Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
  • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
  • F41H11/04—Aerial barrages
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
  • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
  • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
  • B21F27/08—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of defense systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for blocking ballistic and direct hit munitions and drones.
• Munitions such as antitank missiles, rockets, shells, bomblets, and other artillery or explosive objects are used and often fired by army units or terrorist organizations into urban areas, critical facilities and military zones. Drones, with or without explosives, can penetrate the aerial perimeter of the mentioned areas and zones. There is a great need for protection of several specific zones from these fired objects and drones. Another example of such zones are zones that have special installations, infrastructures and arsenal.
• US 2010/0102166 relates to an apparatus and method of missile interception.
• the missile interceptor comprises a net body with a plurality of sections and at least one missile trajectory effector, preferably an exploding ring.
• WO 2008/114261 relates to a barrier, wherein the barrier is an upwardly immobilized barrier (UIB) comprising a barrier, comprising at least one netting adapted to avoid or hinder penetration of actuated members, and at least one balloon immobilizing the netting from the nettings top portion.
• UAB upwardly immobilized barrier
• US 2010/0294124 relates to a device and a method for protecting objects against rocket- propelled grenades having a hollow nose cone including a netting of knotted and coated superstrong fibers disposed in front of the object, in such a manner that the nose cone of a rocket caught in the netting will penetrate one of the meshes of the netting and be deformed through strangulation, thereby disabling the detonator.
• Analysis of Geometrically nonlinear Structures, Second Edition, Chapter 7 - CABLE NETS AND FABRIC STRUCTURES; by Robert Levy and William R. Spillers; 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers; pages 151-186, relates to cable net structures formed by tailoring portions thereof. This publication is incorporated herein by reference.
• the present invention relates to a system for protecting certain zones by blocking munitions from exploding in the specific zones.
• the present invention further provides means for preventing drones or other explosive items from penetrating into and/or exploding in said zones.
• the present invention relates to a coarse net connected to cutouts of a fine net creating a light weight combined net structure that is easy to put up in place for its protective purpose.
• the combined net structure is foldable and easily transportable.
• the combined net structure When put in place, preferably has a 3 -dimensional shape and is strong and can remain in shape when put up.
• the present invention relates to a combined net structure comprising: a. a non-planar coarse net with a grid-like structure comprising a plurality of coarse cables wherein longitudinal coarse cables intersect with latitudinal coarse cables to form a plurality of coarse cells;
• each non-edge fine cable is attached to two adjacent fine cables on each of its sides at a plurality of locations along their lengths forming attachment points;
• the fine net is spread out such that said fine cables form a series of quadrangular cells, wherein said fine net is arranged in a form of an array of fine quadrangular cells with said attachment points constituting the vertices of said fine quadrangular cells.
• each fine net cutout is substantially coextensive in shape with one or more coarse cells.
• all the coarse cells are attached to fine net cutouts.
• the fine net cutouts are connected to the coarse net such that portions of a fine cable of said fine net cutouts are attached to corresponding portions of a coarse cable of the coarse net by means of connecting elements that hold said fine cable and said coarse cable together.
• the connecting elements that hold the fine cable and the coarse cable together are flat steel pieces bent into a cylindrical shape.
• the coarse net further comprises connecting elements that connect the intersecting longitudinal coarse cables with the latitudinal coarse cables at the intersecting points.
• the connecting elements are flat steel pieces bent into a cylindrical shape.
• the fine net attachment points comprise connecting elements which are pressed cylindrical steel rings.
• the fine net attachment points comprise connecting elements which are flat steel pieces bent into a cylindrical shape.
• the fine net substantially quadrangular cells are square or rhombic cells.
• the distances between two adjacent attachment points of two adjacent non-edge fine cables are substantially the same;
• the combined net structure further comprises one or more edge cables attached to the perimeter of the coarse net.
• the diameter of the edge cables is between l5mm and 25mm.
• the diameter of the coarse cables is between 5mm and lOmm.
• the diameter of the fine cables is between 3mm and 6mm.
• the square or rhombic cell diagonals are between 20mm and 50mm.
• the longitudinal coarse cables and the latitudinal coarse cables have predetermined lengths and are attached to each other at pre-calculated locations marked along their lengths.
