EP3759565A1 - Procédé pour l'optimisation des dépenses énergétiques et du confort d'un bâtiment - Google Patents
Procédé pour l'optimisation des dépenses énergétiques et du confort d'un bâtimentInfo
- Publication number
- EP3759565A1 EP3759565A1 EP19704856.4A EP19704856A EP3759565A1 EP 3759565 A1 EP3759565 A1 EP 3759565A1 EP 19704856 A EP19704856 A EP 19704856A EP 3759565 A1 EP3759565 A1 EP 3759565A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building
- comfort
- data
- model
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013468 resource allocation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/18—Network design, e.g. design based on topological or interconnect aspects of utility systems, piping, heating ventilation air conditioning [HVAC] or cabling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N20/00—Machine learning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2614—HVAC, heating, ventillation, climate control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/06—Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of optimization of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems in large buildings.
- the method used is based on simulations from a numerical model combined with advanced statistical learning tools and stochastic optimization.
- the goal is to reduce the overall energy expenditure by improving the comfort perceived by the users of a building, by building a numerical model making it possible to parameterize advanced controls of the instructions of the technical management systems, the operation of the equipment of air conditioning and more generally all equipment leading to energy expenditure on the one hand and contributing to the perceived comfort of users on the other.
- the US Energy Information Administration estimates that heating, cooling, lighting, refrigeration and water heating account for about 55% of energy consumption for a building in the sector. commercial.
- Energy consumption for lighting (about 10%) can be reduced without decreasing the perceived comfort of replacing traditional lighting sources with light-emitting diode (LED) type lighting instead of fluorescent lamps. It is therefore crucial to improve other energy uses to control the environmental impact of building management (by reducing greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide) and to increase financial efficiency (by reducing bill of energy with new contracts suitably sized).
- a specific problem related to the reduction of energy consumption of commercial or public buildings is to maintain and control thermal comfort within these buildings during occupation, taking into account building dynamics and weather changes. , reduce consumption during periods of vacancy and restart heating, ventilation and air conditioning after a period of idling.
- the first approach is based on physical simulators, based on a model of an entire building, taking into account building geometry, envelope, internal loads, air conditioning and ventilation systems, and meteorological data. This digital model is then used to simulate energy consumption and temperatures inside the building. Different algorithms can then be used to estimate the best management parameters (programming, temperature setpoints) in order to reduce consumption while ensuring optimal thermal comfort.
- This simulation-based approach can provide acceptable accuracy, but requires a lot of hard and difficult data effort, which is costly or even impossible to obtain (for example, true equipment settings, true heat loads from office equipment, and lighting, the real tightness of the building, the real characteristics of the HVAC equipment, etc.). It is then very expensive in engineering to be able to calibrate in a sufficiently precise manner all the parameters of the thermal simulation model associated with each building. It is also very dependent on the quality and relevance of the physical simulation model used.
- the second approach attempts to model the energy consumption of buildings from the analysis of its correlation with other variables such as indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, building occupancy. It uses a purely numerical and statistical approach taking into account certain functions and objective constraints to be minimized (state space models for example). It does not use a technical engineering model of building and energy equipment. This approach has a relatively low computing load, and is therefore able to respond quickly.
- a generic model can be applied to different buildings and statistical learning techniques can be used to choose the parameters of the defined models. But this "black box" approach, which relies on statistical comparisons, not taking sufficient account of the underlying physics associated with the energy behavior of buildings, is difficult to translate into practical and concrete actions (because the actions envisaged are limited, are not graduated, and their impacts can not be sufficiently quantified accurately). The confidence intervals are often higher than the estimated value of the impacts.
- a first computing device generates a set of thermal response coefficients for the building based on the energy characteristics of the building and meteorological data associated with the location of the building.
- the first device computer predicts a building energy response based on the set of thermal response coefficients and predicted weather conditions associated with the location of the building.
- the first computing device selects the minimum energy requirements of the building based on a cost of energy consumption associated with the building.
- the first computing device determines one or more temperature setpoints for the building based on the energy response and the minimum energy requirements.
- the first computing device transmits one or more temperature set points to a building thermostat.
- This article presents a systematic and automated method of calibrating a building energy model. Efficient parameter sampling can analyze more than two thousand model parameters and identify which ones are critical (most important) for model tuning. The parameters that most affect the end use of building energy are selected and automatically refined to calibrate the model by applying analytic optimization based on a meta-model.
