heat exchanger to heat up and melt the frost.
  • this has a direct impact on the heating and decreases the performance of the machine.
  • the transverse pitch the space between the copper tubes in the direction transverse to the direction of the air
  • the fin pitch the space between two fins
  • the object of the invention is to provide a high-performance anti-icing heat exchanger which allows a longer use in critical conditions while maintaining power and equivalent dimensions, while keeping the same amount of tubes and therefore in no time. not increasing the cost.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises fins punched with holes surrounded by flanges, n tubes passing through n holes and n flanges, each hole and its flange having a diameter di and a height h, characterized in that the number of holes is greater than n and the n flanges have a height hi of between 1.8 and 4.2 mm.
  • the free collars are additional obstacles to the air, to cause disturbances and forcing the heat exchange between the fin and the air.
  • the latter may have different shapes and dimensions of the n flanges crossed by the tubes.
  • the height hi n flanges will define the space between the fins.
  • the combination of the additional free collars with the greater distance between the fins makes it possible to compensate the loss of exchange (by-pass) which could result from this greater distance for an equivalent power while considerably limiting the frost in a critical situation.
  • the holes and the collars all have the same diameter. The manufacture and punching of the fins is thus easier.
  • the number of holes is equal to 2n.
  • the exchanges are thus doubled.
  • the holes are aligned longitudinally and the tubes pass through one hole in two by alignment.
  • the distribution of tubes and free collars are distributed evenly.
  • the holes with their flanges may be spaced from each other at a constant pitch both transversely and / or longitudinally.
  • the flanges are of cylindrical shape. This shape has the best surface of heat exchange with the air without generating a pressure drop on the air
  • the fins are made of aluminum.
  • the use of aluminum for the fins is a good compromise between thermal conductivity, ease of realization and cost.
  • the use of copper fins although better driver is possible, but it is harder to work and more expensive.
  • the tubes are made of copper. Copper is a good thermal conductor. The use of aluminum is also possible.
  • the holes of a row are offset from those of adjacent rows. This allows a better distribution of air around the tubes and collars.
  • This method has the advantage of being substantially close to the conventional method, except that more holes and flanges have to be stamped.
  • These holes and its flanges can be of different shape: circular and cylindrical of identical diameter for those who receive the tubes and of diameter and / or of different or identical shape for those intended to remain empty.
  • the method of heating a room according to the invention implements the heat exchanger with at least one of the preceding characteristics, it comprises two modes of operation:
  • a first heating mode when the temperature is higher than 2 ° C
  • a second heating mode when the outside temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and humidity reaches 85%
  • a defrost and a heating alternate with a time interval Dt the passage from one to the other being automatically regulated
  • tw is the humid temperature of the outside air in contact with the exchanger.
  • the pitch of the fins of the exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the time between two defrosting operations with respect to an equivalent heat exchanger.
  • the so-called "equivalent” heat exchanger a heat exchanger having the same number of tubes and which, for a given wet outside temperature, has the same the evaporation temperature. High humidity above 85% is the most unfavorable for the exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is thus such that the operating time in evaporator mode, or heating, without defrost is doubled compared to a conventional heat exchanger of the same power. Thanks to its additional collars arranged on the passage of the air one can obtain an equivalent power with a greater distance between the fins while limiting the frost in critical conditions, avoiding any loss of exchange.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are views of the assembly of the exchanger according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the exchanger of the preceding figures
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the heating capacity of a exchanger of the state of the art
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the heating capacity of an exchanger according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a heat exchanger of the state of the art
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the interval between two defrostings with respect to the humid temperature of the air in contact with the exchanger.
  • the top corresponds to the top of the figures and the bottom to the bottom
  • the longitudinal part is parallel to the z axis of FIG. 6
  • the transverse part is parallel to the x axis of FIG. .
  • a heat exchanger 1 of the state of the art as illustrated in FIG. 6 comprises tubes 2 and fins 3.
  • the tubes 2 are usually copper and bent pin 22. They are separated by a transverse pitch Pt.
  • the fins 3 can be flat, smooth, corrugated or louvered and are usually aluminum.
  • the stack of the fins 3 of the exchanger 1 has a length L.
  • the fins 3 are perforated with holes 30 in order to let the tubes 2 pass. These holes 30 are aligned in several vertical rows 33 spaced a distance, corresponding to the not longitudinal PI of space between the tubes 2.
  • the air passes through the exchanger 1 transversely in the direction of the arrow A.
  • a refrigerant circulates in the tubes 2 from an inlet tube 20 and exits through an outlet tube 31
  • This fluid can be for example of the water.
