EP3757495A1 - Modular chamber drying system - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to FIG. 1, comprising- chamber dryer (1.1) for drying and / or curing the coatings, paintwork and / or adhesive layers on and / or in workpieces (2A) with thermal energy or additionally with actinic radiation and- cooling chambers ( 1.2), which are connected to the chamber dryer (1.1) and serve to cool the coated, lacquered and / or glued workpieces (2B), - transport systems (4) for the removal of the workpieces (2B) from the cooling chambers (1.2), - Transport systems (3) for the transport of the workpieces (2A) into the chamber dryer (1.1), - functional intermediate spaces (5) between the outer walls (1.1.3; 1.2.3) of the chamber dryer (1.1) and the cooling chambers (1.2) and / or functional structures (13) on the outer roofs (1.1.9; 1.2.9) of the chamber dryer (1.1) and the cooling chambers (1.2) with (i) devices (5.1; 5.2) for the supply (5.1.1) and discharge (5.2.1) of thermal energy to the chamber dryers (1.1) or z additionally with (ii) devices (5.3) for the energy supply (5.3.1) to the sources (5.3.2) actinic radiation in the chamber dryers (1.1), (iii) devices (5.4; 5.5) for the supply (5.4.1) of cooling gases (5.4.3) to the interior (1.2.4) of the cooling chambers (1.2) and for the removal (5.5.1) of thermal energy from the cooling chambers (1.2) and Control units (6) for the thermodynamic regulation of the devices (5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5) for the chamber dryer (1.1) and for the cooling chambers (1.2).

Description

Field of invention

The present invention relates to a modular chamber dryer system for drying and / or curing the coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers on and / or in workpieces and for cooling the coated, lacquered and / or bonded workpieces.

The present invention also relates to a method for drying and / or hardening the coatings, lacquers and / or adhesive layers on and / or in workpieces and for cooling the coated, lacquered and / or glued workpieces.

State of the art

From the international patent application WO 2005/047794 and the European patent EP 1676082B1 a system for drying objects is known which has a dryer cabin in which the objects are exposed to hot gases. The process exhaust air from a high-temperature fuel cell, which is fed directly into the dryer cabin, is used as hot gases. The high-temperature fuel cell is operated according to the need for thermal energy for the drying process. The system and the corresponding method for drying objects should manage with little expenditure on equipment and have a very high energy efficiency.

High-temperature fuel cells that are operated at 650 to 1000 ° C, however, have very high technical requirements. The sealing technology between the gas spaces is very complex (high temperature seal). Conventional flat seals simply fail. Cohesive connections can short-circuit the electrodes. Therefore, special sealing materials such as glass solders are currently used for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) applications. Mechanical stresses during operation are mainly due to temperature differences in the cell and different thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) of the materials. In addition, there is an increased tendency to creep or oxidation processes or high-temperature corrosion. In addition, there is no indication of how to effectively and efficiently cool the hot dried items so that they can be handled again.

For these reasons, this technology appears to be unsuitable for industrial use in the automotive industry.

From the German patent DE 10 2010 012 534 B4 a system for coating objects and curing the coating with electromagnetic radiation is known. The system includes an application cabin and a dryer cabin that is filled with inert gas. The application cabin is arranged above or below the dryer cabin. After the coating, the coated object is rotated into the dryer booth, in which the coating is cured with electromagnetic radiation.

A comparable device is from the European patent EP 2550497 B1 known. As a conveyor system, this has a lifting / lowering device by means of which the object is conveyed with a vertical movement component from the application booth into the drying room.

From the German patent DE 10 2004 025 526 B4 a device for drying objects, in particular painted vehicle bodies, is known which has a drying chamber, the interior of which is filled with an inert gas atmosphere. The drying chamber furthermore comprises an inlet lock chamber which communicates at least temporarily with the normal atmosphere present outside the device and at least temporarily with the inert gas atmosphere present in the drying chamber. In addition, the device comprises a conveyor system with which the objects can be moved through the inlet lock chamber into the drying chamber and out of it again.

However, these systems can only be used for curing coatings with electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the necessary use of inert gas makes additional measures necessary to prevent contamination with ambient air.

From the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 44 36 018 A1 a cabin-like dryer for a painting system with an interior space for receiving painted objects to be dried and at least one heating element arranged in the dryer for heating them is known. In the dryer, at least one heating element is arranged, which in turn, using at least one clean gas pipeline, one thermal cleaning subjected and thereby heated exhaust air from the paint shop can be heated. The dryer can form a module, so that the dryer device of a paint shop is made up of several similar modules of this type arranged one behind the other, with the clean gas pipeline extending through the entire dryer device. It is not specified how the hot, dried objects should be cooled effectively and efficiently, so that they can be handled again.

Object of the present invention

The present invention was based on the object of providing a chamber dryer which is characterized by a compact design and can be heated with fuels such as natural gas, hot water, thermal oil or electricity. It is intended to enable component-dependent heating and cooling through variable control of the temperature, variable control of the amount of energy via the volume flow and variable control of the cycle time, so that different objects or components can be individually thermally treated in a series process and then effectively and efficiently cooled again so that they can be handled again without any problems. This should enable energy to be saved by adapting the amounts of energy to the respective components and objects, but in particular to the motor vehicle bodies. Above all, however, the chamber dryer should make it possible to provide an expandable and variably configurable drying / cooling system.

The solution according to the invention

Accordingly, the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention according to claim 1 has been found. Advantageous embodiments of the modular chamber drying system emerge from the dependent patent claims.

In addition, the method according to the invention according to claim 18 for drying and / or hardening workpieces with undried and / or unhardened coatings, lacquers and adhesive layers has been found, which is carried out with the aid of the modular chamber drying system.

The advantages of the solution according to the invention

With the aid of the modular chamber drying system according to the invention, workpiece-dependent process specifications can be easily implemented. Individual adjustment of the process air to the areas of the workpieces to be heated, in particular the motor vehicle bodies, is possible. An individual drying time can also be set. The process air supply through the window openings 360 ° around the body is easy to implement, so that optimal heating takes place from the inside. The bodies of special models as well as heavy and armored bodies can be dried without any problems. In the modular chamber drying systems according to the invention, the chamber dryers can be combined and expanded as required and they can be set up in parallel or in a line. When changing the model, only minor modifications and changes to the process parameters are necessary, if at all. The air supply can be designed particularly flexibly through intelligent control of the flaps. If the number of units is reduced, individual chamber dryers can be switched off. The process flow is very flexible due to the batch-wise loading. A reduced exhaust air volume flow is achieved, which can be up to 25% of the minimum exhaust air flow after the main evaporation time has elapsed. The modular chamber dryer systems can also be arranged one above the other, so that the existing floor space can be used optimally.

Further advantages emerge from the description below.

Detailed description of the solution according to the invention

The modular chamber dryer system according to the invention comprises at least two, preferably at least three, particularly preferably at least four and in particular at least five separate, structurally identical, thermally insulated, lockable chamber dryer with parallel longitudinal axes or at least one common longitudinal axis for drying and / or curing the coatings, paintwork and / or Adhesive layers on and / or in at least one workpiece each with thermal energy or thermal energy and actinic radiation.

In addition, the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention comprises at least two, preferably at least three, particularly preferably at least four and especially at least five separate, structurally identical, thermally insulated, closable cooling chambers with parallel longitudinal axes or at least one common longitudinal axis. Each of the cooling chambers closes with theirs when viewed in the direction of transport of the workpieces The inlet gate is spatially and functionally directly adjacent to the outlet gate of each chamber dryer and is used for the controlled cooling of the at least one now coated, lacquered and / or glued workpiece.

In addition, the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention comprises at least one transport system which serves to transport away the cooled, coated, lacquered and / or glued workpieces discharged from the outlet gates of the cooling chambers.

Furthermore, the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention comprises at least one transport system that is used to transport the workpieces with the non-dried and / or uncured coatings, paintwork and / or adhesive layers through the inlet gates into the chamber dryer.

The workpieces in the transport system are preferably protected from dust, aerosols and other floating bodies. For this purpose, the transport system preferably comprises a dust protection tunnel through which the workpieces are transported.

A functional intermediate space is located between the mutually associated parallel outer walls of the at least two chamber dryers and the at least two cooling chambers.

This functional intermediate space has devices for the thermodynamically regulated supply and removal of thermal energy to the at least two chamber dryers or additional devices for the regulated energy supply to the sources of actinic radiation in the at least two chamber dryers. This is of particular advantage when the coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers can be cured both thermally and with actinic radiation, which is also referred to as dual-cure.

