EP3773991A1 - Procede et dispositif de compression electrochimique d'hydrogene gazeux - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de compression electrochimique d'hydrogene gazeuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP3773991A1 EP3773991A1 EP19721659.1A EP19721659A EP3773991A1 EP 3773991 A1 EP3773991 A1 EP 3773991A1 EP 19721659 A EP19721659 A EP 19721659A EP 3773991 A1 EP3773991 A1 EP 3773991A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- electrolyte
- pressure
- electrode
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100202589 Drosophila melanogaster scrib gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
- F04B37/12—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
- F04B37/18—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use for specific elastic fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen.
- the invention relates in particular to a method of electrochemical compression of H 2 , for example to go from a pressure of a few bars or a few tens of bars to a pressure of several hundred bars.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing this method, as well as a kit comprising the device and all or part of consumables useful in said method.
- Hydrogen gas is the cleanest and most efficient fuel for producing energy both in a fuel cell and in an internal combustion engine.
- Electricity produced by the fuel cell is a source of energy to generate hydrogen again by electrolysis, according to an ecologically virtuous renewable energy loop.
- the storage of energy in the form of hydrogen under pressure is also particularly advantageous.
- Hydrogen is an invisible gas that is odorless and non-toxic. Its consumption in a fuel cell produces only electrical energy and water, while its combustion does not lead to harmful by-products.
- hydrogen appears to be the most appropriate energy carrier to support the energy transition, in particular to allow clean mobility as well as energy storage.
- the conventional method is to compress the gas with a mechanical compressor; it is a difficult and expensive operation.
- Compressors are devices used for a very long time in the implementation and commercialization of hydrogen which is done with standard bottles of type B50 or B100 at 200 bars of inflation pressure. Since hydrogen is considered as fuel for motor vehicles, the filling pressures of on-board tanks have been raised to 350, 700 or even 820 bars, which requires future service stations to have distribution systems around 900 bars. These pressures are achievable with multi-stage mechanical compressors but the operating and maintenance requirements of these mechanical compressors and therefore the associated moving components can not be ensured in a number of configurations and locations of the stations (eg located in isolated sites).
- An alternative to mechanical compressors is the electrochemical compression of hydrogen as described for example in patent applications WO03075379A1, US2004040862A1 and FR3007669A1.
- the principle is based on the use of an electric current to oxidize, at the An anode, the low-pressure hydrogen gas BP, in the form of protons in an anode compartment, to migrate the protons through a membrane Mb and reduce them , the cathode C, hydrogen gas in a cathode compartment.
- the membranes are generally gas permeable and / or do not support this pressure difference.
- the cathode compartment can not rise in pressure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of electrochemical compression of hydrogen by a cell comprising, successively from left to right, a low pressure anode compartment BP, an anode A and a cathode C between which a membrane Mb is interposed, and HP high pressure cathodic behavior.
- This cell is a membrane / electrode assembly (AME).
- the membrane Mb separating two anode and cathode electrodes, respectively, is a "proton exchange membrane", consisting of a proton conductive polymer, for example an ionomer of the PFSA (PerFluoroSulfonic Acid) type such as Nafion®.
- the electrodes generally include platinum or a platinum alloy supported by carbon.
- the device according to FR3007669A1 aims to solve the problem of water accumulation at the anodes of the electrochemical cells of said compressor. It has indeed been found that as the hydrogen pressure increases in a compressor, the amount of water required to ensure the electrochemical reactions decreases. However, an accumulation of water impairs the passage of hydrogen through the membranes of electrochemical cells by blocking access to the electrodes and exerting pressure on the membranes.
- the solution proposed by the device according to FR3007669A1 is a multi-stage electrochemical compressor, capable of pressurizing hydrogen and comprising: a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; at least two membrane-electrode assemblies (AME), each membrane-electrode assembly forming an electrochemical cell; said MEAs being arranged to be traversed by a stream of hydrogen, and being connected in series with each other and electrically isolated from each other; each of the MEAs comprising an active surface capable of providing the oxidation-reduction reactions of hydrogen; MEAs having active surfaces that are distinct from one another and decreasing in the direction of circulation of hydrogen.