- the modeling process, the calibration and verification results, as well as the implementation problems encountered throughout the model calibration process from the user's point of view are discussed.
- the forecasts of total electricity consumption of the installations and candles from the calibrated model correspond to actual monthly data measured at ⁇ 5%.
- a first disadvantage of the solutions of the prior art is the use of genetic algorithms to solve multi-objective optimization problems requiring a large number of simulations to calculate a Pareto optimum and determine the optimal allocation of comfort resources. This results in prohibitive computational costs when these processes are combined with simulation programs such as thermal simulation software for buildings and TRNSYS (trade name) systems.
- the solutions of the prior art generally require the construction of complex and imperfect theoretical models of the superstructures, the thermal flows and the energy and thermal behaviors of each of the elements present in the building.
- These elements are fixed a priori by experts, in order to model the building realistically, but do not take into account real observations obtained in the building in order to calibrate the theoretical model so that it best describes the real behavior of the building. studied building.
- One of the objectives of the invention is to minimize the total energy consumption over a year and optimize thermal comfort (defined as the fraction of the number of hours of the year during which the temperature is between 18 and 26 degrees) and to measure the difference at a given comfort temperature (19 ° and 22 ° are not considered comfortable in the same way, contrary to what is proposed in Yu et al., and only during occupancy.
- thermal comfort defined as the fraction of the number of hours of the year during which the temperature is between 18 and 26 degrees
- the present invention relates, in its most general sense, to a method for optimizing the energy expenditure and comfort of a building comprising:
- a plurality of comfort equipment provided with a connected consumption sensor, able to periodically upload consumption data, associated with an identifier of the comfort equipment, a plurality of local environment data sensors [temperature, brightness, C0 2 , ...] associated with an identifier of an area of said building,
- At least one server for collecting and storing said time stamped data transmitted by said consumption sensors and for collecting data external to the building as well as internal data. Characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the Pareto criterion is determined by the historical target temperatures.
- the Pareto criterion is determined by a set of new target temperature values.
- said Pareto optimum calculation is implemented by the implementation of an NSGA-II genetic algorithm.
- the following description presents an example of a multi-objective methodology that is effective in improving energy efficiency and maintaining thermal comfort without any renovation or modification of the building envelope.
- the building has a plurality of comfort facilities:
- sensors 10 communicating with a server (30) via the wired network or a radio frequency network to communicate information on the state of the associated equipment and on the main consumer stations.
- the building also includes local sensors (20) transmitting to the server (30) information on a comfort parameter of the local area where the sensor is installed.
- the sensors (10, 20) provide information in the form of digital sequences including an identifier of the sensor and at least one digital value of the measured parameter.
- the server (30) controls the timestamp of the received data and the recording in a permanent memory.
- the server (30) also receives and records time-stamped external environmental data, in particular weather data from data sources.
- the data recorded by the server (30) are subject to a treatment according to the method of the invention, associating a building energy program to an optimization process.
- the energy program can be a tool such as the software Energy Plus (commercial name) developed on the basis of tools BLAST (trade name) and DOE-2 (commercial name) and integrating specific modules to 1 ' introducing the equipment into the energy balance of the thermal zone and the input and output data structures defined from the digital data recorded by the server (30).
- BLAST trade name
- DOE-2 commercial name
- the energy program may consist of the software TRNSYS (trade name) specialized in dynamic thermal simulation applied to the building.
- TRNSYS trade name
- This software makes it possible to integrate all the characteristics of a building and its equipment (heating systems, air conditioning) to conduct a detailed single or multizone study of its thermal behavior. It integrates the variables of location, building materials, global architecture, selected energy concept, including the most complex such as innovative solar systems.
- Optimization processing has the function of analyzing envelopes, orientations, shading or material characteristics and makes it possible to make a diagnosis.
- the simplified model is obtained either on the basis of a schematic view of the building, or after a complex campaign of time and resource measurements where trained professionals define the parameters characterizing the physical properties of the building.
- the parameters of the simplified model are then calibrated using measurements (temperatures, consumptions, programming, etc.) obtained from thousands of communicating sensors placed in a real building to store a very large number of data in real time.
- the physical parameters of the simplified model are estimated using the PyGMO software bricks with the CMA-ES measurements and algorithm.