  • the tubes 2 and the fins 3 must be in close contact to ensure good conduction. To guarantee this contact, an expansion tube is introduced into each tube 2 after it has been inserted into the fins to widen it and ensure better contact with said fins 3.
  • the fins 3 must be spaced by a pitch Pa enough to let air circulate but not too important to avoid a loss of exchange (by-pass phenomenon).
  • This pitch Pa must be identical between each fin 3 in order to have a uniform exchange.
  • the pitch Pa of the fins 3 of the state of the art is such that under certain conditions of temperature and humidity of the frost can be formed the fins 3, it is then necessary to reverse the exchanger to heat the fins 3 and melt the frost. During this time, the room is no longer heated which causes inconvenience to the user.
  • the exchanger 1 according to the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, also has fins 3 and tubes 2.
  • the fins 3 are pierced with holes 30 lined with flanges 31 and aligned in several rows 33. These flanges 31 have height Pa '> Pa.
  • Two successive rows 33 are offset vertically relative to each other which gives flanges 31 staggered and which allows a better distribution of air.
  • the holes 30 and the flanges 31 of a row 33 are regularly spaced.
  • the number of holes 30 and flanges 31 are greater than the number of n tubes 2 of the exchanger 1.
  • the tubes 2 together constitute a pin 22 and are inserted in two. These two tubes 2 are inserted in the main holes 300 of the same row 33, but with a free hole 301 intermediate them. There are therefore main flanges 310 traversed by a tube 2 and free flanges 311 not crossed by a tube 3.
  • the tubes 2 are for example 50cm apart.
  • a conventional heat exchanger will operate as shown in Figure 4.
  • the outdoor temperature and humidity drop to a certain level for example, if the temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and the humidity at 85%, it will begin to frost, its heating capacity 4 gradually decreases 40 as frost sets in, so you have to switch on a defrost mode 5 to melt the frost.
  • This defrosting mode 5 consists in reversing the operating mode of the exchanger 1 which will then heat the fins and this hot fluid will be missing in the room which will then be cooled.
  • This mode has a disadvantage for the user, in order to limit it, it is possible to provide a buffer tank of about 3001 which allows the heating of the fins.
  • the exchanger according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 5 has a heating capacity 4 which decreases twice as late as that of FIG. 4, here the offset is 1 hour, the operating time is therefore doubled with respect to exchanger of the state of the art and without the need for a buffer tank.
  • the interval between two defrost is 130 minutes instead of one every 60 minutes.
  • the table of FIG. 7 illustrates the time interval Dt between two defrostings as a function of the humid temperature of the air in contact with the exchanger.
  • Curve A shows this gap with a heat exchanger of the state of the art and curve B that of the invention.
  • curve B shows that if the absolute humidity of the air increases with the temperature, frost is formed around 0 ° C. Above 2 ° C, the temperature is too high for the water to frost and below -7 ° C, the air becomes too dry. The critical zone is around 0 ° C.
  • the measurements below show that the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the time Dt between two defrosts.
  • the heat exchanger can indifferently be used on an air conditioner or a heat pump without departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising fins (3) pierced with holes (30, 300, 301) surrounded by flanges (31, 310, 311), n tubes (2) passing through n holes (300) and n flanges (311), each hole (30) and its flange (31) having a diameter d1 and a height h, characterized in that the number of holes (30) is greater than n and the n flanges (310) have a height h1 comprised between 1.8 and 4.2mm. There are therefore holes (301) and flanges (311) that are unused, i.e. that do not have tubes (2) passing through them, thereby increasing the exchange area. The unused flanges act as additional obstacles to the air and may have different shapes and dimensions from the n flanges through which the tubes pass. The height h of the n flanges will define the space between the fins. The combination of the additional flanges with the greater distance between the fins makes it possible to compensate from the loss of exchange (bypass) that could result from this greater distance while significantly limiting icing in critical situations, for an equivalent power and quantity of copper.

Description

ECHANGEUR HAUTE PERFORMANCE ANTI-GIVRE  HIGH PERFORMANCE HEAT EXCHANGER ANTI-FROZEN
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention se rapporte aux échangeurs de chaleurs, sa fabrication et son utilisation. Elle porte plus particulièrement sur ceux qui sont réversibles et disposés à l'extérieur notamment ceux utilisés dans les pompes à chaleur ou des climatisations.  The present invention relates to heat exchangers, its manufacture and use. It relates more particularly to those which are reversible and arranged outside especially those used in heat pumps or air conditioning.
