EP3771519B1 - Screwing device with integrated sensing means - Google Patents

Screwing device with integrated sensing means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3771519B1
EP3771519B1 EP19189731.3A EP19189731A EP3771519B1 EP 3771519 B1 EP3771519 B1 EP 3771519B1 EP 19189731 A EP19189731 A EP 19189731A EP 3771519 B1 EP3771519 B1 EP 3771519B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
output
detection means
force transducer
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19189731.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3771519A1 (en
Inventor
Bruno BERGMANN
Johannes PETERMANN
Achim LÜBBERING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johannes Luebbering GmbH
Original Assignee
Johannes Luebbering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP19189731.3A priority Critical patent/EP3771519B1/en
Application filed by Johannes Luebbering GmbH filed Critical Johannes Luebbering GmbH
Priority to ES19189731T priority patent/ES2943491T3/en
Priority to EP23154666.4A priority patent/EP4197696A1/en
Priority to CN202080061955.1A priority patent/CN114375242A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2020/066949 priority patent/WO2021023422A1/en
Priority to JP2022506605A priority patent/JP2022543791A/en
Priority to US17/631,671 priority patent/US12128530B2/en
Priority to KR1020227005602A priority patent/KR102726000B1/en
Publication of EP3771519A1 publication Critical patent/EP3771519A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3771519B1 publication Critical patent/EP3771519B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/48Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/48Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
    • B25B13/481Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating in areas having limited access
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B17/00Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B17/00Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B17/02Hand-driven gear-operated wrenches or screwdrivers providing for torque amplification
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/142Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1422Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters
    • B25B23/1425Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for hand operated wrenches or screwdrivers torque indicators or adjustable torque limiters by electrical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner with integrated detection means for an output torque.
  • screwing devices with flat output means are generally known. These are gear units - usually accommodated in a flat housing - with a drive usually provided at one end and an output drive provided at the opposite end, on which a screw partner such as a screw to be subjected to a torque can be suitably detachably attached. Screwing devices of this type are used in particular for screwing or assembly work in which a screwing partner is difficult to reach due to spatial installation conditions.
  • a generic screw is already from the WO 2018/188829 A1 known.
  • additional axial bearings must be provided, which increases the structural complexity of the structural arrangement in the flywheel output means.
  • the known detection means require additional space in the geared offset drive means.
  • the GB 2 383 282 A discloses a torque transmission device having a hollow shaft with external teeth for connection to a bevel gear and a central shaft guided in the hollow shaft, wherein a flexible cantilever beam arranged between the central shaft and a cup-like end section of the hollow shaft has torque sensors.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved screwing device based on the known prior art, which overcomes or at least significantly alleviates the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a screwing device with alternative means for determining and/or monitoring the torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side is to be provided, which at the same time enables a cost-effective and compact design of the flat drive.
  • a reliable torque determination and/or monitoring should be made possible.
  • the invention also addresses other problems, which will become more apparent from the following description.
  • the invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner, having flat output means which have an output that can be releasably connected to the screwing partner and a manually or mechanically connected one drive torque, preferably via an interposed angular and/or bevel gearing, and detection means for providing measured values for determining and/or monitoring an output torque acting on the screwing partner on the output side, characterized in that the detection means provided in a housing of the flat output means so are designed such that they can detect a radial force and/or tangential force acting on a preferably straight-toothed gear wheel connecting the drive and the output of the flat output means in a torque-transmitting manner and can provide this for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
  • the design of the detection means according to the invention which are integrated in the housing of the offset output means and detect a radial force and/or tangential force or circumferential force of a gear wheel in the offset output means that interacts with the detection means, provides a structurally simple solution for reliably providing measured values for determining and/or Monitoring of the output torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side.
  • the space required in the geared offset drive means can be minimized compared to the known prior art.
  • the design of the screw device according to the invention enables cost-effective production and simplified maintenance.
  • straight toothing is provided for the gear wheel interacting with the detection means, an increase in the efficiency of the flat output means is achieved.
  • the above-mentioned measured values for determining and/or monitoring the output torque are preferably understood to mean the radial force and/or tangential force detected by the detection means or measured values or measured value signals representing these.
  • the described radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear relates to a respective radial force and/or tangential force applied to the gear, in particular during an operative connection with other gears or teeth meshing therewith.
  • the radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear relates to a bearing reaction force of the gear in the radial and/or tangential direction that can be detected by the detection means.
  • the respective radial force and/or tangential force is detected which, during torque transmission, occurs on the gear wheel connected to the detection means on the bearing or on the bearing an axis of rotation of the gearwheel which is preferably fixed in the housing.
  • the radial force and/or tangential force preferably relates to a force which is present in a plane essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the gear wheel and/or the main axis of the offset gear.
  • the detection means are designed in such a way that they detect a radial force in or along a line of action in which the preferably rectified tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gearwheel are or can be combined to form a resultant force.
  • the radial force recorded here is a force applied to the gear wheel or bearing reaction force of the gear wheel.
  • the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention has straight teeth, this preferably only has a rotary force input and thus also only radial and/or tangential forces acting on the gear wheel during the operative connection or interaction with other gear wheels or toothings of the offset output means meshing with it. There are preferably no axial forces, i.e. forces along an axis of rotation of the gear.
  • a measured value signal that reliably represents and/or monitors the torque on the output side can be provided by the detection means for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
  • axial forces also occur on the gear wheel or bearing reaction forces acting in the axial direction. These are preferably not caused by the detection means according to the invention recorded. Nevertheless, a measured value signal that reliably monitors the torque on the output side can be provided by the detection means for preferably electronic signal evaluation. In this case, a deviation in the output-side torque can be inferred in particular from a deviation in the detected radial and/or tangential forces.
  • the gear wheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention is arranged between a geared drive assembly of the flat output means and a geared output assembly of the flat output means.
  • the gear wheel that interacts with the detection means according to the invention is preferably designed as a gear wheel that interacts or meshes directly with the output assembly.
  • the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention can be directly encompassed by the output assembly.
  • the straight-toothed gear itself can form the output assembly of the flat output means.
  • the gear output means have a plurality of gears which form a gear arrangement between the input and the output of the gear output means.
  • the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention is preferably one of the gear wheels forming the gear arrangement.
  • the gear arrangement can have straight gearing or helical gearing.
  • the gear arrangement can also have angle, bevel and/or curved teeth.
  • the flat output means have a plurality, i.e. at least two, preferably at least three, straight-toothed or helical-toothed gears.
  • the flat output means have only straight-toothed gears.
  • the flat output means can also include at least partially helical gears.
  • the axes of rotation of the gear wheels of the flat output means preferably all extend in one plane. The axes of rotation preferably run parallel to one another and extend through the flat sides of the housing of the offset output.
  • the housing of the offset output preferably has two parallel flat sides or opposite flat outer surfaces. These are preferably free of projections or elevations.
  • the housing is preferably designed in two parts, with two opposite housing halves.
  • the maximum width of the housing is preferably less than 30mm, more preferably less than 20mm.
  • the cog wheel interacting with the detection means preferably has a bearing axis which is arranged in the housing in a fixed, in particular non-rotatable manner, on which a ring gear of the cog wheel is mounted so that it can rotate freely, preferably by means of a needle bearing.
  • the detection means preferably have at least one force transducer. This is preferably firmly connected to a bearing or to the bearing axis of the gear wheel, in particular in a non-rotatable manner, or is formed integrally therewith.
  • the force transducer is preferably arranged in a torsion-proof manner between the bearing axis and the housing of the flywheel output means.
  • the force transducer can be secured against twisting relative to the housing by means of a suitable pin connection with a housing cover and/or by means of a corresponding shape in a housing cover recess.
  • the force transducer is preferably arranged in a line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel, which line of action extends radially to the gear wheel.
  • This is preferably understood to mean a radially acting force in which the preferably rectified tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gear wheel are combined or can be combined to form a resultant force.
  • the force transducer is preferably arranged in such a way that it can detect a radial force in or along a line of action.
  • the force transducer is preferably in the form of a spoked wheel and, according to the invention, is essentially disc-shaped.
  • the force transducer is preferably made from the same material as the associated gear wheel and/or the bearing axle of the gear wheel.
  • the force transducer is preferably formed or arranged on an end face of the gear wheel.
  • the force transducer can be arranged directly on a toothed edge of the gear wheel.
  • two force transducers preferably of the same design, can be formed or arranged on opposite end faces of the gear wheel.
  • the force transducer is preferably arranged in such a way that there is no transmission of force from the force transducer to the housing of the offset output means in the axial direction, i.e. in particular along an axis of rotation of the gear wheel.
  • the force transducer can be arranged or designed coaxially with the associated gearwheel and/or rotationally symmetrically.
  • the force transducer preferably has an outer diameter or a maximum radial extent which essentially corresponds to a root circle of the toothing of the associated straight-toothed Gear corresponds.
  • the force transducer preferably has an axially extending thickness of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.
  • the force transducer has integrated force sensor means which are designed to detect a compressive and/or tensile force applied to the force transducer in the radial and/or tangential direction of the gear wheel or the force transducer.
  • the force sensor means are preferably arranged in a radially extending line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel.
  • the force sensor means comprise at least two strain gauges on the force transducer.
  • the strain gauges are arranged on spokes or struts of the force transducer that extend radially and lie opposite one another.
  • the force sensor means can also have piezo elements.
  • the force sensor means can comprise hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means attached to or connected to the force transducer.
  • the force transducer can have at least one or preferably two suitable chambers, for example in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a fluid suitable for hydraulic or pneumatic sensor pickup is arranged or introduced.
  • the chambers are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer and in a respective half of the force transducer.
  • the force sensing means comprises a graphene attached to or integrated with the force transducer Polymer mass with variable electrical conductivity.
  • the polymer mass is preferably formed by a graphene-containing viscoelastic polymer mass such as a silicone-based jumping putty with boron content.