- AME membrane-electrode assemblies
- This device according to FR3007669A1 remains perfectible in terms of improving the permeability of the membranes and / or their resistance to pressure.
- the present invention aims to satisfy at least one of the objectives set out below.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, at low pressure, for example a pressure P ° of 1 to 30 bar which is typically that of hydrogen produced by an alkaline electrolyser or a proton-conducting membrane, the pressure P 1 aimed at the electrochemical compression outlet being at least 150 bar, for example between 300 and 1000 bar, or even between 700 and 900 bar, for example for recharging of a tank of a vehicle operating with an internal combustion engine using hydrogen as fuel or with an electric motor powered by a fuel cell.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, which makes it possible to overcome the problem of the permeability of membranes and / or their resistance to pressure and the problem of water accumulation in electrochemical compressors.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of hydrogen gas, which allows the gas to be purified and dried if it contains gaseous impurities.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of hydrogen gas, which is simple and static, which makes it possible to operate on isolated sites where it is not possible to provide the operation and maintenance of mobile mechanical systems, and which is therefore economical in terms of maintenance.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemically compressing gaseous hydrogen, which is safe.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, the implementation of which is possible in a non-industrial environment and not controlled by specialized operators, i.e. say on a hydrogen gas distribution site, completely autonomously.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method for the electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, which makes it possible to have an instantaneous flow rate sufficient for filling a hydrogen reservoir and / or, for all less to have a gaseous buffer tank with the lowest possible capacity.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen, which is in line with the environmental constraints.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an industrial device, reliable, efficient, economical and robust, for the implementation of the method as referred to in one of the above objectives.
- a method of electrochemical compression of gaseous hydrogen consisting essentially of implementing at least one electrical generator, at least one enclosure containing at least one electrolyte and at least one electrochemical cell - preferably several - comprising:
- a counter electrode CE at least one electrolyte in which are dipped E H and CE,
- E H and CE may be connected to the terminals of the generator
- the electrochemical cell is capable of being supplied with hydrogen at a pressure P ° and of collecting hydrogen at a pressure P 1 > P ° after electrochemical compression;
- the electrolyte in which CE is dipped contains at least one intermediate vector A, which is the oxidant of a redox couple (A / B);
- the compression method according to the invention indeed incorporates a storage function for drastically reducing the volume of the gaseous buffer tank (of a service station for example). Hydrogen is stored in chemical form (H +) in solution at low temperature and at atmospheric pressure.
- the method according to the invention and more generally the system according to the invention which comprises the method and the device perfectly integrates this safety constraint.
- the method incorporates a purification and drying function.
- the hydrogen to be compressed used in the process according to the invention may contain water vapor (for example, in the case where it is obtained by means of conventional electrolysers of alkaline type which produce alkaline hydrogen saturated with water, that is to say containing eg 2.3% of water at 20 ° C), and other types of gaseous impurities (0 2 , N 2 , Ar 3) ).
- the dew point of a gas decreases drastically.
- the output hydrogen contains very little water (eg 49 ppm H 2 at 700 bar at 20 ° C).
- the operating mode in two steps serves to remove gases other than hydrogen at the end of the st step, and outputting only hydrogen.
- the difference Dp between the pressure P ° of the hydrogen admitted into the electrochemical cell and the pressure P 1 of the hydrogen produced (pressure delivered at the outlet of the electrochemical cell) is such that (in bar): 1 ⁇ Dp ⁇ 1000, preferably 5 ⁇ Dp ⁇ 500.
- the present invention relates to a device including the implementation of the method according to this same invention.
- This device comprises:
- E H and CE may be connected to the terminals of the generator
- the electrochemical cell is capable of being supplied with hydrogen at a pressure P ° and of collecting hydrogen at a pressure P 1 > P ° after electrochemical compression,
- d) optionally means for heating the electrolyte (or electrolytes) in the enclosure.
- This simple and effective device whose main function is the compression of gaseous hydrogen, eliminates or minimizes the use of mechanical compressors that are sources of high investment and operating costs. Due to the compression mode of the invention, this device does not require moving parts such as piston compressors and thus is a source of savings in maintenance.