Etat de la technique State of the art
Les échangeurs de chaleur peuvent givrer en condition critique de prise de glace, c'est-à-dire quand la température est entre -5°C et 2°C et que l'humidité atteint 85%, ceci entraîne une perte de performances, et peut provoquer l'arrêt complet de l'échangeur. Pour éviter la formation de givre il est connu d'arrêter au bout d'un certain temps le cycle thermodynamique de chaffage afin d'inverser l'évaporation et la condensation. Cela a pour effet de refroidir l'eau qui se trouve du côté chaud (les radiateurs) , et de permettre ainsi à l'échangeur extérieur de se réchauffer et de faire fondre le givre. Cependant cela a un impact direct sur le chauffage et diminue la performance de la machine.  Heat exchangers can frost in critical ice setting conditions, ie when the temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and humidity reaches 85%, this results in a loss of performance, and may cause the complete shutdown of the exchanger. To prevent the formation of frost it is known to stop after a certain time the thermodynamic heating cycle to reverse evaporation and condensation. This has the effect of cooling the water on the warm side (the radiators), thus allowing the outdoor heat exchanger to heat up and melt the frost. However this has a direct impact on the heating and decreases the performance of the machine.
De nombreuses variantes de géométrie sont également proposées en fonction des fabricants et des applications (froid commercial, climatisation...) pour limiter au maximum la création de givre .  Numerous geometry variants are also available depending on the manufacturers and applications (commercial refrigeration, air conditioning ...) to minimize the creation of frost.
Les différentes variantes possibles sont d'agir sur: The different possible variants are to act on:
- le pas transversal: l'espace entre les tubes cuivre dans le sens transversal par rapport au sens de l'air, - the transverse pitch: the space between the copper tubes in the direction transverse to the direction of the air,
- le pas longitudinal: l'espace entre les tubes cuivre dans le sens longitudinal par rapport au sens de l'air,  - the longitudinal pitch: the space between the copper tubes in the longitudinal direction relative to the direction of the air,
- le pas d'ailette: l'espace entre deux ailettes, - the fin pitch: the space between two fins,
- la forme des ailettes: lisse, ondulée, persienne... L'augmentation importante d'un de ces trois facteurs crée un phénomène de perte d'échange (by-pass) qu'il faut éviter pour garder un ratio dimension/performance acceptable. - the shape of the fins: smooth, wavy, louver ... The significant increase of one of these three factors creates a phenomenon of loss of exchange (by-pass) which must be avoided to keep an acceptable dimension / performance ratio.
Il est aussi important de limiter le coût, en limitant la quantité de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium utilisé.  It is also important to limit the cost by limiting the amount of copper and / or aluminum used.
Description de l ' invention Description of the invention
L'objet de l'invention est de proposer un échangeur de chaleur haute performance anti-givre qui permette une utilisation plus longue dans les conditions critiques tout en maintenant une puissance et des dimensions équivalentes, tout gardant la même quantité de tubes et donc en n'augmentant pas le coût .  The object of the invention is to provide a high-performance anti-icing heat exchanger which allows a longer use in critical conditions while maintaining power and equivalent dimensions, while keeping the same amount of tubes and therefore in no time. not increasing the cost.
L'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention comprend des ailettes poinçonnées de trous entourés de collerettes, n tubes traversant n trous et n collerettes, chaque trou et sa collerette ayant un diamètre di et une hauteur h, caractérisée en ce que le nombre de trous est supérieur à n et les n collerettes ont une hauteur hi comprise entre 1,8 et 4,2 mm. Il y a donc des trous et des collerettes libres, c'est-à-dire non traversées par des tubes, ce qui augmente la surface d'échange vis-à-vis de l'air le traversant. Les collerettes libres constituent des obstacles supplémentaires à l'air, afin de provoquer des perturbations et ainso forcer l' échangé thermique entre l'ailette et l'air. Ces dernieres peuvent avoir des formes et des dimensions différentes des n collerettes traversées par les tubes. La hauteur hi des n collerettes va définir l'espace entre les ailettes. La combinaison des collerettes libres supplémentaires avec la distance plus grande entre les ailettes permet de compenser la perte d' échangé (by-pass) qui pourrait résulter de cette distance plus grande pour une puissance équivalente tout en limitant de façon importante le givre en situation critique. Avantageusement, les trous et les collerettes ont tous le même diamètre. La fabrication et le poinçonnement des ailettes est ainsi plus aisée. The heat exchanger according to the invention comprises fins punched with holes surrounded by flanges, n tubes passing through n holes and n flanges, each hole and its flange having a diameter di and a height h, characterized in that the number of holes is greater than n and the n flanges have a height hi of between 1.8 and 4.2 mm. There are therefore holes and free flanges, that is to say not traversed by tubes, which increases the exchange surface vis-à-vis the air passing through. The free collars are additional obstacles to the air, to cause disturbances and forcing the heat exchange between the fin and the air. The latter may have different shapes and dimensions of the n flanges crossed by the tubes. The height hi n flanges will define the space between the fins. The combination of the additional free collars with the greater distance between the fins makes it possible to compensate the loss of exchange (by-pass) which could result from this greater distance for an equivalent power while considerably limiting the frost in a critical situation. . Advantageously, the holes and the collars all have the same diameter. The manufacture and punching of the fins is thus easier.