  • a graphene-containing viscoelastic polymer mass such as a silicone-based jumping putty with boron content.
  • a measured value signal representing and/or monitoring the torque on the output side reliably and with a high measurement quality and accuracy can be provided by the above-mentioned sensor means for preferably electronic signal evaluation.
  • the detection means can have means for wireless signal transmission of a measured value signal corresponding to the detected output torque and/or for monitoring this.
  • the detection means can also have electronic interface and/or signal processing means and electrical energy supply means. The latter can be implemented as electrical generator means interacting with a movable, in particular rotating, component of the flat output means.
  • the measured value signal provided by the detection means can be transmitted to a computing unit that is assigned to or can be connected to the screwing device, which evaluates the detected signal and, based thereon, calculates or calculates and/or monitors the respective output torque. For example, this can be based on Comparison tables and/or database information are provided. These can include, for example, measured values of the detection means determined in test series and the respective associated torque values, with which the respective output torque can be calculated or calculated and/or monitored based on the measured values provided.
  • the arithmetic unit can be designed to detect a deviation from a definable setpoint and to output an alarm or information signal if the deviation is too large, for example preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 5%.
  • the flywheel gears according to the invention are preferably closed or open flywheel gears.
  • the flywheel gear can be designed with or without an angle gear.
  • the geared offset drive means can also have curved teeth, for example as part of an angular gear.
  • the detection means according to the invention can also be assigned to a gear wheel with curved teeth or interact with it to detect the radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear wheel.
  • the present invention relates to a preferably hand-held or stationary screwing system, having the screwing device as described above and drive torque generating means connected on the drive side to the flat output means.
  • the torque generating means is preferably in the form of a manually operable or automatic screwdriver.
  • a stationary screwing system is preferably understood to mean a screwing system which is permanently installed or installed in a production unit, for example a robot cell, and can preferably be operated by an automatic controller.
  • the screwing device 10 shows a preferred embodiment of the screwing device 10 according to the invention for applying a torque to a screwing partner 20 such as a screw.
  • the screwing device 10 comprises flat output means 1 having an output 1b that can be detachably connected to the screwing partner 20 and a drive 1a, which can be subjected to a drive torque manually or mechanically, for example via an interposed angle and/or bevel gearing 31.
  • the screwing device 10 can preferably be selectively connected to a screwing tool 30, as a result of which the screwing system 40 according to the invention is formed.
  • the screwing tool 30 can be a commercially available tool and can be motorized, e.g. The drive torque introduced in this way is transmitted by the flat output means 1 in the manner described below to a tool 32 arranged as an output 1b for screwing actuation of the screwing partner 20 .
  • the screwing device 10 has a flat housing 30, which is preferably formed from essentially two housing halves 30a, 30b of essentially the same design.
  • the housing 30 preferably has a maximum height or width b of 30mm, more preferably 20mm.
  • the offset output means 1 have a drive assembly 2, for example, for interacting with the angle and/or bevel gearing 31 provided on the drive side, and an output assembly 3 for interacting with the screwing partner 20, for example via a tool 32 arranged on the output side connected thereto.
  • the flywheel drive means 1 preferably have a plurality of gears 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, which form a gear arrangement between the input 1a and the output 1b of the flywheel drive means 1.
  • the gears are preferably straight-toothed gears which, for example, realize a gear ratio of 1:1.
  • the gears can also deviate from the illustration in 2 be realized as helical gears. A different gear ratio can also be implemented.
  • the gears are preferably arranged in the housing 30 with their axes parallel and extend linearly along a longitudinal extension of the housing 30 in which they are rotatably arranged.
  • the gears can be partially included in the input or output assembly 2.3.
  • the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3 each have a toothing or a gear wheel 4a, 4e, which is in operative connection with the remaining gear wheels of the transmission arrangement.
  • the input and output assembly 2.3 can each be formed by a gear 4a, 4e.
  • such flat output means 1 are provided and suitable for transmitting a maximum torque of approximately 200 Nm.
  • the usual efficiency of such a straight-toothed gear arrangement is between approx. 85% and 95% (i.e. the ratio of an output-side torque at 4e to a drive-side torque at 4a).
  • detection means 5 Arranged between the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3 are detection means 5 which are designed to provide measured values for determining and/or monitoring an output torque acting on the screwing partner 20 on the output side.
  • the detection means 5 are associated with a preferably straight-toothed gear wheel 4d or are operatively connected to it.
  • the gear wheel 4d connected to the detection means 5 is preferably arranged in mesh with the gear wheel 4e of the output assembly 3.
  • the gear wheel 4d connected to the detection means 5 can also be included directly by the output assembly 3 or form it.
  • FIG. 6 shows a principle sketch, in which the in 2 illustrated linear arrangement of the straight-toothed gear group 4c, 4d, 4e is shown schematically.
  • the free section of the meshing gears 4c, 4d, 4e shown as an example shows that the respective tangential or circumferential forces F 1a , F 1b and F 2a , F 2b act in the Y-direction shown and are therefore essentially orthogonal when the teeth mesh extend to a direction X of the transmission arrangement 4c, 4d, 4e.
  • the origin of forces in the meshing is shown as an example on both sides. The magnitude of the forces differs only by a possible loss of efficiency within a gear stage.
  • the detection means 5 are therefore preferably arranged in the line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel 4d or arranged in such a way that they can detect the forces occurring in or along the line of action.
  • Figure 3a shows a perspective view of the gear wheel 4d and the associated or associated detection means 5.
  • the detection means 5 have a preferably essentially disk-shaped force transducer 5a, for example in the form of a spoked wheel (see also 3c ), which is formed integrally with an axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4a and/or is connected in a fixed manner, in particular non-rotatably.
  • the force transducer 5a is mounted non-rotatably in the housing 30a, 30b, for example by means of axially arranged bores 9a, 9b and connecting pins (not shown) accommodated therein.
  • the force transducer 5a can also be mounted in a form-locked manner in the housing.
  • the force transducer 5a can have an outer shape, for example essentially trapezoidal (cf. 3d ), which can be received or stored in a corresponding recess of the housing 30a, 30b in a torsion-proof manner.
  • the force transducer 5a is preferably arranged on an end face 6a of the gear wheel 4d or the axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4d.
  • the detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, preferably of the same design, which are arranged on two opposite end faces 6a, 6b of the gear wheel 4a or the axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4d (cf. Figure 3b ).
  • the gear wheel 4d preferably comprises the central axis of rotation 19 with a bore 19a arranged therein, which is designed for the preferably non-rotatable arrangement in the flat output means 1 and/or for guiding sensor lines or wiring 13 belonging to the detection means 5.
  • the axle 19 preferably has an axially projecting section 19b at both ends, which is designed to support and/or connect to the at least one force transducer 5a.
  • the section 19b can engage in a central bore 8 of the force transducer 5a, preferably in a torsion-proof manner.
  • a spacer or drilling disc 21 can be arranged between the force transducer 5a and a main axle body of the axle 19 .
  • a ring gear 22 of the gear wheel 4d is preferably arranged to be freely rotatable on the axis 19 by means of a needle bearing 23 .
  • the force transducer 5a has a central bore 8 for connecting the force transducer 5a to the axis of rotation 19 and/or for guiding sensor lines 13 .
  • the force transducer 5a preferably has a circular outer contour.
  • An outer diameter d or a maximum radial extent of the force transducer 5a is preferably smaller or essentially corresponds to the root circle of the gear wheel 4d.
  • a thickness t of the force transducer 5a is preferably between 1 and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.
  • the force transducer 5a has at least two preferably opposite radial struts or webs 7a, 7b and preferably substantially arc-shaped recesses 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d in between.
  • the force transducer 5a can be formed from an inner circle 18a and an outer circle 18b which is coaxial thereto and has radially running struts or webs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d.
  • the force transducer 5a has integrated or attached force sensor means, which are designed to detect a compressive and/or tensile force in the radial and/or tangential direction to the gearwheel 4d applied to the force transducer and thus to the bearing axis 19 connected thereto in a rotationally fixed manner as a bearing reaction force.
  • the force sensor means are formed by strain gauges 12a, 12b attached to the force transducer 5a.
  • struts 7a, 7b of the force transducer 5a are arranged on the radially extending and preferably opposite struts 7a, 7b of the force transducer 5a and can thus in particular detect a pressure and/or tensile force acting in these struts during the interaction of the associated gear wheel 4d with the gear wheels 4c, 4e meshing therewith.
  • the struts 7a, 7b or the force sensor means 12a, 12b are preferably arranged along or parallel to a line of action W of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel 4d in the respective gear arrangement (cf. also 6 ).
  • a signal provided in an otherwise customary and known manner for subsequent processing and evaluation can be output through the sensor cabling 13 .
  • the strain gauges as force sensor means generate a voltage change due to elastic deformation by radial forces, which is provided for electronic signal evaluation and in particular for determining and/or monitoring a torque on the output side.
  • the device can also have means for wireless signal transmission (not shown).
  • the signal evaluation can be carried out using computing means (not shown) which are assigned to or can be connected to the device and which, for example, calculate or monitor the associated or present torque on the basis of an output voltage signal. This can for example based on comparison tables stored in a database.
  • the force sensor signal can be very reproduce or monitor the actual output-side torque conditions at the offset output means in a precise, interference-free and reproducible manner.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, wherein the force transducer 5a has hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means.
  • the force transducer(s) 5a has at least one or preferably two suitable chambers 14a, 14b in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a suitable fluid is arranged or introduced.
  • the chambers 14a, 14b are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer 5a and mirrored along an axis A which divides the force transducer 5a in half.
  • a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure change in the chambers 14a, 14b occurring as a result of the interaction of the gear 4d with the gears 4c, 4e meshing with it can be detected by means of suitable pressure sensors assigned to the chambers 14a, 14b. Transmission to pressure sensors arranged externally to the force transducer 5a can take place by means of suitable lines 14c, 14d.
  • the chambers 14a, 14b can each have a filling and/or ventilation opening 24 which can be selectively closed with an associated plug (not shown). The sensor means can then output a corresponding electronic signal, which can be used to infer the torque present at the gear wheel 4d.
  • the detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, which are arranged on both end faces 6a, 6b of the gear wheel 4d or the axis of rotation 19.
  • the respective chambers 14a, 14b are preferably connected or coupled by means of channels 25 preferably formed in the axis of rotation 19 or guided therein.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, wherein the force transducer 5a has a graphene-containing polymer mass with variable electrical conductivity as the sensor means.
  • the force transducer 5a has at least one or preferably two suitable chambers 15a, 15b in the form of recesses or cavities, into which the graphene-containing polymer mass is introduced and which is contacted with the associated electrical lines 16a, 16b and 17a, 17b.
  • the chambers 15a, 15b are preferably arranged mirrored along an axis B which divides the force transducer 5a in half.
  • Radially extending spring elements 26 are preferably arranged as supporting structural elements within the chambers 15a, 15b.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schraubvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Drehmoments auf einen Schraubpartner mit integrierten Erfassungsmitteln für ein Abtriebsdrehmoment.The present invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner with integrated detection means for an output torque.