- This device allows the storage of hydrogen in H + chemical form in solution, which offers the possibility of delivering hydrogen under high pressure without resorting to large volumes of gas under pressure.
- a separator eg an ion exchange membrane
- it is an equipressure separator, with no problem of gas permeability, since only one gas is produced at each stage.
- Another object of the invention relates to a kit for carrying out the method comprising a device and at least a part of the components for the preparation of the electrolyte or electrolytes intended to be contained in the enclosure or the enclosures of the device .
- any singular denotes indifferently a singular or a plural.
- E ° standard potential.
- the standard potentials E ° referred to in this presentation are all measured under the same conditions (reference, temperature, concentrations).
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the principle of electrochemical compression in two steps, in accordance with the invention.
- the low-pressure hydrogen LP is injected into an electrochemical cell comprising a hydrogen electrode E H , a counter-electrode CE and at least one electrolyte. More specifically, the hydrogen is injected into and / or in the vicinity of the hydrogen electrode E (preferably gas diffusion) which plays the role of An anode.
- the counter electrode CE is the cathode at the Step 1. These two electrodes E and CE are in contact with the electrolyte, in which the reduction of the intermediate vector A into B occurs during this step 1.
- the electrochemical cell may include at least one interstitial separator which separates the electrolyte in which the hydrogen electrode E is immersed in the electrolyte in which the counter-electrode CE is immersed.
- the separator is not subjected to a pressure differential imposing unacceptable structural constraints. There is indeed a same pressure on both sides of the separator during the two steps.
- the polarity of the electrodes is reversed.
- the protons are reduced to hydrogen gas on the hydrogen electrode E, which becomes the cathode C, and the reducer B is oxidized in A to the counter-electrode CE, become anode An.
- the hydrogen gas accumulates and compresses. in the electrochemical cell, so that the pressure evolves towards a high HP pressure.
- thermodynamic potential E th (A / B) of the redox couple (A / B) is lower than that E th (H + / H 2 ) of the redox couple (H + / H 2 ) in medium acid or that E ⁇ (H 2 0 / H 2 ) of the redox couple (H 2 0 / H 2 ) in basic medium.
- the first step then consists of an electrolysis reaction and the second step a spontaneous electrochemical reaction.
- the first package of F (A / B) is one of the Redox PnE ( + / M) (see Figure F 1.1 attached).
- step 1) is an electrolysis of at least one salt of M m + of at least one metal M present in the electrolyte, in which M m + is reduced to metal M at the cathode CE and deposited on that while H 2 is oxidized in H at the anode E,
- step 2) comprises an oxidation of the metal M deposited on the anode CE which is redissolved in M m + ions in the electrolyte and a hydrogen production H 2 at the cathode E H.
- the invention uses the property that some metals or alloys kinetically block the release of hydrogen: this is the phenomenon called hydrogen overvoltage, leading to an electrochemical state out balanced.
- the overvoltage of the hydrogen evolution reaction on the metal M must be sufficient for the reduction reaction of M m + in M to be kinetically favored with respect to the hydrogen production reaction.
- the absolute value of the overvoltage of the hydrogen evolution reaction on the metal M is preferably greater than the difference E th (H + / H 2 ) -E th (M m + / M) in acidic medium or in the difference E th (H 2 0 / H 2 ) - E th (M m + / M) in basic medium.
- the second step consists of generating hydrogen gas in the electrochemical cell, by attacking the metal vector which is redissolved in solution. It is a question of implementing the solutions allowing to restore the state of equilibrium, that is to say to dissolve the metal M in salt M m + and to release the hydrogen gas by releasing the accumulated energy during from step 1).
- the redox couple (A / B) corresponds to: (M m + / M), M being a metal, preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally consisting of -: Zn; Cd; Sn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Pb, Co, Hg, their alloys and mixtures thereof, Zn being particularly preferred.