Furthermore, the functional intermediate space has devices for the separately controllable supply of cooling gases to the interior of the at least two cooling chambers and for the removal of thermal energy from the at least two cooling chambers.

Instead of the functional intermediate space, a common functional structure on the outer roof of each of the at least two chamber dryers and the External roof of each of the at least two cooling chambers and / or a separate functional structure on the external roof of each of the at least two chamber dryers and a separate functional structure on the external roof of each of the at least two cooling chambers contain the aforementioned devices and functions.

• der Vorrichtungen für die thermodynamisch geregelte Zuführung von thermischer Energie zu den Kammertrocknern,
• der Vorrichtungen für die thermodynamisch geregelte Abführung von thermische Energie aus den Kammertrocknern,
• der Vorrichtungen für die geregelte Energiezuführung zu den Quellen aktinischer Strahlung,
• der Vorrichtungen für die separat regelbare Zuführung von Kühlgasen zu den Abkühlkammern und
• der Vorrichtungen für die Abführung von thermischer Energie aus den Abkühlkammern.

Last but not least, the modular chamber dryer system has at least one, preferably electronic, control unit for the thermodynamic regulation

• the devices for the thermodynamically controlled supply of thermal energy to the chamber dryers,
• the devices for the thermodynamically regulated removal of thermal energy from the chamber dryers,
• the devices for the regulated supply of energy to the sources of actinic radiation,
• the devices for the separately controllable supply of cooling gases to the cooling chambers and
• the devices for the removal of thermal energy from the cooling chambers.

As input, the at least one electronic control unit receives measured values of the temperatures in the chamber dryers, the cooling chambers, the clean gases from the kiln, the kiln and the exhaust gases from the chamber dryer, the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the Amounts of circulating air, the proportions of fresh air and the fan power, which are processed by customary and known algorithms and fed as output for regulating the relevant devices.

The regulations of the standard DIN EN 1539 "Dryers and ovens in which flammable substances are released" are observed.

The modular chamber dryer system according to the invention is particularly suitable for workpieces that are bodies of means of transport. Preferably the Means of transport selected from the group consisting of minibuses, pick-ups, vans, station wagons, small cars, electric vehicles, convertibles, sports cars, luxury limousines, security limousines, cash vans, off-road vehicles and SUVs.

In addition, floating bodies and parts thereof, such as motor boats, lifeboats, life rafts, masts, chimneys, stairs, railings or buoys, or missiles and parts thereof, such as small aircraft, aircraft fuselages, wings, propellers, turbines, elevators or rudders in the modular according to the invention Chamber dryer system are treated.

Furthermore, the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention is suitable for the curing and / or drying of non-dried and non-cured coatings, varnishes and adhesive layers of household appliances such as white goods.

In each chamber dryer there are devices for the thermodynamically controlled supply of thermal energy, preferably thermal energy in the form of hot gases, in particular hot air, in the lower areas, in the upper areas and in each of the two side areas. In particular, these are nozzles that are regulated separately. In addition, there are devices in each chamber dryer for the dissipation of thermal energy, preferably in the form of suction of the exhaust gases containing volatile organic compounds (VOC).

According to the invention, it is advantageous if the nozzles in the upper and lower areas of the chamber dryer are directed into the openings of the workpieces, in particular the bodies of means of transport. As a result, particularly effective and efficient curing and / or drying is achieved, which does not impair the quality of the coatings, varnishes and adhesive layers on the outer surfaces of the workpieces

In addition, each chamber dryer can additionally contain sources of actinic radiation. Actinic radiation is to be understood as meaning corpuscular radiation such as electron radiation and electromagnetic radiation such as infrared radiation, near infrared (NIR), visible light, UV radiation and X-rays. In particular, infrared radiation is used. The usual and known infrared radiators are used as light sources.

In each of the at least two cooling chambers there are devices for the controllable supply of cooling gases to the interior of the at least two cooling chambers and for the removal of thermal energy from the cooling chambers. The devices for supplying cooling gases are in particular separately controllable nozzles which preferably have condensate rings. The heated exhaust gases are discharged through at least one suction device, which is preferably driven by fans. The interior of the cooling chambers has a sloping roof to prevent the formation of condensate droplets.

The extractors in the chamber dryers and the cooling chambers are preferably arranged in the lower and upper areas.

The inlet gates and the outlet gates of the chamber driers and the cooling chambers are preferably selected from the group consisting of sectional gates, high-speed gates, swing gates, sliding gates, hinged gates, accordion gates and folding gates.

The arrangement of the nozzles in the side areas of the chamber dryer and / or the nozzles in the side areas of the cooling chambers are preferably adapted to the contours of the workpieces. Alternatively, the nozzles in the side areas of the chamber dryer and / or the nozzles in the side areas of the cooling chambers are arranged in the form of a uniform grid and are to be closed and opened in such a way that the opened nozzles are adapted to the contours of the workpieces.

The thermal energy for the chamber dryer is preferably supplied by at least one kiln. This is preferably controlled electronically by the control unit. Gasoline, diesel, petroleum, natural gas, methane, propane, butane and / or mixtures of at least two of these fuels can be used as fuels. In addition, the kiln also serves to post-burn the exhaust gases from the chamber driers and, if necessary, from the cooling chambers.

In the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention, thermally stable, corrosion-resistant, chemically resistant and mechanically stable materials such as anodized aluminum, V2A steel, V4A steel, copper, high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, non-flammable high-temperature-resistant sealing materials and plastics that are up to 450 ° C are used in the hot zones resistant and, if necessary, made flame-proof.

1. (i) Innenabmessungen:
   • Länge = 5000 mm bis 10.000 mm, inklusive Länge jeweils vor und hinter dem Werkstück 2A = 100 mm bis 1000 mm;
   • Höhe = 1500 mm bis 5000 mm;
   • Breite = 2000 mm bis 7000 mm;
   • Trockneroberfläche inklusive Einlauftor (1.1.1) und Auslauftor (1.1.2): 80 m² bis 250 m²;
2. (ii) Umluftmenge je Meter:
   • Halten: 1000 m³/h bis 5000 m³/h;
   • Aufheizen: 2000 m³/h bis 10.000 m³/h;
   • Frischluftanteil: 500 m³/h bis 3000 m³/h;
3. (iii) Taktzeiten: ein Werkstück 2A/h oder zwei Werkstücke 2A/h;
4. (iv) Temperatur:
   1. 1. Aufheizen/Halten: 80 °C bis 130 °C;
   2. 2. Aufheizen/Halten: 140 °C bis 180 °C.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, each of the at least two chamber dryers has the following characteristics:

1. (i) Inside dimensions:
   • Length = 5000 mm to 10,000 mm, including length in front of and behind the workpiece 2A = 100 mm to 1000 mm;
   • Height = 1500 mm to 5000 mm;
   • Width = 2000 mm to 7000 mm;
   • Dryer surface including inlet gate (1.1.1) and outlet gate (1.1.2): 80 m ² to 250 m ² ;
2. (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter:
   • Hold: 1000 m ³ / h to 5000 m ³ / h;
   • Heating: 2000 m ³ / h to 10,000 m ³ / h;
   • Fresh air content: 500 m ³ / h to 3000 m ³ / h;
3. (iii) Cycle times: one workpiece 2A / h or two workpieces 2A / h;
4. (iv) temperature:
   1. 1. Heating / holding: 80 ° C to 130 ° C;
   2. 2. Heating / holding: 140 ° C to 180 ° C.

1. (i) Innenabmessungen:
   • Länge = 5000 mm bis 10.000 mm, inklusive Länge jeweils vor und hinter dem Werkstück 2A = 100 mm bis 1000 mm;
   • Höhe = 1500 mm bis 5000 mm;
   • Breite = 2000 mm bis 7000 mm;
   • Abkühlkammeroberfläche inklusive Einlauftor (1.2.1) und Auslauftor (1.2.2): 80 m² bis 250 m²;
2. (ii) Umluftmenge je Meter: 2000 m³/h bis 8000 m³/h
3. (iii) Frischluftanteil: 1000 m³/h bis 4000 m³/h;
4. (iv) Taktzeiten: ein Werkstück 2B/h oder zwei Werkstücke 2B/h;
5. (v) Temperatur:
   1. 1. Kühlen: 8 °C bis 90 °C;
   2. 2. Kühlen: 20 °C bis 40 °C;
6. (vi) Absaugung (5.5.2):
   Ventilatorleistung: 10.000 m³/h bis 40.000 m³/h pro Ventilator.