Avantageusement, le nombre de trous est égal à 2n. Les échanges sont ainsi doublés.  Advantageously, the number of holes is equal to 2n. The exchanges are thus doubled.
Avantageusement, les trous sont alignés longitudinalement et les tubes traversent un trou sur deux par alignement. La répartition des tubes et des collerettes libres sont ainsi réparti uniformément. Les trous avec leur collerettes pourront être distants les uns des autres d'un pas constant à la fois transversalement et/ou longitudinalement.  Advantageously, the holes are aligned longitudinally and the tubes pass through one hole in two by alignment. The distribution of tubes and free collars are distributed evenly. The holes with their flanges may be spaced from each other at a constant pitch both transversely and / or longitudinally.
Avantageusement, les collerettes sont de forme cylindrique. Cette forme présente la meilleure surface d'échange de chaleur avec l'air sans générer une perte de charge sur l'air  Advantageously, the flanges are of cylindrical shape. This shape has the best surface of heat exchange with the air without generating a pressure drop on the air
Avantageusement, les ailettes sont en aluminium. L'utilisation d'aluminium pour les ailettes est un bon compromis entre la conductivité thermique, la facilité de réalisation et le coût. L'utilisation d'ailettes en cuivre bien que meilleur conducteur est possible, mais il est plus difficile à travailler et plus cher.  Advantageously, the fins are made of aluminum. The use of aluminum for the fins is a good compromise between thermal conductivity, ease of realization and cost. The use of copper fins although better driver is possible, but it is harder to work and more expensive.
Avantageusement, les tubes sont en cuivre. Le cuivre est un bon conducteur thermique. L'utilisation de l'aluminium est également possible.  Advantageously, the tubes are made of copper. Copper is a good thermal conductor. The use of aluminum is also possible.
Avantageusement, les trous d'une rangée sont décalés par rapport à ceux des rangées adjacentes. Cela permet une meilleure répartition de l'air autour des tubes et des collerettes .  Advantageously, the holes of a row are offset from those of adjacent rows. This allows a better distribution of air around the tubes and collars.
Le procédé de réalisation d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes:  The method for producing a heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- poinçonnage de trous et de collerettes de diamètre do, tel que do = di - e, par emboutissage de chaque ailette d'une hauteur h - empilage des ailettes ainsi réalisées, - punching holes and flanges of diameter do, such as do = di - e, by stamping each fin a height h stacking the fins thus produced,
- insertion de n tubes de diamètre do dans certains trous et collerettes,  insertion of n diameter tubes in certain holes and flanges,
- insertion d'un second tube de diamètre di pour expandage  insertion of a second tube of diameter di for expansion
- retrait des seconds tubes des n tubes.  removal of the second tubes from the n tubes.
Ce procédé présente l'avantage d'être sensiblement proche du procédé classique, sauf qu'on doit emboutir plus de trous et de collerettes. Ces trous et ses collerettes peuvent être de forme différentes: circulaire et cylindrique de diamètre identique pour ceux qui recevrons les tubes et de diamètre et/ou de forme différent ou identique pour ceux destinés à rester vides.  This method has the advantage of being substantially close to the conventional method, except that more holes and flanges have to be stamped. These holes and its flanges can be of different shape: circular and cylindrical of identical diameter for those who receive the tubes and of diameter and / or of different or identical shape for those intended to remain empty.
Le procédé de chauffage d'un local selon l'invention met en œuvre l'échangeur de chaleur avec au moins une des caractéristiques précédentes, il comprend deux modes de fonctionnement :  The method of heating a room according to the invention implements the heat exchanger with at least one of the preceding characteristics, it comprises two modes of operation:
- un premier mode de chauffage lorsque la température est supérieure à 2°C, un deuxième mode de chauffage lorsque la température extérieure est comprise entre -5°C et 2°C et que l'humidité atteint 85%, où un dégivrage et un chauffage alternent avec un intervalle de temps Dt, le passage de l'un à l'autre étant automatiquement régulé,  - a first heating mode when the temperature is higher than 2 ° C, a second heating mode when the outside temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and humidity reaches 85%, where a defrost and a heating alternate with a time interval Dt, the passage from one to the other being automatically regulated,
il est caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle de temps Dt est tel que  it is characterized in that the time interval Dt is such that
Dt = 119,91 + 9,36 tw + 10,4 tw2 + 0,074 tw3  Dt = 119.91 + 9.36 tw + 10.4 tw2 + 0.074 tw3
où tw est la température humide de l'air extérieur en contact avec l'échangeur. Le pas des ailettes de l'échangeur selon l'invention permet d'augmenter de façon significative le temps entre deux dégivrages par rapport à un échangeur de chaleur équivalent. On appelle échangeur de chaleur "équivalent", un échangeur de chaleur ayant le même nombre de tubes et qui, pour une température extérieure humide donnée, a la même la température d'évaporation. Une humidité élevée supérieure à 85% est la plus défavorable pour l'échangeur. where tw is the humid temperature of the outside air in contact with the exchanger. The pitch of the fins of the exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the time between two defrosting operations with respect to an equivalent heat exchanger. The so-called "equivalent" heat exchanger, a heat exchanger having the same number of tubes and which, for a given wet outside temperature, has the same the evaporation temperature. High humidity above 85% is the most unfavorable for the exchanger.