- a and B are molecules or ions and wherein a separator is introduced into the electrochemical cell and separates the electrolyte in which is immersed the electrode E, the electrolyte in which is immersed the electrode CE;
- step 1) is an electrolysis of at least one salt of I 1 present in the electrolyte, in which I 1 is reduced in I 1 to the cathode CE, while H 2 is oxidized in H + to 1 'anode
- step 2) comprises an oxidation of I 1 to I 1 at the anode CE and in the electrolyte and a production of hydrogen H 2 at the cathode E, by reduction of H.
- the redox couple (A / B) corresponds to: (I 1 / I 1 ), I being an atom or group of atoms and i & i 'being electronic charges, with I > I i'I;
- the electrolysis reaction reduces the ions to G ions at the CE electrode.
- the presence of the separator is a means for preventing the reoxidation of G ions at G to the E H electrode.
- the G ions are oxidized to G ions
- thermodynamic potential E th (A / B) of the redox couple (A / B) is greater than that E th (H + / H 2 ) of the redox couple (H + / H 2 ) in an acidic medium or that E ⁇ (H 2 0 / H 2 ) of the redox couple (H 2 0 / H 2 ) in basic medium.
- a separator is disposed between the electrolyte in which E (hydrogen compartment) is immersed and the electrolyte in which CE is immersed.
- step 1) comprises a reduction of A to B at the cathode CE and an oxidation at the anode E of the hydrogen gas contained in the hydrogen compartment,
- Step 2) is an electrolysis in which B is oxidized at A at the anode CE, while in the hydrogen compartment, H + is reduced to H 2 at the cathode E H.
- the first step is a spontaneous reaction
- the second step is an electrolysis reaction
- the electrode CE is cathodically polarized, and the electrode E H is anodically polarized via an electronic charge.
- a power supply makes it possible to deliver the electrical energy necessary to carry out an electrolysis.
- the redox couple (A / B) is chosen from the group consisting of:
- M being a metal, preferably selected from the group consisting of - ideally consisting of - Cu, Mn, Ag their alloys and mixtures thereof, Cu being particularly preferred;
- I being an atom or group of atoms and i & i 'being electronic charges, with
- I 1 / G) being preferably selected from the group comprising [ideally constituted by]: Fe, V, Mn; iron and vanadium being particularly preferred.
- the compression process includes a storage function to drastically reduce the volume of the gaseous buffer tank (for example a service station). Hydrogen is stored in chemical form in solution at low temperature and at atmospheric pressure.
- the separator is an ion exchange membrane.
- It may be, for example, a proton membrane of NAFION® type, or an anionic membrane of IONAC® MA3475 type.
- the electrolyte may be an acidic or basic aqueous solution, or an ionic liquid, in which the pressurized gases are less soluble than in an aqueous medium.
- the electrolyte is preferably an aqueous salt solution comprising the ions of the metal M or component A of the redox couple (A / B) and at least one acid or a Bronsted base.
- the ions of the metal M or component A of the redox couple (A / B) are introduced into the electrolyte by at least one precursor, preferably chosen from the group comprising - ideally consisting of -: the salts, in particular the sulphates, oxides, nitrates, chlorides, citrates, phosphates, carbonates, fluorides, bromides, oxides, aqueous solutions of hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or mixtures thereof.
- the salts in particular the sulphates, oxides, nitrates, chlorides, citrates, phosphates, carbonates, fluorides, bromides, oxides, aqueous solutions of hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or mixtures thereof.
- the process is interrupted between step 1) and step 2), to make room for a hydrogen storage in chemical form H + in solution in electrolyte, in the electrochemical cell, this storage being preferably accompanied by the disconnection of electrodes CE and E H.
- the process is interrupted between step 1) and step 2), to make room for a hydrogen storage in chemical form H + solution in the electrolyte, out of the chamber by transferring the electrolyte charged H + in an external tank.
- step 1) is carried out at a temperature between 10 and 90 ° C, preferably between 20 and 80 ° C and, more preferably, between 25 and 60 ° C.
- the generator delivers to the electrodes E H and CE a density current i, expressed in A per m 2 of electrode surface, between 100 and 5000, preferably between 200 and 3000 and, more preferably, between 300 and 2500.