Each of the at least two cooling chambers has the following characteristics:

1. (i) Inside dimensions:
   • Length = 5000 mm to 10,000 mm, including length in front of and behind the workpiece 2A = 100 mm to 1000 mm;
   • Height = 1500 mm to 5000 mm;
   • Width = 2000 mm to 7000 mm;
   • Cooling chamber surface including inlet gate (1.2.1) and outlet gate (1.2.2): 80 m ² to 250 m ² ;
2. (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter: 2000 m ³ / h to 8000 m ³ / h
3. (iii) Fresh air content: 1000 m ³ / h to 4000 m ³ / h;
4. (iv) cycle times: one workpiece 2B / h or two workpieces 2B / h;
5. (v) temperature:
   1. 1. Cooling: 8 ° C to 90 ° C;
   2. 2. Cooling: 20 ° C to 40 ° C;
6. (vi) Suction (5.5.2):
   Fan output: 10,000 m ³ / h to 40,000 m ³ / h per fan.

In the modular chamber dryer system according to the invention, at least two of its sub-units (= drying chamber + cooling chamber) can be present in different arrangements.

The sub-units can be arranged next to one another so that their longitudinal axes are parallel to one another.

However, they can also be arranged in a straight line one behind the other so that they have a common longitudinal axis and there is sufficient distance between the outlet gates of the cooling chambers of the at least one first subunit and the inlet gates of the chamber driers of the at least one second subunit to allow workpieces with dried and / or hardened ones To divert coatings, lacquers and adhesive layers from the outlet gates of the cooling chambers of the at least one first subunit and to introduce workpieces with undried and / or uncured coatings, lacquers and adhesive layers into the inlet gates of the chamber dryer of the at least one second subunit.

However, at least two, in particular two, sub-units can be arranged one above the other, so that their longitudinal axes are parallel to each other and the at least one first upper sub-unit by means of a retractable lifting device for lifting the workpieces with non-dried and / or non-hardened coatings, varnishes and adhesive layers of of the standing area can be reached on the level of the inlet gates of the upper chamber dryer. The workpieces with dried and / or hardened coatings, varnishes and adhesive layers are then unloaded from the level of the exit gates of the upper cooling chambers to the level of the standing surface by means of a retractable lifting device.

The modular chamber dryers according to the invention are particularly suitable for the method of drying and / or curing the undried and / or uncured coatings, lacquers and / or adhesive layers on and / or in workpieces of the type described above and cooling the coated, varnished and / or bonded workpieces of the type described above using at least one of the modular chamber dryer systems described above.

1. (A) Transport eines ersten Werkstücks mit nicht gehärteten und/oder nicht getrockneten Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und/oder Klebschichten mithilfe eines Transportsystems durch das Einlauftor in den Innenraum eines Kammertrockners bei geschlossenem Auslauftor und Schließen des Einlauftors;
2. (B) Trocknen und/oder Härten der Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und/oder Klebschichten des ersten Werkstücks, sodass das beschichtete, lackierte und/oder geklebte, heiße erste Werkstück resultiert;
3. (C) Ausschleusen des heißen ersten Werkstücks aus dem Auslauftor des Kammertrockners durch das Einlauftor eine Abkühlkammer in den Innenraum der Abkühlkammer und Schließen des Auslauftors des Kammertrockners und des Einlauftors der Abkühlkammer bei geschlossenem Auslauftor der Abkühlkammer;
4. (D) Abkühlen des beschichteten, lackierten und/oder geklebten, heißen ersten Werkstücks auf 20 °C bis 40 °C und Ausschleusen dieses ersten abgekühlten Werkstücks mithilfe eines Transportsystems durch das Auslauftor aus der Abkühlkammer bei geschlossenem Einlauftor der Abkühlkammer,
5. (E) Einschleusen eines zweiten Werkstücks mit nicht gehärteten und/oder nicht getrockneten Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und/oder Klebschichten durch das Einlauftor in den leeren Innenraum des Kammertrockners unmittelbar nach dem Ausschleusen des ersten heißen Werkstücks aus dem Kammertrockner mithilfe des Transportsystems bei geschlossenem Auslauftor und Schließen des Einlauftors des Kammertrockners;
6. (F) Ausschleusen des zweiten heißen Werkstücks aus dem Kammertrockner und Einschleusen in die leere Abkühlkammer unmittelbar nach dem Ausschleusen des ersten abgekühlten Werkstücks;
7. (G) Einschleusen eines dritten Werkstücks in den leeren Kammertrockner unmittelbar nach dem Ausschleusen des zweiten heißen Werkstücks aus dem Kammertrockner und
8. (H) N-fache Wiederholungen der Verfahrensschritte (A) bis (G), wobei N = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis N.

The method according to the invention is characterized by the following method steps:

1. (A) Transporting a first workpiece with non-cured and / or non-dried coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers with the aid of a transport system through the inlet gate into the interior of a chamber dryer with the outlet gate closed and the inlet gate closed;
2. (B) drying and / or curing the coatings, lacquers and / or adhesive layers of the first workpiece, so that the coated, lacquered and / or glued, hot first workpiece results;
3. (C) discharging the hot first workpiece from the outlet gate of the chamber dryer through the inlet gate of a cooling chamber into the interior of the cooling chamber and closing the outlet gate of the chamber dryer and the inlet gate of the cooling chamber with the outlet gate of the cooling chamber closed;
4. (D) cooling the coated, painted and / or glued, hot first workpiece to 20 ° C to 40 ° C and discharging this first cooled workpiece using a transport system through the outlet gate from the cooling chamber with the inlet gate of the cooling chamber closed,
5. (E) Feeding in a second workpiece with non-hardened and / or not dried coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers through the inlet gate into the empty interior of the chamber dryer immediately after discharging the first hot workpiece from the chamber dryer using the transport system with the outlet gate closed and closed of the inlet gate of the chamber dryer;
6. (F) transferring the second hot workpiece out of the chamber dryer and transferring it into the empty cooling chamber immediately after transferring the first cooled workpiece;
7. (G) transferring a third workpiece into the empty chamber dryer immediately after discharging the second hot workpiece from the chamber dryer and
8. (H) N-fold repetitions of process steps (A) to (G), where N = an integer from 1 to N.

Figur 1

die Draufsicht auf eine Seite-an-Seite-Anordnung der Untereinheiten 1.1; 1.2 des erfindungsgemäßen Kammertrocknersystems 1 mit parallelen Längsachsen L sowie das dazugehörige Fließschema für die Werkstücke 2A und 2B;

Figur 2

die Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt aus einem Kammertrocknersystem 1 mit hintereinander angeordneten Untereinheiten 1.1 + 1.2 mit gemeinsamen Längsachsen L sowie das dazugehörige Fließschema für die Werkstücke 2A und 2B;

Figur 3

die Betriebszustände einer Untereinheit 1.1 + 1.2 während der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;

Figur 4

die Draufsicht auf einen Querschnitt durch einen Kammertrockner 1.1 mit einer Automobilkarosserie 2A mit zu trocknenden und/oder zu härtenden Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und/oder Klebschichten;

Figur 5

die Draufsicht auf einen Querschnitt durch eine Abkühlkammer 1.2 mit einer beschichteten, lackierten, und/oder geklebten, heißen Automobilkarosserie 2B;

Figur 6

die Draufsicht auf die Vorderansicht eines Ausschnitts aus einem Kammertrocknersystem 1 gemäß der Figur 1 mit den Einlasstoren 1.1.1 der Kammertrockner 1.1 sowie mit Blick auf die Vorrichtungen 5.1; 5.2; 8 für die Zuführung 5.1.1, die Abführung 5.2.1 und die Erzeugung von thermischer Energie sowie die Steuereinheiten zur Regelung der Vorrichtungen 5.1; 5.2;

Figur 7

die Draufsicht auf einen Längsschnitt durch ein zweistöckiges Kammertrocknersystem 1 mit Hebebühnen für die Automobilkarosserien 2A und 2B;

Figur 8

die Draufsicht auf die Vorderansicht eines Ausschnitts aus einem zweistöckigen Kammertrocknersystem 1 mit funktionalen Zwischenräumen 5 und Hebebühnen 10 für die Automobilkarosserien 2A; und

Figur 9

die Draufsicht auf eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts aus einem Kammertrocknersystem 1 ohne funktionale Zwischenräume 5, deren Funktion von funktionalen Aufbauten 13 auf den Außendächern 1.1.9; 1.2.9 der Kammertrockner 1.1 und der Abkühlkammern 1.2 übernommen wird.

