EP3757295B1 - Container and use of the same - Google Patents

Container and use of the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3757295B1
EP3757295B1 EP19182617.1A EP19182617A EP3757295B1 EP 3757295 B1 EP3757295 B1 EP 3757295B1 EP 19182617 A EP19182617 A EP 19182617A EP 3757295 B1 EP3757295 B1 EP 3757295B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
fibre
sheath
yarn
biodegradable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19182617.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3757295A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Jäger
Aaron Stoffers
Franz TEKBAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arnold Jaeger Holding GmbH
Original Assignee
Arnold Jaeger Holding GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT191826171T priority Critical patent/PT3757295T/en
Application filed by Arnold Jaeger Holding GmbH filed Critical Arnold Jaeger Holding GmbH
Priority to ES19182617T priority patent/ES2893465T3/en
Priority to EP19182617.1A priority patent/EP3757295B1/en
Priority to PL19182617T priority patent/PL3757295T3/en
Priority to DK19182617.1T priority patent/DK3757295T3/en
Priority to TW109121477A priority patent/TWI787625B/en
Priority to US16/911,608 priority patent/US20200407117A1/en
Priority to CN202010596899.3A priority patent/CN112144471A/en
Publication of EP3757295A1 publication Critical patent/EP3757295A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3757295B1 publication Critical patent/EP3757295B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D29/00—Sacks or like containers made of fabrics; Flexible containers of open-work, e.g. net-like construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
    • D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
    • D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure
    • D02G3/185—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure in the core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
    • E02B3/108—Temporary dykes with a filling, e.g. filled by water or sand
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/123—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/04—Linen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/12—Physical properties biodegradable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of the same.
  • Such containers can be used in many ways for protection, as filters or for transport, for example in hydraulic engineering, in coastal protection or in civil engineering, in particular road construction.
  • the container is filled with a material, for example sand, concrete or stones, and can be unloaded and positioned at a desired position depending on the use. At the respective position, the filled container can be used to protect or weigh down an object, for example under water. Furthermore, the filled container can be used for straightening, for example to lay pipes on an originally uneven surface.
  • Such filled containers can also be used to hold back water in coastal protection or flood protection.
  • conventional containers have a casing which can be made of synthetic polymers (plastic), for example polyester fibers, polyacrylic fibers or polypropylene fibers, it being possible to use synthetic fibers or, for example, a synthetic coating.
  • synthetic polymers plastic
  • polyester fibers for example polyester fibers
  • polyacrylic fibers polypropylene fibers
  • synthetic fibers for example, a synthetic coating. Due to aging and damage to the casing, smaller particles of the synthetic polymers can loosen when using such containers made of plastic components, whereby large amounts of plastic get into rivers and seas when used in hydraulic engineering. Even with one use the container on land, plastic particles can be detached and thus get into the environment. This leads to unwanted environmental pollution.
  • EP 3 327 201 A1 proposes to use geotextiles or mineral fibers that have natural fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers or mixtures thereof as the material for the envelope of the container.
  • These mineral fibers are coated in a suitable manner, for example by immersion in a liquid coating compound or coating solution. This coating prevents abrasion during use of the container and thus offers protection against wear.
  • the coating itself is made of a natural material, so that environmental pollution with synthetic materials can be avoided even if it is worn. In this way, the cover is made from a plastic-free and coated yarn.
  • mineral fibers if they are untreated and inadequately protected, in many cases do not withstand the production of the cover, in particular to mechanically knotted nets, as well as the loads during use, for example with a nominal load of a few tons. This is primarily due to the nature of the respective mineral fiber, in particular the high brittleness of the material, which has a negative effect on the long-term resistance.
  • the nature of the mineral fibers can, for example, lead to a loss of the mechanical strength of the container, since the mineral fibers of the envelope, which are very closely joined together in some areas, in particular knotted into a network or provided with a different textile structure (knitted fabric, fleece, woven fabric, knitted fabric) contract under the load of the filling. As a result, the permissible minimum bending radii of the mineral fibers are not reached, which can lead to breaks in the brittle material.
  • the mineral fibers can be damaged when they are fed to or processed in automatic net-tying machines, especially when resting on deflectors, eyelets and other guides, which is why the production speed has to be reduced to enable a continuous process. This leads to an increase in the production time and thus the production costs.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a container that can be manufactured quickly and cheaply and at the same time has high wear resistance and high mechanical strength, in particular breaking strength, under load while at the same time being environmentally friendly.
  • the container has a sheath made of a yarn, wherein a sheath of the yarn has at least one biodegradable sheath fiber, for example a natural fiber and / or a biodegradable plastic fiber, or consists of this and a mineral fiber of the yarn, which forms the core of the yarn, of which at least one biodegradable sheath fiber is sheathed, for example braided, knitted, wrapped, wrapped, woven, etc. at least in some areas, preferably completely.
  • a biodegradable sheath fiber for example a natural fiber and / or a biodegradable plastic fiber, or consists of this and a mineral fiber of the yarn, which forms the core of the yarn, of which at least one biodegradable sheath fiber is sheathed, for example braided, knitted, wrapped, wrapped, woven, etc. at least in some areas, preferably completely.
  • the yarn and thus also the sheath consist exclusively of mineral fibers (core) and biodegradable sheath fibers, so that overall an environmentally friendly sheath is created. Particles detaching from the coat can accordingly be decomposed or composted independently in the environment. When using natural fibers as sheath fibers, a completely plastic-free covering can also be created.
  • the yarn can have a biodegradable coating made of a natural and / or a biodegradable synthetic material, for example natural latex or natural rubber or wollastonite or a compostable polymer, in order to additionally protect the yarn or make it less vulnerable.
  • Natural materials are generally understood to mean materials that, in contrast to synthetic materials, come from natural sources, such as plants, animals or minerals.
  • a biodegradable synthetic material is understood to be a synthetic material that can independently decompose in the environment.
  • the biodegradable coating can preferably be applied by coating the yarn produced, for example by immersion in a liquid coating compound or coating solution, or the finished covering, for example by applying and wiping off the coating compound or coating solution on the surface the wrapping.
  • the container Since only natural (shell and core and possibly coating) and / or biodegradable or compostable materials (shell and possibly coating) are used for the wrapping, the container is very environmentally friendly, so that pollution of the environment on respective location can be avoided.
  • a container can be provided that can also meet strict environmental protection requirements. This is important, for example, when the container according to the invention is used in coastal protection, civil engineering or in other areas in which the container can come into contact with water or groundwater. Even with age-related or wear-related damage to the cover, no environmentally damaging materials get into the water or groundwater. But this is also advantageous on land, since the container according to the invention cannot release any environmentally harmful materials when it is used.
  • the container according to the invention can thus in particular contribute to the implementation of the requirements of the directives 2008/56 / EC (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) and 2000/60 / EC (Water Framework Directive), since both in the manufacture of the mineral fibers of the core and in the manufacture of the sheathing the mineral fibers only natural or biodegradable materials are used.
  • the directives 2008/56 / EC Marine Strategy Framework Directive
  • 2000/60 / EC Water Framework Directive
  • the structure of the environmentally friendly yarn from a mineral fiber, which forms the core of the yarn, and at least one biodegradable sheath fiber with which the mineral fiber is at least partially, preferably completely, sheathed, has the advantage that the yarn, despite the brittleness of the mineral Fiber has a high mechanical strength, in particular breaking strength, and the handling of the yarn can be improved.
  • the mineral fiber, which by itself already has a high tensile strength, is thus protected from certain external influences, which in particular lead to excessive bending.
  • sheath or “sheathed” is understood in the context of the invention that the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber forms a sheath that the mineral fiber or the Preferably completely surrounds the core.
  • the sheath fiber and the mineral fiber do not form a flat material connection, so that the sheath rests on the mineral fiber without adhesion.
  • the at least one sheath fiber can be wound on the core in any desired manner in several windings or turns and / or the core is knitted around with several sheath fibers by looping around and / or the core is braided with several sheath fibers by intertwining.
  • other types of textile and non-stick sheathing can also be considered.
  • the biodegradable sheath fiber (s) runs around the outer circumference (circumferential direction) of the mineral fiber in each case, the individual windings, turns, wraps, braids, etc. of the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber lying adjacent to one another in such a way that the mineral fiber is covered and thus protected by the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber, preferably over the entire longitudinal extent.
  • the sheathing according to the invention does not represent a coating as used in the prior art in the form of a liquid coating compound or coating solution, since the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber used for the sheathing does not enter into any adhesion or a flat material bond with the mineral fiber as is the case with a coating by definition.
  • the biodegradable sheath fiber that is used for sheathing is not an informal material, but has and retains a certain predetermined fibrous shape, which leads to the fact that the yarn as a whole is mechanically more stable or more resilient, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the yarn used according to the invention has in particular a larger diameter of the yarn, so that bending radii of the yarn in curved areas of the coverings, for example in the knot of a mechanically knotted network or in the event of transverse loads from the surroundings or from the filling, inevitably turn out to be larger.
  • preferred bending radii can be set in a targeted manner via the thickness of the biodegradable sheath fiber used for the sheathing. This in turn significantly reduces the bending load acting on the mineral fiber, for example in the case of heavy loads during use with a heavy filling, in particular in the case of a knotted net. This effect can therefore greatly increase the mechanical load-bearing capacity of the container without having to reinforce the actual load carrier itself, ie the mineral fiber, in a complex and costly manner.
  • the container according to the invention offers overall increased tensile strength and increased mechanical stability.
  • Yarns that only have natural fibers or biodegradable plastic fibers as strength carriers cannot provide the required strengths or load-bearing capacities with a comparable thickness.
  • the mineral fiber provides a stable mineral core for the yarn of the sheath, which is sheathed by the biodegradable sheath fiber to achieve an additionally increased mechanical stability or strength and for protection.
  • the yarn can still adapt subsequently, since a slight displacement of the sheath with respect to the core is possible.
