EP3774676A1 - Verre durci thermiquement isotrope - Google Patents
Verre durci thermiquement isotropeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3774676A1 EP3774676A1 EP19719548.0A EP19719548A EP3774676A1 EP 3774676 A1 EP3774676 A1 EP 3774676A1 EP 19719548 A EP19719548 A EP 19719548A EP 3774676 A1 EP3774676 A1 EP 3774676A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- treatment
- mpa
- thermal
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005346 heat strengthened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000561 Twaron Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004762 twaron Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/012—Tempering or quenching glass products by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisation; Heat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/0413—Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae for flat or bent glass sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of thermally “hardened” (“heat-strengthened”) glasses, also called “semi-tempered” glasses, especially intended for the facades of buildings.
- thermo tempering in English
- thermal tempering thermal toughening
- thermal hardening thermal hardening
- heat strengthening in English
- the glass is heated in an oven, in particular radiative or convective, and then cooled by cooling elements (generally called quenching boxes) administering to the glass a plurality of air jets using nozzles.
- quenching boxes cooling elements
- the glass After being heated to a temperature around 615 ° C, the glass is rapidly cooled using air jets whose speed is adjusted according to the thickness and the desired stress level in the final glass. This adjustment can in particular be achieved by adjusting the pressure in the ducts administering the air blast jets.
- thermal tempering is a general term covering thermal curing and thermal quenching.
- the thermal reinforcement of the glass generates a stress field in its thickness (of parabolic profile) conferring on it a greater mechanical resistance to bending and a specific mode of rupture, notably reducing the risk of injury to people in case of breakage in the case tempered glass ("thermally toughened glass").
- This stress field is obtained by the difference in cooling speed between the surfaces of the main faces of the glass and its core, during the setting of the glass. The thicker the glass, the less it is necessary to blow hard to generate the residual stress field given the thermal inertia to cool the heart.
- the rapid cooling of the thermal reinforcement treatment is carried out using air jets generally applied simultaneously to the two main faces of the glass.
- the air jets are blown between conveying rolls of the glass sheets.
- a conveying roll is generally coated with a ribbon of helical shape generally of a polymeric material, generally aromatic polyamide (Kevlar, Nomex, Twaron), occasionally in contact with the glass. These materials are chosen for their very good mechanical properties, especially their high tensile strength, and thermal (thermal expansion practically zero and low thermal conductivity).
- EP0253525B1 discloses a conveyor roll surrounded by a strip of discontinuous insulating material.
- the refractive index of glass can vary locally, which can, under a polarized light, result in the appearance of iridescences well known to glassmakers under the name of "quenching flower", this term being also used for thermally hardened glass (“semi-tempered”), even if it is not completely tempered.
- This inhomogeneity of the glass is called anisotropy and can be related to an inhomogeneous distribution of the stresses inside the glass, which depends in the first place on the thermal history of the glass, that is to say the homogeneity of its thermal reinforcement heating and the homogeneity of its thermal reinforcement cooling.
- insulating glazings comprising a plurality of thermally reinforced windows are used.
- the more glazing a large number of thermally reinforced windows the more the quenching flower is visible.
- These panes must comply with the EN1863-1: 2011 standard, combining a minimum bending resistance and a suitable fragmentation behavior, and preferably a surface stress greater than 30 MPa and an edge stress greater than 20 MPa. .
- a surface stress is measured by a device operating on the principle of polariscopia such as the Scalp-04 polariscope marketed by GlasStress Ltd, the value determined being an arithmetic average of 5 measurements on a main surface of the glass sheet and at least 20 cm from the edge.
- the stress values given are absolute values, since the person skilled in the art can also express them with a negative sign.
- an edge stress is measured by photoelastic measurement using Sharples Stress Meter Ref (S-67) from Sharples Stress Engineers.
- thermally toughened glass in English
- thermally hardened glass the expression used in English is “heat-treated glass”
- thermally toughened glass leads to a surface stress greater than 90 MPa, generally between 90 and 200 MPa.
- thermally hardened glass is carried out on an installation identical to that of thermally toughened glass.
- the heating conditions are identical but the cooling air blowing power is lower, which reduces convective heat exchange with the main faces of the glass.
- the cycle time is longer since it takes longer for cooling to freeze residual stresses in the glass.
- Thermally hardened glass therefore spends much more time in the cooling zone and its thermal history is strongly impacted: the contribution of the conductive heat exchange between the glass and the rollers, where appropriate with the strips of polymer material, generally made of aromatic polyamide, in particular Kevlar, around the rollers, is bigger.