L'échangeur de chaleur est ainsi tel que le temps de fonctionnement en mode évaporateur, ou chauffage, sans dégivrage est doublé par rapport à un échangeur classique de même puissance. Grâce à ses collerettes supplémentaires disposées sur le passage de l'air on peut obtenir une puissance équivalente avec une distance plus grande entre les ailettes tout en limitant le givre en conditions critiques, en évitant toute perte d'échange.  The heat exchanger is thus such that the operating time in evaporator mode, or heating, without defrost is doubled compared to a conventional heat exchanger of the same power. Thanks to its additional collars arranged on the passage of the air one can obtain an equivalent power with a greater distance between the fins while limiting the frost in critical conditions, avoiding any loss of exchange.
D'autres avantages pourront encore apparaître à l'homme du métier à la lecture des exemples ci-dessous, illustrés par les figures annexées, donnés à titre d'exemple :  Other advantages may still appear to those skilled in the art on reading the examples below, illustrated by the appended figures given by way of example:
- Les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues du montage de l'échangeur selon l'invention,  FIGS. 1 and 2 are views of the assembly of the exchanger according to the invention,
- La figure 3 est une vue de coté de l'échangeur des figures précédentes,  FIG. 3 is a side view of the exchanger of the preceding figures,
- La figure 4 illustre la capacité de chauffage d'un échangeur de l'état de la technique,  FIG. 4 illustrates the heating capacity of a exchanger of the state of the art,
- la figure 5 illustre la capacité de chauffage d'un échangeur selon l'invention,  FIG. 5 illustrates the heating capacity of an exchanger according to the invention,
- la figure 6 est un échangeur de chaleur de l'état de la technique  FIG. 6 is a heat exchanger of the state of the art
- la figure 7 est un graphique montrant l'intervalle entre deux dégivrages par rapport à la température humide de l'air en contact avec l'échangeur.  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the interval between two defrostings with respect to the humid temperature of the air in contact with the exchanger.
Dans la présente description, on considérera que le haut correspond au haut des figures et le bas au bas, la partie longitudinale est parallèle à l'axe z de la figure 6, la partie transversale est parallèle à l'axe x de la figure 6.  In the present description, it will be considered that the top corresponds to the top of the figures and the bottom to the bottom, the longitudinal part is parallel to the z axis of FIG. 6, the transverse part is parallel to the x axis of FIG. .
Un échangeur de chaleur 1 de l'état de la technique tel qu'illustré figure 6, comprend des tubes 2 et des ailettes 3. Les tubes 2 sont le plus souvent en cuivre et pliés en épingle 22. Ils sont distants d'un pas transversal Pt. A heat exchanger 1 of the state of the art as illustrated in FIG. 6 comprises tubes 2 and fins 3. The tubes 2 are usually copper and bent pin 22. They are separated by a transverse pitch Pt.
Les ailettes 3 peuvent être plates, lisses, ondulées ou en persienne et sont en général en aluminium. L'empilement des ailettes 3 de l'échangeur 1 a une longueur L. Les ailettes 3 sont perforées de trous 30 afin de laisser passer les tubes 2. Ces trous 30 sont alignés selon plusieurs rangées 33 verticales espacées d'une distance, correspondant au pas longitudinal PI d'espace entre les tubes 2.  The fins 3 can be flat, smooth, corrugated or louvered and are usually aluminum. The stack of the fins 3 of the exchanger 1 has a length L. The fins 3 are perforated with holes 30 in order to let the tubes 2 pass. These holes 30 are aligned in several vertical rows 33 spaced a distance, corresponding to the not longitudinal PI of space between the tubes 2.