- the estimated model is validated using the TRNSYS program to ensure that the resulting base model mimics the thermal behavior of the actual building.
- a multi-objective methodology to improve energy efficiency and maintain thermal comfort is then implemented by acting solely on the building management system without changing the physical parameters.
- the NSGA-II approach is used to obtain the optimal parameters of Pareto.
- the performances of this methodology are evaluated from data collected in a building located in the Paris region.
- the first step of the method which is the subject of the invention consists in designing a simplified model of the building whose parameters are estimated by means of measurements obtained from communicating sensors.
- the basic model has been implemented using the TRNSYS software solution (component "Type 56") and taking into account several types of parameters. Building managers are typically knowledgeable about some of these parameters while others are unknown or poorly understood.
- the single zone basic model is defined by the following components.
- each of these walls is specified by the following parameters: area, proportion of windows relative to the wall, orientation, thickness and constituent layers such as concrete, insulation, etc.
- a schedule consists of a start time, a time to a stop, a comfort temperature in occupancy, and a reduced vacancy temperature.
- time programs For each week we consider three (or four) time programs: (i) Monday, (ii) Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, (iii) Friday (and (iiii) weekend, if different from Friday).
- the furniture which constitutes a significant reservoir of calories / frigories is summarized by a single parameter, called capacitance and expressed in kJ / ° C / m3, and dimensioned as a proportion of the total volume.
- the calibration procedure must estimate the parameters related to the building envelope. Some of these parameters are known and do not need to be calibrated, such as exterior wall structures, low roofs and floors or types of windows.
- the other building envelope parameters needed to define the TRNSYS model and the parameters related to the building control strategy are summarized in the table presented in Figure 2.
- Q these parameters are designated by Q.
- the initial value of Q is chosen according to the data determined by the date of construction or rehabilitation of the building.
- the estimation procedure uses the data recorded by the server (30) for a period of one month, based on hourly readings.
- the data recorded each hour include the outdoor temperature T e obs , the average indoor temperature T obs measured in the building, the energy consumption for heating Q h obs and for cooling Q c obs .
- the other data are recorded in a table of variables of the type presented in Figure 2.
- CMA-ES covariance matrix
- PyGMO trade name
- the best parameters (m, l) derived from the current estimate of the parameters are combined to form the population of the next iteration and the other candidates are discarded.
- the TRNSYS model is run with the stored meteorological conditions to produce hourly energy consumptions and associated indoor temperatures.
- the objective function minimized by the CMA-ES takes into account the difference between these time simulations and the actual observations measured in the building:
- TRNSYS model denotes the internal temperatures and the total energy consumptions (heating, cooling and other expenses) formed by the series generated by the TRNSYS model with a given parameter Q and for any time series s, such as:
- n is the number of samples.
- the TRNSYS model is driven using the observations to ensure calibration with respect to the actual building.
- model predictions are compared to observations recorded during the week following the calibration period and for another subsequent period.
- All the parameters related to the building envelope estimated during the calibration procedure are kept fixed and considered as the building's signature. Then, the parameters related to the construction control strategy are set to the actual construction parameters for each validation period. The calibrated model is run using these settings and the stored weather conditions and compared to the observations.
- Step 4 Pareto optimization
- the model being calibrated and validated, Pareto optimization is carried out so that the energy performance of the building can be analyzed by optimizing consumption. energy while maintaining a thermal comfort chosen by the model.
- the parameters used to improve energy efficiency are designated h. All other parameters are defined by the calibrated parameters in Q.
- the TRNSYS model For each h parameter, the TRNSYS model is run with the stored weather conditions to produce associated hourly energy consumption and indoor temperatures for the following week.
- the objective function minimized by the NSGA-II algorithm is to find a compromise between minimizing total energy consumption and providing user-specified thermal comfort.
- T ⁇ * designates the sequence of internal temperatures desired by the energy managers.
- optimization configurations can be envisaged.
- the sequence T ⁇ * determined to allow adjustment to the temperatures observed in the building during the optimization period.
- the optimization aims to find parameters to reduce energy consumption without modifying the thermal comfort.
- the thermal comfort recorded with the sensors is supposed to be too conservative and the optimization procedure makes it possible to modify the temperature set points to improve the efficiency with a new reference of thermal comfort.