  • a yarn with a mineral fiber to be processed without the sheathing according to the invention would inevitably have to be twisted or twisted or stranded, which restricts the longitudinal displacement of the filaments relative to one another.
  • the sheathing makes it possible to dispense with such a twisting of the mineral fibers of the core, which in turn improves the flexibility.
  • the mineral fiber of the core can therefore be sheathed as a simple, parallel strand, so that when bent, not only the core and the sheath, but also the individual filaments can move better against each other.
  • an improvement in the manufacturing process is also achieved. Due to the brittleness of the mineral fiber, it tends to splice when passing through industrial production plants or production machines. The mineral fiber rubs against deflections, eyelets and other guides and suffers partial breaks. With the sheathing according to the invention with the biodegradable sheath fiber, the mineral fiber is protected from such splicing, so that it can be processed largely loss-free and without damage and, in principle, at a higher production speed, since the mineral fiber itself is not in contact with the guide elements occurs. The biodegradable or compostable materials used for the sheathing or the biodegradable sheath fibers do not suffer due to their significantly higher ductility and suppleness such damage. In addition, as already mentioned, the bending of the mineral fiber when it rests on the deflections, eyelets and other guides is limited by the sheathing, so that fewer breaks occur during manufacture.
  • the sheathing according to the invention can ensure that the abrasion of the mineral fibers lying on the inside is reduced to a minimum. Since the mineral fiber is a material that is very susceptible to abrasion and the filling of a container with an uncovered cover with partly sharp-edged stones, as well as the subsequent handling of the filled container can lead to damage to the cover, one with a biodegradable fiber jacket that is less susceptible to abrasion offers jacketed cover significantly increased handling strength.
  • the jacketed envelope of the container completely encloses the filling, preferably a solid filling which is also nature-friendly or environmentally friendly.
  • the casing in the container according to the invention does not have an opening in the closed state through which the filling can get out of the container.
  • the covering can be made, for example, by sewing, knotting, splicing or other joining methods suitable for textiles of a single mineral fiber or a single yarn or by sewing, knotting, splicing or joining two different mineral fibers or yarns, or the like. can be achieved. It is preferably provided here that the seams or other connections have at least 80% of the strength of the mineral fiber or the yarn in order not to significantly impair the tensile strength or the general mechanical load-bearing capacity of the container.
  • the container or the envelope can be in the form of a thin mat or sheet, for example.
  • a mattress shape with a thickness of preferably up to 80 cm can also be provided.
  • the container can be used for protection against mechanical effects or erosion and for impermeable linings.
  • the sheath is in the form of a horizontal or vertical tube. This can be done by joining the longitudinal edges of the envelope of the container. The open ends of the tube can preferably be closed by sewing, gluing, knotting, splicing or in any other suitable manner in order to hold the filling in the envelope.
  • the container can be used as a storage container, as a barrier, for depositing stones or rubble or as a dam or dike core.
  • a container that has a wrap with a vertical tubular shape can be used for soil improvement or as a vertical drain.
  • the envelope is generally in the form of a sack. Such sacks can be used for flood protection, for scour protection and repair or for building embankments. It can also be used in the form of gabions or in artificial reefs.
  • a container In the form of a net, stones or boulders can be held inside the envelope so that the container can be used as a filter. The meshes of the net are then selected in such a way that the stones cannot pass through them and can thus be held permanently inside the casing.
  • a container is provided, the properties of which are largely determined by the nature of the filling, whereby a certain filter effect can be achieved as a result.
  • Such a net filled with stones can serve as protection or weighting of an object, for example. for example under water.
  • the filled net-like container can be used for straightening, for example to lay pipes or cables on an originally uneven surface.
  • the filling of the container is preferably matched to the permeability of the envelope.
  • the stability of a container increases the faster the water can drain from it, the permeability of the casing preferably being at least 10 times greater than the permeability of the filling of the container.
  • the mineral fiber of the core is a basalt fiber, a glass fiber, a carbon fiber or has mixtures thereof. These are characterized by high strength or tensile strength, so that when these materials are used in the yarn core, a highly resilient container can be provided.
  • the high tensile strength can be achieved in particular if the mineral fiber is a continuous fiber, i.e. a fiber that is not twisted first, or a textile filament, so that the loads can be distributed over the entire longitudinal extent of the mineral fiber.
  • the jacket has a natural fiber, such as coconut, jute, hemp, cotton or flax, and / or a biodegradable plastic fiber, such as a compostable polymer, or mixtures thereof as the biodegradable jacket fiber.
  • a natural fiber such as coconut, jute, hemp, cotton or flax
  • a biodegradable plastic fiber such as a compostable polymer, or mixtures thereof as the biodegradable jacket fiber.
  • Cotton is also very hard-wearing and also tear-resistant and durable in a wet environment. Coconut fibers can claw each other and thus for better stackability at high Ensure that the containers are stable in relation to one another.
  • coconut fibers are consistently elastic and have a high sound and heat insulating effect.
  • coconut fibers are insensitive to moisture and have a high level of
  • the mineral fiber is seawater-resistant.
  • the seawater resistance can be quantified, for example, according to the DIN standards DIN53739 or DIN53521, in which case, instead of the materials specified in the DIN standards, other materials may be used for the biodegradable sheath fibers and / or the mineral fibers, which are in the DIN standards The specified examination conditions remain the same. Seawater resistance is already achieved when the goals specified in the DIN standards are achieved.
  • the container including the filling has a total weight of at least 100 kg, in particular at least 1000 kg, for example up to 12 t and / or the container has a capacity of 0.5 to 10 m 3 .
  • a weight can provide a container which cannot drift away when used in the water and which can also maintain its shape. But the stability of such a container with such a filling weight can also be ensured on land.
  • the size and weight of the container can vary depending on the intended use, for example depending on the subsurface to be straightened or the object to be protected.
  • the sheathed yarn has a thickness of at least 4.5 mm and / or a weight per unit area of at least 500 g / m 2 .
  • a particularly good mechanical strength or robustness and filter stability of the container can advantageously be achieved by means of such a thickness or such a weight per unit area.
  • the robustness and the mechanical strength can be adapted to a hydrodynamic environmental load prevailing in the area of coasts.
  • the yarn of the sheath has a tensile strength of at least 30 kN / m.
  • the container is suitable for the load acting on the envelope, in particular also during machine transport or during normal use.
  • the yarn, i.e. the mineral fiber and / or the biodegradable sheath fiber is a UV-resistant material. This can increase the long-term resistance, especially in the case of high UV exposure in the area of coasts.
  • the filling of the container comprises sand and / or concrete.
  • a flexible and adaptable container can be provided, the casing of which has to be made more closely meshed in order to prevent the filling from escaping.
  • sand with a density of 1.4 to 2.0 g / cm 3 can be used, whereby a particularly good stability of the container structure can be achieved.
  • the yarn of the sheath is joined together in the form of a fleece, woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or knitted fabric in order to form the sheath filled with sand and / or concrete. Because of the sheathing of the yarn according to the invention, knot points and nodal points of the respective textile structure are the Casing is particularly well protected against breakage under high mechanical stress.
  • the yarn is joined together, in particular knotted together, in the form of a network, in order to form the sheath.
  • a filter can be provided, in particular for hydraulic engineering, the net-like covering then preferably comprising stones or the like as a filling, the stones having a diameter that is larger than the openings or the meshes of the net formed by the yarn ( Wrapping). Because of the sheathing of the yarn according to the invention, the knot and knot points of the net are particularly well protected from breakage in the event of high mechanical stress and also from adjacent sharp stones.
  • Hydraulic engineering is understood here to mean measures, technical interventions and structures in the area of groundwater, surface water and the sea coasts.
  • Coastal protection includes, in particular, flood protection.
  • Use in coastal protection also includes, in particular, use under the influence of tides or under sea conditions. It can also be used in dike construction, for protecting waterways, scour protection, for fixing lines (cables, pipes, etc.), for fixing gas or power lines and for protecting foundations.
  • such containers can be used for separating, draining, filtering, reinforcing or for corrosion protection.
  • such containers can be used in offshore wind farms or the like, for example to protect or protect the foundations of wind turbines. to straighten the subsurface to these in order to optimize the cable routes.
  • such containers can also be used as filters if the filling is appropriate. It can preferably be provided that the container is brought into contact with a substrate which has particles with a certain mean particle size.
  • the opening width of the container can be adapted to this mean particle size in order to adapt the container to the hydrodynamic loads and the fine and medium sands that typically occur on coasts.
  • Fig. 1a is a net-shaped container 1 for holding larger stones than filling 2 and in Figure 1b a sack-shaped container 1 for receiving sand and / or concrete as filling 2 is shown.
  • these containers 1 shown by way of example other shapes and textile structures of the container 1 can also be provided, these being essentially predetermined by an envelope 3 of the container 1.
  • the casing 3 also specifies which fillings 2 can be kept inside the container 1.
  • fillings 2 can also be made finer particles, such as sand, are held.
  • the type of container 1 used is determined by the respective intended use, the shape or size, the material and the properties of the casing 3 and the filling 2 being able to be established or adapted as a function thereof.
  • the sheath 3 itself is made from a yarn 4, the yarn 4 being environmentally friendly.
  • a biodegradable coating made of a natural and / or a biodegradable synthetic material is not necessarily provided, so that the in Fig. 2
  • the textile structure of the yarn 4 shown extending in the longitudinal direction X results.
  • the yarn 4 has an endless mineral fiber 5 as a core and a biodegradable sheath fiber 6 enveloping it, which can be designed as a natural fiber 6a and / or as a biodegradable plastic fiber 6b.
  • the biodegradable sheath fiber 6 of the sheath surrounds the mineral fiber 5 of the core at least approximately completely in the circumferential direction U and in the longitudinal direction X
  • the core or the mineral fiber 5 is preferably an endless fiber (textile filament) which extends “endlessly” in the longitudinal direction X.
  • individual endless mineral fibers 5 are spun, for example, from molten rock (basalt rock) in a thin drawing process.
  • the biodegradable sheath fiber 6 is then wound in several windings or braided or knitted with it or wrapped or woven, etc., so that the biodegradable sheath fiber 6 completely surrounds the mineral fiber 5 and the mineral fiber 5 thereby protects.
  • the yarn 4 produced in this way is knotted together or at the appropriate points knotted to produce a reticulated covering 3.
  • the yarn 4 produced is joined together in the form of a fleece, woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or knitted fabric to form a sack-shaped envelope 3.
  • the filling 2 is then introduced and the container 1 is closed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Container gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie die Verwendung desselben.The invention relates to a container according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of the same.