- the glass undergoes oscillation parallel to its main faces, exerted by the rollers.
- the thermally hardened glass (“heat-strengthened”) produced according to the invention is called “final heat-hardened glass.”
- This final hardened glass was produced by application of a post-heat treatment. heat treatment with a heat-strengthened glass called “intermediate glass.”
- This intermediate glass was made by applying a treatment thermal tempering) to a glass called “primary glass”.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a thermally hardened glass, said hardened final glass, comprising a thermal treatment said thermal post-treatment, applied to a heat-strengthened glass, said intermediate glass, said thermal post-heat treatment leading to the glass final hardened.
- the "thermal post-heat treatment” is applied to the intermediate glass (already thermally reinforced) and it is desired to reduce the anisotropy, a source of iridescence visible to the unwanted naked eye.
- This post-heat treatment ("post” meaning “after thermal reinforcement” leading to the intermediate glass, which already uses a heating) can be performed in an oven, especially in static condition, the intermediate glass sheets being then fixed in the oven. You can place an easel in the oven and put the intermediate glass sheets on the easel.
- the oven has the function of applying a thermal cycle in order to reduce the anisotropy of the intermediate glass.
- the structural relaxation of glass under the effect of temperature has been demonstrated. Indeed, the reinforcement stress decreases as a function of the duration and the temperature of the post-treatment.
- the average optical delay values are determined using a photo-elastic bench as described for example in "The effect of optical anisotropy on building glass facades and its measurement methods; Frontiers of Architectural Research (2015) 4, 119-126 ", with a resolution of 1.5 mm (each pixel corresponding to an area on the glass of 1.5x1.5 mm), the average optical delay being the arithmetic mean of measured optical delays for each pixel.
- Optical delays are firstly mapped for the entire surface of the glass, which is produced using an optical device comprising a circular polariscope. This circular polariscope includes
- a light source preferably polychromatic, delivering a light beam in the direction of an optical axis, then successively in the direction of the light beam, a first circular polarizer comprising a first linear polarizer followed (in the path of light) of a first quarter-wave plate, polarizing the light in a first direction of rotation, and then
- an analyzer which is a second circular polarizer in a second direction of rotation of the polarization opposite to the first direction of rotation, this analyzer comprising a second quarter wave plate followed (on the path of light) of a second linear polarizer .
- the glass to be analyzed is placed in the circular polariscope between the first circular polarizer and the analyzer. Downstream of the circular polariscope, an optical sensor provided with an objective delivers a digital image (thus composed of pixels) of the glass.
- the final hardened glass has a surface stress less than the surface stress of the intermediate glass.
- the intermediate glass has a surface stress in the range of 35 to 90 MPa.
- the final hardened glass has a surface stress in the range of 30 to 60 MPa.
- the cured final glass has an average optical retardation less than the average optical delay of the intermediate glass, which is at the origin of the quenching flower less marked with the naked eye and outside the hardened final glass relative to the intermediate glass.
- the thermal post-treatment is carried out at a sufficient temperature and for a time sufficient to appreciably reduce the quenching flower. This is correlated with a reduction in the average optical delay and the surface stress.
- the thermal post-treatment is however carried out at a temperature and for a duration compatible with the conformity of the final hardened glass to the EN1863-1: 2011 standard. Indeed, the final glass must retain the properties that are expected of a heat-cured glass for the building.
- the thermal post-treatment is preferably carried out between a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature.
- the thermal post-treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature above the minimum temperature, which is 250 ° C and preferably 270 ° C and preferably 280 ° C.
- the thermal post-treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature below the maximum temperature, which is 550 ° C and preferably 500 ° C, and preferably 480 ° C. This maximum temperature is below the glass transition temperature of the glass. The higher the thermal post-treatment, the shorter the duration.
- the thermal post-treatment preferably comprises heating for at least one hour, in particular between 1, 5 and 10 hours, between the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature. After the heat post-treatment, the glass is cooled to room temperature, the cooling rate then being of little importance. Post-treatment is applied to the entire intermediate glass. Post-treatment is usually done in the air.
- the intermediate glass is a thermally reinforced glass. It was made by thermal reinforcement of a glass, said primary glass, comprising a heating of said primary glass generally to at least 580 ° C, generally between 580 and 650 ° C, followed by cooling by blowing air jets . Cooling is rapid, its speed generally being between 0.5 and 5 ° C / sec between the beginning of the cooling and 500 ° C, the cooling rate is generally higher when the glass is thin. This cooling is fast enough for the intermediate glass to have a surface stress in the range of 35 to 90 MPa.