The modular chamber dryer system according to the invention and the method according to the invention are described below with reference to Figures 1 to 9 explained in more detail. The Figures 1 to 9 serve to schematically illustrate the structure and function of the modular chamber dryer system as well as the implementation of the process. It is therefore not necessary to use the Figures 1 to 9 to scale. Show it

Figure 1

the top view of a side-by-side arrangement of the subunits 1.1; 1.2 of the chamber dryer system 1 according to the invention with parallel longitudinal axes L and the associated flow diagram for workpieces 2A and 2B;

Figure 2

the top view of a section from a chamber dryer system 1 with sub-units 1.1 + 1.2 arranged one behind the other with common longitudinal axes L and the associated flow diagram for workpieces 2A and 2B;

Figure 3

the operating states of a subunit 1.1 + 1.2 while the method according to the invention is being carried out;

Figure 4

the top view of a cross section through a chamber dryer 1.1 with an automobile body 2A with coatings, paints and / or adhesive layers to be dried and / or cured;

Figure 5

the top view of a cross section through a cooling chamber 1.2 with a coated, painted and / or glued, hot automobile body 2B;

Figure 6

the top view of the front view of a section from a chamber dryer system 1 according to FIG Figure 1 with the inlet gates 1.1.1 of the chamber dryer 1.1 and with a view of the devices 5.1; 5.2; 8 for the supply 5.1.1, the discharge 5.2.1 and the generation of thermal energy as well as the control units for regulating the devices 5.1; 5.2;

Figure 7

the plan view of a longitudinal section through a two-story chamber dryer system 1 with lifting platforms for the automobile bodies 2A and 2B;

Figure 8

the top view of the front view of a detail from a two-story chamber dryer system 1 with functional intermediate spaces 5 and lifting platforms 10 for the automobile bodies 2A; and

Figure 9

the top view of a perspective illustration of a section from a chamber dryer system 1 without functional spaces 5, the function of which of functional structures 13 on the outer roofs 1.1.9; 1.2.9 the chamber dryer 1.1 and the cooling chambers 1.2 are taken over.

1

Modulares Kammertrocknersystem

1.1

Thermisch isolierter, verschließbarer Kammertrockner

1.1.1

Einlauftor des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.2

Auslauftor des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.3

Außenwand des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.4

Unterer Bereich des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.5

Oberer Bereich des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.6

Seitenbereich des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.7

Innenraum des Kammertrockners 1.1

1.1.8

Gedachte Trennfläche zwischen 1.1.4 und 1.1.5

1.1.9

Außendach

1.2

Abkühlkammer

1.2.1

Einlauftor der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.2

Auslauftor der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.3

Außenwand der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.4

Innenraum der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.5

Schrägdach im Innenraum 1.2.4

1.2.6

Unterer Bereich der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.7

Oberer Bereich der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.8

Seitenbereich der Abkühlkammer 1.2

1.2.9

Außendach

1,1; 1.2

Untereinheit des modularen Kammertrocknersystems 1

1.3

Transportrichtung

2A

Werkstück mit nicht getrockneten und/oder nicht gehärteten Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und/oder Klebschichten (Automobilkarosserie)

2A.1

Öffnung im Werkstück 2A (Rückfenster, Türöffnung)

2A.2

Geöffnete Tür

2B

Beschichtetes, lackiertes und/oder geklebtes Werkstück (Automobilkarosserie)

3

Transportsystem zum Transport der Werkstücke 2A in den Kammertrockner 1.1

3.1

Skid

3.2

Transportsystem zum Transport der Werkstücke 2A; 2B durch und aus dem Kammertrockner 1.1

4

Transportsystem zum Transport der Werkstücke 2B in die Abkühlkammer 1.2

4.1

Skid

4.2

Transportsystem zum Abtransport der aus der Abkühlkammer 1.2 ausgeschleusten Werkstücke 2B

5

Funktionaler Zwischenraum

5.1

Vorrichtung für die thermodynamisch geregelte Zuführung 5.1.1 von thermischer Energie

5.1.1

Thermodynamisch geregelte Zuführung von thermischer Energie

5.1.1.1

Elektronisch gesteuerte Drosselvorrichtung

5.1.1.2

Elektronisch gesteuertes Gebläse oder elektronisch gesteuerter Kompressor

5.1.2

Düse für die separat regelbare Zuführung 5.1.1 von heißen Gasen 5.1.3

5.1.2.1

Düse mit Öffnung = 200 mm

5.1.2.2

Düse mit Öffnung = 100 mm

5.1.2.3

Düse mit Öffnung = 70 mm

5.1.2.3a

Schräg nach außen gestellte Düse 5.2.1.3

5.1.3

Heiße Gase

5.1.3.1

Heißgasleitung

5.1.4

In die Öffnung 2A.1 geblasene heiße Gase 5.1.3

5.2

Vorrichtung für die thermodynamisch geregelte Abführung 5.2.1 von thermischer Energie aus dem Kammertrockner 1.1

5.2.1

Thermodynamisch geregelte Abführung von thermischer Energie aus dem Kammertrockner 1.1

5.2.2

Absaugung von Abgasen 5.2.3 aus dem Kammertrockner 1.1

5.2.2.1

Elektronisch gesteuerte Drosselvorrichtung

5.2.2.2

Elektronisch gesteuertes Gebläse oder elektronisch gesteuerter Kompressor

5.2.3

Abgase aus dem Kammertrockner 1.1

5.2.3.1

Abgasleitung, Sammelabgasleitungen

5.2.3.2

Bypass

5.2.3.3

Elektronisch gesteuerte Drosselvorrichtung

5.3

Vorrichtung für die geregelte Energiezuführung 5.3.1 zu den Quellen 5.3.2 aktinischer Strahlung

5.3.1

Geregelte Energiezuführung zur Quelle 5.3.2 von aktinischer Strahlung

5.3.2

Quelle aktinischer Strahlung

5.4

Vorrichtung für die separat regelbare Zuführung 5.4.1 von Kühlgasen 5.4.3 zu der Abkühlkammer 1.2

5.4.1

Separat regelbare Zuführung 5.4.1 von Kühlgasen 5.4.3 zu der Abkühlkammer 1.2

5.4.2

Düse für die Zuführung 5.4.1 von Kühlgasen 5.4.3 zu der Abkühlkammer 1.2

5.4.2.1

Düse mit Kondensatringen

5.4.3

Kühlgase

5.5

Vorrichtung für die Abführung 5.5.1 von thermischer Energie aus der Abkühlkammer 1.2

5.5.1

Abführung thermische Energie

5.5.2

Absaugung

5.5.3

Erwärmte Abgase

6

Steuereinheit zur thermodynamischen Regelung der Vorrichtungen 5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5

6.1

Input: Messdaten aus der Trockenkammer 1.1

6.2

Output: Regelgrößen für die Vorrichtung 5.1

6.3

Output: Regelgrößen für die Vorrichtung 5.2

7

Standfläche

8

Brennofen und Nachverbrenner

8.1

Brenner

8.2

Flamme

8.3

Brennstoffzuleitung

8.4

Elektronisch geregelte Drosselvorrichtung

9

Wärmetauscher

10

Hydraulische Hebevorrichtung

10.1

Hydraulischer Teleskopzylinder

10.1.1

Feststehender Aufnahmezylinder

10.2

Plattform

10.3

Transportsystem auf der Plattform 10.2

10.4

Druckaufbau- und Druckentspannungssystem

10.5

Passgenaue Vertiefung zur Aufnahme der Plattform 10.2; 10.3

11

Thermisch isolierender und mechanisch verstärkter Zwischenboden

12

Thermisch isolierende Zwischenwand

13

Funktionaler Aufbau auf den Außendächern 1.1.9; 1.2.9

13.1

Funktionaler Aufbau des Kammertrockners 1.1

13.2

Funktionaler Aufbau der Abkühlkammer 1.2

K1

Karosserie 2A; 2B

K2

Karosserie 2A; 2B

K3; K4

Karosserie 2A

KN

Nte Karosserie 2B

K(N + 1)

(N + 1)te Karosserie 2B

K(N + 2)

(N + 2)te Karosserie 2A; 2B

K(N + 3)

(N + 3)te Karosserie 2A

N

Ganze Zahl > 4

L

Längsachse

t

Zeit

I; II; III; X

Betriebszustände einer Untereinheit 1.1; 1.2 des modularen Kammertrocknersystems 1

In the Figures 1 to 9 the reference symbols have the following meaning:

1

Modular chamber dryer system

1.1

Thermally insulated, lockable chamber dryer

1.1.1

Inlet door of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.2

Outlet door of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.3

Outer wall of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.4

Lower area of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.5

Upper area of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.6

Side area of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.7

Interior of the chamber dryer 1.1

1.1.8

Imagined interface between 1.1.4 and 1.1.5

1.1.9

Outside roof

1.2

Cooling chamber

1.2.1

Inlet gate of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.2

Exit gate of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.3

Outer wall of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.4

Interior of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.5

Pitched roof in the interior 1.2.4

1.2.6

Lower area of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.7

Upper area of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.8

Side area of the cooling chamber 1.2

1.2.9

Outside roof

1.1; 1.2

Sub-unit of the modular chamber dryer system 1

1.3

Transport direction

2A

Workpiece with non-dried and / or non-hardened coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers (automobile body)

2A.1

Opening in workpiece 2A (rear window, door opening)

2A.2

Open door

2 B

Coated, painted and / or glued workpiece (automobile body)

3

Transport system for transporting the workpieces 2A into the chamber dryer 1.1

3.1

Skid

3.2

Transport system for transporting the workpieces 2A; 2B through and out of the chamber dryer 1.1

4th

Transport system for transporting the workpieces 2B into the cooling chamber 1.2

4.1

Skid

4.2

Transport system for transporting away the workpieces 2B discharged from the cooling chamber 1.2

5

Functional space

5.1

Device for the thermodynamically controlled supply 5.1.1 of thermal energy

5.1.1

Thermodynamically controlled supply of thermal energy

5.1.1.1

Electronically controlled throttle device

5.1.1.2

Electronically controlled blower or electronically controlled compressor

5.1.2

Nozzle for the separately controllable supply 5.1.1 of hot gases 5.1.3

5.1.2.1

Nozzle with opening = 200 mm

5.1.2.2

Nozzle with opening = 100 mm

5.1.2.3

Nozzle with opening = 70 mm

5.1.2.3a

Nozzle positioned at an angle to the outside 5.2.1.3

5.1.3

Hot gases

5.1.3.1

Hot gas line

5.1.4

Hot gases blown into opening 2A.1 5.1.3

5.2

Device for the thermodynamically controlled discharge 5.2.1 of thermal energy from the chamber dryer 1.1

5.2.1

Thermodynamically controlled removal of thermal energy from the chamber dryer 1.1

5.2.2

Extraction of exhaust gases 5.2.3 from the chamber dryer 1.1

5.2.2.1

Electronically controlled throttle device

5.2.2.2

Electronically controlled blower or electronically controlled compressor

5.2.3

Exhaust gases from the chamber dryer 1.1

5.2.3.1

Exhaust pipe, collective exhaust pipes

5.2.3.2

bypass

5.2.3.3

Electronically controlled throttle device

5.3

Device for the regulated supply of energy 5.3.1 to the sources 5.3.2 of actinic radiation

5.3.1

Regulated energy supply to source 5.3.2 of actinic radiation

5.3.2

Source of actinic radiation

5.4

Device for the separately controllable supply 5.4.1 of cooling gases 5.4.3 to the cooling chamber 1.2

5.4.1

Separately controllable supply 5.4.1 of cooling gases 5.4.3 to the cooling chamber 1.2

5.4.2

Nozzle for the supply 5.4.1 of cooling gases 5.4.3 to the cooling chamber 1.2

5.4.2.1

Nozzle with condensate rings

5.4.3

Cooling gases

5.5

Device for the dissipation 5.5.1 of thermal energy from the cooling chamber 1.2

5.5.1

Dissipation of thermal energy

5.5.2

Suction

5.5.3

Heated exhaust gases

6th

Control unit for thermodynamic regulation of the devices 5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5

6.1

Input: measurement data from the drying chamber 1.1

6.2

Output: controlled variables for the device 5.1

6.3

Output: controlled variables for the device 5.2

7th

Stand space

8th

Kiln and afterburner

8.1

burner

8.2

flame

8.3

Fuel supply line

8.4

Electronically controlled throttle device

9

Heat exchanger

10

Hydraulic lifting device

10.1

Hydraulic telescopic cylinder

10.1.1

Fixed receiving cylinder

10.2

platform

10.3

Transport system on the platform 10.2

10.4

Pressure build-up and pressure release system

10.5

Precisely fitting recess for receiving the platform 10.2; 10.3

11

Thermally insulating and mechanically reinforced intermediate floor

12

Thermally insulating partition

13th

Functional structure on the external roofs 1.1.9; 1.2.9

13.1

Functional structure of the chamber dryer 1.1

13.2

Functional structure of the cooling chamber 1.2

K1

Body 2A; 2 B

K2

Body 2A; 2 B

K3; K4

Body 2A

KN

Nth body 2B

K (N + 1)

(N + 1) th body 2B

K (N + 2)

(N + 2) th body 2A; 2 B

K (N + 3)

(N + 3) th body 2A

N

Whole number> 4

L.

Longitudinal axis

t

time

I; II; III; X

Operating states of a sub-unit 1.1; 1.2 of the modular chamber dryer system 1

Detailed description of FIGS. 1 to 9 Preliminary remark

In the modular chamber dryer systems 1 described below, the chamber dryers 1.1 have the following characteristics.

Characteristics:

1. (i) Inside dimensions:
   • Length = 7000 mm, including length in front of and behind the workpiece 2A = 750 mm;
   • Height = 300 mm;
   • Width = 4500 mm;
   • Dryer surface including inlet gate (1.1.1) and outlet gate (1.1.2): 1320 m ² ;
2. (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter:
   • Hold: 2500 m ³ / h;
   • Heating: 5000 m ³ / h to 10,000 m ³ / h;
   • Fresh air proportion: 1273 m ³ / h;
3. (iii) Cycle times: one workpiece 2A / h or two workpieces 2A / h;
4. (iv) temperature:
   1. 1. heating / holding: 110 ° C;
   2. 2. Heating / holding: 160 ° C.

Performance data of the chamber dryer 1.1:

Fan power: 1 × 30,000 m ³ / h (1 × 30 kW) or 2 × 15,000 m ³ / h (2 × 15 kW); Heating capacity: Desired 160 ° C 155 kW (heating) 108 kW (hold with 100% exhaust air), 45 kW (with 25% exhaust air after main evaporation time); Target 110 ° C 104 KW (heating up) 74 kW (hold with 100% exhaust air), 30 kW (with 25% exhaust air after main evaporation time); 110 ° C-160 ° C 125 kW (heating) 108 kW (holding with 100% exhaust air), 45 kW (with 25% exhaust air after the main evaporation time.

In the modular chamber dryer systems 1 described below, the cooling chambers 1.2 have the following characteristics.

Characteristics:

1. (i) Inside dimensions:
   • Length = 7000 mm, including 750 mm in front of and behind the workpiece;
   • Height = 3000 mm to 5000 mm;
   • Width = 2000 mm;
   • Cooling chamber surface including inlet gate (1.2.1) and outlet gate (1.2.2): 132 m ² ;
2. (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter: 5000 m ³ / h;
3. (iii) Fresh air proportion: depending on temperature - minimum fresh air proportion 2000 m ³ / h;
4. (iv) cycle times: one workpiece 2B / h or two workpieces 2B / h;
5. (v) temperature:
   1. 1. Cooling: 80 ° C;
   2. 2. cooling: 30 ° C;
6. (vi) suction:
   Fan output: 10,000 m ³ / h to 40,000 m ³ / h per fan;

Performance data of the cooling chamber 1.2 ("gentle cooling"):

(vii) Fan power: 1 x 30,000 m ³ / h (1 x 30 kW) or 2 x 15,000 m ³ / h (2 x 15 kW); (viii) Heating capacity : -15 ° C> 70 ° C 70 kW (heating up 2000 m ³ / h share of fresh air in winter); (ix) Cooling capacity 35 ° C / 40%> 20 ° C 12 kW (cooling 2000 m ³ / h share of fresh air in summer); (x) Cooling capacity of workpieces 36 kW (2000 kg steel from 160 ° C> 30 ° C); (xi) Installed power heat exchanger heating: 85 kW; Installed power heat exchanger cooling: 70 kW (including shaft power fan).

Figures 1 and 3

In the modular chamber dryer system 1 according to FIG Figure 1 the sub-units “chamber dryer 1.1 + cooling chamber 1.2” (hereinafter “1.1 + 1.2” for short) were arranged next to one another so that their longitudinal axes L were parallel. Between the lateral outer walls 1.1.3; 1.2.3 of the subunits 1.1 + 1.2 there were functional interspaces 5, the devices 5.1 for the thermodynamically controlled supply 5.1.1 of thermal energy in the form of hot gases 5.1.3 (see also Figure 6 ) and devices 5.2 for the thermodynamically controlled discharge 5.2.1 of thermal energy in the form of exhaust air containing volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are subjected to afterburning in a kiln and afterburner 8 (cf. Figure 6 ) was supplied.