Derartige Container können in vielfältiger Weise zum Schutz, als Filter oder zum Transport beispielsweise im Wasserbau, im Küstenschutz oder im Tiefbau, insbesondere Straßenbau, eingesetzt werden. Der Container ist dabei mit einem Material, beispielsweise Sand, Beton oder Steinen, gefüllt und kann je nach Verwendung an einer gewünschten Position abgeladen und positioniert werden. An der jeweiligen Position kann der befüllte Container dem Schutz oder der Beschwerung eines Objektes dienen, beispielsweise unter Wasser. Weiterhin kann der befüllte Container zur Begradigung verwendet werden, um beispielsweise Rohre auf einem ursprünglich unebenen Untergrund zu verlegen. Auch im Küstenschutz bzw. Hochwasserschutz können derartige befüllte Container zum Rückhalten von Wasser verwendet werden.Such containers can be used in many ways for protection, as filters or for transport, for example in hydraulic engineering, in coastal protection or in civil engineering, in particular road construction. The container is filled with a material, for example sand, concrete or stones, and can be unloaded and positioned at a desired position depending on the use. At the respective position, the filled container can be used to protect or weigh down an object, for example under water. Furthermore, the filled container can be used for straightening, for example to lay pipes on an originally uneven surface. Such filled containers can also be used to hold back water in coastal protection or flood protection.

Herkömmliche Container weisen dazu eine Umhüllung auf, die beispielsweise aus synthetischen Polymeren (Plastik), beispielsweise Polyesterfasern, Polyacrylfasern oder Polypropylenfasern, gefertigt sein kann, wobei synthetische Fasern verwendet werden können oder beispielsweise eine synthetische Beschichtung verwendet werden kann. Alterungsbedingt und durch Beschädigungen der Umhüllung können sich bei der Verwendung derartiger Container aus Kunststoff-Bestandteilen kleinere Partikel der synthetischen Polymere lösen, wodurch bei einer Anwendung im Wasserbau große Mengen Plastik in Flüsse und Meere gelangen. Auch bei einer Verwendung der Container zu Lande können Plastikpartikel abgelöst werden und dadurch in die Umgebung gelangen. Dies führt zu einer ungewollten Umweltverschmutzung.For this purpose, conventional containers have a casing which can be made of synthetic polymers (plastic), for example polyester fibers, polyacrylic fibers or polypropylene fibers, it being possible to use synthetic fibers or, for example, a synthetic coating. Due to aging and damage to the casing, smaller particles of the synthetic polymers can loosen when using such containers made of plastic components, whereby large amounts of plastic get into rivers and seas when used in hydraulic engineering. Even with one use the container on land, plastic particles can be detached and thus get into the environment. This leads to unwanted environmental pollution.

Um dem zu begegnen, wird in EP 3 327 201 A1 , das als nächstliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird, vorgeschlagen, als Material für die Umhüllung des Containers Geotextilien bzw. mineralische Fasern zu verwenden, die Naturfasern, Basaltfasern, Glasfasern oder Mischungen derselben aufweisen. Diese mineralischen Fasern werden in geeigneter Weise beschichtet, beispielsweise durch Eintauchen in eine flüssige Beschichtungsmasse bzw. Beschichtungslösung. Diese Beschichtung verhindert einen Abrieb während der Verwendung des Containers und bietet damit einen Verschleißschutz. Die Beschichtung selbst wird aus einem natürlichen Material gefertigt, so dass auch bei dessen Abrieb eine Umweltverschmutzung mit synthetischen Materialien vermieden werden kann. Damit wird die Umhüllung aus einem kunststofffreien und beschichteten Garn gefertigt.To counter this, in EP 3 327 201 A1 , which is considered to be the closest prior art, proposes to use geotextiles or mineral fibers that have natural fibers, basalt fibers, glass fibers or mixtures thereof as the material for the envelope of the container. These mineral fibers are coated in a suitable manner, for example by immersion in a liquid coating compound or coating solution. This coating prevents abrasion during use of the container and thus offers protection against wear. The coating itself is made of a natural material, so that environmental pollution with synthetic materials can be avoided even if it is worn. In this way, the cover is made from a plastic-free and coated yarn.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass mineralische Fasern, wenn sie unbehandelt und ungenügend geschützt sind, die Herstellung der Umhüllung, insbesondere zu mechanisch geknoteten Netzen, sowie auch die Belastungen bei der Verwendung, beispielsweise mit einigen Tonnen Nennlast, in vielen Fällen nicht unbeschadet überstehen. Dies liegt primär an der Beschaffenheit der jeweiligen mineralischen Faser, insbesondere der hohen Sprödheit des Materials, welche sich negativ auf die Langzeitbeständigkeit auswirkt. Die Beschaffenheit der mineralischen Faser kann beispielsweise zu Einbußen der mechanischen Festigkeit des Containers führen, da sich die bereichsweise sehr eng zusammengefügten, insbesondere zu einem Netz verknoteten oder mit einer anderweitigen textilen Struktur (Gewirke, Vlies, Gewebe, Gestricke) versehenen, mineralischen Fasern der Umhüllung unter der Last der Füllung zusammenziehen. Dadurch werden die zulässigen minimalen Biegeradien der mineralischen Fasern unterschritten, wodurch es zu Brüchen des spröden Materials kommen kann.It has been found that mineral fibers, if they are untreated and inadequately protected, in many cases do not withstand the production of the cover, in particular to mechanically knotted nets, as well as the loads during use, for example with a nominal load of a few tons. This is primarily due to the nature of the respective mineral fiber, in particular the high brittleness of the material, which has a negative effect on the long-term resistance. The nature of the mineral fibers can, for example, lead to a loss of the mechanical strength of the container, since the mineral fibers of the envelope, which are very closely joined together in some areas, in particular knotted into a network or provided with a different textile structure (knitted fabric, fleece, woven fabric, knitted fabric) contract under the load of the filling. As a result, the permissible minimum bending radii of the mineral fibers are not reached, which can lead to breaks in the brittle material.

Weiterhin können die mineralischen Fasern aufgrund ihrer Sprödheit bei der Zuführung zu bzw. bei der Verarbeitung in automatischen Netzknüpfmaschinen, insbesondere beim Aufliegen auf Umlenkungen, Ösen und sonstigen Führungen, beschädigt werden, weshalb die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit gedrosselt werden muss, um einen kontinuierlichen Prozess zu ermöglichen. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung der Fertigungszeit und damit der Fertigungskosten.Furthermore, due to their brittleness, the mineral fibers can be damaged when they are fed to or processed in automatic net-tying machines, especially when resting on deflectors, eyelets and other guides, which is why the production speed has to be reduced to enable a continuous process. This leads to an increase in the production time and thus the production costs.

In den Druckschriften DE 15 35 581 A1 und US 2 335 644A sind Garne offenbart, die einen Kern und einen diesen umgebenden faserförmigen Mantel aufweisen.In the pamphlets DE 15 35 581 A1 and U.S. 2,335,644A Yarns are disclosed which have a core and a surrounding fibrous sheath.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher, einen Container bereitzustellen, der schnell und günstig hergestellt werden kann und dabei eine hohe Verschleißbeständigkeit sowie eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit, insbesondere Bruchfestigkeit, unter Belastung bei gleichzeitig hoher Umweltverträglichkeit aufweist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a container that can be manufactured quickly and cheaply and at the same time has high wear resistance and high mechanical strength, in particular breaking strength, under load while at the same time being environmentally friendly.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Container gemäß Anspruch 1 und eine Verwendung desselben nach Anspruch 14 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben bevorzugte Weiterbildungen an.This object is achieved by a container according to claim 1 and a use of the same according to claim 14. The subclaims indicate preferred developments.

Erfindungsgemäß ist demnach vorgesehen, dass der Container eine Umhüllung aus einem Garn aufweist, wobei ein Mantel des Garns mindestens eine biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser, beispielsweise eine Naturfaser und/oder eine biologisch abbaubare Kunststofffaser, aufweist bzw. aus dieser besteht und eine mineralische Faser des Garns, die den Kern des Garns ausbildet, von der mindestens einen biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser zumindest bereichsweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, ummantelt, beispielsweise umflochten, umstrickt, umwickelt, umwunden, umwebt, etc. ist.According to the invention it is therefore provided that the container has a sheath made of a yarn, wherein a sheath of the yarn has at least one biodegradable sheath fiber, for example a natural fiber and / or a biodegradable plastic fiber, or consists of this and a mineral fiber of the yarn, which forms the core of the yarn, of which at least one biodegradable sheath fiber is sheathed, for example braided, knitted, wrapped, wrapped, woven, etc. at least in some areas, preferably completely.

Insbesondere bestehen das Garn und damit auch die Umhüllung ausschließlich aus mineralischen Fasern (Kern) und biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfasern, so dass insgesamt eine umweltverträgliche Umhüllung geschaffen wird. Sich von dem Mantel ablösende Partikel können demnach in der Umwelt eigenständig zersetzt bzw. kompostiert werden. Bei der Verwendung von Naturfasern als Mantelfasern kann zudem eine vollkommen kunststofffreie Umhüllung geschaffen werden.In particular, the yarn and thus also the sheath consist exclusively of mineral fibers (core) and biodegradable sheath fibers, so that overall an environmentally friendly sheath is created. Particles detaching from the coat can accordingly be decomposed or composted independently in the environment. When using natural fibers as sheath fibers, a completely plastic-free covering can also be created.