- the gaseous hydrogen thus produced is collected at the pressure Pl> P ° and stored outside the enclosure.
- This storage can take place in any suitable high pressure container, especially in terms of capacity.
- the interface between the undissolved gas phase G and the liquid phase L - hereinafter referred to as the G / L-interface is increased at least during step 2), so as to accelerate the diffusion of the liquid phase to the gaseous phase, dissolved hydrogen saturating, or even supersaturating, the electrolyte.
- This provision has the effect of remedying what limits the production of hydrogen gas, namely, on the one hand the solubilization of hydrogen in the electrolyte, in particular in the electrolyte formed by an aqueous solution containing ions as well as H + or OH ions and, on the other hand, the possible supersaturation of the electrolyte in dissolved hydrogen.
- the increase of the interface is carried out by implementing at least one of the following operations:
- the forced circulation which preferably consists in generating an electrolyte flow in the enclosure, more preferably, using at least one pump so as to evacuate and renew the gas bubbles present on the electrode or electrodes and on any roughness of the enclosure;
- at least partial substitution of the dissolved hydrogen by at least one neutral gas by injecting the latter into the chamber in order to generate neutral gas bubbles intended to evacuate and renew the gas bubbles present on the electrode or electrodes, and / or on any roughness of the enclosure;
- the gaseous hydrogen thus produced is collected at the pressure Pl> P °, and then stored outside the enclosure.
- This storage can take place in any suitable high pressure container, especially in terms of capacity.
- the present invention relates to a device including the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- This device comprises: a) at least one electric generator,
- the electrochemical cell being capable of being supplied with hydrogen at a pressure P ° and of collecting hydrogen at a pressure P 1 > P ° after electrochemical compression
- d) optionally means for heating and / or cooling the electrolyte (or electrolytes) in the chamber.
- the device according to the invention is characterized in that:
- the chamber is a pressure-resistant reactor in which are arranged a plurality of electrochemical cells each comprising a pair of electrodes E H and EC
- a source of hydrogen preferably at least one reservoir containing hydrogen, for supplying the cells;
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for the compression of large volumes of hydrogen with the particularly interesting possibility of intermediate storage in the form of protons in solution.
- This robust, reliable, economical, safe and efficient device integrates perfectly into industrial or delocalized high-pressure hydrogen production equipment, particularly for applications in the fields of clean mobility and energy storage.
- this device could be associated with a hydrogen production system on an industrial site or relocated in a service station to recharge the hydrogen vehicles.
- the hydrogen electrodes E H are produced from a material advantageously chosen from transition metals, lanthanides and / or alkaline earths and, more preferably still, from the group comprising and ideally composed of: platinum and platinoids in the form of metal or oxide, tungsten, titanium, zirconium or molybdenum in the form of oxide, carbide, sulphide or borides, silver, nickel, iron, cobalt and alloys based on at least one or these elements, the composites formed by one of these elements or alloy with an oxide, the carbon-based materials (fine carbon particles, organometallic material, graphene) and the combinations of these materials.
- platinum and platinoids in the form of metal or oxide, tungsten, titanium, zirconium or molybdenum in the form of oxide, carbide, sulphide or borides, silver, nickel, iron, cobalt and alloys based on at least one or these elements, the composites formed by one of these elements or alloy with an oxide, the carbon-based materials (
- the electrodes E H are doped with metal elements, for example in the form of thin layers and / or nanoparticles, the metallic elements being selected from: platinum, platinoids, nickel, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, for example under metallic form, in the form of carbides or sulphides;
- the counter electrodes CE are made from a material advantageously chosen from the group of metals and / or metal alloys, comprising -and ideally composed of: Al, Pb and Pb alloys, titanium, carbon-based materials, nickel, and / or iron, stainless steels, and combinations of these materials; KIT
- the present invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method.
- This kit is characterized in that it comprises:
- This kit which forms a packaging unit for sale, may also include an explanatory note for the implementation of the method using the device and components contained in this kit.