The automobile bodies 2A, which had non-cured and / or non-dried coatings, paintwork and / or adhesive layers, were driven on skids 3.1 with the aid of a transport system 3 in front of the inlet gates 1.1.1 of the chamber dryer 1.1 and, after opening the inlet gates 1.1.1, when the inlet gates 1.1.1 were closed Outlet gates 1.1.2 promoted into the interior 1.1.7 of the chamber dryer 1.1. The inlet gates 1.1.1 were closed, after which the coatings, paintwork and / or adhesive layers with the hot gases 5.1.3 or, in the case of dual-cure, also with IR emitters 5.3; 5.3.2 have been hardened and / or dried. This resulted in automobile bodies 2B with cured and / or dried coatings, paintwork and / or adhesive layers. After opening the outlet gates 1.1.2 of the chamber dryer 1.1 and the inlet gates 1.2.1 of the cooling chambers 1.2 with the outlet gates 1.2.2 closed, they were transported into the interiors 1.2.4 of the cooling chambers, after which the inlet gates 1.2.1 and the outlet gates 1.1.2 were then closed, the automobile bodies 2B were cooled to a temperature of 30 ° C in the cooling chambers 1.2 and, after the exit gates 1.2.2 were opened, discharged and conveyed to other stations in the line using a transport system 4.2.

• (I) Eine Karosserie K1 wurde in dem Kammertrockner 1.1 behandelt, während vor dem Einlauftor 1.1.1 die Karosserie K2 wartete.
• (II) Die Karosserie K1 wurde in die Abkühlkammer 1.2 transportiert, und die Karosserie K2 rückte in den Kammertrockner 1.1 nach, während vor ihrem Einlauftor die Karosserie K3 wartete.
• (III) Die abgekühlte Karosserie K1 wurde aus der Abkühlkammer 1.2 ausgeschleusten, die Karosserie K2 rückte in die Abkühlkammer 1.2 nach, und die Karosserie K3 wurde in den Kammertrockner 1.1 transportiert. Die Karosserie K4 wartete vor dem Einlauftor 1.1.1.
• (X) So wurde beispielsweise in dem zehnten Betriebszustand die abgekühlte Karosserie KN (N = 10) aus der Abkühlkammer 1.2 ausgeschleust. Anschließend wurde die nachgerückte Karosserie K(N +1), hier K11, in der Abkühlkammer 1.2 abgekühlt, und die Karosserie K(N +2), hier K12, in dem Kammertrockner 1.1 mit Hitze behandelt, während die Karosserie K(N +3), hier K1,3 vor dem Einlauftor 1.1 wartete.

As a result, a subunit 1.1 + 1.2 passed through, as in the Figure 3 shown schematically, the following operating states:

• (I) A body K1 was treated in the chamber dryer 1.1, while the body K2 was waiting in front of the inlet gate 1.1.1.
• (II) The body K1 was transported into the cooling chamber 1.2, and the body K2 moved into the chamber dryer 1.1, while the body K3 waited in front of its inlet door.
• (III) The cooled body K1 was discharged from the cooling chamber 1.2, the body K2 moved into the cooling chamber 1.2, and the body K3 was transported into the chamber dryer 1.1. The K4 body was waiting in front of the 1.1.1 entry gate.
• (X) For example, in the tenth operating state, the cooled body KN (N = 10) was discharged from the cooling chamber 1.2. Then the body K (N +1), here K11, was cooled in the cooling chamber 1.2, and the body K (N +2), here K12, was treated with heat in the chamber dryer 1.1, while the body K (N +3 ), here K1,3 was waiting in front of the entrance gate 1.1.

This representation of the operating states of a subunit 1.1 + 1.2 of the modular chamber drying system 1 underpins the advantages, in particular the flexibility, of the method according to the invention.

Figure 2

In the modular chamber dryer system 1 according to FIG Figure 2 the subunits 1.1 + 1.2 were arranged one behind the other so that they had a common longitudinal axis. Between the outlet gates 1.2.2 of the cooling chambers 1.2 the first adjacent subunits 1.1 + 1.2, seen in the direction of transport 1.3 in the direction of the longitudinal axes, and the inlet gates 1.1.1 of the chamber dryer 1.1, seen in the direction of transport 1.3 in the direction of the longitudinal axes, second adjacent subunits 1.1 + 1.2 enough space to discharge the automobile bodies 2B from the outlet gates 1.2.2 of the cooling chambers 1.2 of the first subunits 1.1 + 1.2 and to introduce automobile bodies 2A into the inlet gates 1.1.1 of the dryer 1.1 of the second subunits 1.1 + 1.2.

The transport systems 3 were arranged in such a way that the automobile bodies 2A could also be transported past the first subunits 1.1 + 1.2 and, in the case of a modular expansion of the camera system 1, also past the second subunits 1.1 + 1.2. If a body 2A reached the space between the first and the second sub-units 1.1 + 1.2, it could be directed into the interior 1.1.7 by branching the transport system 3 through the inlet door 1.1.1 of one of the chamber dryers 1.1 of a second sub-unit 1.1 + 1.2 be treated in it.

Furthermore, from a cooling chamber 1.2 of a first subunit 1.1 + 1.2, a cooled body 2B could be discharged from the outlet gate 1.2.2 a cooling chamber 1.2 into the space and transported in the transport direction 1.3 to a transport system 4.2 for removing the discharged workpieces 2B.

This configuration of the modular chamber drying system 1 also showed its excellent flexibility and expandability with a comparatively small space requirement.

Figure 4

The Figure 4 shows a cross section through the interior 1.1.7 of a chamber dryer 1.1.

The interior was separated into an upper area 1.1.5 and a lower area 1.1.4 by an imaginary separating surface 1.1.8. In the interior 1.1.7, seen in cross section, there was an automobile body 2A with uncured and / or not dried coatings, paintwork and adhesive layers, with the automobile body 2A on a skid 3.1 of the transport system 3 for transporting the automobile body 2A into the chamber dryer 1.1 and the des Transport system 3.2 of the automobile body 2A; 2B rested through and out of the chamber dryer 1.1. In the lower area 1.1.4, in the area of the transport system 3.2, a total of ten nozzles 5.1.2.3 with an opening of 70 mm were installed in three rows, of which the nozzles 5.1.2.3a of the two outer rows were inclined outwards. These nozzles 5.1.2.3; 5.1.2.3a blew the hot gases 5.1.3 directly into the interior of the automobile body 2A, later 2B. On both sides of the two walls of the interior space 1.1.7, which converge at an angle, in the lower area 1.1.4, sixteen nozzles inclined inwards and having an opening of 70 mm were attached. On each of the two vertical side walls were four nozzles arranged horizontally in two rows with an opening of 100 mm, which the hot gases 5.1.3 in the side area 1.1.6 and on the left and right side of the automobile body 2A, later 2B, and blew into the door opening 2A.1 of the opened door 2A.2. On the two inclined walls of the upper area 1.1.5 of the interior 1.1.7, four nozzles 5.1.2.1 with an opening of 200 mm were arranged in a row, which were directed at the window openings of the automobile body 2A, later 2B. Four nozzles 5.1.2.1 were arranged on the horizontal roof of the interior 1.1.7, which were directed at the roof of the automobile body 2A, later 2B. Hot gases 5.1.3 were blown directly into the rear window 2A.1 from nozzles in the upper area 1.1.7 (not shown).

This configuration of the chamber dryer 1 achieves particularly gentle drying and / or hardening of the coatings, paintwork and adhesive layers on the automobile body 2A, so to speak from the inside. As a result, the exterior paintwork in particular was of excellent quality and showed no paint defects.

If necessary, the thermal drying and curing could be supported by the infrared radiators 5.3.2 arranged in the upper area 1.1.5. These were connected to an electronically controllable power source 5.3 via an electrical line 5.1.3. As a result, additional drying and hardening was achieved without having to use excessive hot gas flows 5.1.3.