Ergänzend dazu kann das Garn eine biologisch abbaubare Beschichtung aus einem natürlichen und/oder einem biologisch abbaubaren synthetischen Material aufweisen, beispielsweise Naturlatex bzw. Naturkautschuk oder Wollastonit oder einem kompostierbaren Polymer, um das Garn zusätzlich zu schützen bzw. weniger angreifbar zu machen. Unter natürliche Materialien werden dabei allgemein Materialien verstanden, die in Abgrenzung zu synthetischen Materialien aus natürlicher Quelle stammen, wie Pflanzen, Tieren oder Mineralien. Unter einem biologisch abbaubaren synthetischen Material wird ein synthetisches Material verstanden, dass sich in der Umwelt eigenständig zersetzen kann.In addition, the yarn can have a biodegradable coating made of a natural and / or a biodegradable synthetic material, for example natural latex or natural rubber or wollastonite or a compostable polymer, in order to additionally protect the yarn or make it less vulnerable. Natural materials are generally understood to mean materials that, in contrast to synthetic materials, come from natural sources, such as plants, animals or minerals. A biodegradable synthetic material is understood to be a synthetic material that can independently decompose in the environment.

Das Aufbringen der biologisch abbaubaren Beschichtung kann dabei vorzugsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass das hergestellte Garn beschichtet wird, beispielsweise durch Eintauchen in eine flüssige Beschichtungsmasse bzw. Beschichtungslösung, oder aber die fertiggestellte Umhüllung, beispielsweise durch Auftragen und Abstreichen der Beschichtungsmasse bzw. der Beschichtungslösung auf die Oberfläche der Umhüllung.The biodegradable coating can preferably be applied by coating the yarn produced, for example by immersion in a liquid coating compound or coating solution, or the finished covering, for example by applying and wiping off the coating compound or coating solution on the surface the wrapping.

Da für die Umhüllung ausschließlich auf natürliche (Mantel und Kern und ggf. Beschichtung) und/oder biologisch abbaubare bzw. kompostierbare Materialien (Mantel und ggf. Beschichtung) zurückgegriffen wird, ist der Container sehr umweltverträglich, so dass eine Verschmutzung der Umwelt am jeweiligen Einsatzort vermieden werden kann. Dadurch kann ein Container bereitgestellt werden, der auch strenge Umweltschutzauflagen erfüllen kann. Dies ist beispielsweise dann von Bedeutung, wenn der erfindungsgemäße Container für den Einsatz im Küstenschutz, dem Tiefbau oder in anderen Bereichen, in denen der Container in Kontakt mit Wasser oder Grundwasser kommen kann, eingesetzt wird. Auch bei altersbedingten oder verschleißbedingten Beschädigungen der Umhüllung gelangen demnach keine umweltschädigenden Materialien in das Wasser bzw. Grundwasser. Aber auch zu Land ist dies von Vorteil, da der erfindungsgemäße Container bei dessen Verwendung keine umweltschädigenden Materialien freisetzen kann.Since only natural (shell and core and possibly coating) and / or biodegradable or compostable materials (shell and possibly coating) are used for the wrapping, the container is very environmentally friendly, so that pollution of the environment on respective location can be avoided. As a result, a container can be provided that can also meet strict environmental protection requirements. This is important, for example, when the container according to the invention is used in coastal protection, civil engineering or in other areas in which the container can come into contact with water or groundwater. Even with age-related or wear-related damage to the cover, no environmentally damaging materials get into the water or groundwater. But this is also advantageous on land, since the container according to the invention cannot release any environmentally harmful materials when it is used.

Der erfindungsgemäße Container kann damit insbesondere zur Umsetzung der Erfordernisse der Richtlinien 2008/56/EG (Meeresstrategie-Rahmenrichtlinie) und 2000/60/EG (Wasserrahmenrichtlinie) beitragen, da sowohl bei der Herstellung der mineralischen Faser des Kerns als auch bei der Herstellung der Ummantelung der mineralischen Faser ausschließlich natürliche bzw. biologisch abbaubare Materialien verwendet werden.The container according to the invention can thus in particular contribute to the implementation of the requirements of the directives 2008/56 / EC (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) and 2000/60 / EC (Water Framework Directive), since both in the manufacture of the mineral fibers of the core and in the manufacture of the sheathing the mineral fibers only natural or biodegradable materials are used.

Der Aufbau des umweltverträglichen Garns aus einer mineralischen Faser, die den Kern des Garns ausbildet, und mindestens einer biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser, mit der die mineralische Faser zumindest bereichsweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, ummantelt ist, hat den Vorteil, dass das Garn trotz der Sprödheit der mineralischen Faser eine hohe mechanische Belastbarkeit, insbesondere Bruchfestigkeit, erhält und das Handling des Garns verbessert werden kann. Die mineralische Faser, die von sich aus bereits eine hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweist, wird also vor gewissen äußeren Einflüssen, die insbesondere zu einer übermäßigen Biegung führen, geschützt.The structure of the environmentally friendly yarn from a mineral fiber, which forms the core of the yarn, and at least one biodegradable sheath fiber with which the mineral fiber is at least partially, preferably completely, sheathed, has the advantage that the yarn, despite the brittleness of the mineral Fiber has a high mechanical strength, in particular breaking strength, and the handling of the yarn can be improved. The mineral fiber, which by itself already has a high tensile strength, is thus protected from certain external influences, which in particular lead to excessive bending.

Unter dem Begriff "Ummantelung" bzw. "ummantelt" wird im Rahmen der Erfindung verstanden, dass die mindestens eine biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser einen Mantel ausbildet, der die mineralische Faser bzw. den Kern vorzugsweise vollständig umgibt. Dabei gehen die Mantelfaser und die mineralische Faser erfindungsgemäß keine flächige stoffschlüssige Verbindung ein, so dass der Mantel haftungsfrei auf der mineralischen Faser aufliegt. Um dies zu erreichen, kann die mindestens eine Mantelfaser auf dem Kern in beliebiger Weise in mehreren Wicklungen bzw. Windungen aufgewickelt sein und/oder der Kern wird durch mehrere Mantelfasern durch maschenartiges Umschlingen umstrickt und/oder der Kern wird durch mehrere Mantelfasern durch Ineinanderschlingen umflochten. Es kommen aber auch weitere textile und haftungsfreie Ummantelungsarten in Betracht. Die biologisch abbaubare(n) Mantelfaser(n) umläuft/umlaufen in jedem Fall den Außenumfang (Umfangsrichtung) der mineralischen Faser, wobei die einzelnen Wicklungen, Windungen, Umschlingungen, Umflechtungen, etc. der mindestens einen biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser derartig benachbart zueinander liegen, dass die mineralische Faser von der mindestens einen biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser vorzugsweise über die gesamte Längsausdehnung bedeckt und damit geschützt wird.The term “sheath” or “sheathed” is understood in the context of the invention that the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber forms a sheath that the mineral fiber or the Preferably completely surrounds the core. According to the invention, the sheath fiber and the mineral fiber do not form a flat material connection, so that the sheath rests on the mineral fiber without adhesion. In order to achieve this, the at least one sheath fiber can be wound on the core in any desired manner in several windings or turns and / or the core is knitted around with several sheath fibers by looping around and / or the core is braided with several sheath fibers by intertwining. However, other types of textile and non-stick sheathing can also be considered. The biodegradable sheath fiber (s) runs around the outer circumference (circumferential direction) of the mineral fiber in each case, the individual windings, turns, wraps, braids, etc. of the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber lying adjacent to one another in such a way that the mineral fiber is covered and thus protected by the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber, preferably over the entire longitudinal extent.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ummantelung stellt dabei keine Beschichtung, wie sie im Stand der Technik in Form einer flüssigen Beschichtungsmasse bzw. Beschichtungslösung verwendet wird, dar, da die zur Ummantelung verwendete mindestens eine biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser keine Haftung bzw. keine flächige stoffschlüssige Verbindung mit der mineralischen Faser eingeht, wie es bei einer Beschichtung per Definition der Fall ist. Weiterhin ist die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser, die zur Ummantelung verwendet wird, kein formloser Stoff, sondern besitzt und behält eine gewisse vorgegebene faserige Form, die gerade dazu führt, dass das Garn insgesamt mechanisch stabiler bzw. belastbarer wird, wie im Folgenden näher ausgeführt wird.The sheathing according to the invention does not represent a coating as used in the prior art in the form of a liquid coating compound or coating solution, since the at least one biodegradable sheath fiber used for the sheathing does not enter into any adhesion or a flat material bond with the mineral fiber as is the case with a coating by definition. Furthermore, the biodegradable sheath fiber that is used for sheathing is not an informal material, but has and retains a certain predetermined fibrous shape, which leads to the fact that the yarn as a whole is mechanically more stable or more resilient, as will be explained in more detail below.

Gegenüber einer nicht ummantelten oder einer ausschließlich beschichteten mineralischen Faser liegt bei dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Garn insbesondere ein größerer Durchmesser des Garns vor, so dass Biegeradien des Garns in gebogenen Bereichen der Umhüllungen, beispielsweise in Knoten eines mechanisch geknoteten Netzes oder bei Querbelastungen durch die Umgebung oder durch die Füllung, zwangsläufig größer ausfallen. Hierbei können bevorzugte Biegeradien gezielt über die Stärke der zur Ummantelung verwendeten biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser eingestellt werden. Dadurch sinkt wiederum die auf die mineralische Faser wirkende Biegebelastung signifikant, beispielsweise bei starken Belastungen während der Verwendung mit einer schweren Füllung, insbesondere bei einem geknoteten Netz. Durch diesen Effekt kann also die mechanische Belastbarkeit des Containers stark erhöht werden, ohne den eigentlichen Lastträger selbst, d.h. die mineralische Faser, aufwändig und kostenintensiv verstärken zu müssen.Compared to a non-sheathed or an exclusively coated mineral fiber, the yarn used according to the invention has in particular a larger diameter of the yarn, so that bending radii of the yarn in curved areas of the coverings, for example in the knot of a mechanically knotted network or in the event of transverse loads from the surroundings or from the filling, inevitably turn out to be larger. Here, preferred bending radii can be set in a targeted manner via the thickness of the biodegradable sheath fiber used for the sheathing. This in turn significantly reduces the bending load acting on the mineral fiber, for example in the case of heavy loads during use with a heavy filling, in particular in the case of a knotted net. This effect can therefore greatly increase the mechanical load-bearing capacity of the container without having to reinforce the actual load carrier itself, ie the mineral fiber, in a complex and costly manner.