• the predetermined lengths are such that the coarse net formed comprises a 3- dimensional structure.
• an imaginary line connecting two adjacent attachment points of two adjacent non edge fine cables is parallel to the longitudinal coarse cables or to the latitudinal coarse cables.
• net is attached to said column and to said plurality of anchors.
• the combined net structure is quadrangular and one of its vertices is attached to the column, and wherein said system comprises three anchors and three vertices of said combined net structure are each attached to one of said anchors.
• the column is height adjustable.
• the anchors are concrete blocks.
• the system comprises one or more additional combined net structures as explained herein;
• the one or more additional combined net structures are quadrangular;
• one of the one or more additional combined net structure vertices is attached to the column and the other one or more additional combined net structure vertices are attached to the anchors.
• the system comprises two columns and two anchors;
• the combined net structure is quadrangular comprising a first vertex, a second vertex, a third vertex and a fourth vertex;
• the system further comprises one or more additional quadrangular combined net structures, two columns and two anchors;
• each of said one or more additional combined net structures is quadrangular and comprises a first vertex, a second vertex, a third vertex and a fourth vertex;
• the present invention relates to a system comprising:
• FIG. 1A illustrates an embodiment of the fine net of the present invention.
• FIG. 1B-1C illustrate an embodiment of the construction of the fine net of the present invention.
• FIG. 2A illustrates an embodiment of groups of cells of the coarse net of the present invention.
• FIG. 2B illustrates an embodiment of cutouts of the fine net of the present invention.
• FIG. 2C illustrates an embodiment of groups of cells of the combined net of the present invention.
• FIG. 3A-3B illustrate an embodiment of the one column system of the present invention.
• - Figs. 4A-4B illustrate an embodiment of the one column system of the present invention.
• - Figs. 5A-5B illustrate an embodiment of the two column system of the present invention.
• FIG. 6A-6B illustrate an embodiment of the intersecting arcs system of the present invention.
• FIG. 7A-7B illustrate examples of the flat steel pieces used according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• the present invention relates to a protective cable net system (PCNS) for preventing anti-tank missiles, rockets, bomblets, shells and other artillery or aerial ammunition and drones, with or without explosive, from causing fatalities and destruction at required areas.
• PCNS protective cable net system
• the strength calculation, geometrical prediction and patterning into shape of the protective cable net system comprised of both a coarse net structure and a fine net structure, is new and inventive and in view of solid geometrically nonlinear structural theory as depicted in the aforementioned book of Levy and Spillers, 2003.
• the present invention Protective Cable Nets System is a tensile structure which is light weight, erectable, ready to use, easy to repair, easy to transport, foldable and movable system that can protect required zones against direct hits of munitions such as missiles, rockets, shells, mortars, cluster bombs, anti-tank missiles, and other artillery or explosive objects.
• the PCNS can also protect required areas from small and mid-sized drones. Because of its lightweight and excessive strength the PCNS can cover large areas.
• the structure of the PCNS can initiate the munitions with frontal super quick (SQ) fuses or the first fuse of double sequential warheads (the second warhead may be initiated by an additional internal net) at a safe distance from vulnerable areas such as school yards, residential houses, critical infrastructures, hazardous materials, ammunition storage, military bases, radar and antennae facilities, open grounds for troop gathering, military vehicles and aircrafts.
• the munitions explosion is caused on impact with the PCNS.
• the PCNS can withstand multiple hits of munitions with super quick (SQ) fuses, bomblet hits (exploded or unexploded), and can stop small and mid-sized drones due to its configuration, structural strength and redundancy (as will be explained hereinbelow).
• the PCNS can be erected in populated areas, power and other facilities, or military zones. In populated areas or facilities where structures are in existence some of the PCNS supports may be the structural elements themselves such as reinforced concrete columns and plates. For example, when protecting military base yards, the existing buildings can act as anchors. Normally, one or two PCNS columns per module will be vertical on base plates, stabilized by oblique steel cables (preferably four per column for net redundancy) anchored to massive concrete units or fixed foundations. The net may be erected horizontally, vertically or slanted. When existing buildings provide four anchors, with one anchor being at a feasible different elevation than the other three, no additional columns will be necessary for that particular PCNS.