Figure 5

The hot automobile body 2B with cured and / or dried coatings, paintwork and adhesive layers was transported on a skid 4.1 with the transport system 4 for further transport of the automobile body 2B into the cooling chamber 1.2. The cooling chamber 1.2 and the automobile body 2B are shown in cross section. The interior 1.2.4 of the cooling chamber 1.1 had a sloping roof 1.2.5 in its upper area 1.2.7 in order to prevent the formation of condensation drops. The transport system 4; 4.1 was arranged in its lower area 1.2.6. Devices 5.4 for the separately controllable supply 5.4.1 of cooling gases 5.4.3 to the cooling chamber 1.2 were attached in the vertical walls of the two side areas 1.2.8. The cooling gases are preferably cold, dried air 5.4.3. These were directed onto the automobile body 2B using nozzles with condensate rings 5.4.2.1. The devices 5.4 were surrounded by the devices 5.5 for the discharge 5.5.1 of heated air 5.5.3 via the suction devices 5.5.2. The entire arrangement was surrounded by thermally insulated outer walls 1.2.3 and rested on stand area 7.

The arrangement of the nozzles 5.4.2 in the side areas 1.2.8 of the cooling chamber 1.2 were arranged in the form of uniform grids, which were to be closed and opened in such a way that the opened nozzles 5.4.2 matched the contours of the automobile body 2B.

Thanks to this configuration, the hot automobile bodies 2B could be quickly cooled to 30 ° C without a large expenditure of energy and were then available for further processing in the line after a short time.

Figure 6

The Figure 6 shows a front view of the modular chamber drying system 1 with a view of the inlet gates 1.1.1 of the chamber dryer 1.1.

The chamber dryers 1.1 (and thus the subunits 1.1 + 1.2) were arranged next to one another on the standing area 7, so that functional spaces 5 are between them parallel outer walls 1.1.3. The automobile bodies 2A (not shown) were via the transport systems 3; 3.2 smuggled with skids 3.1 into the open entrance gates 1.1.1. The functional intermediate spaces 5 comprised devices 5.1 for feeding hot gases 5.1.3 into the interior space 1.1.7 of the chamber dryer 1.1. The devices 5.1 comprised those of the control units 6 for thermodynamic regulation of the electronically controlled throttle devices 5.1.1.1. The control units 6 received the measurement data from the drying chamber 1.1 as input 6.1 and processed them with the aid of customary and known algorithms and specified the controlled variables for the devices 5.1 as output 6.2. The throttle devices 5.1.1.1, seen in the flow direction "↓" of the hot gases 5.1.3, were preceded by fans or compressors 5.1.1.2, which were also electronically controlled by the control units 6 (output 6.2). The devices 5.1 received the hot gases 5.1.3 from the hot gas line 5.1.3.1. The hot gases 5.1.3 were generated in the furnace 8, which at the same time served to post-burn the VOC-containing exhaust gases 5.2.3 from the chamber dryers 1.1. The furnace 8 comprised burners 8.1 with the flames 8.2, which were operated with natural gas which was supplied via the fuel supply line 8.3 and an electronically controlled throttle device 8.4. The hot gases 5.1.3 generated were passed via the heating gas line 5.1.3.1 through a heat exchanger 9 to the heating gas line 5.1.3.1 with the branches to the devices 5.1.

The VOC-containing waste gases 5.2.3 were fed into the collective waste gas line 5.2.3.1 using the devices 5.2 for the thermodynamically controlled discharge 5.2.1 of thermal energy in the form of waste gases 5.2.3 (flow direction "↑"). The quantity and the flow velocities of the exhaust gases 5.2.3 were regulated by throttling devices 5.2.2.1 and fans or compressors 5.2.2.2. The throttle devices 5.2.2.1 and the fans or compressors 5.2.2.2 were electronically controlled by the controlled variables of the output 6.3 of the control unit 6. The exhaust gases 5.2.3 were passed from the collective exhaust line 5.2.3.1 into the heat exchanger 9, in which they were heated by the hot gases 5.1.3. If the exhaust gases 5.2.3 were to be heated partially or not at all, they could be passed around the heat exchanger 9 via a bypass 5.2.3.2 with an electronically controlled throttle device 5.2.3.3. Then the exhaust gases 5.2.3 were in the burner 8.1; 8.2 of the kiln 8 and burned their combustible portion therein. This made them part of the hot gases 5.1.3.

The particular advantage of this configuration of the chamber dryer 1.1 of the modular chamber drying system 1 has the particular advantage that each chamber dryer 1.1 is individually and optimally adapted to the non-cured and / or non-dried coatings, Paintwork and adhesive layers of the respective workpieces 2A could be adapted, which was not possible in a drying tunnel in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Figures 7 and 8

The modular chamber dryer system 1 of the Figure 7 When viewed from the side, comprised sub-units 1.1 + 1.2 stacked on top of one another in two levels. The upper sub-units 1.1 + 1.2 were fastened congruently on the lower sub-units 1.1 + 1.2. To reinforce the statics and for thermal insulation, thermally insulating and mechanically reinforced intermediate floors 11 were arranged between them (not shown). The upper and lower subunits 1.1 + 1.2 could be detached from one another if necessary, for example when exchanging. In the upper chamber dryers 1.1, the transport systems 3 protruded horizontally and in the middle in front of the inlet door 1.1.1, so that automobile bodies 2A with non-hardened and / or non-dried coatings, paintwork and adhesive layers from the platforms 10.2 with the transport systems 10.3; 3.1; 3.2 with open inlet gates 1.1.1 and closed outlet gates 1.1.2 could be introduced directly into the interior 1.1.7 of the chamber dryer 1.1.

The platforms 10.2; 10.3 were moved up and down with the aid of hydraulic lifting devices 10, which had hydraulic telescopic cylinders 10.1 and fixed receiving cylinders 10.1.1 and pressure build-up and pressure release systems 10.4. The receiving cylinders 10.1.1 and the pressure build-up and pressure relief systems 10.4 were arranged in depressions 10.5, which precisely fit for receiving the platforms 10.2; lowered to the level of the standing surface 7; 10.3, so that their transport systems 10.3 are directly connected to the transport system 3 on the stand area 7. In this position, further automobile bodies 2A could be introduced into the lower chamber dryer 1.1.

After the coatings, paintwork and adhesive layers had dried and / or hardened, the automobile bodies 2B with the outlet gates 1.1.2 and inlet gates 1.2.1 and closed outlet gates 1.2.2 closed were introduced into the interior 1.2.4 of the cooling chambers 1.2 using the transport systems 3.2 and 4 . Then the two gates 1.2.1 and 1.1.2 were closed and the automobile bodies 2B were cooled. After cooling, they were discharged with the exit gates 1.2.2 open with the aid of the transport system 4 and the protruding transport system 4.2 and onto the platforms 10.2; 10.3 of the hydraulic lifting devices 10 of the same type as described above, driven. The Platforms 10.2; 10.3 with the automobile bodies 2B were lowered to the level of the standing area 7 and the continuations of the transport systems 4.2 for the removal of the bodies 2B. After these bodies 2B had been transported away, the bodies 2B could be discharged from the lower cooling chambers 1.2.

The Figure 8 illustrates once again on the basis of a front view of the modular chamber drying system 1 of FIG Figure 7 the feeding of the automobile bodies 2A to the upper chamber dryers 1.1.

The modular chamber dryer system of Figures 7 and 8th had the particular advantage that the stand area 7 could be used optimally. That is to say that twice as many workpieces 2A and 2B could be processed on the same area 7 as with a one-story structure.

Figure 9

The modular chamber dryer system 1 of the Figure 9 had no functional interspaces 5 between the subunits 1.1 + 1.2, but rather two adjacent subunits 1.1 + 1.2 were thermally insulated from one another by a thermally insulating partition 12. Instead of the functional intermediate spaces 5, there were functional structures 13 on the outer roofs 1.1.9 and 1.2.9 - structures 13.1 for the chamber dryer 1.1 and structures 13.2 for the cooling chambers 1.2 -. These took over the functions of the functional spaces 5.

The particular advantage of this configuration was that the subunits 1.1 + 1.2 could move closer together, which significantly reduced the space requirement for the modular chamber dryer system 1 on the standing area 7.