Gegenüber einem Container, dessen Umhüllung lediglich aus biologisch abbaubaren Fasern, insbesondere Naturfasern und/oder biologisch abbaubaren Kunststofffasern, ohne die Verwendung der mineralischen Faser im Kern gefertigt ist, bietet der erfindungsgemäße Container insgesamt eine erhöhte Zugfestigkeit und eine erhöhte mechanische Stabilität. Garne, die ausschließlich Naturfasern bzw. biologisch abbaubare Kunststofffasern als Festigkeitsträger aufweisen, können nämlich bei vergleichbarer Dicke nicht für die benötigten Festigkeiten bzw. Tragfähigkeiten sorgen. Durch die mineralische Faser wird erfindungsgemäß ein tragfähiger mineralischer Kern für das Garn der Umhüllung bereitgestellt, der zum Erreichen einer zusätzlich erhöhten mechanischen Stabilität bzw. Festigkeit und zum Schutz durch die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser ummantelt ist.Compared to a container whose casing is made solely from biodegradable fibers, in particular natural fibers and / or biodegradable plastic fibers, without the use of mineral fibers in the core, the container according to the invention offers overall increased tensile strength and increased mechanical stability. Yarns that only have natural fibers or biodegradable plastic fibers as strength carriers cannot provide the required strengths or load-bearing capacities with a comparable thickness. According to the invention, the mineral fiber provides a stable mineral core for the yarn of the sheath, which is sheathed by the biodegradable sheath fiber to achieve an additionally increased mechanical stability or strength and for protection.

Damit kann durch eine Ummantelung mit den biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfasern eine haftungsfreie und faserförmige Ummantelung bereitgestellt werden, was dazu führt, dass sich die mineralische Faser nur in begrenztem Maße verbiegen lässt. Dadurch kann trotz der Sprödheit bzw. geringen Bruchfestigkeit der mineralischen Faser ein Brechen vermieden und damit ein mechanisch sehr belastbares Garn bereitgestellt werden. Dies kann durch eine ausschließlich vollflächige, haftende Beschichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik, die insgesamt elastischer ist und, wenn überhaupt, nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die Biegefestigkeit hat, nicht erreicht werden.In this way, by sheathing with the biodegradable sheath fibers, a non-stick and fibrous sheathing can be provided, which means that the mineral fibers can only be bent to a limited extent. In this way, despite the brittleness or low breaking strength of the mineral fiber, breaking can be avoided and a mechanically very resilient yarn can be provided. This can cannot be achieved by an exclusively full-surface, adhesive coating according to the state of the art, which is overall more elastic and, if at all, only has a slight influence on the flexural strength.

Zudem kann sich das Garn aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen haftungsfreien Verbindung zwischen dem Kern und dem Mantel nachträglich noch anpassen, da eine leichte Verschiebung des Mantels gegenüber dem Kern möglich ist. Ein ohne die erfindungsgemäße Ummantelung zu verarbeitendes Garn mit einer mineralischen Faser müsste zwangsläufig verdrillt bzw. gezwirnt bzw. verseilt werden, was eine Längsverschieblichkeit der Filamente gegeneinander einschränkt. Durch die Ummantelung kann jedoch auf eine solche Verdrillung der mineralischen Faser des Kerns verzichtet werden, was wiederum die Flexibilität verbessert. Die mineralische Faser des Kerns kann also als einfacher, parallel gelegter Strang ummantelt werden, wodurch sich bei Biegung nicht nur der Kern und die Ummantelung, sondern auch die einzelnen Filamente besser gegeneinander verschieben können.In addition, due to the adhesion-free connection according to the invention between the core and the sheath, the yarn can still adapt subsequently, since a slight displacement of the sheath with respect to the core is possible. A yarn with a mineral fiber to be processed without the sheathing according to the invention would inevitably have to be twisted or twisted or stranded, which restricts the longitudinal displacement of the filaments relative to one another. However, the sheathing makes it possible to dispense with such a twisting of the mineral fibers of the core, which in turn improves the flexibility. The mineral fiber of the core can therefore be sheathed as a simple, parallel strand, so that when bent, not only the core and the sheath, but also the individual filaments can move better against each other.

Vorteilhafterweise wird weiterhin eine Verbesserung des Herstellungsprozesses erreicht. Durch die Sprödheit der mineralischen Faser neigt diese beim Durchlaufen industrieller Fertigungsanlagen bzw. Fertigungsmaschinen zum Spleißen. Die mineralische Faser reibt sich also an Umlenkungen, Ösen und sonstigen Führungen auf und erleidet partielle Brüche. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ummantelung mit der biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser wird die mineralische Faser vor einem solchen Spleißen geschützt, so dass diese weitgehend verlustfrei und ohne Schädigungen und darüber hinaus auch in prinzipiell größerer Fertigungsgeschwindigkeit verarbeitet werden kann, da die mineralische Faser selbst nicht in Kontakt zu den Führungselementen tritt. Die für die Ummantelung genutzten biologisch abbaubaren bzw. kompostierbaren Materialien bzw. die biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfasern erleiden aufgrund signifikant höherer Duktilität und Geschmeidigkeit keine solchen Schäden. Zudem wird, wie bereits aufgeführt, die Biegung der mineralischen Faser beim Aufliegen auf den Umlenkungen, Ösen und sonstigen Führungen durch die Ummantelung begrenzt, so dass sich auch bei der Fertigung weniger Brüche ergeben.Advantageously, an improvement in the manufacturing process is also achieved. Due to the brittleness of the mineral fiber, it tends to splice when passing through industrial production plants or production machines. The mineral fiber rubs against deflections, eyelets and other guides and suffers partial breaks. With the sheathing according to the invention with the biodegradable sheath fiber, the mineral fiber is protected from such splicing, so that it can be processed largely loss-free and without damage and, in principle, at a higher production speed, since the mineral fiber itself is not in contact with the guide elements occurs. The biodegradable or compostable materials used for the sheathing or the biodegradable sheath fibers do not suffer due to their significantly higher ductility and suppleness such damage. In addition, as already mentioned, the bending of the mineral fiber when it rests on the deflections, eyelets and other guides is limited by the sheathing, so that fewer breaks occur during manufacture.

Nicht zuletzt kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Ummantelung erreicht werden, dass der Abrieb der innenliegenden mineralischen Fasern auf ein Minimum reduziert wird. Da die mineralische Faser ein sehr abrasionsanfälliges Material aufweist und die Befüllung eines Containers mit einer nicht ummantelten Umhüllung mit teils scharfkantigen Steinen, sowie das darauf folgende Handling des gefüllten Containers zu Beschädigungen der Umhüllung führen können, bietet eine mit einer gegenüber Abrasion weniger anfälligen biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfaser ummantelte Umhüllung eine signifikant erhöhte Handlingsfestigkeit.Last but not least, the sheathing according to the invention can ensure that the abrasion of the mineral fibers lying on the inside is reduced to a minimum. Since the mineral fiber is a material that is very susceptible to abrasion and the filling of a container with an uncovered cover with partly sharp-edged stones, as well as the subsequent handling of the filled container can lead to damage to the cover, one with a biodegradable fiber jacket that is less susceptible to abrasion offers jacketed cover significantly increased handling strength.

In dem erfindungsgemäßen Container umschließt die ummantelte Umhüllung des Containers die Füllung, vorzugsweise eine feste Füllung, die ebenfalls naturverträglich bzw. umweltverträglich ist, vollständig. Dies bedeutet, dass die Umhüllung in dem erfindungsgemäßen Container im verschlossenen Zustand keine Öffnung aufweist, durch die die Füllung aus dem Container gelangen kann. Die Umhüllung kann beispielsweise durch Vernähen, Verknoten, Verspleißen oder sonstige für Textilien geeignete Fügeverfahren einer einzelnen mineralischen Faser bzw. eines einzelnen Garns oder durch Zusammennähen, -knoten, -spleißen oder -fügen von zwei verschiedenen mineralischen Fasern bzw. Garnen, o.ä. erreicht werden. Hierbei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Nähte oder sonstigen Verbindungen zumindest 80% der Festigkeit der mineralischen Faser bzw. des Garns aufweisen, um die Zugfestigkeit bzw. die allgemeine mechanische Belastbarkeit des Containers nicht maßgeblich zu beeinträchtigen.In the container according to the invention, the jacketed envelope of the container completely encloses the filling, preferably a solid filling which is also nature-friendly or environmentally friendly. This means that the casing in the container according to the invention does not have an opening in the closed state through which the filling can get out of the container. The covering can be made, for example, by sewing, knotting, splicing or other joining methods suitable for textiles of a single mineral fiber or a single yarn or by sewing, knotting, splicing or joining two different mineral fibers or yarns, or the like. can be achieved. It is preferably provided here that the seams or other connections have at least 80% of the strength of the mineral fiber or the yarn in order not to significantly impair the tensile strength or the general mechanical load-bearing capacity of the container.