Aus dem Stand der Technik, insbesondere der industriellen Schraubtechnik, sind Schraubvorrichtungen mit Flachabtriebsmitteln allgemein bekannt. Es handelt sich dabei um - in der Regel in einem flachen Gehäuse aufgenommene - Getriebeeinheiten mit einem üblicherweise einends vorgesehenen Antrieb und einem gegenüberliegend-endseitig vorgesehenen Abtrieb, an welchem dann ein Schraubpartner wie beispielsweise eine mit einem Drehmoment zu beaufschlagende Schraube geeignet lösbar angesetzt werden kann. Derartige Schraubvorrichtungen werden insbesondere für Schraub- bzw. Montagearbeiten eingesetzt, bei welchen ein Schraubpartner aufgrund räumlicher Einbaubedingungen nur schwer erreichbar ist.From the state of the art, in particular from industrial screwing technology, screwing devices with flat output means are generally known. These are gear units - usually accommodated in a flat housing - with a drive usually provided at one end and an output drive provided at the opposite end, on which a screw partner such as a screw to be subjected to a torque can be suitably detachably attached. Screwing devices of this type are used in particular for screwing or assembly work in which a screwing partner is difficult to reach due to spatial installation conditions.

Aus Gründen der Qualitätssicherung oder zu Dokumentationszwecken ist es insbesondere bei der industriellen Anwendung gewünscht, ein auf den jeweiligen Schraubpartner abtriebsseitig wirkendes Abtriebsdrehmoment zu erfassen oder zu überwachen. Eine gattungsbildende Schraubvorrichtung ist bereits aus der WO 2018/188829 A1 bekannt. Diese offenbart den Flachabtriebsmitteln zugeordnete Erfassungsmittel, welche eine auf ein schrägverzahntes Zahnrad der Flachabtriebsmittel wirkende Axialkraft erfassen, wodurch das abtriebsseitig auf einen Schraubpartner wirkende Abtriebsdrehmoment bestimmt werden kann. Für eine derartige Bestimmung mittels Auswertung der erfassten Axialkräfte sind jedoch zusätzliche Axiallagerungen vorzusehen, was die konstruktive Komplexität der baulichen Anordnung in den Flachabtriebsmitteln erhöht. Ebenso benötigen die bekannten Erfassungsmittel zusätzlichen Bauraum in den Flachabtriebsmitteln.For reasons of quality assurance or for documentation purposes, it is particularly desirable in industrial applications to detect or monitor an output torque acting on the respective screwing partner. A generic screw is already from the WO 2018/188829 A1 known. This discloses the detection means assigned to the flat output means, which detect an axial force acting on a helical toothed gear wheel of the flat output means, as a result of which the output torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side can be determined. For such a determination by evaluating the detected axial forces, however, additional axial bearings must be provided, which increases the structural complexity of the structural arrangement in the flywheel output means. As well the known detection means require additional space in the geared offset drive means.

Die GB 2 383 282 A offenbart eine Drehmomentübertragungsvorrichtung aufweisend eine Hohlwelle mit Außenverzahnung zur Verbindung mit einem Kegelradgetriebe und eine in der Hohlwelle geführte zentrale Welle, wobei ein zwischen der zentralen Welle und einem endseitigen, tassenartigen Abschnitt der Hohlwelle angeordneter, flexibler Auslegebalken Drehmomentsensoren aufweist.The GB 2 383 282 A discloses a torque transmission device having a hollow shaft with external teeth for connection to a bevel gear and a central shaft guided in the hollow shaft, wherein a flexible cantilever beam arranged between the central shaft and a cup-like end section of the hollow shaft has torque sensors.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es basierend auf den bekannten Stand der Technik eine verbesserte Schraubvorrichtung bereitzustellen, welche die vorgenannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik überwindet oder zumindest deutlich abschwächt. Insbesondere soll eine Schraubvorrichtung mit alternativen Mitteln zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des abtriebsseitig auf einen Schraubpartner wirkenden Drehmoments bereitgestellt werden, welche gleichzeitig eine kostengünstige und kompakte Bauweise des Flachantriebs ermöglicht. Zudem soll eine zuverlässige Drehmomentbestimmung und/oder Überwachung ermöglicht werden. Die Erfindung adressiert zudem weitere Probleme, welche aus der folgenden Beschreibung näher hervorgehen.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved screwing device based on the known prior art, which overcomes or at least significantly alleviates the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a screwing device with alternative means for determining and/or monitoring the torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side is to be provided, which at the same time enables a cost-effective and compact design of the flat drive. In addition, a reliable torque determination and/or monitoring should be made possible. The invention also addresses other problems, which will become more apparent from the following description.

Die zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die Schraubvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Drehmoments auf einen Schraubpartner mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The underlying object is achieved by the screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner with the features of independent claim 1 . Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

In einem ersten Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung eine Schraubvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Drehmoments auf einen Schraubpartner, aufweisend Flachabtriebsmittel, die einen mit dem Schraubpartner lösbar verbindbaren Abtrieb sowie einen manuell oder maschinell mit einem Antriebsdrehmoment, vorzugsweise über eine zwischengeschaltete Winkel- und/oder Kegelverzahnung, beaufschlagbaren Antrieb aufweisen, und Erfassungsmittel zur Bereitstellung von Messwerten zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung eines abtriebsseitig auf den Schraubpartner wirkenden Abtriebsdrehmoments, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in einem Gehäuse der Flachabtriebsmittel vorgesehenen Erfassungsmittel so ausgebildet sind, dass diese eine auf ein vorzugsweise geradverzahntes, den Antrieb und den Abtrieb der Flachabtriebsmittel drehmomentübertragend verbindendes Zahnrad wirkende Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft erfassen und zur bevorzugt elektronischen Signalauswertung bereitstellen können.In a first aspect, the invention relates to a screwing device for applying a torque to a screwing partner, having flat output means which have an output that can be releasably connected to the screwing partner and a manually or mechanically connected one drive torque, preferably via an interposed angular and/or bevel gearing, and detection means for providing measured values for determining and/or monitoring an output torque acting on the screwing partner on the output side, characterized in that the detection means provided in a housing of the flat output means so are designed such that they can detect a radial force and/or tangential force acting on a preferably straight-toothed gear wheel connecting the drive and the output of the flat output means in a torque-transmitting manner and can provide this for preferably electronic signal evaluation.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Erfassungsmittel, welche im Gehäuse der Flachabtriebsmittel integriert sind und eine Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft bzw. Umfangskraft eines mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads in den Flachabtriebsmitteln erfassen, wird eine konstruktiv einfache Lösung zur zuverlässigen Bereitstellung von Messwerten zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des abtriebsseitig auf einen Schraubpartner wirkenden Abtriebsdrehmoments bereitgestellt. Insbesondere kann der notwendige Bauraum in den Flachabtriebsmitteln gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik minimiert werden. Zudem ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung der Schraubvorrichtung eine kostengünstige Herstellung und vereinfachte Wartung. Des Weiteren wird bei einer bereitgestellten Geradverzahnung des mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrads der Flachabtriebsmittel erzielt. Unter den oben genannten Messwerten zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des Abtriebsdrehmoments werden vorzugsweise die von den Erfassungsmitteln erfassten Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft bzw. diese repräsentierende Messwerte oder Messwertsignale verstanden.The design of the detection means according to the invention, which are integrated in the housing of the offset output means and detect a radial force and/or tangential force or circumferential force of a gear wheel in the offset output means that interacts with the detection means, provides a structurally simple solution for reliably providing measured values for determining and/or Monitoring of the output torque acting on a screwing partner on the output side. In particular, the space required in the geared offset drive means can be minimized compared to the known prior art. In addition, the design of the screw device according to the invention enables cost-effective production and simplified maintenance. Furthermore, if straight toothing is provided for the gear wheel interacting with the detection means, an increase in the efficiency of the flat output means is achieved. The above-mentioned measured values for determining and/or monitoring the output torque are preferably understood to mean the radial force and/or tangential force detected by the detection means or measured values or measured value signals representing these.

Gerade die konstruktive Einfachheit der vorliegenden Erfindung zum Erzeugen eines elektronisch auswertbaren Signals ermöglicht es dann, kompakt, unter Einsatz miniaturisierter Elektronikkomponenten und kostengünstig, eine Signalauswertung, eine (elektronische) Schnittstellenfunktionalität für eine standardisierte externe Auswertbarkeit und/oder eine (auch bevorzugt drahtlose) Signalübertragung nach extern zu realisieren. Gerade die weiterbildungsgemäß im Rahmen der Erfindung vorgesehenen elektrischen Energieversorgungsmittel für derartige elektronische Schnittstell- bzw. Signalaufbereitungsmittel ermöglichen eine derartige, drahtlose, autarke und entsprechend flexibel einsetzbare Funktionalität, wobei, neben etwa einer Batterielösung für die elektrischen Energieversorgungsmittel, zusätzlich weiterbildend auch eine elektrische Generatorlösung in Betracht kommt, welche, vorteilhaft die zwangsläufig bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schraubvorrichtung auftretenden Drehbewegungen der beteiligten Getriebekomponenten nutzend, in ansonsten bekannter Weise diese mechanische Bewegungsenergie in elektrische Betriebsenergie für die beschriebenen Funktionalitäten umsetzen kann. Auch der dadurch erreichte Vorteil einer Unabhängigkeit von Batterien oder anderen drahtgebundenen Energiequellen ist offensichtlich.It is precisely the constructive simplicity of the present invention for generating an electronically evaluable signal that then makes it possible, compactly, using miniaturized electronic components and inexpensively, to carry out signal evaluation, (electronic) interface functionality for standardized external evaluability and/or (also preferably wireless) signal transmission to be implemented externally. It is precisely the electrical power supply means provided as part of the invention for such electronic interface or signal processing means that enable such wireless, self-sufficient and correspondingly flexible functionality, with, in addition to a battery solution for the electrical power supply means, an electrical generator solution also being considered as a further development comes, which, advantageously using the inevitably occurring in the screwing device according to the invention rotational movements of the transmission components involved, can convert this mechanical kinetic energy into electrical operating energy for the functionalities described in an otherwise known manner. The advantage of independence from batteries or other wired energy sources is also obvious.

Die beschriebene, am Zahnrad wirkende Radial- und/oder Tangentialkraft bezieht sich auf eine am Zahnrad insbesondere während einer Wirkverbindung mit damit kämmenden weiteren Zahnrädern bzw. Verzahnungen anliegende jeweilige Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft am Zahnrad. Insbesondere bezieht sich die am Zahnrad wirkende Radial- und/oder Tangentialkraft auf eine durch die Erfassungsmittel detektierbare Lagerreaktionskraft des Zahnrads in Radial und/oder Tangentialrichtung. Vorzugsweise wird dabei die jeweilige Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft erfasst, welche bei einer Drehmomentenübertragung am mit den Erfassungsmitteln in Verbindung stehenden Zahnrad am Lager bzw. an einer vorzugsweise im Gehäuse feststehenden Drehachse des Zahnrads anliegt. Die Radialkraft und/oder Tangentialkraft bezieht sich hierbei vorzugsweise auf eine Kraft welche in einer Ebene im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Drehachse des Zahnrads und/oder Hauptachse des Flachabtriebs vorliegt.The described radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear relates to a respective radial force and/or tangential force applied to the gear, in particular during an operative connection with other gears or teeth meshing therewith. In particular, the radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear relates to a bearing reaction force of the gear in the radial and/or tangential direction that can be detected by the detection means. Preferably, the respective radial force and/or tangential force is detected which, during torque transmission, occurs on the gear wheel connected to the detection means on the bearing or on the bearing an axis of rotation of the gearwheel which is preferably fixed in the housing. In this case, the radial force and/or tangential force preferably relates to a force which is present in a plane essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the gear wheel and/or the main axis of the offset gear.

In einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Erfassungsmittel derart ausgebildet, dass diese eine Radialkraft in bzw. entlang einer Wirklinie erfassen, in welcher die am Zahnrad anliegenden vorzugsweise gleichgerichteten Tangential- bzw. Umfangskräfte zu einer resultierenden Kraft zusammengefasst bzw. zusammenfassbar sind. Die hierbei erfasste Radialkraft ist eine am Zahnrad anliegende Kraft bzw. Lagerreaktionskraft des Zahnrads.In a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, the detection means are designed in such a way that they detect a radial force in or along a line of action in which the preferably rectified tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gearwheel are or can be combined to form a resultant force. The radial force recorded here is a force applied to the gear wheel or bearing reaction force of the gear wheel.

Bei einer Geradverzahnung des mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads weist dieses bei der Wirkverbindung bzw. Interaktion mit damit kämmenden weiteren Zahnrädern bzw. Verzahnungen der Flachabtriebsmittel vorzugsweise lediglich rotatorischen Krafteintrag und somit auch lediglich am Zahnrad wirkende Radial- und/oder Tangentialkräfte auf. Es treten vorzugsweise keine Axialkräfte, d.h. Kräfte entlang einer Drehachse des Zahnrads, auf. Hierbei kann durch die Erfassungsmittel ein das abtriebsseitige Drehmoment zuverlässig repräsentierendes und/oder überwachendes Messwertsignal zur vorzugsweise elektronischen Signalauswertung bereitgestellt werden.If the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention has straight teeth, this preferably only has a rotary force input and thus also only radial and/or tangential forces acting on the gear wheel during the operative connection or interaction with other gear wheels or toothings of the offset output means meshing with it. There are preferably no axial forces, i.e. forces along an axis of rotation of the gear. In this case, a measured value signal that reliably represents and/or monitors the torque on the output side can be provided by the detection means for preferably electronic signal evaluation.

Bei einer Schrägverzahnung bzw. schrägverzahnten Ausbildung des mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads treten neben Radial- und/oder Tangentialkräften auch Axialkräfte am Zahnrad bzw. in Axialrichtung wirkende Lagerreaktionskräfte auf. Diese werden durch die erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmittel vorzugsweise nicht erfasst. Dennoch kann durch die Erfassungsmittel ein das abtriebsseitige Drehmoment zuverlässig überwachendes Messwertsignal zur vorzugsweise elektronischen Signalauswertung bereitgestellt werden. Hierbei kann insbesondere durch eine Abweichung der erfassten Radial- und/oder Tangentialkräfte auf eine Abweichung des abtriebsseitigen Drehmoments geschlossen werden.With helical gearing or helical gearing of the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention, in addition to radial and/or tangential forces, axial forces also occur on the gear wheel or bearing reaction forces acting in the axial direction. These are preferably not caused by the detection means according to the invention recorded. Nevertheless, a measured value signal that reliably monitors the torque on the output side can be provided by the detection means for preferably electronic signal evaluation. In this case, a deviation in the output-side torque can be inferred in particular from a deviation in the detected radial and/or tangential forces.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkende Zahnrad zwischen einer eine Verzahnung aufweisenden Antriebsbaugruppe der Flachabtriebsmittel und einer eine Verzahnung aufweisenden Abtriebsbaugruppe der Flachabtriebsmittel angeordnet. Das mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkende Zahnrad ist hierbei vorzugsweise als unmittelbar mit der Abtriebsbaugruppe zusammenwirkendes bzw. kämmendes Zahnrad ausgebildet. Alternativ kann das mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkende Zahnrad von der Abtriebsbaugruppe direkt umfasst sein. Beispielsweise kann das geradverzahnte Zahnrad selbst die Abtriebsbaugruppe der Flachabtriebsmittel bilden. Mit beiden Varianten lässt sich damit ein wesentlicher erfindungsgemäßer Vorteil realisieren, nämlich die erfindungsgemäße Messwerterfassung durch die Erfassungsmittel möglichst nah auf der Seite des Abtriebs der Flachabtriebsmittel.In a preferred embodiment, the gear wheel cooperating with the detection means according to the invention is arranged between a geared drive assembly of the flat output means and a geared output assembly of the flat output means. The gear wheel that interacts with the detection means according to the invention is preferably designed as a gear wheel that interacts or meshes directly with the output assembly. Alternatively, the gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention can be directly encompassed by the output assembly. For example, the straight-toothed gear itself can form the output assembly of the flat output means. An essential advantage according to the invention can thus be realized with both variants, namely the measured value acquisition according to the invention by the acquisition means as close as possible to the side of the output of the flat output means.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Flachabtriebsmittel eine Mehrzahl von Zahnrädern auf, welche eine Getriebeanordnung zwischen dem Antrieb und dem Abtrieb der Flachabtriebsmittel ausbilden. Das mit den erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkende Zahnrad ist hierbei vorzugsweise eines der die Getriebeanordnung bildenden Zahnräder. Die Getriebeanordnung kann dabei eine Geradverzahnung oder Schrägverzahnung aufweisen. Auch kann die Getriebeanordnung eine Winkel-, Kegel- und/oder Bogenverzahnung aufweisen.In a preferred embodiment, the gear output means have a plurality of gears which form a gear arrangement between the input and the output of the gear output means. The gear wheel interacting with the detection means according to the invention is preferably one of the gear wheels forming the gear arrangement. The gear arrangement can have straight gearing or helical gearing. The gear arrangement can also have angle, bevel and/or curved teeth.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Flachabtriebsmittel eine Mehrzahl, d.h. wenigstens zwei, bevorzugt wenigstens drei geradverzahnte oder schrägverzahnte Zahnräder auf. Besonders bevorzugt weisen die Flachabtriebsmittel nur geradverzahnte Zahnräder auf. Alternativ können die Flachabtriebsmittel jedoch wenigstens auch teilweise schrägverzahnte Zahnräder umfassen. Die Drehachsen der Zahnräder der Flachabtriebsmittel, erstrecken sich vorzugsweise alle in einer Ebene. Die Drehachsen verlaufen vorzugsweise parallel zueinander und erstecken sich durch Flachseiten des Gehäuses des Flachabtriebs.In a preferred embodiment, the flat output means have a plurality, i.e. at least two, preferably at least three, straight-toothed or helical-toothed gears. In a particularly preferred manner, the flat output means have only straight-toothed gears. Alternatively, however, the flat output means can also include at least partially helical gears. The axes of rotation of the gear wheels of the flat output means preferably all extend in one plane. The axes of rotation preferably run parallel to one another and extend through the flat sides of the housing of the offset output.

Das Gehäuse des Flachabtriebs weist vorzugsweise zwei parallel angeordnete Flachseiten bzw. sich gegenüberliegende ebene Außenflächen auf. Diese sind vorzugsweise frei von Vorsprüngen oder Erhebungen. Das Gehäuse ist vorzugsweise zweiteilig ausgebildet, mit zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Gehäusehälften. Die maximale Breite des Gehäuses liegt vorzugsweise unter 30mm, mehr bevorzugt unter 20mm.The housing of the offset output preferably has two parallel flat sides or opposite flat outer surfaces. These are preferably free of projections or elevations. The housing is preferably designed in two parts, with two opposite housing halves. The maximum width of the housing is preferably less than 30mm, more preferably less than 20mm.

Das mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkende Zahnrad weist vorzugsweise eine fest, insbesondere drehsicher, im Gehäuse angeordnete Lagerachse auf, auf welcher ein Zahnkranz des Zahnrads frei rotierbar, vorzugsweise mittels einer Nadellagerung, gelagert ist.The cog wheel interacting with the detection means preferably has a bearing axis which is arranged in the housing in a fixed, in particular non-rotatable manner, on which a ring gear of the cog wheel is mounted so that it can rotate freely, preferably by means of a needle bearing.

Die Erfassungsmittel weisen vorzugsweise wenigstens einen Kraftaufnehmer auf. Dieser ist vorzugsweise mit einem Lager bzw. mit der Lagerachse des Zahnrads fest, insbesondere verdrehsicher, verbunden oder integral damit ausgebildet. Der Kraftaufnehmer ist hierbei vorzugsweise verdrehsicher zwischen der Lagerachse und dem Gehäuse der Flachabtriebsmittel angeordnet. Hierbei kann der Kraftaufnehmer mittels geeigneter Stiftverbindung mit einem Gehäusedeckel und/oder mittels einer entsprechenden Formgebung in einer Gehäusedeckelausnehmung gegen ein verdrehen relativ zum Gehäuse gesichert sein.The detection means preferably have at least one force transducer. This is preferably firmly connected to a bearing or to the bearing axis of the gear wheel, in particular in a non-rotatable manner, or is formed integrally therewith. In this case, the force transducer is preferably arranged in a torsion-proof manner between the bearing axis and the housing of the flywheel output means. The force transducer can be secured against twisting relative to the housing by means of a suitable pin connection with a housing cover and/or by means of a corresponding shape in a housing cover recess.

Der Kraftaufnehmer ist vorzugsweise in einer sich zum Zahnrad radial erstreckenden Wirklinie der am Zahnrad anliegenden resultierenden Kraft angeordnet. Darunter wird vorzugsweise eine radial wirkende Kraft verstanden, in welcher die am Zahnrad anliegenden vorzugsweise gleichgerichteten Tangential- bzw. Umfangskräfte zu einer resultierenden Kraft zusammengefasst bzw. zusammenfassbar sind. Insbesondere ist der Kraftaufnehmer vorzugsweise derart angeordnet, dass dieser eine Radialkraft in bzw. entlang einer Wirklinie erfassen kann.The force transducer is preferably arranged in a line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel, which line of action extends radially to the gear wheel. This is preferably understood to mean a radially acting force in which the preferably rectified tangential or circumferential forces applied to the gear wheel are combined or can be combined to form a resultant force. In particular, the force transducer is preferably arranged in such a way that it can detect a radial force in or along a line of action.

Der Kraftaufnehmer ist vorzugsweise in der Form eines Speichenrads und erfindungsgemäß im Wesentlichen scheibenförmig ausgebildet. Der Kraftaufnehmer ist vorzugsweise aus dem gleichen Material wie das zugeordnete Zahnrad und/oder die Lagerachse des Zahnrads ausgebildet. Der Kraftaufnehmer ist vorzugsweise an einer Stirnseite des Zahnrads ausgebildet bzw. angeordnet. Insbesondere kann der Kraftaufnehmer unmittelbar an einem Verzahnungsrand des Zahnrades angeordnet sein. Weiter bevorzugt können zwei, vorzugsweise gleichartig ausgebildete Kraftaufnehmer auf gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten des Zahnrads ausgebildet bzw. angeordnet sein.The force transducer is preferably in the form of a spoked wheel and, according to the invention, is essentially disc-shaped. The force transducer is preferably made from the same material as the associated gear wheel and/or the bearing axle of the gear wheel. The force transducer is preferably formed or arranged on an end face of the gear wheel. In particular, the force transducer can be arranged directly on a toothed edge of the gear wheel. More preferably, two force transducers, preferably of the same design, can be formed or arranged on opposite end faces of the gear wheel.