• PCNS supports may be anchored to the structural elements or the vehicles.
• the PCNS can therefore be used for:
• the present invention relates to a fine net comprising a plurality of fine cables (see Figs. 1A-1C).
• the fine net is constructed as follows. Each fine cable is attached to two adjacent fine cables on each of its sides (with exception to the fine cables at the net edges which are attached to only one fine cable).
• Each fine cable e.g. cable no. 1
• Each fine cable is attached to its adjacent fine cables, 2 and 3, at a plurality of locations along their lengths, wherein the distance of one attachment point to its adjacent other attachment point (on the same two cables) is substantially the same distance along the whole length of the fine cable (e.g. attachment points 4 and 5).
• Each fine cable 1 is attached to its first adjacent fine cable 2 at a plurality of locations along their lengths (points 5) and to its second adjacent fine cable 3 at a plurality of locations (points 4), substantially being equally in between the lengths between the attachment points (5), with the first fine cable.
• the net is then spread out (Fig. 1A and Fig. 1C) in a manner such that the fine cables form a series of square or rhombic cells.
• the attachment points (of the spread out fine net) are such that the square or rhombic cell diagonal is usually between 20mm and 50mm.
• Fig. 1A illustrates a portion of a fine net 10.
• the fine net 10 comprises a cable 1 connected to cable 2 (being on its left side) at a plurality of attachment locations 5.
• the distances between two adjacent attachment locations 5 of cables 1 and 2 are equal, i.e. the diagonal (of the quadrangle formed between the attachment locations 5) distances are equal and the sum of the two continuous sides of the quadrangle formed between the attachment locations 5 (from cable 1 and 2) are equal.
• Cable 1 is also connected to cable 3 (being on its right side) at a plurality of attachment locations 4.
• the distances between two adjacent attachment locations 4 of cables 1 and 3 are equal, i.e.
• the imaginary line connecting attachment locations 5 is parallel to the imaginary line connecting attachment locations 4.
• the imaginary line which bisects and is perpendicular to the section connecting two adjacent attachment locations 5 passes through one of attachment locations 4.
• the fine cables are preferably made of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, high strength steel, stainless steel, Fiber reinforced plastics, or Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP).
• the diameter of the fine cables is usually between 3mm and 6mm.
• the fine cables are attached at the aforementioned attachment points by pre-threading pairs of cables through cylindrical steel rings and pressing the rings.
• the rings usually have a thickness of between 0.8mm and 2mm.
• the width of each ring is usually between 5mm and l2mm.
• An alternate method for attaching the fine cables of the aforementioned attachment points is by pressing and bending a flat steel piece into a cylindrical shape that holds the two cables together.
• the flat steel pieces usually have a thickness of between 0.8mm and 2mm.
• the width of the flat steel pieces is usually between 5 mm and l2mm.
• the length of the flat steel pieces is usually between 18 mm and 36 mm.
• an example of the flat steel piece used in the present invention is as found in the catalog of Carl Stahl Gmbh of 2006 on page 139, e.g. the embodiments in photos“a” and“b” (shown in Figs. 7 A and 7B respectively). It should be noted that other attachment elements/ connecting elements may also be used.
• the fine net is constructed such that its total spread out net length is usually between lOm and 20m. Its total spread out net width is usually between l.5m and 3.0m.
• Figure 1B shows the construction of the fine net.
• pluralities of pairs of parallel individual cables e.g. of 50 meters
• One steel cylindrical ring of a first group of rings is threaded through each pair, bonding the pair cables together, each pair having a left cable and a right cable.
• the bonding rings (of the first group of rings) are positioned along a first imaginary line 100.
• the other cables are paired consecutively such that each right cable of the former pairs of cables is paired and bonded to the left cable of its former adjacent pair (from its right side).
• One steel cylindrical ring of a second group of rings is threaded through each new pair, bonding the new pair cables together, each new pair having a new left cable and a new right cable.
• the bonding rings (of the second group of rings) are positioned along a second imaginary line 200.
• the cables (including the net outmost cables) are paired according to the pairing in step 1.
• One steel cylindrical ring of a third group of rings is threaded through each pair, bonding the pair cables together, each pair having a left cable and a right cable.
• the bonding rings (of the third group of rings) are positioned along a third imaginary line 300.