- the data used were collected in an office building of 14000 m2 of useful surface located in Paris region with 7 stages for a total volume of 51800 m3.
- 2/3 of the total area is occupied by persons, giving a total occupation area of 9240m2.
- the calibration results are given in the Parameter Table of Figure 3.
- the parameters are initialized randomly in the interval given in Table 1 and the estimation procedure is repeated 50 times and stopped after 800 generations when the algorithm reaches the convergence.
- the estimated average value and the standard deviation over the 50 independent tests are given for each parameter of the table in Figure 2.
- Figure 3 represents the evolution curve (5) of the outside temperature (top) and the curve ( 6) corresponding to the estimation of the internal temperatures as well as the curve (7) corresponding to the estimate of the energy consumption.
- the estimated model is used to predict weekly temperatures and consumption after the calibration period ( Figure 3) and for a period N ( Figure 4).
- Figure 4 shows the result of optimization with historical target temperatures.
- the average temperature in the building during the occupancy time was 23.4 degrees with a standard deviation of 0.67.
- the total energy consumption was 342.6 kWh.
- the results of the NSGA-II algorithm show that for a similar temperature volatility around 23.4 degrees, other construction parameters can lead to a total energy consumption of 300 kWh.
- the associated parameters are given in the Parameter Table and the time series are shown in Figure 3.
- Figure 4 shows the optimization with new target temperatures. It shows that significant gains can be achieved by reducing target temperatures if energy managers accept such a moderation of the target temperature.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to compensate in a cost-effective and generalizable manner the lack of information and the inaccuracy of the data inherent to any building in real use situation, to obtain a dynamic thermal physical model very close to the actual operation of the building (a few percent closer to reality generally) and to obtain explicit results on the improvement actions to be undertaken (equipment adjustment, programming, works, optimization of energy supply contracts) and their quantified impacts in terms of improving comfort and energy efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1851762A FR3078414B1 (fr) | 2018-02-28 | 2018-02-28 | Procede pour l'optimisation des depenses energetiques et du confort d'un batiment |
PCT/FR2019/050123 WO2019166710A1 (fr) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-01-21 | Procédé pour l'optimisation des dépenses énergétiques et du confort d'un bâtiment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3759565A1 true EP3759565A1 (fr) | 2021-01-06 |
Family
ID=62816673
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19704856.4A Pending EP3759565A1 (fr) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-01-21 | Procédé pour l'optimisation des dépenses énergétiques et du confort d'un bâtiment |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11994883B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3759565A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3078414B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019166710A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11210750B2 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-12-28 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method and system for energy improvement verification of buildings |
CN111475886B (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-06-09 | 北京石油化工学院 | 一种基于火用经济和火用环境的建筑物墙体保温厚度的优化方法 |
US12020166B2 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2024-06-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Meta-learned, evolution strategy black box optimization classifiers |
US20220171906A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-02 | Kyndryl, Inc. | Generating digital building representations and mapping to different environments |
CN113536660B (zh) * | 2021-06-12 | 2023-05-23 | 武汉所为科技有限公司 | 用于暖通云边协同的智能系统训练方法、模型及存储介质 |
CN114399191B (zh) * | 2022-01-11 | 2024-05-07 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种基于建筑节能的高校排课系统及方法 |
CN114896664B (zh) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-07-11 | 浙江大学 | 园区建筑光伏一体化围护结构优化方法及系统 |
CN115187133B (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2023-11-14 | 东南大学 | 一种基于动态监测的传统民居运行阶段碳排量核算方法 |
CN116974241B (zh) * | 2023-07-10 | 2024-02-06 | 清华大学 | 面向绿色低碳制造的数控机床几何优化方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9612591B2 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2017-04-04 | Earth Networks, Inc. | Optimizing and controlling the energy consumption of a building |
-
2018
- 2018-02-28 FR FR1851762A patent/FR3078414B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-21 WO PCT/FR2019/050123 patent/WO2019166710A1/fr unknown
- 2019-01-21 EP EP19704856.4A patent/EP3759565A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-01-21 US US16/976,394 patent/US11994883B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019166710A1 (fr) | 2019-09-06 |
US20210055750A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
US11994883B2 (en) | 2024-05-28 |
FR3078414A1 (fr) | 2019-08-30 |
FR3078414B1 (fr) | 2021-11-12 |
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