Der Kraftaufnehmer ist vorzugsweise derart angeordnet, dass keine Kraftübertragung vom Kraftaufnehmer auf das Gehäuse der Flachabtriebsmittel in axialer Richtung, d.h. insbesondere entlang einer Drehachse des Zahnrads, stattfindet.The force transducer is preferably arranged in such a way that there is no transmission of force from the force transducer to the housing of the offset output means in the axial direction, i.e. in particular along an axis of rotation of the gear wheel.

Der Kraftaufnehmer kann koaxial zum zugeordneten Zahnrad und/oder rotationssymmetrisch angeordnet bzw. ausgebildet sein. Der Kraftaufnehmer weist vorzugsweise einen Außendurchmesser oder eine maximale radiale Erstreckung auf, welcher bzw. welche im Wesentlichen einem Fußkreis der Verzahnung des zugeordneten geradverzahnten Zahnrads entspricht. Der Kraftaufnehmer weist vorzugsweise eine sich axial erstreckende Dicke von 1 bis 5 mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 2,5 mm auf.The force transducer can be arranged or designed coaxially with the associated gearwheel and/or rotationally symmetrically. The force transducer preferably has an outer diameter or a maximum radial extent which essentially corresponds to a root circle of the toothing of the associated straight-toothed Gear corresponds. The force transducer preferably has an axially extending thickness of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.

Der Kraftaufnehmer weist integrierte Kraftsensormittel auf, welche dazu ausgebildet sind, eine am Kraftaufnehmer anliegende Druck- und/oder Zugkraft in Radial- und/oder Tangentialrichtung des Zahnrads bzw. des Kraftaufnehmers zu erfassen. Die Kraftsensormittel sind vorzugsweise in einer sich radial erstreckenden Wirklinie der am Zahnrad anliegenden resultierenden Kraft angeordnet.The force transducer has integrated force sensor means which are designed to detect a compressive and/or tensile force applied to the force transducer in the radial and/or tangential direction of the gear wheel or the force transducer. The force sensor means are preferably arranged in a radially extending line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel.

Die Kraftsensormittel umfassen wenigstens zwei Dehnungsmessstreifen am Kraftaufnehmer Die Dehnungsmessstreifen sind an sich radial erstreckenden und sich gegenüberliegenden Speichen bzw. Streben des Kraftaufnehmers angeordnet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Kraftsensormittel auch Piezoelemente aufweisen.The force sensor means comprise at least two strain gauges on the force transducer. The strain gauges are arranged on spokes or struts of the force transducer that extend radially and lie opposite one another. Alternatively or additionally, the force sensor means can also have piezo elements.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Kraftsensormittel am Kraftaufnehmer angebrachte oder mit diesem verbundene hydraulische oder pneumatische Drucksensormittel umfassen. Hierbei kann der Kraftaufnehmer wenigstens eine oder vorzugsweise zwei geeignete Kammern beispielsweise in Form von Aussparungen oder Hohlräumen aufweisen, in welchen ein zur hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Sensorabnahme geeignetes Fluid angeordnet bzw. eingebracht ist. Die Kammern sind vorzugsweise im Kraftaufnehmer gegenüberliegend und in einer jeweiligen Hälfte des Kraftaufnehmers angeordnet.Alternatively or additionally, the force sensor means can comprise hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means attached to or connected to the force transducer. In this case, the force transducer can have at least one or preferably two suitable chambers, for example in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a fluid suitable for hydraulic or pneumatic sensor pickup is arranged or introduced. The chambers are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer and in a respective half of the force transducer.

Die Kraftsensormittel umfassen eine am Kraftaufnehmer angebrachte oder integrierte graphenhaltige Polymermasse mit variabler elektrischer Leitfähigkeit.The force sensing means comprises a graphene attached to or integrated with the force transducer Polymer mass with variable electrical conductivity.

Diese kann beispielsweise in geeignete Kammern beispielsweise in der Form von Aussparungen oder Hohlräumen des Kraftaufnehmers eingebracht sein, welche vorzugsweise in einer jeweiligen Hälfte des Kraftaufnehmers gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Die Polymermasse ist vorzugsweise durch eine graphenhaltige viskoelastische Polymermasse wie beispielsweise eine Hüpfknete auf Silikonbasis mit Borgehalt gebildet. Eine derartige leitfähige Polymermasse mit eingearbeiteten Teilchen bzw. Flocken aus Graphen, welche über einen veränderlichen elektrischen Widerstand bei Druckveränderungen auf die Polymermasse verfügt, ist bekannt, vgl. Zeitschrift Science, 9.12.2016, Vol. 354, Ausgabe 6317, Seiten 1257-1260 .This can be introduced, for example, into suitable chambers, for example in the form of recesses or cavities in the force transducer, which are preferably arranged opposite one another in a respective half of the force transducer. The polymer mass is preferably formed by a graphene-containing viscoelastic polymer mass such as a silicone-based jumping putty with boron content. Such a conductive polymer mass with incorporated particles or flakes of graphene, which has a variable electrical resistance when the pressure changes on the polymer mass, is known, cf. Science Magazine, 2016-12-09, Vol. 354, Issue 6317, Pages 1257-1260 .

Durch die oben genannten Sensormittel kann ein das abtriebsseitige Drehmoment zuverlässig und mit hoher Messgüte und Genauigkeit repräsentierendes und/oder überwachendes Messwertsignal zur vorzugsweise elektronischen Signalauswertung bereitgestellt werden. Die Erfassungsmittel können dabei Mittel zur drahtlosen Signalübertragung eines dem erfassten Abtriebsdrehmoment entsprechenden und/oder dieses überwachenden Messwertsignals aufweisen. Die Erfassungsmittel können dabei weiterhin elektronische Schnittstellen- und/oder Signalaufbereitungsmittel sowie elektrische Energieversorgungsmittel aufweisen. Letztere können als mit einer beweglichen, insbesondere drehenden, Komponente der Flachabtriebsmittel zusammenwirkende elektrische Generatormittel realisiert sein.A measured value signal representing and/or monitoring the torque on the output side reliably and with a high measurement quality and accuracy can be provided by the above-mentioned sensor means for preferably electronic signal evaluation. The detection means can have means for wireless signal transmission of a measured value signal corresponding to the detected output torque and/or for monitoring this. The detection means can also have electronic interface and/or signal processing means and electrical energy supply means. The latter can be implemented as electrical generator means interacting with a movable, in particular rotating, component of the flat output means.

Das von den Erfassungsmittel bereitgestellte Messwertsignal kann an eine der Schraubvorrichtung zugeordnete oder mit dieser verbindbaren Recheneinheit übertragen werden, welche das erfasste Signal auswertet und basierend darauf das jeweilige Abtriebsdrehmoment errechnet bzw. berechnet und/oder überwacht. Dies kann beispielsweise basierend auf Vergleichstabellen und/oder Datenbankinformationen erfolgen. Diese können beispielsweise in Versuchsreihen ermittelte Messwerte der Erfassungsmittel und jeweils zugehörige Drehmomentenwerte umfassen, mit denen basierend auf den bereitgestellten Messwerten das jeweilige Abtriebsdrehmoment errechnet bzw. berechnet und/oder überwacht werden kann. Die Recheneinheit kann hierbei ausgebildet sein, eine Abweichung von einem definierbaren Sollwert zu detektieren und bei einer zu großen Abweichung, beispielsweise von bevorzugt über 10%, mehr bevorzugt von über 5%, ein Alarm- oder Hinweissignal auszugeben.The measured value signal provided by the detection means can be transmitted to a computing unit that is assigned to or can be connected to the screwing device, which evaluates the detected signal and, based thereon, calculates or calculates and/or monitors the respective output torque. For example, this can be based on Comparison tables and/or database information are provided. These can include, for example, measured values of the detection means determined in test series and the respective associated torque values, with which the respective output torque can be calculated or calculated and/or monitored based on the measured values provided. The arithmetic unit can be designed to detect a deviation from a definable setpoint and to output an alarm or information signal if the deviation is too large, for example preferably more than 10%, more preferably more than 5%.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Flachabtriebsmittel sind vorzugsweise geschlossene oder offene Flachabtriebsmittel. Die Flachabtriebsmittel können mit oder ohne Winkelgetriebe ausgeführt sein. Die Flachabtriebsmittel können zudem eine Bogenverzahnung, beispielsweise als Teil eines Winkelgetriebes, aufweisen. Hierbei können die erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmittel auch einem Zahnrad mit Bogenverzahnung zugeordnet sein bzw. mit diesem zur Erfassung der am Zahnrad wirkenden Radial- und/oder Tangentialkraft zusammenwirken.The flywheel gears according to the invention are preferably closed or open flywheel gears. The flywheel gear can be designed with or without an angle gear. The geared offset drive means can also have curved teeth, for example as part of an angular gear. In this case, the detection means according to the invention can also be assigned to a gear wheel with curved teeth or interact with it to detect the radial and/or tangential force acting on the gear wheel.

In einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein vorzugsweise handgehaltenes oder stationäres Schraubsystem, aufweisend die Schraubvorrichtung wie oben beschrieben sowie antriebsseitig mit den Flachabtriebsmitteln verbundene Antriebs-Drehmomenterzeugungsmittel. Die Drehmomenterzeugungsmittel sind vorzugsweise in Form eines manuell betätigbaren oder automatischen Schraubers. Unter stationärem Schraubsystem wird vorzugsweise ein Schraubsystem verstanden, welches in einer Fertigungseinheit, beispielsweise einer Roboterzelle, fest eingebaut bzw. verbaut ist und vorzugsweise durch eine automatische Steuerung betrieben werden kann.In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a preferably hand-held or stationary screwing system, having the screwing device as described above and drive torque generating means connected on the drive side to the flat output means. The torque generating means is preferably in the form of a manually operable or automatic screwdriver. A stationary screwing system is preferably understood to mean a screwing system which is permanently installed or installed in a production unit, for example a robot cell, and can preferably be operated by an automatic controller.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele sowie anhand der Zeichnungen, diese zeigen in:

Fig. 1:
eine Perspektivansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubsystems gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
Fig. 2:
eine Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Flachabtriebsmittel mit teilweise entferntem Gehäuse;
Fig. 3a:
eine Perspektivansicht eines mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads;
Fig. 3b:
eine Teilschnittansicht des Zahnrads gemäß Fig. 3a;
Fig. 3c:
eine Perspektivansicht des Kraftaufnehmers gemäß Fig. 3a und 3b;
Fig. 3d:
eine Perspektivansicht einer alternativen Ausbildung des Kraftaufnehmers;
Fig. 4a:
eine Perspektivansicht einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrands , wobei die Erfassungsmittel hydraulische oder pneumatische Drucksensormittel aufweisen;
Fig. 4b:
eine Schnittansicht des mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrads gemäß Fig. 4a;
Fig. 5:
eine Perspektivansicht einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftaufnehmers mit einer graphenhaltigen Polymermasse mit variabler elektrischer Leitfähigkeit umfassenden Sensormitteln; und
Fig. 6:
eine beispielhafte schematische Zeichnung der am mit den Erfassungsmitteln zusammenwirkenden Zahnrad anliegenden Kräfte.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments and from the drawings, which show in:
Figure 1:
a perspective view of the screw system according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2:
a perspective view of the flat output means according to the invention with a partially removed housing;
Figure 3a:
a perspective view of a cooperating with the detection means gear;
Figure 3b:
a partial sectional view of the gear according to FIG Figure 3a ;
Figure 3c:
a perspective view of the force transducer according to FIG Figures 3a and 3b ;
Figure 3d:
a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the force transducer;
Figure 4a:
a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the toothed edge interacting with the detection means, wherein the detection means have hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means;
Figure 4b:
a sectional view of the gear cooperating with the detection means according to FIG Figure 4a ;
Figure 5:
a perspective view of a further preferred embodiment of the force transducer according to the invention with a graphene-containing polymer composition with variable electrical conductivity comprising sensor means; and
Figure 6:
an exemplary schematic drawing of the forces applied to the cogwheel interacting with the detection means.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Schraubvorrichtung 10 zum Aufbringen eines Drehmoments auf einen Schraubpartner 20 wie beispielsweise einer Schraube. Die Schraubvorrichtung 10 umfasst Flachabtriebsmittel 1 aufweisend einen mit dem Schraubpartner 20 lösbar verbindbaren Abtrieb 1b und einen Antrieb 1a, welcher manuell oder maschinell mit einem Antriebsdrehmoment, beispielsweise über eine zwischengeschaltete Winkel- und/oder Kegelverzahnung 31 beaufschlagbar ist. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the screwing device 10 according to the invention for applying a torque to a screwing partner 20 such as a screw. The screwing device 10 comprises flat output means 1 having an output 1b that can be detachably connected to the screwing partner 20 and a drive 1a, which can be subjected to a drive torque manually or mechanically, for example via an interposed angle and/or bevel gearing 31.

Die Schraubvorrichtung 10 kann mit einem Schraubwerkzeug 30 vorzugsweise selektiv verbunden werden, wodurch das erfindungsgemäße Schraubsystem 40 gebildet wird. Das Schraubwerkzeug 30 kann ein handelsübliches Werkzeug sein und motorisch, z.B. elektrisch oder pneumatisch, ein Drehmoment über die Winkel und/oder Kegelverzahnung 31 in die Flachabtriebsmittel 1 der Schraubvorrichtung 10 eintragen. Das so eingebrachte Antriebsdrehmoment wird durch die Flachabtriebsmittel 1 in nachfolgend beschriebener Weise auf ein als Abtrieb 1b angeordnetes Werkzeug 32 zur Schraubbetätigung des Schraubpartners 20 übertragen.The screwing device 10 can preferably be selectively connected to a screwing tool 30, as a result of which the screwing system 40 according to the invention is formed. The screwing tool 30 can be a commercially available tool and can be motorized, e.g. The drive torque introduced in this way is transmitted by the flat output means 1 in the manner described below to a tool 32 arranged as an output 1b for screwing actuation of the screwing partner 20 .

Die Schraubvorrichtung 10 weist ein flaches Gehäuse 30, welches vorzugsweise aus im Wesentlichen zwei gleichförmig ausgebildeten Gehäusehälften 30a,30b gebildet ist. Das Gehäuse 30 weist vorzugsweise eine maximale Höhe bzw. Breite b von 30mm, mehr bevorzugt von 20mm auf.The screwing device 10 has a flat housing 30, which is preferably formed from essentially two housing halves 30a, 30b of essentially the same design. The housing 30 preferably has a maximum height or width b of 30mm, more preferably 20mm.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Flachabtriebsmittel 1 mit teilweise entferntem Gehäuse. Die Flachabtriebsmittel 1 weisen eine Antriebsbaugruppe 2 beispielsweise zum Zusammenwirken mit der antriebsseitig vorgesehenen Winkel und/oder Kegelverzahnung 31 auf, und eine Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 zum Zusammenwirken mit dem Schraubpartner 20, beispielsweise über ein damit verbundenes abtriebsseitig angeordnetes Werkzeug 32. 2 shows a perspective view of the flywheel output means 1 according to the invention with the housing partially removed. The offset output means 1 have a drive assembly 2, for example, for interacting with the angle and/or bevel gearing 31 provided on the drive side, and an output assembly 3 for interacting with the screwing partner 20, for example via a tool 32 arranged on the output side connected thereto.

Die Flachabtriebsmittel 1 weisen vorzugsweise eine Mehrzahl von Zahnrädern 4a,4b,4c,4d,4e auf, welche eine Getriebeanordnung zwischen dem Antrieb 1a und dem Abtrieb 1b der Flachabtriebsmittel 1 bilden. Die Zahnräder sind vorzugsweise geradverzahnte Zahnräder, welche beispielsweise eine Getriebeübersetzung 1:1 realisieren. Die Zahnräder können auch abweichend von der Darstellung in Fig. 2 als schrägverzahnte Zahnräder realisiert sein. Es kann auch eine hiervon abweichende Getriebeübersetzung realisiert sein.The flywheel drive means 1 preferably have a plurality of gears 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, which form a gear arrangement between the input 1a and the output 1b of the flywheel drive means 1. The gears are preferably straight-toothed gears which, for example, realize a gear ratio of 1:1. The gears can also deviate from the illustration in 2 be realized as helical gears. A different gear ratio can also be implemented.

Die Zahnräder sind vorzugsweise im Gehäuse 30 achsparallel angeordnet und erstrecken sich linienartig entlang einer Längserstreckung des Gehäuses 30, in welchem sie drehbar angeordnet sind. Die Zahnräder können teilweise von der Antriebs- oder Abtriebsbaugruppe 2,3 umfasst sein. Vorzugsweise weist die Antriebsbaugruppe 2 und die Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 jeweils eine Verzahnung bzw. ein Zahnrad 4a,4e auf, welches mit den restlichen Zahnrädern der Getriebeanordnung in Wirkverbindung steht. Insbesondere können die Antriebs- bzw. Abtriebsbaugruppe 2,3 jeweils durch ein Zahnrad 4a,4e gebildet sein.The gears are preferably arranged in the housing 30 with their axes parallel and extend linearly along a longitudinal extension of the housing 30 in which they are rotatably arranged. The gears can be partially included in the input or output assembly 2.3. Preferably, the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3 each have a toothing or a gear wheel 4a, 4e, which is in operative connection with the remaining gear wheels of the transmission arrangement. In particular, the input and output assembly 2.3 can each be formed by a gear 4a, 4e.

In einer typischen Realisierung einer manuellen Schraubbetätigung sind derartige Flachabtriebsmittel 1 zur Übertragung eines maximalen Drehmoments von ca. 200Nm vorgesehen und geeignet. Ein üblicher Wirkungsgrad einer derartigen, geradverzahnten Getriebeanordnung liegt, je nach Schmierbedingungen und Fein-Ausgestaltung der Verzahnungen, zwischen ca. 85 % und 95% (d.h. das Verhältnis eines abtriebsseitigen Drehmoments an 4e bezogen auf ein antriebsseitiges Drehmoment an 4a).In a typical implementation of a manual screw actuation, such flat output means 1 are provided and suitable for transmitting a maximum torque of approximately 200 Nm. Depending on the lubrication conditions and the fine design of the gearing, the usual efficiency of such a straight-toothed gear arrangement is between approx. 85% and 95% (i.e. the ratio of an output-side torque at 4e to a drive-side torque at 4a).

Zwischen Antriebsbaugruppe 2 und der Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 sind Erfassungsmittel 5 angeordnet, welche zur Bereitstellung von Messwerten zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung eines abtriebsseitig auf den Schraubpartner 20 wirkenden Abtriebsdrehmoments ausgebildet sind. Die Erfassungsmittel 5 sind einem vorzugsweise geradverzahnten Zahnrad 4d zugeordnet bzw. stehen mit diesem in Wirkverbindung. Das mit den Erfassungsmitteln 5 verbundene Zahnrad 4d ist vorzugsweise kämmend mit dem Zahnrad 4e der Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 angeordnet. Alternativ kann das mit den Erfassungsmitteln 5 verbundene Zahnrad 4d auch direkt von der Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 umfasst sein oder diese bilden.Arranged between the drive assembly 2 and the output assembly 3 are detection means 5 which are designed to provide measured values for determining and/or monitoring an output torque acting on the screwing partner 20 on the output side. The detection means 5 are associated with a preferably straight-toothed gear wheel 4d or are operatively connected to it. The gear wheel 4d connected to the detection means 5 is preferably arranged in mesh with the gear wheel 4e of the output assembly 3. Alternatively, the gear wheel 4d connected to the detection means 5 can also be included directly by the output assembly 3 or form it.

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze, in welcher die in Fig. 2 dargestellte lineare Anordnung der geradverzahnten Zahnradgruppe 4c,4d,4e schematisch dargestellt ist. In dem darin beispielhaft gezeigten Freischnitt der kämmenden Zahnrädern 4c, 4d, 4e zeigt sich, dass die jeweiligen Tangential- bzw. Umfangskräfte F1a,F1b und F2a,F2b beim Verzahnungseingriff in der gezeigten Y-Richtung wirken und somit im Wesentlichen orthogonal zu einer Erstreckungsrichtung X der Getriebeanordnung 4c,4d,4e verlaufen. Am mittleren Zahnrads 4d, ist beispielhaft beidseitig der Kräfteursprung im Verzahnungseingriff dargestellt. Der Betrag der Kräfte unterscheidet sich lediglich um einen möglichen Wirkungsgradverlust innerhalb einer Zahnradstufe. Werden die beiden gleichgerichteten Umfangskräfte F1a,F1b und F2a,F2b zu einer resultierenden Kraft zusammengefasst, so liegt deren Wirklinie W nahezu im Zentrum des Zahnrads 4d. Die erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmittel 5 werden daher vorzugsweise in der Wirklinie der am Zahnrad 4d anliegenden resultierenden Kraft angeordnet bzw. derart angeordnet, dass diese die in bzw. entlang der Wirklinie auftretenden Kräfte erfassen können. 6 shows a principle sketch, in which the in 2 illustrated linear arrangement of the straight-toothed gear group 4c, 4d, 4e is shown schematically. The free section of the meshing gears 4c, 4d, 4e shown as an example shows that the respective tangential or circumferential forces F 1a , F 1b and F 2a , F 2b act in the Y-direction shown and are therefore essentially orthogonal when the teeth mesh extend to a direction X of the transmission arrangement 4c, 4d, 4e. On the middle gear 4d, the origin of forces in the meshing is shown as an example on both sides. The magnitude of the forces differs only by a possible loss of efficiency within a gear stage. If the two circumferential forces in the same direction F 1a , F 1b and F 2a , F 2b become one Summarized resulting force, the line of action W is almost in the center of the gear 4d. The detection means 5 according to the invention are therefore preferably arranged in the line of action of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel 4d or arranged in such a way that they can detect the forces occurring in or along the line of action.