Der Container bzw. die Umhüllung können dabei beispielsweise in Form einer dünnen Matte oder Bahn vorliegen. Ebenfalls kann eine Matratzenform mit einer Dicke von vorzugsweise bis zu 80 cm vorgesehen sein. In dieser Ausgestaltung kann der Container zum Schutz gegen mechanische Einwirkungen oder Erosion und für undurchlässige Auskleidungen verwendet werden. Ebenso kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Umhüllung in Form eines horizontalen oder vertikalen Schlauchs vorliegt. Dies kann durch Verbinden der Längskanten der Umhüllung des Containers erfolgen. Die offenen Enden des Schlauches können dabei vorzugsweise durch Vernähen, Verkleben, Verknoten, Verspleißen oder auf jede andere geeignete Art und Weise verschlossen werden, um die Füllung in der Umhüllung zu halten.The container or the envelope can be in the form of a thin mat or sheet, for example. A mattress shape with a thickness of preferably up to 80 cm can also be provided. In this embodiment, the container can be used for protection against mechanical effects or erosion and for impermeable linings. It can also be provided that the sheath is in the form of a horizontal or vertical tube. This can be done by joining the longitudinal edges of the envelope of the container. The open ends of the tube can preferably be closed by sewing, gluing, knotting, splicing or in any other suitable manner in order to hold the filling in the envelope.

In einer solchen Ausführungsform kann der Container als Speicherbehälter, als Sperre, zum Deponieren von Steinen oder Geröll oder als Damm- bzw. Deichkern verwendet werden. Ein Container, der eine Umhüllung mit einer vertikalen Schlauchform aufweist, kann für die Bodenverbesserung oder als Vertikaldrän verwendet werden. Ebenso kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Umhüllung allgemein in Form eines Sacks vorliegt. Derartige Säcke können für den Hochwasserschutz, für Kolkschutz und -reparatur oder im Böschungsbau eingesetzt werden. Ebenso wird ein Einsatz in Form von Gabionen oder in künstlichen Riffen ermöglicht.In such an embodiment, the container can be used as a storage container, as a barrier, for depositing stones or rubble or as a dam or dike core. A container that has a wrap with a vertical tubular shape can be used for soil improvement or as a vertical drain. It can also be provided that the envelope is generally in the form of a sack. Such sacks can be used for flood protection, for scour protection and repair or for building embankments. It can also be used in the form of gabions or in artificial reefs.

In Form eines Netzes können Steine oder Gesteinsbrocken im Inneren der Umhüllung gehalten werden, so dass der Container als Filter verwendet werden kann. Die Maschen des Netzes sind dann derartig gewählt, dass die Steine nicht durch diese hindurch gelangen können und damit dauerhaft im Inneren der Umhüllung gehalten werden können. In dieser Ausführungsform wird ein Container bereitgestellt, dessen Eigenschaften maßgeblich durch die Beschaffenheit der Füllung bestimmt sind, wobei dadurch eine bestimmte Filterwirkung erreicht werden kann. Ein derartiges mit Steinen befülltes Netz kann beispielsweise als Schutz oder Beschwerung eines Objektes dienen, beispielsweise unter Wasser. Weiterhin kann der befüllte netzartige Container zur Begradigung verwendet werden, um beispielsweise Rohre oder Kabel auf einem ursprünglich unebenen Untergrund zu verlegen.In the form of a net, stones or boulders can be held inside the envelope so that the container can be used as a filter. The meshes of the net are then selected in such a way that the stones cannot pass through them and can thus be held permanently inside the casing. In this embodiment, a container is provided, the properties of which are largely determined by the nature of the filling, whereby a certain filter effect can be achieved as a result. Such a net filled with stones can serve as protection or weighting of an object, for example. for example under water. Furthermore, the filled net-like container can be used for straightening, for example to lay pipes or cables on an originally uneven surface.

Die Füllung des Containers ist vorzugsweise auf die Durchlässigkeit der Umhüllung abgestimmt. Im Wasserbau erhöht sich zudem die Stabilität eines Containers, je schneller das Wasser daraus drainieren kann, wobei die Durchlässigkeit der Umhüllung vorzugsweise mindestens 10 Mal größer ist als die Durchlässigkeit der Füllung des Containers.The filling of the container is preferably matched to the permeability of the envelope. In hydraulic engineering, the stability of a container increases the faster the water can drain from it, the permeability of the casing preferably being at least 10 times greater than the permeability of the filling of the container.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die mineralische Faser des Kerns eine Basaltfaser, eine Glasfaser, eine Kohlenstofffaser ist oder Mischungen derselben aufweist. Diese zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Festigkeit bzw. Zugfestigkeit aus, so dass bei Verwendung dieser Materialien im Garn-Kern ein hoch belastbarer Container bereitgestellt werden kann. Die hohe Zugfestigkeit lässt sich insbesondere dann erreichen, wenn die mineralische Faser eine Endlosfaser, d.h. eine nicht erstverdrehte Faser, bzw. ein textiles Filament ist, so dass sich die Belastungen auf die gesamte Längsausdehnung der mineralischen Faser verteilen können.It is preferably also provided that the mineral fiber of the core is a basalt fiber, a glass fiber, a carbon fiber or has mixtures thereof. These are characterized by high strength or tensile strength, so that when these materials are used in the yarn core, a highly resilient container can be provided. The high tensile strength can be achieved in particular if the mineral fiber is a continuous fiber, i.e. a fiber that is not twisted first, or a textile filament, so that the loads can be distributed over the entire longitudinal extent of the mineral fiber.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass der Mantel als biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser eine Naturfaser, wie Kokos, Jute, Hanf, Baumwolle oder Flachs, und/oder eine biologisch abbaubare Kunststofffaser, wie ein kompostierbares Polymer, oder Mischungen derselben aufweist. Dadurch werden sehr feste Naturfasern für die Ummantelung verwendet. Jute ist beispielsweise eine der stärksten Naturfasern, die zudem gut verarbeitet werden kann, so dass ein einfacher Herstellungsprozess und eine gute mechanische Belastbarkeit gewährleistet werden kann. Baumwolle ist ebenfalls sehr strapazierfähig und zudem in nasser Umgebung reißfest und langlebig. Kokosfasern können sich verkrallen und damit für eine bessere Stapelbarkeit bei hoher Lagestabilität der Container untereinander sorgen. Weiterhin sind Kokosfasern gleichbleibend elastisch und weisen eine hohe schall- und wärmedämmende Wirkung auf. Weiterhin sind Kokosfasern unempfindlich gegen Feuchtigkeit und weisen eine hohe Scheuerfestigkeit und Reißfestigkeit auf. Gegen Mottenfraß sind sie unempfindlich.It is also preferably provided that the jacket has a natural fiber, such as coconut, jute, hemp, cotton or flax, and / or a biodegradable plastic fiber, such as a compostable polymer, or mixtures thereof as the biodegradable jacket fiber. This means that very strong natural fibers are used for the sheathing. Jute, for example, is one of the strongest natural fibers that can also be easily processed, so that a simple manufacturing process and good mechanical strength can be guaranteed. Cotton is also very hard-wearing and also tear-resistant and durable in a wet environment. Coconut fibers can claw each other and thus for better stackability at high Ensure that the containers are stable in relation to one another. Furthermore, coconut fibers are consistently elastic and have a high sound and heat insulating effect. Furthermore, coconut fibers are insensitive to moisture and have a high level of abrasion resistance and tear resistance. They are insensitive to moth damage.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass zumindest die mineralische Faser seewasserbeständig ist. Darunter ist zu verstehen, dass diese aus einem weitestgehend seewasserbeständigen Material gefertigt ist und daher nur in geringem Umfang durch Seewasser angegriffen werden, wenn sie in der Umgebung von Seewasser verwendet werden. Die Seewasserbeständigkeit kann dabei beispielsweise nach den DIN-Normen DIN53739 oder DIN53521 quantifiziert werden, wobei für die biologisch abbaubaren Mantelfasern und/oder die mineralischen Fasern unter Umständen anstelle der in den DIN-Normen genannten Materialien andere Materialien eingesetzt werden, die in den DIN-Normen festgelegten Prüfungsbedingungen aber gleichbleiben. Eine Seewasserbeständigkeit wird also bereits dann erreicht, wenn die in den DIN-Normen angegebenen Ziele erreicht werden.It is also preferably provided that at least the mineral fiber is seawater-resistant. This means that it is made of a largely seawater-resistant material and is therefore only attacked to a small extent by seawater if it is used in the vicinity of seawater. The seawater resistance can be quantified, for example, according to the DIN standards DIN53739 or DIN53521, in which case, instead of the materials specified in the DIN standards, other materials may be used for the biodegradable sheath fibers and / or the mineral fibers, which are in the DIN standards The specified examination conditions remain the same. Seawater resistance is already achieved when the goals specified in the DIN standards are achieved.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass der Container samt Füllung ein Gesamtgewicht von mindestens 100 kg, insbesondere mindestens 1000 kg aufweist, beispielsweise bis zu 12 t und/oder der Container ein Fassungsvermögen von 0,5 bis 10 m3 aufweist. Durch ein solches Gewicht kann ein Container bereitgestellt werden, der bei einer Verwendung im Wasser nicht wegdriften und auch seine Form beibehalten kann. Aber auch zu Land kann die Standsicherheit eines solchen Containers mit einem derartigen Füllgewicht sichergestellt werden.It is preferably also provided that the container including the filling has a total weight of at least 100 kg, in particular at least 1000 kg, for example up to 12 t and / or the container has a capacity of 0.5 to 10 m 3 . Such a weight can provide a container which cannot drift away when used in the water and which can also maintain its shape. But the stability of such a container with such a filling weight can also be ensured on land.

Allgemein können die Größe und das Gewicht des Containers in Abhängigkeit des Verwendungszweckes variieren, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit des zu begradigenden Untergrundes oder des zu schützenden Objektes.In general, the size and weight of the container can vary depending on the intended use, for example depending on the subsurface to be straightened or the object to be protected.