• the cables (excluding the net outmost cables) are paired according to the pairing in step 2.
• One steel cylindrical ring of a fourth group of rings is threaded through each pair, bonding the pair cables together, each pair having a left cable and a right cable.
• the bonding rings (of the fourth group of rings) are positioned along a fourth imaginary line 400. This process is continued etc., Mutatis Mutandis, wherein if the step number is odd the cable pairs of that step are according to step 1, and if the step number is even the cable pairs of that step are according to step 2. The process continues until the net length is exhausted.
• the present invention further comprises a predesigned and pre-calculated 3 -dimensional coarse net comprising a plurality of coarse cables forming a coarse net structure.
• the coarse net is then connected to a fine net structure comprised of corresponding predesigned and pre calculated cutouts.
• coarse nets that may be used appear in Levy and Spillers, 2003 mentioned hereinabove. Both the coarse net structure and the fine net structure are independent in the structural sense and are safe and stable to carry loads.
• the coarse net structure comprises a plurality of coarse cables in the form of an array of (typically approximately straight on the longitudinal axis) longitudinal coarse cables intersecting with latitudinal coarse cables, such that the intersection of the longitudinal and latitudinal cables creates a series of quadrangular cells, wherein each cell is bounded by the intersecting coarse cables.
• the angles of the quadrangular cells may vary for different coarse nets.
• the longitudinal coarse cables and the latitudinal coarse cables have predetermined lengths and are attached to each other at pre-calculated locations marked along their lengths to result in a net of coarse cables forming a series of quadrilateral cells. It should be noted that the term "intersecting" is used herein as lying across, i.e. the longitudinal coarse cables lie across the latitudinal coarse cables (write above/beneath them and touching them) forming contacting points at the intersections.
• the coarse cables are connected to each other (after a pre-calculation) in a manner such that the quadrangular cells formed have a non-planar curved surface.
• the projection of the non-planar 3 -Dimensional cells is a quadrangle.
• the plurality of the non-planar 3-Dimensional cells together form a 3- dimensional coarse net. This is achieved by the predetermined lengths and pre-calculated locations of connection (i.e. attachment points) between the longitudinal and latitudinal coarse cables.
• the structure of this embodiment is such that a segment of a certain coarse cable between two attachment points is not coplanar with the attachment points forming an arc-like connection between the attachment points, and thus provides the 3-dimensional effect.
• a plurality of such segments between attachment points enable to form the desired 3- dimensional shape of the coarse net.
• the general directions of the intersecting coarse cables remain latitudinal and longitudinal, only with an arc-like non-planar curve between the connection points. Therefore the general cell shapes formed between the intersecting cables remain, but the segments connecting between the vertices of the cells are not coplanar with the vertices, forming an arc-like connection between the vertices. Therefore, it should be understood that the term "substantially quadrangular cells” may also mean cells with the segments connecting between the vertices of the cells, being not coplanar with the vertices forming an arc-like connection between the vertices.
• the segments of the coarse cells connecting between the vertices of the coarse cells are usually between 250 and 1000 mm.
• the coarse net preferably comprises steel edge cables (preferably of l5mm to 25mm in diameter) attached to the perimeter of the coarse net at predesigned edge locations obtaining a 3-dimensional coarse net structure.
• the cells at the periphery of the coarse net may not be quadrangular.
• the edge cables may be connected at the edge intersecting points or to an edge of a coarse cable.
• the spread out coarse net structure forms a 3 -dimensional structure with a net having longitudinal and latitudinal members that intersect forming the cells.
• the attachment points are such that the projection of the 3-dimensional coarse net structure may be a grid of quadrangular cells.
• the coarse net structure (e.g. predesigned pre-calculated contact locations between the longitudinal and latitudinal cables) may form a curved 3-D structure, as explained in Levy and Spillers, 2003.
• the coarse cables are preferably made of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, stainless steel, and high strength steel used for prestressing.
• the diameters of the coarse cables are usually between 5mm and lOmm.
• the coarse cables are attached at the aforementioned attachment points (intersecting points) pre-calculated in order to form the 3-D structure.
• the intersecting coarse cables are attached by means of attachment elements/ connecting elements.