L'air traverse l'échangeur 1 transversalement suivant le sens de la flèche A. Un fluide réfrigérant circule dans les tubes 2 à partir d'un tube d'entrée 20 et ressort par un tube de sortie 31 Ce fluide peut être par exemple de l'eau.  The air passes through the exchanger 1 transversely in the direction of the arrow A. A refrigerant circulates in the tubes 2 from an inlet tube 20 and exits through an outlet tube 31 This fluid can be for example of the water.
Les tubes 2 et les ailettes 3 doivent être en contact étroit afin de garantir une bonne conduction. Pour garantir ce contact, un tube d'expandage est introduit dans chaque tube 2 après que celui-ci ait été inséré dans les ailettes pour l'élargir et assurer un meilleur contact avec lesdites ailettes 3.  The tubes 2 and the fins 3 must be in close contact to ensure good conduction. To guarantee this contact, an expansion tube is introduced into each tube 2 after it has been inserted into the fins to widen it and ensure better contact with said fins 3.
Les ailettes 3 doivent être espacées d'un pas Pa suffisant pour laisser circuler l'air mais pas trop important afin d'éviter une perte d'échange (phénomène de by-pass). Ce pas Pa doit être identique entre chaque ailette 3 afin d'avoir un échange uniforme. Afin d'avoir un pas identique entre chaque ailette, une collerette 31 peut prolonger chaque trou 30 d'une hauteur h = Pa. Alors, l'ensemble des collerettes 31 d'une ailette 3 sert d'appui à l'ailette suivante et garantit un pas uniforme entre chacune.  The fins 3 must be spaced by a pitch Pa enough to let air circulate but not too important to avoid a loss of exchange (by-pass phenomenon). This pitch Pa must be identical between each fin 3 in order to have a uniform exchange. In order to have an identical pitch between each fin, a flange 31 can extend each hole 30 by a height h = Pa. Then, all the flanges 31 of a fin 3 serve to support the following fin and guarantees a uniform pitch between each.
Le pas Pa des ailettes 3 de l'état de la technique est tel que dans certaines conditions de température et d'humidité du givre peut se former être les ailettes 3, il est alors nécessaire d'inverser l'échangeur pour réchauffer les ailettes 3 et faire fondre le givre. Pendant ce temps-là, le local n'est plus chauffé ce qui entraîne des désagréments à l'utilisateur. L'échangeur 1 selon l'invention illustré aux figures 1 à 3, a lui aussi des ailettes 3 et des tubes 2. Les ailettes 3 sont percées de trous 30 bordées de collerettes 31 et alignés selon plusieurs rangées 33. Ces collerettes 31 ont une hauteur Pa' > Pa. Deux rangées 33 successives sont décalées verticalement l'une par rapport à l'autre ce qui donne des collerettes 31 en quinconce et qui permet une meilleure répartition de l'air. Les trous 30 et les collerettes 31 d'une rangée 33 sont régulièrement espacés. The pitch Pa of the fins 3 of the state of the art is such that under certain conditions of temperature and humidity of the frost can be formed the fins 3, it is then necessary to reverse the exchanger to heat the fins 3 and melt the frost. During this time, the room is no longer heated which causes inconvenience to the user. The exchanger 1 according to the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, also has fins 3 and tubes 2. The fins 3 are pierced with holes 30 lined with flanges 31 and aligned in several rows 33. These flanges 31 have height Pa '> Pa. Two successive rows 33 are offset vertically relative to each other which gives flanges 31 staggered and which allows a better distribution of air. The holes 30 and the flanges 31 of a row 33 are regularly spaced.
Le nombre de trous 30 et de collerettes 31 sont supérieur au nombre de n tubes 2 de l'échangeur 1. Dans l'exemple illustré, les tubes 2 constituent ensembles une épingle 22 et sont insérés par deux. Ces deux tubes 2 sont insérés dans les trous principaux 300 d'une même rangée 33, mais avec un trou libre 301 intermédiaire entre eux. Il y a donc des collerettes principales 310 traversées par un tube 2 et des collerettes libres 311 non traversées par un tube 3. Les tubes 2 sont par exemple distants de 50cm.  The number of holes 30 and flanges 31 are greater than the number of n tubes 2 of the exchanger 1. In the example illustrated, the tubes 2 together constitute a pin 22 and are inserted in two. These two tubes 2 are inserted in the main holes 300 of the same row 33, but with a free hole 301 intermediate them. There are therefore main flanges 310 traversed by a tube 2 and free flanges 311 not crossed by a tube 3. The tubes 2 are for example 50cm apart.