Fig. 3a zeigt eine Perspektivansicht des Zahnrads 4d und den zugehörigen bzw. diesem zugeordneten Erfassungsmitteln 5. Figure 3a shows a perspective view of the gear wheel 4d and the associated or associated detection means 5.

Die Erfassungsmittel 5 weisen einen vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen scheibenförmigen Kraftaufnehmer 5a beispielsweise in der Form eines Speichenrads auf (siehe auch Fig. 3c ), welcher mit einer Drehachse 19 des Zahnrads 4a integral ausgebildet und/oder fest, insbesondere drehsicher, verbunden ist. Zudem ist der Kraftaufnehmer 5a beispielsweise mittels axial angeordneter Bohrungen 9a,9b und darin aufgenommenen Verbindungsstiften (nicht gezeigt) rotationsfest im Gehäuse 30a,30b gelagert. Alternativ zu dieser Ausbildung, kann der Kraftaufnehmer 5a auch formgesichert im Gehäuse gelagert sein. Hierbei kann der Kraftaufnehmer 5a eine äußere, beispielsweise im Wesentlichen trapezförmige, Form aufweisen (vgl. Fig. 3d ), welche in einer entsprechenden Aussparung des Gehäuses 30a,30b verdrehsicher aufgenommen bzw. gelagert werden kann.The detection means 5 have a preferably essentially disk-shaped force transducer 5a, for example in the form of a spoked wheel (see also 3c ), which is formed integrally with an axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4a and/or is connected in a fixed manner, in particular non-rotatably. In addition, the force transducer 5a is mounted non-rotatably in the housing 30a, 30b, for example by means of axially arranged bores 9a, 9b and connecting pins (not shown) accommodated therein. As an alternative to this design, the force transducer 5a can also be mounted in a form-locked manner in the housing. In this case, the force transducer 5a can have an outer shape, for example essentially trapezoidal (cf. 3d ), which can be received or stored in a corresponding recess of the housing 30a, 30b in a torsion-proof manner.

Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a ist vorzugsweise an einer Stirnseite 6a des Zahnrads 4d bzw. der Drehachse 19 des Zahnrads 4d angeordnet. Die Erfassungsmittel 5 weisen vorzugsweise zwei vorzugsweise gleichartig ausgebildete Kraftaufnehmer 5a auf, welche an zwei gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten 6a,6b des Zahnrads 4a bzw. der Drehachse 19 des Zahnrads 4d angeordnet sind (vgl. Fig. 3b ).The force transducer 5a is preferably arranged on an end face 6a of the gear wheel 4d or the axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4d. The detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, preferably of the same design, which are arranged on two opposite end faces 6a, 6b of the gear wheel 4a or the axis of rotation 19 of the gear wheel 4d (cf. Figure 3b ).

Das Zahnrad 4d umfasst vorzugsweise die zentrale Drehachse 19 mit einer darin angeordneten Bohrung 19a, welche zur vorzugsweise drehfesten Anordnung in den Flachabtriebsmitteln 1 und/oder Führung von zu den Erfassungsmitteln 5 gehörenden Sensorleitungen bzw. -verdrahtungen 13 ausgebildet ist. Die Achse 19 weist vorzugsweise beidends einen axial vorstehenden Abschnitt 19b auf, welcher zur Lagerung des und/oder Verbindung mit dem wenigstens einen Kraftaufnehmer 5a ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere kann der Abschnitt 19b in eine zentrale Bohrung 8 des Kraftaufnehmers 5a vorzugsweise verdrehsicher eingreifen. Zwischen Kraftaufnehmer 5a und einem Hauptachsenkörper der Achse 19 kann eine Distanz- oder Bohrscheibe 21 angeordnet sein. Ein Zahnkranz 22 des Zahnrads 4d ist vorzugsweise mittels einer Nadellagerung 23 auf der Achse 19 frei rotierbar angeordnet.The gear wheel 4d preferably comprises the central axis of rotation 19 with a bore 19a arranged therein, which is designed for the preferably non-rotatable arrangement in the flat output means 1 and/or for guiding sensor lines or wiring 13 belonging to the detection means 5. The axle 19 preferably has an axially projecting section 19b at both ends, which is designed to support and/or connect to the at least one force transducer 5a. In particular, the section 19b can engage in a central bore 8 of the force transducer 5a, preferably in a torsion-proof manner. A spacer or drilling disc 21 can be arranged between the force transducer 5a and a main axle body of the axle 19 . A ring gear 22 of the gear wheel 4d is preferably arranged to be freely rotatable on the axis 19 by means of a needle bearing 23 .

Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a weist eine zentrale Bohrung 8 zur Verbindung des Kraftaufnehmers 5a mit der Drehachse 19 und/oder zur Führung von Sensorleitungen 13 auf. Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a hat vorzugsweise eine kreisrunde Außenkontur. Ein Außendurchmesser d oder eine maximale radiale Erstreckung des Kraftaufnehmers 5a ist vorzugsweise kleiner oder entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Fußkreis des Zahnrads 4d. Eine Dicke t des Kraftaufnehmers 5a liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 5mm, mehr bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 2,5mm.The force transducer 5a has a central bore 8 for connecting the force transducer 5a to the axis of rotation 19 and/or for guiding sensor lines 13 . The force transducer 5a preferably has a circular outer contour. An outer diameter d or a maximum radial extent of the force transducer 5a is preferably smaller or essentially corresponds to the root circle of the gear wheel 4d. A thickness t of the force transducer 5a is preferably between 1 and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 and 2.5 mm.

Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a weist wenigstens zwei sich vorzugsweise gegenüberliegende radiale Streben bzw. Stege 7a,7b und dazwischenliegende vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen bogenförmige Aussparungen 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d auf. Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a kann aus einem Innenkreis 18a und einem diesem koaxial ausgebildeten Außenkreis 18b mit radial verlaufenden Streben bzw. Stegen 7a,7b,7c,7d gebildet sein.The force transducer 5a has at least two preferably opposite radial struts or webs 7a, 7b and preferably substantially arc-shaped recesses 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d in between. The force transducer 5a can be formed from an inner circle 18a and an outer circle 18b which is coaxial thereto and has radially running struts or webs 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d.

Der Kraftaufnehmer 5a weist integrierte oder darauf angebrachte Kraftsensormittel auf, welche dazu ausgebildet sind, eine am Kraftaufnehmer und somit an der damit drehfest verbundenen Lagerachse 19 als Lagerreaktionskraft anliegende Druck- und/oder Zugkraft in Radial- und/oder Tangentialrichtung zum Zahnrad 4d zu erfassen. In der in Fig. 3a-3c gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Kraftsensormittel durch am Kraftaufnehmer 5a angebrachte Dehnungsmessstreifen 12a,12b gebildet. Diese sind an den sich radial erstreckenden und vorzugsweise gegenüberliegenden Streben 7a,7b des Kraftaufnehmers 5a angeordnet und können somit insbesondere eine in diesen Streben wirkende Druck und/oder Zugkraft während der Zusammenwirkung des zugeordneten Zahnrads 4d mit den damit kämmenden Zahnrädern 4c,4e detektieren. Die Streben 7a,7b bzw. die Kraftsensormittel 12a,12b sind vorzugsweise entlang oder parallel zu einer Wirklinie W der am Zahnrad 4d anliegenden resultierenden Kraft in der jeweiligen Getriebeanordnung angeordnet (vgl. auch Fig. 6).The force transducer 5a has integrated or attached force sensor means, which are designed to detect a compressive and/or tensile force in the radial and/or tangential direction to the gearwheel 4d applied to the force transducer and thus to the bearing axis 19 connected thereto in a rotationally fixed manner as a bearing reaction force. in the in Figures 3a-3c embodiment shown, the force sensor means are formed by strain gauges 12a, 12b attached to the force transducer 5a. These are arranged on the radially extending and preferably opposite struts 7a, 7b of the force transducer 5a and can thus in particular detect a pressure and/or tensile force acting in these struts during the interaction of the associated gear wheel 4d with the gear wheels 4c, 4e meshing therewith. The struts 7a, 7b or the force sensor means 12a, 12b are preferably arranged along or parallel to a line of action W of the resultant force applied to the gear wheel 4d in the respective gear arrangement (cf. also 6 ).

Durch die Sensorverkabelung 13 kann ein in ansonsten üblicher und bekannter Weise zur nachfolgenden Aufbereitung und Auswertung bereitgestelltes Signal ausgegeben werden. Vorzugsweise wird durch die Dehnungsmessstreifen als Kraftsensormittel eine Spannungsänderung aufgrund einer elastischen Verformung durch Radialkräfte erzeugt, welche zur elektronischen Signalauswertung und insbesondere zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung eines abtriebsseitigen Drehmoments bereitgestellt wird. Zur Ausgabe des Messwertsignals zur elektronischen Signalauswertung kann die Vorrichtung auch Mittel zur drahtlosen Signalübertragung aufweisen (nicht gezeigt). Die Signalauswertung kann mit der Vorrichtung zugeordneten oder mit dieser verbindbaren Rechenmitteln (nicht gezeigt) erfolgen, welche beispielsweise basierend auf einem ausgegebenen Spannungssignal das zugehörige bzw. anliegende Drehmoment berechnen oder überwachen. Dies kann beispielsweise basierend auf in einer Datenbank hinterlegten Vergleichstabellen erfolgen. Da das Zahnrad 4d und der damit verbundene erfindungsgemäße Kraftaufnehmer 5a unmittelbar mit der Verzahnung 4a der Abtriebsbaugruppe 3 kämmt, welche wiederum dann unmittelbar das Abtriebsdrehmoment zum Schraubzweck in den Schraubpartner 20 einträgt, kann bei vernachlässigbarem Verlust dieser Drehmomentpaarung zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe das Kraftsensorsignal in sehr präziser, störsicherer und reproduzierbarer Weise die tatsächlichen abtriebsseitigen Drehmomentverhältnisse an den Flachabtriebsmitteln wiedergeben oder überwachen.A signal provided in an otherwise customary and known manner for subsequent processing and evaluation can be output through the sensor cabling 13 . Preferably, the strain gauges as force sensor means generate a voltage change due to elastic deformation by radial forces, which is provided for electronic signal evaluation and in particular for determining and/or monitoring a torque on the output side. To output the measured value signal for electronic signal evaluation, the device can also have means for wireless signal transmission (not shown). The signal evaluation can be carried out using computing means (not shown) which are assigned to or can be connected to the device and which, for example, calculate or monitor the associated or present torque on the basis of an output voltage signal. This can for example based on comparison tables stored in a database. Since the gear wheel 4d and the associated force transducer 5a according to the invention mesh directly with the toothing 4a of the output assembly 3, which in turn then directly enters the output torque for the screwing purpose in the screwing partner 20, with a negligible loss of this torque pairing to solve the task according to the invention, the force sensor signal can be very reproduce or monitor the actual output-side torque conditions at the offset output means in a precise, interference-free and reproducible manner.