- the two surface electrodes 1 m 2 are as follows:
- E H consists of a 304 type stainless steel porous material whose surface is doped with a thin molybdenum sulphide deposit which acts as a catalyst in the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen into protons in the liquid phase, and vice versa. versa.
- the electrolyte is composed of zinc ions (concentration 100 g / L) and sulfuric acid (250 g / L).
- the temperature is set at 30 ° C.
- a power supply is connected between the cathode and the anode. It provides a current density of 595 A / m 2 for 5 hours, which allows to deposit 3267 g of zinc on the cathode (with a yield of 90%) and to oxidize 100 g of H 2 gas at 1 bar .
- This operation can be implemented with the Cu 2+ / Cu pair in a sulfuric acid medium.
- the two surface electrodes 1 m 2 are as follows:
- E H consists of a porous material of carbon felt whose surface is doped with platinum nanoparticles, which act as a catalyst in the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen into protons in the liquid phase, and vice versa.
- An anionic membrane type Ionac MA3475 is placed between the two electrodes.
- the temperature is set at 50 ° C.
- the electrolyte of the stainless steel electrode compartment (CE counter-electrode) is composed of copper ions (concentration 100 g / L) and sulfuric acid (190 g / L). It is prepared by mixing 19.25 kg of sulfuric acid (37.5%, Brenntag) in 15.42 L of deionized water and then adding to this mixture 15.09 kg of copper sulfate CuSO 4, 5H 2 O) (99% , Sigma Aldrich).
- the electrolyte of the hydrogen compartment of E is composed of sulfuric acid (190 g / L). It is prepared by mixing 19.25 kg of sulfuric acid (37.5%, Brenntag) in 22.96 L of deionized water.
- a power supply is connected between the cathode and the anode. Hydrogen is supplied to the gas electrode at a rate of 0.25 g / min. In this first step, the following reactions take place:
- the power supply provides a current density of 400 A / m 2 for 5h56, which makes it possible to deposit 2651 g of copper on the cathode (with a yield of 94%) and to oxidize 83 g of H 2 gas at 1 hour. bar.
- the membrane prevents the deposition of copper at the anode.
- the polarity of the electrodes is reversed, and the deposited copper is redissolved while producing hydrogen at the gas electrode.
- the membrane is needed to prevent copper deposition at the cathode.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1852881A FR3079510A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de compression electrochimique d'hydrogene gazeux |
| PCT/FR2019/050774 WO2019193282A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de compression electrochimique d'hydrogene gazeux |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3773991A1 true EP3773991A1 (fr) | 2021-02-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19721659.1A Pending EP3773991A1 (fr) | 2018-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Procede et dispositif de compression electrochimique d'hydrogene gazeux |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3773991A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3079510A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019193282A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3128456B1 (fr) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-03-01 | Ergosup | Procédé de production d’hydrogène sous pression par électrolyse de l’eau découplée |
| EP4299794A1 (fr) | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-03 | Daes Sa | Dispositif d'électrolyse |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8282811B2 (en) | 2001-08-29 | 2012-10-09 | Giner Electrochemical Systems, Llc | Method and system for producing high-pressure hydrogen |
| US20040211679A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2004-10-28 | Wong Terrance Y.H. | Electrochemical hydrogen compressor |
| FR2948654B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-30 | 2015-01-16 | Gerkaro | Cogeneration d'energie electrique et d'hydrogene |
| FR3007669B1 (fr) | 2013-06-26 | 2018-07-20 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif de purification et de compression electrochimique de l'hydrogene a plusieurs etages |
| EP3402912A4 (fr) * | 2016-01-15 | 2019-10-23 | Skyre, Inc. | Système à hydrogène et procédé de fonctionnement |
| US10424804B2 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-09-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optimization of the cerium-hydrogen redox flow cell |
-
2018
- 2018-04-03 FR FR1852881A patent/FR3079510A1/fr active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-04-03 WO PCT/FR2019/050774 patent/WO2019193282A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-04-03 EP EP19721659.1A patent/EP3773991A1/fr active Pending
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| FR3079510A1 (fr) | 2019-10-04 |
| WO2019193282A1 (fr) | 2019-10-10 |
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