• the attachment is carried out by pressing and bending a flat steel piece into a cylindrical shape that holds the two cables together.
• the flat steel pieces usually have a thickness of between l.Omm and 3.0mm.
• the width of the flat steel pieces is usually between 8 mm and 15mm.
• the length of the flat steel pieces is usually between 30 mm and 60 mm.
• the flat steel piece structure may be similar as the flat steel piece explained hereinabove with the proper size to fit the coarse cables.
• the coarse net is manufactured by marking the intersection points on the coarse cables according to a predesign and pre-calculations and pressing and bending flat steel pieces into cylindrical shapes that hold the cables together. Intersection points between edge cables and coarse cables are also marked and connections are similarly made.
• the fine net structure is then attached to the coarse structure forming a combined net structure.
• a portion of the course net is attached to a coextensive congruent cutout portion of the fine net.
• the fine net comprises a set of predesigned and pre-calculated cutouts substantially coextensive and congruent in shape with one or more cells of the coarse net.
• An example of fine net cutouts can be shown in Fig. 2B - the cutouts being portions Cl, C2, C3, C4 and C5. Incidentally, if the fine net cut outs would have been connected together they would form a 3-dimesional structure of exact geometry as the coarse net structure but will lack the benefits of redundancy, strength, resilience, ease of repair etc.
• Fig. 2A shows groups of cells Dl, D2, D3, D4 and D5 (apart from each other) of the coarse net corresponding to the fine net cutouts, wherein actually the coarse net is one connected structure (wherein the longitudinal cables shown adjacent to each other between each group of cells are actually the same cable, i.e. one vertical edge cable, serves two adjacent cutouts).
• the group of coarse cells shown form one quarter of a square coarse net structure when attached.
• the fine net cut outs are attached to the coarse net corresponding portions (the coarse net cutouts covered with tailored fine nets), as shown in Fig. 2C being combined portions El, E2, E3, E4 and E5.
• the combined net structure is constructed by attaching portions of the fine net cutouts to the coarse cables by means of connecting elements.
• the attachment is carried out by pressing and bending flat steel pieces into cylindrical shaped binding elements (connecting elements) that hold the cables together.
• the fine net cutouts are connected to the coarse cables at certain locations along the coarse cables wherein the fine net is connected at a portion of a fine cable of the fine net cutouts (or by connecting a connecting element of the fine net to the coarse cables).
• the fine net is arranged such that its quadrangular cells are square or rhombic cells, and an imaginary line connecting two adjacent attachment points of two adjacent non-edge fine cables is parallel to the coarse net longitudinal (or latitudinal) cables.
• the combined net structure in the structural engineering sense, is now comprised of two nets, the coarse net structure and the fine net structure. Both are stable and able to withstand loads independently. This implies that the fine net structure alone could act as a protective cable net system but will, of course, lack the benefits of redundancy, ease of repair etc.
• the present invention relates to a system comprising erectable columns.
• the columns are segmental and height adjustable.
• the columns preferably comprise lightweight steel or composite material and preferably have a circular cross section.
• the column is configured to be adjusted at different heights.
• the column segments are pre-connected at the site into one whole piece and lifted into position by an electric or mechanical winch.
• the column is a telescopic column.
• Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate a small model similar to the present invention system.
• the combined net structure 20 comprises a coarse net structure 20f to which is attached a fine net structure 20e, and is quadrangle and one of its vertices 20a is connected to the column 30.
• the other three vertices 20b, 20c and 20d are connected to anchors 35 (e.g. by means of cables).
• the anchors 35 can be attached to the ground or to heavy weight and stable objects such as tanks, buildings or heavy concrete blocks.
• the net is attached to anchors which are concrete blocks.
• Fig. 3B shows a top view of Fig. 3A.
• the system with the combined net structure with the supports e.g. anchors and column
• the PCNS Protective Cable Net Structure
• Fig. 4A illustrates a drawing of a similar PCNS system comprising a quadrangle combined net 20 structure and one of its vertices 20a is connected to the column 30.
• the other three vertices 20b, 20c and 20d are connected to anchors 35.
• the column 30 is supported by anchored steel cables 40 connected (e.g. tied) to the column 30, wherein the anchored steel cables 40 are tensioned during erection.