Fig. 4a und 4b zeigen eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmittel 5, wobei der Kraftaufnehmer 5a hydraulische oder pneumatische Drucksensormittel aufweist. Insbesondere weist der bzw. die Kraftaufnehmer 5a wenigstens eine oder vorzugsweise zwei geeignete Kammern 14a,14b in der Form von Aussparungen oder Hohlräumen auf, in welchen ein geeignetes Fluid angeordnet bzw. eingebracht ist. Die Kammern 14a,14b sind vorzugsweise im Kraftaufnehmer 5a gegenüberliegend und entlang einer den Kraftaufnehmer 5a hälftig teilenden Achse A gespiegelt angeordnet. Eine durch das Zusammenwirken des Zahnrads 4d mit den damit kämmenden Zahnrädern 4c,4e auftretende hydraulische oder pneumatische Druckveränderung in den Kammern 14a,14b kann mittels geeigneten, den Kammern 14a,14b zugeordneten Drucksensoren detektiert werden. Eine Übertragung an zum Kraftaufnehmer 5a extern angeordnete Drucksensoren kann mittels geeigneter Leitungen 14c,14d erfolgen. Die Kammern 14a,14b können jeweils eine Befüllungs- und/oder Belüftungsöffnung 24 aufweisen, welche mit einem zugehörigen Stopfen (nicht gezeigt) selektiv verschließbar ist. Durch die Sensormittel kann dann eine entsprechende elektronische Signalausgabe erfolgen, durch welche auf das am Zahnrad 4d anliegende Drehmoment geschlossen werden kann. Figures 4a and 4b show a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, wherein the force transducer 5a has hydraulic or pneumatic pressure sensor means. In particular, the force transducer(s) 5a has at least one or preferably two suitable chambers 14a, 14b in the form of recesses or cavities, in which a suitable fluid is arranged or introduced. The chambers 14a, 14b are preferably arranged opposite one another in the force transducer 5a and mirrored along an axis A which divides the force transducer 5a in half. A hydraulic or pneumatic pressure change in the chambers 14a, 14b occurring as a result of the interaction of the gear 4d with the gears 4c, 4e meshing with it can be detected by means of suitable pressure sensors assigned to the chambers 14a, 14b. Transmission to pressure sensors arranged externally to the force transducer 5a can take place by means of suitable lines 14c, 14d. The chambers 14a, 14b can each have a filling and/or ventilation opening 24 which can be selectively closed with an associated plug (not shown). The sensor means can then output a corresponding electronic signal, which can be used to infer the torque present at the gear wheel 4d.

Wie in Fig. 4b gezeigt, weisen die Erfassungsmittel 5 vorzugsweise zwei Kraftaufnehmer 5a auf, welche an beiden Stirnseiten 6a,6b des Zahnrads 4d bzw. der Drehachse 19 angeordnet sind. Die jeweiligen Kammern 14a, 14b sind hierbei vorzugsweise mittels vorzugsweise in der Drehachse 19 ausgebildeten oder darin geführten Kanälen 25 verbunden bzw. gekoppelt.As in Figure 4b shown, the detection means 5 preferably have two force transducers 5a, which are arranged on both end faces 6a, 6b of the gear wheel 4d or the axis of rotation 19. The respective chambers 14a, 14b are preferably connected or coupled by means of channels 25 preferably formed in the axis of rotation 19 or guided therein.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Erfassungsmittel 5, wobei der Kraftaufnehmer 5a eine graphenhaltige Polymermasse mit variabler elektrischer Leitfähigkeit als Sensormittel aufweist. Insbesondere weist der Kraftaufnehmer 5a wenigstens eine oder vorzugsweise zwei geeignete Kammern 15a,15b in der Form von Aussparungen oder Hohlräumen auf, in welchen die graphenhaltige Polymermasse eingebracht ist, und welche mit jeweils zugehörigen elektrischen Leitungen 16a,16b und 17a,17b kontaktiert ist. Die Kammern 15a,15b sind vorzugsweise entlang einer den Kraftaufnehmer 5a hälftig teilenden Achse B gespiegelt angeordnet. Innerhalb der Kammern 15a,15b sind vorzugsweise sich radial erstreckende Federelemente 26 als unterstützende Strukturelemente angeordnet. figure 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the detection means 5 according to the invention, wherein the force transducer 5a has a graphene-containing polymer mass with variable electrical conductivity as the sensor means. In particular, the force transducer 5a has at least one or preferably two suitable chambers 15a, 15b in the form of recesses or cavities, into which the graphene-containing polymer mass is introduced and which is contacted with the associated electrical lines 16a, 16b and 17a, 17b. The chambers 15a, 15b are preferably arranged mirrored along an axis B which divides the force transducer 5a in half. Radially extending spring elements 26 are preferably arranged as supporting structural elements within the chambers 15a, 15b.

Bei einem am Zahnrad 4d anliegenden Drehmoment und somit bei einer am damit zusammenwirkenden Kraftaufnehmer 5a auftretenden Reaktionskraft verändert sich die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der graphenhaltigen Polymermasse, wodurch ein drehmomentenabhängiges Sensorsignal zur elektronischen Signalauswertung ausgegeben werden kann.When a torque is applied to the gear wheel 4d and thus when there is a reaction force occurring at the cooperating force transducer 5a, the electrical conductivity of the graphene-containing polymer mass changes, as a result of which a torque-dependent sensor signal can be output for electronic signal evaluation.

Die oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen sind lediglich beispielhaft, wobei die Erfindung keineswegs auf die in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsformen beschränkt ist.The embodiments described above are merely exemplary, the invention in no way being restricted to those shown in the figures Embodiments is limited.

Claims (12)

  1. A screwing device (10) for applying a torque to a screw partner (20), the screwing device (10) comprising
    geared offset head means (1) having an output (1b) which can be connected to the screw partner (20) in a detachable manner and a drive (1a) to which a drive torque can be manually or mechanically applied, in particular via an intermediate angle and/or bevel gearing (31), and
    detection means (5) which are provided in a housing (30) of the geared offset head means (1) and which are configured to provide measurement values for determining and/or monitoring an output torque acting on the screw partner on the output side,
    characterized in that
    the detection means (5) are configured in such a manner that they can detect a radial force and/or a tangential force which acts on a preferably straight-toothed gearwheel (4d) which connects the drive and the output of the geared offset head means (1) in a torque-transmitting manner and that the detection means (5) can provide the radial force and/or tangential force for preferably electronic signal evaluation, and that the detection means (5) comprise an substantially disc-shaped force transducer (5a) which comprises integrated force sensor means which are configured to detect a compressive and/or pulling force applied to the force transducer (5a) in a radial and/or tangential direction,
    wherein the integrated force sensor means are formed by strain gauges (12a, 12b) which are attached to the force transducer (5a) and which are preferably disposed on opposite struts (7a, 7b) of the force transducer (5a) which extend in the radial direction, or
    wherein the integrated sensor means are formed by a polymer mass (15a, 15b) which is attached to or integrated into the force transducer (5a), which contains graphene and which has variable electrical conductivity.
  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the geared offset head means (1) comprise the gearwheel (4d), which interacts with the detection means (5) according to the invention, between a drive assembly (2), which has a gearing and which forms the drive (1a), and an output assembly (3), which has a gearing and which forms the output (1b), or in that an output assembly (3) comprises the gearwheel (4d) which interacts with the detection means (5) according to the invention.
  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the geared offset head means (1) comprise a plurality of gearwheels (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) which form a gear arrangement between the drive (1a) and the output (1b), wherein the gearwheel (4d) which interacts with the detection means (5) according to the invention is preferably one of the gearwheels (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) which form the gear arrangement.
  4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the geared offset head means (1) comprise a plurality of gearwheels (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) whose rotation axes preferably extend in a common plane.
  5. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force transducer (5a) is disposed in a line of action (W) of the resulting force applied to the gearwheel (4d), wherein the line of action (W) extends radially to the gearwheel.
  6. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force transducer (5a) is disposed on an end face (6a) of the gearwheel and preferably coaxially thereto.
  7. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the force transducer (5a) is firmly connected to or integrally formed with a bearing (19) of the gearwheel (4d).
  8. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer mass (15a, 15b) containing graphene is a bouncing putty based on silicone containing boron.
  9. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (5) comprise means for the preferably wireless signal transmission of a measurement value signal which corresponds to the detected output torque and/or which monitors said output torque.
  10. The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection means (5) comprise electronic interface and/or signal processing means and electrical energy supply means.
  11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the electrical energy supply means are realized as electrical generator means which interact with a moving, in particular rotating, component of the geared offset head means.
  12. A handheld or stationary screwing system (40) comprising the screwing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and drive torque generating means (30) connected to the geared offset head means on the drive side.
EP19189731.3A 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means Active EP3771519B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES19189731T ES2943491T3 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwdriving device with integrated detection means
EP23154666.4A EP4197696A1 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means
EP19189731.3A EP3771519B1 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means
PCT/EP2020/066949 WO2021023422A1 (en) 2019-08-02 2020-06-18 Screw device having integrated detection means
CN202080061955.1A CN114375242A (en) 2019-08-02 2020-06-18 Tightening device with integrated detection device
JP2022506605A JP2022543791A (en) 2019-08-02 2020-06-18 Screw tightening device with integrated detection means
US17/631,671 US12128530B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2020-06-18 Screw device having integrated detection means
KR1020227005602A KR102726000B1 (en) 2019-08-02 2020-06-18 Screw fastening device with integrated detection means

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19189731.3A EP3771519B1 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means

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EP23154666.4A Division EP4197696A1 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means
EP23154666.4A Division-Into EP4197696A1 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Screwing device with integrated sensing means

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EP3771519A1 EP3771519A1 (en) 2021-02-03
EP3771519B1 true EP3771519B1 (en) 2023-03-15

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EP (2) EP4197696A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2022543791A (en)
CN (1) CN114375242A (en)
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ES2943491T3 (en) * 2019-08-02 2023-06-13 Johannes Luebbering Gmbh Screwdriving device with integrated detection means

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ES2943491T3 (en) 2023-06-13
EP4197696A1 (en) 2023-06-21
JP2022543791A (en) 2022-10-14
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KR20220042383A (en) 2022-04-05
CN114375242A (en) 2022-04-19
WO2021023422A1 (en) 2021-02-11
US12128530B2 (en) 2024-10-29
US20220274232A1 (en) 2022-09-01

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