Claims (15)

Modular chamber dryer system (1), comprising - At least two separate, structurally identical, thermally insulated, lockable chamber dryers (1.1) with parallel longitudinal axes L or at least one common longitudinal axis for drying and / or curing the coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers on and / or in the at least one workpiece (2A ) with thermal energy or thermal energy and actinic radiation (dual cure) and - At least two separate, structurally identical, thermally insulated, lockable cooling chambers (1.2) with parallel longitudinal axes L or at least one common longitudinal axis, each of which, viewed in the direction of transport (1.3), is spatially and functionally directly adjacent with its inlet gate (1.2.1) the outlet gate (1.1.2) of each chamber dryer (1.1) is connected and is used for the controlled cooling of the at least one coated, varnished and / or glued workpiece (2B), - At least one transport system (4) which is used to transport away the cooled workpieces (2B) discharged from the outlet gates (1.2.2) of the cooling chambers (1.2), - At least one transport system (3) which is used to transport the workpieces (2A) through the inlet gates (1.1.1) into the chamber dryer (1.1), - A functional intermediate space (5) between the mutually associated, parallel outer walls (1.1.3; 1.2.3) of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) and the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) and / or a functional structure (13) on the outer roof (1.1.9) of each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) and the outer roof (1.2.9) of each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) and / or a separate functional structure (13.1) on the outer roof (1.1.9) each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) and a separate functional structure (13.2) on the outer roof (1.2.9) of each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2.9) (i) Devices (5.1; 5.2) for the thermodynamically controlled supply (5.1.1) and discharge (5.2.1) of thermal energy to the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) or additionally with (ii) Devices (5.3) for the regulated energy supply (5.3.1) to the sources (5.3.2) of actinic radiation in the at least two chamber dryers (1.1), (iii) Devices (5.4; 5.5) for the separately controllable supply (5.4.1) of cooling gases (5.4.3) to the interior (1.2.4) of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) and for the discharge (5.5.1) of thermal energy from the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) and - A control unit (6) for the thermodynamic regulation of the devices (5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5) for each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) and for each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) or a common control unit (6) for the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) and the at least two cooling chambers (1.2). Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the workpieces (2A) and (2B) are bodies of means of transport. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the means of transport are selected from the group consisting of minibuses, pick-ups, vans, station wagons, compact cars, electric cars, convertibles, sports cars, luxury limousines, safety limousines, money transporters, off-road vehicles and SUVs. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that (i) the devices (5.1) in the lower areas (1.1.4), in the upper areas (1.1.5) and in the two side areas (1.1.6) of each of the at least two chamber dryer (1.1) nozzles (5.1 .2) for the separately controllable supply (5.1.1) of hot gases (5.1.3) and (ii) the devices (5.2) at least one suction device (5.2.2) for the removal (5.2.1) of exhaust gases (5.2.3) from each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) exhibit. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) additionally contains sources (5.3.2) of actinic radiation. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzles (5.1.2) in the upper areas (1.1.5) and / or in the lower areas (1.1.4) into the openings (2A .1) the workpieces (2A) are directed. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) (i) the devices (5.4) nozzles (5.4.2) for the separately controllable supply (5.4.1) of cooled gases (5.4.3) and (ii) the devices (5.5) at least one suction device (5.5.2) for the removal (5.5.1) of heated exhaust gases (5.5.3) exhibit. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) has a sloping roof (1.2.5) in the interior (1.2.4) to avoid the formation of condensate droplets. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that (i) the arrangement of the nozzles (5.1.2) in the side areas (1.1.6) of the chamber dryer (1.1) and / or the nozzles (5.4.2) in the side areas (1.2.8) of the cooling chambers (1.2) the contours the workpieces (2A) and / or (2B) is or are and / or adapted (ii) the nozzles (5.1.2) in the side areas (1.1.6) of the chamber dryer (1.1) and / or the nozzles (5.4.2) in the side areas (1.2.8) of the cooling chambers (1.2) are more uniform in shape Are arranged in a grid and are to be closed and opened in such a way that the opened nozzles (5.1.2) and / or (5.4.2) are adapted to the contours of the workpieces (2A) and / or (2B). Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each of the at least two chamber dryers (1.1) has the following characteristics: (i) Inside dimensions: - Length = 5000 mm to 10,000 mm, including length in front of and behind the workpiece 2A = 100 mm to 1000 mm; - height = 1500 mm to 5000 mm; - width = 2000 mm to 7000 mm; - dryer surface including inlet gate (1.1.1) and outlet gate (1.1.2): 80 m ² to 250 m ² ; (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter: - Hold: 1000 m ³ / h to 5000 m ³ / h; - heating: 2000 m ³ / h to 10,000 m ³ / h; - Fresh air proportion: 500 m ³ / h to 3000 m ³ / h; (iii) Cycle times: one workpiece 2A / h or two workpieces 2A / h; (iv) temperature: 1. Heating / holding: 80 ° C to 130 ° C; 2. Heating / holding: 140 ° C to 180 ° C. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each of the at least two cooling chambers (1.2) has the following characteristics: (i) Inside dimensions: - Length = 5000 mm to 10,000 mm, including length in front of and behind the workpiece 2A = 100 mm to 1000 mm; - height = 1500 mm to 5000 mm; - width = 2000 mm to 7000 mm; - Cooling chamber surface including inlet gate (1.2.1) and outlet gate (1.2.2): 80 m ² to 250 m ² ; (ii) Amount of circulating air per meter: 2000 m ³ / h to 8000 m ³ / h (iii) Fresh air content: 1000 m ³ / h to 4000 m ³ / h; (iv) cycle times: one workpiece 2B / h or two workpieces 2B / h; (v) temperature: 1. Cooling: 8 ° C to 90 ° C; 2. Cooling: 20 ° C to 40 ° C; (vi) Suction (5.5.2):
Fan output: 10,000 m ³ / h to 40,000 m ³ / h per fan. Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least two of its sub-units (1.1; 1.2) - are arranged next to each other so that their longitudinal axes (L) are parallel to each other, - Are arranged in a straight line one behind the other so that they have a common longitudinal axis L and between the outlet gates (1.2.2) of the cooling chambers (1.2) of the at least one first sub-unit (1.1 + 1.2) and the inlet gates (1.1.1) of the chamber dryer ( 1.1) of the at least one second subunit (1.1 + 1.2) there is sufficient distance to workpieces (2B) out of the outlet gates (1.2.2) of the cooling chambers (1.2) of the at least one first sub-unit (1.1 + 1.2) and around workpieces (2A) into the inlet gates (1.1.1) of the chamber dryer (1.1) of the at least one second To initiate subunit (1.1 + 1.2) or - are arranged one above the other so that their longitudinal axes (L) are parallel to one another and the at least one first upper subunit (1.1 + 1.2) - Can be reached by means of a retractable lifting device (10) for lifting the workpieces (2A) from the standing surface (7) to the level (10.1) of the inlet gates (1.1.1) of the upper chamber dryer (1.1) and - Can be unloaded by means of a retractable lifting device (10) for lowering the workpieces (2B) from the level of the outlet gates (1.2.2) of the upper cooling chambers (1.2) to the level of the standing surface (7). Modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the at least one transport system (3) comprises a dust protection tunnel. Method for drying and / or curing the non-dried and / or non-cured coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers on and / or in workpieces (2A) and cooling the coated, varnished and / or bonded workpieces (2B) with the aid of at least one modular chamber dryer system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the following process steps: (A) Transport of a first workpiece (2A) using a transport system (3) through the inlet gate (1.1.1) into the interior (1.1.7) of a chamber dryer (1.1) with the outlet gate (1.1.2) closed and the inlet gate closed ( 1.1.1); (B) drying and / or curing the coatings, varnishes and / or adhesive layers (2.1) of the first workpiece (2A), so that the coated, lacquered and / or glued, hot first workpiece (2B) results; (C) discharging the hot first workpiece (2B) from the outlet gate (1.1.2) of the chamber dryer (1.1) through the inlet gate (1.2.1) into the interior of a cooling chamber (1.2) and closing the outlet gate (1.1.2) and the inlet gate (1.2.1) with the outlet gate (1.2.2) closed; (D) cooling the hot first workpiece (2B) to 20 ° C to 40 ° C and discharging the first cooled workpiece (2B) with the aid of a transport system (4) through the outlet gate (1.2.2) from the cooling chamber (1.2) when the cooling chamber (1.2) is closed Entry gate (1.2.1), (E) Introducing a second workpiece (2A) with the help of the transport system (3) through the inlet gate (1.1.1) into the interior (1.1.7) of the chamber dryer (1.1) with the outlet gate (1.1.2) closed and the inlet gate closed ( 1.1.1) immediately after the first hot workpiece (2B) has been discharged from the chamber dryer (1.1); (F) discharging the second hot workpiece (2B) from the chamber dryer (1.1) and introducing it into the cooling chamber (1.2) immediately after discharging the first cooled workpiece (2B); (G) transferring a third workpiece (2A) into the chamber dryer (1.1) immediately after discharging the second hot workpiece (2B) from the chamber dryer (1.1) and (H) N-fold repetitions of process steps (A) to (G), where N = an integer from 1 to N. Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the at least one transport system (3) comprises a dust protection tunnel.

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