• a portion of the secure zone 50 securing from the flying explosive objects or drones is also indicated.
• Fig. 4B shows a top view of the PCNS drawing of fig. 4A, with an enlargement portion showing a cutout 21 of the combined net structure 20. This cutout 21 is shown in Fig. 2C and identified as E3.
• Fig. 5A shows a small model of a PCNS embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system comprises a quadrangle (preferably square) combined net structure 120 wherein one of its vertices 120a is connected to a first column l30a, and its opposite diagonal vertex 120b is connected to a second column 130b.
• the other vertices 120c and 120d (at the other two opposite diagonal vertices) are connected to anchors 135.
• the columns 130a and 130b are supported by anchored steel cables 140 connected (e.g. tied) to the columns 130a and 130b and connected to the ground, wherein the anchored steel cables 140 are tensioned during erection.
• the anchored steel cables 140 are connected to the top of the columns 130a and 130b.
• two sets of cables per column are specified.
• Fig. 5B shows a top view of Fig. 5A. The fine net, which is connected to the coarse net, is not shown in these figures.
• Figs. 6 A and 6B show a small model of an embodiment of the present invention with a combined net 220 spread over two rigid intersecting arcs 230 (in this sense the intersecting may also mean intersecting on the same plane). Both models (Figs. 5A, 5B and 6A, 6B) show coarse net structures only, wherein obviously, cutouts of fine net straps are tailored to the coarse nets forming the combined net structure.
• the system comprises a single or double layered structure.
• an additional combined net is placed under the first combined net.
• the system comprises an additional quadrangular combined net substantially identical to net 20.
• One vertex of the additional (second) combined net is connected to the column 30 at a location beneath (preferably 0.5m) where the first net is attached to the column 30 (this embodiment not shown).
• the other vertices not attached to the column 30 are attached to the anchors 35.
• the two combined nets are arranged such that they are substantially parallel to one another.
• the double layered structures are advantageous when double fuse munitions are used, or when there is a need to capture some of the munition or the drone fragments. If the fired double fuse munitions do not explode on impact with the first net, they can explode on impact with the second net.
• the second net is also advantageous with one fuse munitions or drones by that it captures large fragments and blocks them from entering the secure zone.
• the present embodiment comprises the structural features of this embodiment with the addition of the following feature.
• the system comprises an additional second quadrangle combined net beneath combined net 120. Two vertices of the lower net are attached to the columns 130a and 130b at locations beneath (preferably 0.5m) where the first net vertices are attached to columns 130a and 130b while the other two vertices of the second additional net are connected to the anchors 135.
• the system comprises three or more nets.
• the additional net(s) are added beneath the second net (explained hereinabove) in a manner similar to the addition of the second net in relation to the first net, mutatis mutandis.
• the PCNS system is erected as follows:
• the column segments are connected together forming a unified element.
• the PCNS is attached to the pre-constructed attachment locations (e.g. in the embodiment of Figs. 3A-3B, 4A-4B, the combined net vertex 20a is attached to the column 30 and the other vertices to anchors 35), obtaining an attached loose PCNS laying on the ground.
• Another advantage of the present invention is its redundancy, robustness and resilience. If the combined net absorbs a blast, the whole combined net system remains intact and the damaged portion is contained and amended.
• a piece of fine net is attached manually as a patch to the existing fine net structure to cover the hole created by the explosion (typically, a new fine net cutout the size and shape of the coarse net cell surrounding the damaged fine net portion replaces it).
• the patch is large enough to cover the hole and is attached to the quadrangle cell of coarse cables surrounding it.
• a plurality of locations on the fine cables of the fine net patch are attached to corresponding locations on the coarse cables (of the coarse net) surrounding the hole area of the fine net, by means of connecting elements (e.g.
• the column comprises an outer layer.
• the outer layer is larger but similar in shape to the inner main column portion, and there is space between said inner and outer portions. The outer layer portion absorbs the blast if hit, while the inner portion remains functioning erecting the PCNS.
• the columns of the PCNS may be supported by 2, 3, 4, or more tensioned anchored steel cables, thus if one of them is hit by a blast, the other/s remain functioning.
• the PCNS thus enables easy construction of a protection net and its fast assembly.

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• 2018
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