- the primary glass is conveyed by conveying rollers during heating and / or cooling leading to the intermediate glass, the conveying rollers being surrounded by braids or strips of polymer material, in particular of the aromatic polyamide type, in particular of Kevlar.
- This intermediate glass comprises a quenching flower visible to the naked eye to the external light, quenching flower that the invention proposes to reduce.
- the primary glass (and thus also the intermediate glass as well as the final hardened glass) is generally a soda-lime silicate glass having generally not undergone any particular heat-reinforcing treatment.
- the The glass returns to a temperature below 250 ° C and generally at room temperature, ie below 50 ° C, generally between 0 and 50 ° C.
- the glass (primary, intermediate and final) is generally in the form of a sheet of thickness in the range of 5 to 13 mm, its thickness may especially be 8 or 10 mm. Each main face generally has an area of between 0.05 and 63 m 2 .
- Glass (primary, intermediate, final cured) is usually a soda-lime silicate glass. The glass can be curved but is generally flat.
- the invention makes it possible in particular to manufacture a thermally hardened glass sheet ("heat-strengthened”) according to the EN1863-1: 2011 standard and having a surface stress greater than 30 MPa, an edge compression stress of greater than 30 MPa, an average optical delay less than 40 nm.
- the surface stress can be between 32 and 55 MPa.
- the edge compression stress may be less than 45 MPa.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing an air blast nozzle 1 for the administration of a thermal reinforcement cooling, arranged between two rollers 2 and 3 for conveying glass sheets, said rollers being provided with Kevlar braids 4; . It is these braids that come into contact with the glass to train it.
- FIG. 2 shows a photo of a thermally reinforced glass sheet (of the "intermediate” glass type) displaying a quenching flower in a rather marked manner and which the invention makes it possible to reduce or even to eliminate. It is believed that the grid marks are the consequence of glass temperature inhomogeneity due to its contact with the Kevlar braids shown in FIG.
- This photo is an image of the glass made using a circular polariscope in which the glass was placed, the image having been recorded by an optical sensor.
- Figure 3 shows the quenching flowers glazing made according to the examples.
- Thermally hardened glass sheets having a thickness of 8 mm and 10 mm were produced, the main faces of which were 1100 x 360 mm in size. A part of these leaves have subsequently undergone thermal post-treatment. The measurements were then taken
- Table 1 summarizes the conditions for carrying out the various tests and the results.
- Example 2 corresponds to that of Example 1 except that it has also undergone thermal post-treatment.
- the glass of Example 4 corresponds to that of Example 3 except that it has also undergone thermal post-treatment. It can be seen that the thermal post-treatment leads to a decrease in the average optical delay.
- the glasses of all these examples were in accordance with EN1863-1: 2011.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1852640A FR3079513A1 (fr) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | Verre durci thermiquement isotrope |
| PCT/FR2019/050684 WO2019186052A1 (fr) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-03-26 | Verre durci thermiquement isotrope |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3774676A1 true EP3774676A1 (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
Family
ID=63683959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19719548.0A Withdrawn EP3774676A1 (fr) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-03-26 | Verre durci thermiquement isotrope |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210032152A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3774676A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3094251A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3079513A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019186052A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE528636A (fr) * | 1953-08-17 | |||
| JPS5950033A (ja) * | 1982-09-14 | 1984-03-22 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 改良されたガラス板の強化方法 |
| GB2191998A (en) | 1986-06-26 | 1987-12-31 | Pilkington Brothers Plc | Heat strengthened glass |
| ATE297365T1 (de) * | 2001-08-09 | 2005-06-15 | Isg Interver Special Glass Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung einer vorgespannten glasplatte |
| CN103274584A (zh) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-09-04 | 合肥诚信玻璃有限公司 | 8.0mm 钢化玻璃的钢化加工方法 |
| CN106746545A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | 一种钢化玻璃的制造工艺 |
-
2018
- 2018-03-27 FR FR1852640A patent/FR3079513A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-03-26 CA CA3094251A patent/CA3094251A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2019-03-26 EP EP19719548.0A patent/EP3774676A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-03-26 WO PCT/FR2019/050684 patent/WO2019186052A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-03-26 US US16/981,930 patent/US20210032152A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210032152A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
| WO2019186052A1 (fr) | 2019-10-03 |
| FR3079513A1 (fr) | 2019-10-04 |
| CA3094251A1 (fr) | 2019-10-03 |
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