On peut voir à la figure 3 que l'air va traverser l'échangeur 1 et rencontrer les collerettes 310 qui vont permettre une conduction aves les ailettes 3 et les tubes 2 et les collerettes libres 311 qui vont permettre une conduction avec les ailettes 3. Comme les collerettes 31 sont plus nombreuses que le nombre de tubes 2, on peut avoir un espace plus important entre les ailettes 3 que si on a un même nombre de tubes 2 et de trous 30.  It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the air will pass through the exchanger 1 and meet the collars 310 which will allow conduction with the fins 3 and the tubes 2 and the free collars 311 which will allow conduction with the fins 3. As the collars 31 are more numerous than the number of tubes 2, there can be a larger gap between the fins 3 than if one has the same number of tubes 2 and holes 30.
Nous allons maintenant décrire le fonctionnement de l'échangeur 1 pour chauffer un local.  We will now describe the operation of the exchanger 1 to heat a room.
Un échangeur classique va fonctionner comme illustré à la figure 4. Lorsque la température et l'humidité extérieures tombent à un certain niveau, par exemple, si la température est entre -5°C et 2°C et l'humidité à 85%, il va commencer à givrer, sa capacité de chauffage 4 diminue progressivement 40 au fur et à mesure que le givre s'installe, il faut donc enclencher un mode dégivrage 5 pour faire fondre le givre. Ce mode dégivrage 5 consiste à inverser le mode de fonctionnement de l'échangeur 1 qui va alors chauffer les ailettes et ce fluide chaud va manquer au local qui sera alors refroidi. Ce mode présente un inconvénient pour l'utilisateur, afin de le limiter, il est possible de prévoir un réservoir tampon d'environ 3001 qui permet le chauffage des ailettes. A conventional heat exchanger will operate as shown in Figure 4. When the outdoor temperature and humidity drop to a certain level, for example, if the temperature is between -5 ° C and 2 ° C and the humidity at 85%, it will begin to frost, its heating capacity 4 gradually decreases 40 as frost sets in, so you have to switch on a defrost mode 5 to melt the frost. This defrosting mode 5 consists in reversing the operating mode of the exchanger 1 which will then heat the fins and this hot fluid will be missing in the room which will then be cooled. This mode has a disadvantage for the user, in order to limit it, it is possible to provide a buffer tank of about 3001 which allows the heating of the fins.
L'échangeur selon l'invention illustré à la figure 5, a une capacité de chauffage 4 qui diminue deux fois plus tard que celui de la figure 4, ici le décalage est de 1 heure, le temps de fonctionnement est donc doublé par rapport à l'échangeur de l'état de la technique et sans nécessiter de réservoir tampon. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'intervalle entre deux dégivrage est de 130mn au lieu d'un toute les 60mn.  The exchanger according to the invention illustrated in FIG. 5, has a heating capacity 4 which decreases twice as late as that of FIG. 4, here the offset is 1 hour, the operating time is therefore doubled with respect to exchanger of the state of the art and without the need for a buffer tank. In the illustrated example, the interval between two defrost is 130 minutes instead of one every 60 minutes.
Le tableau de la figure 7 illustre l'intervalle de temps Dt entre deux dégivrages en fonction de la température humide de l'air en contact avec l'échangeur. La courbe A montre cet intervalle avec un échangeur de chaleur de l'état de la technique et la courbe B celui de l'invention. Ces courbes montrent que si l'humidité absolue de l'air augmente avec la température, le givre se forme autour de 0°C. Au-dessus de 2°C, la température est trop haute pour que l'eau givre et en dessous de -7°C, l'air devient trop sec. La zone critique se situe donc autour de 0°C. Les mesures ci-dessous montrent que l'invention permet d'augmenter de façon significative le temps Dt entre deux dégivrages. The table of FIG. 7 illustrates the time interval Dt between two defrostings as a function of the humid temperature of the air in contact with the exchanger. Curve A shows this gap with a heat exchanger of the state of the art and curve B that of the invention. These curves show that if the absolute humidity of the air increases with the temperature, frost is formed around 0 ° C. Above 2 ° C, the temperature is too high for the water to frost and below -7 ° C, the air becomes too dry. The critical zone is around 0 ° C. The measurements below show that the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the time Dt between two defrosts.
Il est possible d'utiliser des ailettes ondulées, en Persiennes, etc. sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. It is possible to use corrugated fins, in shutters, etc. without departing from the scope of the present invention.