Vorzugsweise kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass das ummantelte Garn eine Dicke von zumindest 4,5 mm und/oder ein Flächengewicht von mindestens 500 g/m2 aufweist. Durch eine solche Dicke bzw. ein solches Flächengewicht kann vorteilhafterweise eine besonders gute mechanische Festigkeit bzw. Robustheit und Filterstabilität des Containers erreicht werden. Insbesondere können die Robustheit und die mechanische Festigkeit an eine im Bereich von Küsten vorherrschende hydrodynamische Umgebungsbelastung angepasst werden.It can preferably also be provided that the sheathed yarn has a thickness of at least 4.5 mm and / or a weight per unit area of at least 500 g / m 2 . A particularly good mechanical strength or robustness and filter stability of the container can advantageously be achieved by means of such a thickness or such a weight per unit area. In particular, the robustness and the mechanical strength can be adapted to a hydrodynamic environmental load prevailing in the area of coasts.

Vorzugsweise ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass das Garn der Umhüllung eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 30 kN/m aufweist. Dadurch ist der Container auf die wirkende Belastung auf die Umhüllung, insbesondere auch beim maschinellen Transport oder bei normaler Verwendung, geeignet. Vorzugsweise kann außerdem vorgesehen sein, dass das Garn, d.h. die mineralische Faser und/oder die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser, ein UV-beständiges Material ist. Damit kann die Langzeitbeständigkeit erhöht werden, insbesondere bei einer hoher UV-Belastung im Bereich von Küsten.It is preferably also provided that the yarn of the sheath has a tensile strength of at least 30 kN / m. As a result, the container is suitable for the load acting on the envelope, in particular also during machine transport or during normal use. It can also preferably be provided that the yarn, i.e. the mineral fiber and / or the biodegradable sheath fiber, is a UV-resistant material. This can increase the long-term resistance, especially in the case of high UV exposure in the area of coasts.

Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, dass die Füllung des Containers Sand und/oder Beton umfasst. Dadurch kann ein flexibler und anpassungsfähiger Container bereitgestellt werden, dessen Umhüllung engmaschiger zu fertigen ist, um das Austreten der Füllung zu vermeiden. Dazu kann beispielsweise Sand mit einer Dichte von 1,4 bis 2,0 g/cm3 verwendet werden, wodurch eine besonders gute Stabilität der Containerstruktur erreicht werden kann.It is preferably provided that the filling of the container comprises sand and / or concrete. As a result, a flexible and adaptable container can be provided, the casing of which has to be made more closely meshed in order to prevent the filling from escaping. For this purpose, for example, sand with a density of 1.4 to 2.0 g / cm 3 can be used, whereby a particularly good stability of the container structure can be achieved.

Vorzugsweise kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass Garn der Umhüllung in Form eines Vlieses, Gewebes, Geleges, Gewirkes oder Gestrickes zusammengefügt ist, um die mit Sand und/oder Beton gefüllte Umhüllung auszubilden. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ummantelung des Garns sind Knüpfungspunkte und Knotenpunkte der jeweiligen textilen Struktur der Umhüllung besonders gut vor Brüchen bei hoher mechanischer Belastung geschützt.It can preferably also be provided that the yarn of the sheath is joined together in the form of a fleece, woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or knitted fabric in order to form the sheath filled with sand and / or concrete. Because of the sheathing of the yarn according to the invention, knot points and nodal points of the respective textile structure are the Casing is particularly well protected against breakage under high mechanical stress.

Vorzugsweise kann außerdem vorgesehen sein, dass das Garn in Form eines Netzes zusammengefügt, insbesondere zusammengeknüpft ist, zum Ausbilden der Umhüllung. Damit kann ein Filter insbesondere für den Wasserbau bereitgestellt werden, wobei die netzförmige Umhüllung dann als Füllung vorzugsweise Steine o.ä. umfasst, wobei die Steine einen Durchmesser haben, der größer ist als die Öffnungen bzw. die Maschen des durch das Garn ausgebildeten Netzes (Umhüllung). Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ummantelung des Garns sind Knüpfungspunkte und Knotenpunkte des Netztes besonders gut vor Brüchen bei hoher mechanischer Belastung sowie auch durch anliegende spitze Steine geschützt.Preferably, it can also be provided that the yarn is joined together, in particular knotted together, in the form of a network, in order to form the sheath. In this way, a filter can be provided, in particular for hydraulic engineering, the net-like covering then preferably comprising stones or the like as a filling, the stones having a diameter that is larger than the openings or the meshes of the net formed by the yarn ( Wrapping). Because of the sheathing of the yarn according to the invention, the knot and knot points of the net are particularly well protected from breakage in the event of high mechanical stress and also from adjacent sharp stones.

Erfindungsgemäß ist weiterhin eine Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Containers im Wasserbau und/oder Küstenschutz, im Tiefbau, insbesondere im Straßenbau, oder als Filter vorgesehen.According to the invention, use of the container according to the invention in hydraulic engineering and / or coastal protection, in civil engineering, in particular in road construction, or as a filter is provided.

Unter Wasserbau werden hierbei Maßnahmen, technische Eingriffe und Bauten im Bereich des Grundwassers, der Oberflächengewässer und der Meeresküsten verstanden. Der Küstenschutz beinhaltet insbesondere den Hochwasserschutz. Die Verwendung im Küstenschutz umfasst insbesondere auch die Verwendung unter Tideeinfluss bzw. unter Seegangsbedingungen. Auch eine Verwendung im Deichbau, beim Schutz von Wasserstraßen, Kolkschutz, bei der Fixierung von Leitungen (Kabel, Rohre, etc.), bei der Fixierung von Gas- bzw. Stromleitungen und im Fundamentschutz kann vorgesehen sein. Im Tiefbau können derartige Container zum Trennen, Drainagieren, Filtern, Bewehren oder zum Korrosionsschutz verwendet werden. Insbesondere können derartige Container in Offshore-Windparks, o.ä. eingesetzt werden, um beispielsweise Fundamente von Windkraftanlagen zu schützen bzw. den Untergrund zu diesen zu begradigen, um die Leitungswege zu optimieren.Hydraulic engineering is understood here to mean measures, technical interventions and structures in the area of groundwater, surface water and the sea coasts. Coastal protection includes, in particular, flood protection. Use in coastal protection also includes, in particular, use under the influence of tides or under sea conditions. It can also be used in dike construction, for protecting waterways, scour protection, for fixing lines (cables, pipes, etc.), for fixing gas or power lines and for protecting foundations. In civil engineering, such containers can be used for separating, draining, filtering, reinforcing or for corrosion protection. In particular, such containers can be used in offshore wind farms or the like, for example to protect or protect the foundations of wind turbines. to straighten the subsurface to these in order to optimize the cable routes.

Aufgrund ihrer Filterwirkung können derartige Container bei einer entsprechenden Auswahl der Füllung auch als Filter verwendet werden. Dabei kann vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, dass der Container in Kontakt mit einem Untergrund gebracht wird, der Partikel mit einer bestimmten mittleren Partikelgröße aufweist. Die Öffnungsweite des Containers kann an diese mittlere Partikelgröße angepasst werden, um den Container auf die hydrodynamischen Belastungen und die typischerweise vorkommenden Fein- und Mittelsande an Küsten abzustimmen.Due to their filter effect, such containers can also be used as filters if the filling is appropriate. It can preferably be provided that the container is brought into contact with a substrate which has particles with a certain mean particle size. The opening width of the container can be adapted to this mean particle size in order to adapt the container to the hydrodynamic loads and the fine and medium sands that typically occur on coasts.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von mehreren Ausführungsvarianten näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1a, 1b
schematische Ansichten eines Containers in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen; und
Fig. 2
ein Garn der Umhüllung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several design variants. Show it:
Figures 1a, 1b
schematic views of a container in different embodiments; and
Fig. 2
a yarn of the sheath in a perspective view.

In Fig. 1a ist ein netzförmiger Container 1 zur Aufnahme von größeren Steinen als Füllung 2 und in Fig. 1b ein sackförmiger Container 1 zur Aufnahme von Sand und/oder Beton als Füllung 2 gezeigt. Neben diesen beispielhaft dargestellten Containern 1 können auch weitere Formen und textile Strukturen des Container 1 vorgesehen sein, wobei diese im Wesentlichen durch eine Umhüllung 3 des Containers 1 vorgeben werden.In Fig. 1a is a net-shaped container 1 for holding larger stones than filling 2 and in Figure 1b a sack-shaped container 1 for receiving sand and / or concrete as filling 2 is shown. In addition to these containers 1 shown by way of example, other shapes and textile structures of the container 1 can also be provided, these being essentially predetermined by an envelope 3 of the container 1.

Die Umhüllung 3 gibt dabei auch vor, welche Füllungen 2 im Inneren des Containers 1 gehalten werden können. So können in grobmaschigen Containern 1 grundsätzlich nur Füllungen 2 aus gröberen Partikeln, beispielsweise Steinen, und in feinmaschigeren Containern 1 auch Füllungen 2 aus feineren Partikeln, beispielsweise Sand, gehalten werden. Die Art des verwendeten Containers 1 ist dabei durch den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck bestimmt, wobei in Abhängigkeit davon die Form bzw. Größe, das Material und die Eigenschaften der Umhüllung 3 und der Füllung 2 festgelegt bzw. angepasst werden können.The casing 3 also specifies which fillings 2 can be kept inside the container 1. Thus, in coarse-meshed containers 1, in principle only fillings 2 made of coarser particles, for example stones, and in fine-meshed containers 1, fillings 2 can also be made finer particles, such as sand, are held. The type of container 1 used is determined by the respective intended use, the shape or size, the material and the properties of the casing 3 and the filling 2 being able to be established or adapted as a function thereof.

Die Umhüllung 3 selbst wird aus einem Garn 4 gefertigt, wobei das Garn 4 umweltverträglich ist. Dabei ist eine biologisch abbaubare Beschichtung aus einem natürlichen und/oder einem biologisch abbaubaren synthetischen Material nicht zwingend vorgesehen, so dass sich die in Fig. 2 dargestellte sich in Längsrichtung X erstreckende textile Struktur des Garns 4 ergibt. Demnach weist das Garn 4 eine endlose mineralische Faser 5 als Kern und eine diese ummantelnde biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser 6 auf, wobei diese als Naturfaser 6a und/oder als biologisch abbaubare Kunststofffaser 6b ausgebildet sein kann. Die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser 6 des Mantels umgibt die mineralische Faser 5 des Kerns zumindest annähernd vollständig in Umfangsrichtung U als auch in Längsrichtung XThe sheath 3 itself is made from a yarn 4, the yarn 4 being environmentally friendly. A biodegradable coating made of a natural and / or a biodegradable synthetic material is not necessarily provided, so that the in Fig. 2 The textile structure of the yarn 4 shown extending in the longitudinal direction X results. Accordingly, the yarn 4 has an endless mineral fiber 5 as a core and a biodegradable sheath fiber 6 enveloping it, which can be designed as a natural fiber 6a and / or as a biodegradable plastic fiber 6b. The biodegradable sheath fiber 6 of the sheath surrounds the mineral fiber 5 of the core at least approximately completely in the circumferential direction U and in the longitudinal direction X

Vorzugsweise ist der Kern bzw. die mineralische Faser 5 eine Endlosfaser (textiles Filament), die sich "endlos" in die Längsrichtung X erstreckt. Zur Herstellung des Garns 4 werden beispielsweise aus einer Steinschmelze (Basaltgestein) in einem Dünnziehverfahren einzelne endlose mineralische Fasern 5 gesponnen. Auf einem Außenumfang 5a der mineralischen Faser 5 wird anschließend die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser 6 in mehreren Wicklungen aufgewickelt oder mit dieser umflochten oder umstrickt oder umwunden oder umwebt, etc., so dass die biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaser 6 die mineralische Faser 5 vollständig umgibt und die mineralische Faser 5 dadurch schützt.The core or the mineral fiber 5 is preferably an endless fiber (textile filament) which extends “endlessly” in the longitudinal direction X. To produce the yarn 4, individual endless mineral fibers 5 are spun, for example, from molten rock (basalt rock) in a thin drawing process. On an outer circumference 5a of the mineral fiber 5, the biodegradable sheath fiber 6 is then wound in several windings or braided or knitted with it or wrapped or woven, etc., so that the biodegradable sheath fiber 6 completely surrounds the mineral fiber 5 and the mineral fiber 5 thereby protects.

Bei dem netzförmigen Container 1 gemäß Fig. 1a wird das in dieser Art hergestellte Garn 4 zusammengeknüpft bzw. an den entsprechenden Stellen verknotet, um eine netzförmige Umhüllung 3 herzustellen. Bei dem sackförmigen Container 1 gemäß Fig. 1b wird das hergestellte Garn 4 in Form eines Vlieses, Gewebes, Geleges, Gewirkes oder Gestrickes zu einer sackförmigen Umhüllung 3 zusammengefügt. Anschließend wird die Füllung 2 eingebracht und der Container 1 verschlossen.In the case of the net-shaped container 1 according to FIG Fig. 1a the yarn 4 produced in this way is knotted together or at the appropriate points knotted to produce a reticulated covering 3. In the case of the sack-shaped container 1 according to FIG Figure 1b the yarn 4 produced is joined together in the form of a fleece, woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric or knitted fabric to form a sack-shaped envelope 3. The filling 2 is then introduced and the container 1 is closed.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
ContainerContainer
22
Füllungfilling
33
UmhüllungWrapping
44th
ummanteltes Garncovered yarn
55
mineralische Fasermineral fiber
5a5a
Außenumfang der mineralischen FaserOuter circumference of the mineral fiber
66th
biologisch abbaubare Mantelfaserbiodegradable sheath fiber
6a6a
NaturfaserNatural fiber
6b6b
biologisch abbaubare Kunststofffaserbiodegradable plastic fiber
XX
LängsrichtungLongitudinal direction
UU
UmfangsrichtungCircumferential direction

Claims (14)

  1. Container (1) having a covering (3), wherein the covering (3) encloses a filling (2), wherein the covering (3) is made from a yarn (4), wherein the yarn (4) has a core and a sheath that at least partially encloses this, wherein the core comprises a mineral fibre (5), extending in the longitudinal direction (X) of the yarn (4), characterised in that
    the sheath comprises at least one biodegradable sheath fibre (6), wherein the mineral fibre (5) of the at least one biodegradable sheath fibre (6) is sheathed at least in some areas, wherein between the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) and the mineral fibre (5) no bonded connection is formed and/or the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) rests upon the mineral fibre (5) without being bonded thereto.
  2. Container (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the mineral fibre (5) of the core and/or the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) of the sheath are uncoated or the yarn (4) and/or the covering (3) comprises a biodegradable coating, preferably of natural latex, natural rubber, wollastonite, a compostable polymer, or mixtures of these.
  3. Container (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the mineral fibre (5) of the core is a basalt fibre, a glass fibre, or a carbon fibre, or mixtures of these.
  4. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mineral fibre (5) of the core is a continuous filament extending in the longitudinal direction (X).
  5. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) fully surrounds the mineral fibre (5) in the longitudinal direction (X) and in the circumferential direction (U).
  6. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one biodegradable sheath fibre (6) rests on an outer circumference (5a) of the mineral fibre (5), wherein the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) is wound on the core in a plurality of windings and/or the core is covered by a plurality of sheath fibres (6) by mechanical wrapping and/or the core is braided with a plurality of sheath fibres (6) by twisting these about one another, so that the mineral fibre (5) is covered by the biodegradable sheath fibre (6) preferably over the full longitudinal extension of the mineral fibre (5).
  7. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sheath, being a biodegradable sheath fibre (6), comprises a natural fibre (6a), such as coconut, jute, hemp, cotton or flax, or a biodegradable synthetic fibre (6b), such as a compostable polymer, or mixtures of these.
  8. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least the mineral fibres (5) are seawater resistant.
  9. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the container (1) and filling (2) have a total weight of at least 100 kg, in particular at least 1,000 kg, and/or the Container (1) has a load capacity of between 0.5 and 10 m3.
  10. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sheathed yarn (4) has a thickness of at least 4.5 mm and/or a weight per unit area of at least 500 g/m2.
  11. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the yarn (4) of the covering (3) has a tensile strength of at least 30 kN/m.
  12. Container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the yarn (4) is assembled in the form of a non-woven material, woven material, laid web, knitted or crocheted fabric, to form the covering (3) or the yarn (4) in the form of a mesh, in particular knitted together to form a meshed covering (3).
  13. Container (1) according to claim 12, characterised in that the filling (2) comprises stones, wherein the stones have a diameter, that is greater than the openings of the mesh formed by the yarn (4), or the filling (2) of the container (1) comprises sand and/or cement.
  14. Use of a container (1) according to any one of the preceding claims in hydraulic engineering and/or coastal protection, in underground engineering, in particular in road construction, or as a filter.
EP19182617.1A 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same Active EP3757295B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES19182617T ES2893465T3 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and its use
EP19182617.1A EP3757295B1 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same
PL19182617T PL3757295T3 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same
DK19182617.1T DK3757295T3 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 CONTAINER AND USE OF SAME
PT191826171T PT3757295T (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same
TW109121477A TWI787625B (en) 2019-06-26 2020-06-24 Container and use thereof
US16/911,608 US20200407117A1 (en) 2019-06-26 2020-06-25 Container and use thereof
CN202010596899.3A CN112144471A (en) 2019-06-26 2020-06-28 Container and use thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19182617.1A EP3757295B1 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3757295A1 EP3757295A1 (en) 2020-12-30
EP3757295B1 true EP3757295B1 (en) 2021-09-01

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19182617.1A Active EP3757295B1 (en) 2019-06-26 2019-06-26 Container and use of the same

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Country Link
US (1) US20200407117A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3757295B1 (en)
CN (1) CN112144471A (en)
DK (1) DK3757295T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2893465T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3757295T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3757295T (en)
TW (1) TWI787625B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021150739A1 (en) * 2020-01-21 2021-07-29 Conwed Plastics Acquisitions Company V Llc Devices, systems and methods for erosion control
IT202100016835A1 (en) 2021-06-28 2022-12-28 De Agostini Sabrina PACKAGING SUITABLE FOR THE CONTAINMENT AND PRESERVATION OF SOLID FUEL AND RELATED PRODUCTION PROCESS

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2335644A (en) * 1942-05-27 1943-11-30 Clark Thread Co Composite strand material
DE1535581A1 (en) * 1966-03-09 1970-10-29 Golze Werner Method and device for the production of woven, knitted or crocheted fabrics
US5568719A (en) * 1992-06-11 1996-10-29 Prospin Industries, Inc. Composite yarn including a staple fiber covering a filament yarn component and confining the filament yarn component to a second thickness that is less than a first thickness of the filament in a relaxed state and a process for producing the same
US7160612B2 (en) * 2000-09-21 2007-01-09 Outlast Technologies, Inc. Multi-component fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of manufacturing thereof
US20050252861A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-11-17 Chitsan Lin Apparatus and method for oil spill recovery
US20050287343A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-12-29 Weiser Sidney M Pyramidal fabrics having multi-lobe filament yarns and method for erosion control
EP2213777A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-04 Concrete Canvas Limited Impregnated cloth
EP3327201B1 (en) 2016-11-25 2020-04-08 DS Chemie Holding GmbH Container and use of the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3757295T (en) 2021-09-30
US20200407117A1 (en) 2020-12-31
TWI787625B (en) 2022-12-21
TW202111188A (en) 2021-03-16
PL3757295T3 (en) 2021-12-20
CN112144471A (en) 2020-12-29
EP3757295A1 (en) 2020-12-30
DK3757295T3 (en) 2021-10-11
ES2893465T3 (en) 2022-02-09

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