L'échangeur de chaleur pourra indifféremment être utilisé sur un climatiseur ou une pompe à chaleur sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.  The heat exchanger can indifferently be used on an air conditioner or a heat pump without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Echangeur de chaleur (1) comprenant des ailettes (3) poinçonnées de trous (30, 300, 301) entourés de collerettes (31, 310, 311) et n tubes (2) traversant n trous (300) et n collerettes (310), chaque trou (300) et sa collerette (310) ayant un diamètre di et une hauteur h, caractérisée en ce que le nombre de trous (30) est supérieur à n et que les n collerettes (31) ont une hauteur hi comprise entre 1,80 et 4,2 mm. Heat exchanger (1) comprising fins (3) punched with holes (30, 300, 301) surrounded by flanges (31, 310, 311) and n tubes (2) passing through n holes (300) and n flanges ( 310), each hole (300) and its flange (310) having a diameter di and a height h, characterized in that the number of holes (30) is greater than n and the n flanges (31) have a height hi between 1.80 and 4.2 mm.
2. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les trous (30, 300, 301) et les collerettes (31, 310, 311) ont tous le même diamètre.  2. heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that the holes (30, 300, 301) and the flanges (31, 310, 311) all have the same diameter.
3. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de trous (30) est égal à 2n.  3. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the number of holes (30) is equal to 2n.
4. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les trous (30) sont alignés longitudinalement sur plusieurs rangées (33) et que les tubes 4. heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the holes (30) are aligned longitudinally in several rows (33) and that the tubes
(2) traversent un trou (300) sur deux par rangée (33) . (2) pass through one hole (300) out of two per row (33).
5. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les collerettes (31, 310, 311) sont de forme cylindrique.  5. heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flanges (31, 310, 311) are cylindrical.
6. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes 6. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fins
(3) sont en aluminium. (3) are aluminum.
7. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes (2) sont en cuivre.  7. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (2) are made of copper.
8. Echangeur de chaleur (1) selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les trous (30) d'une rangée (33) sont décalés par rapport à ceux des rangées adjacentes. 8. heat exchanger (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the holes (30) of a row (33) are offset from those of adjacent rows.
9. Procédé de réalisation d'un échangeur de chaleur (1) selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes: 9. Process for producing a heat exchanger (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- poinçonnage de trous (30) et de collerettes (31) de diamètre do, tel que do = di - e, par emboutissage de chaque ailette (3) d'une hauteur h,  punching holes (30) and flanges (31) of diameter do, such as do = di - e, by stamping each fin (3) by a height h,
- empilage des ailettes (3) ainsi réalisées, - Stacking fins (3) thus produced,
- insertion de n tubes (2) de diamètre do dans certains trous (300) et collerettes (310), - insertion of n tubes (2) of diameter in some holes (300) and flanges (310),
- insertion d'un second tube de diamètre di pour expandage des n tubes (2),  inserting a second tube of diameter di for expanding the n tubes (2),
- retrait des seconds tubes des n tubes (2) .  removal of the second tubes from the n tubes (2).
10. Procédé de chauffage d'un local mettant en œuvre l'échangeur de chaleur (1) tel que définit selon une des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant deux modes de fonctionnement: 10. A method of heating a room using the heat exchanger (1) as defined in one of claims 1 to 9, comprising two modes of operation:
- un premier mode de chauffage lorsque la température est supérieure à 2°C,  a first heating mode when the temperature is higher than 2 ° C,
- un deuxième mode de chauffage lorsque la température extérieure est comprise entre -5 et 2°C et que l'humidité atteint 85%, où un dégivrage et un chauffage alternent avec un intervalle de temps Dt, le passage de l'un à l'autre étant automatiquement régulé,  a second heating mode when the outside temperature is between -5 and 2 ° C and the humidity reaches 85%, where a defrost and a heating alternate with a time interval Dt, the passage from one to the other; the other being automatically regulated,
caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle de temps Dt est tel que Dt = 119,91 + 9,36 tw + 10,4 tw2 + 0, 074 tw3 characterized in that the time interval Dt is such that Dt = 119.91 + 9.36 tw + 10.4 tw 2 + 0, 074 tw 3
où tw est la température humide de l'air extérieur en contact avec l'échangeur.  where tw is the humid temperature of the outside air in contact with the exchanger.
EP19719558.9A 2018-03-27 2019-03-27 High-performance anti-icing exchanger Withdrawn EP3775750A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1852660A FR3079604B1 (en) 2018-03-27 2018-03-27 HIGH PERFORMANCE ANTI-FROST EXCHANGER
PCT/FR2019/050711 WO2019186071A1 (en) 2018-03-27 2019-03-27 High-performance anti-icing exchanger

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EP3775750A1 true EP3775750A1 (en) 2021-02-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5185611B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2013-04-17 三菱重工業株式会社 Fin and tube heat exchanger
DE102010046482A1 (en) * 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Rawema Countertrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Latent heat storage medium comprises agent, which prevents or reduces the separation of the latent heat storage medium and/or increases the stability of the latent heat storage medium
IN2014DN08791A (en) * 2012-04-13 2015-05-22 Uacj Corp

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