EP3751967A1 - Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3751967A1
EP3751967A1 EP19180192.7A EP19180192A EP3751967A1 EP 3751967 A1 EP3751967 A1 EP 3751967A1 EP 19180192 A EP19180192 A EP 19180192A EP 3751967 A1 EP3751967 A1 EP 3751967A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
arc
cathode
plasma torch
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19180192.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alen MEHIC
Andreas Leonhartsberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fronius International GmbH
Original Assignee
Fronius International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fronius International GmbH filed Critical Fronius International GmbH
Priority to EP19180192.7A priority Critical patent/EP3751967A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2020/066042 priority patent/WO2020249595A1/fr
Publication of EP3751967A1 publication Critical patent/EP3751967A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3405—Arrangements for stabilising or constricting the arc, e.g. by an additional gas flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating the surface of workpieces with the aid of a plasma jet under atmospheric pressure, with an arc between the free end of a cathode of a plasma torch and an anode designed as a nozzle with an opening by applying a current between the free end of the cathode and the Anode is generated, and a process gas is flowed into the nozzle, and by excitation of the process gas by the arc, the plasma jet is formed, which is guided over the surface of the workpiece to be processed.
  • the invention further relates to a plasma torch for generating a plasma jet under atmospheric pressure for processing the surface of workpieces, with a cathode with a free end and an anode designed as a nozzle with an opening, which is connected to a power source for applying a current to form an arc between the free end of the cathode and the anode are connected, and with a feed line for the inflow of a process gas into the nozzle.
  • a special process gas for example conditioned air, N 2 , He, Ar
  • This plasma is guided via a nozzle onto the surface of the workpiece to be treated, while the plasma torch is moved over the surface of the workpiece at a defined distance and speed.
  • quenching mixing in of the air molecules by turbulent currents
  • the arc of the plasma torch burns between the cathode and the anode, which is designed as a nozzle, in this case what is known as "non-transmitted arc operation".
  • Such plasma torches which are operated with a non-transferring arc (pilot arc), can be used in a suitable manner for surface treatments.
  • Process gas flowing past is converted into a plasma state by means of an arc.
  • a plasma flame is formed in the area of the nozzle of the plasma torch. This flame can be used specifically for surface treatment. Possible applications are, for example, the removal of organic contaminants such as oil residues and dry lubricants.
  • This process basically has two mechanisms of action. On the one hand the plasma activation and on the other hand the thermal effect of the hot plasma jet. The focus here is on the latter. Due to the high potential temperatures, processes such as preheating, reheating, softening and melting of coatings can also be implemented.
  • an electric arc between a negatively polarized cathode and a positively polarized anode, which is designed as a nozzle, is ignited via a power source.
  • the plasma-capable medium or the process gas is led to the plasma torch via a corresponding line and the plasma is generated there by the arc.
  • the plasma jet emerges from the nozzle without current, where it can be used to process the surface of workpieces due to the high energy density.
  • a major disadvantage of conventional methods for treating the surface of workpieces with the aid of a plasma jet and conventional plasma torches for carrying out such a method is the rapid wear and tear of components, in particular the nozzle, the cathode, but also the insulating sleeve between the cathode and anode, as well as the Clamping sleeve for the cathode, the plasma torch and the resulting short service life. It is usually necessary to replace the nozzle after about an hour of operation. This means an interruption in the machining process and time and costs for changing the nozzle.
  • the object of the present invention is to create an above-mentioned method for treating the surface of workpieces with the aid of a plasma jet under atmospheric pressure and a plasma torch for carrying out such a method, whereby optimal machining can be guaranteed over longer periods of time without wearing parts, in particular the nozzle of the plasma torch must be replaced after a short processing time. Disadvantages of the prior art are to be prevented or at least reduced.
  • the object according to the invention is achieved in that the process gas flows into the nozzle via at least one spiral gas channel, and thereby the arc rotates around the free end of the cathode in the anode designed as a nozzle. Due to the forced rotation of the relatively short arc within the anode, which is designed as a nozzle, the arc cannot remain locally at one point on the nozzle and rotates constantly around the opening of the nozzle. By preventing the arc from persisting at one point on the anode, customary local temperature increases, which would lead to thermal material damage within a short time, can be prevented.
  • the constant rotation of the arc around the opening of the anode which is designed as a nozzle, results in a uniform distribution of heat, which leads to a significant increase the service life of the nozzle, but also other wear parts, such as a clamping sleeve of the cathode or an insulating sleeve made of ceramic material arranged between the cathode and anode.
  • Applications have shown an increase in the life of the nozzle from 1 hour to more than 24 hours.
  • the rotation of the process gas is achieved in a simple manner by the spiral inflow of the process gas through corresponding channels.
  • the rotation of the arc can also reduce the noise level during the machining process.
  • By appropriately designing the at least one spiral gas channel it is possible to influence the speed of rotation of the arc and thus influence the noise level during the surface treatment of the workpiece.
  • the arc is preferably generated by direct current with a current strength between 10 and 500 A, preferably between 35 and 200 A.
  • the voltage for generating the arc is usually in the range between 10 V and 30 V.
  • the current is pulsed with a pulse frequency between 1 Hz and 40 kHz.
  • the pulse frequency of the current for generating the arc
  • the noise of the plasma torch can be further reduced during the surface treatment by placing the pulse frequency in a range of approximately less than 2 kHz or approximately greater than 15 kHz.
  • the arc can be generated by rectangular or sinusoidal current pulses or current pulses with smoothed edges. Sinusoidal pulse shapes or other pulse shapes with ground edges also cause reduced noise when the arc is generated.
  • Argon for example, can be used as the process gas. Also the use of compressed air is possible, which of course has advantages in terms of availability and costs.
  • the process gas flows into the nozzle with a flow rate between 5 l / min and 30 l / min, preferably between 7 l / min and 20 l / min.
  • a flow rate between 5 l / min and 30 l / min, preferably between 7 l / min and 20 l / min.
  • the arc can rotate at a rotational speed between 500 rpm and 3,000,000 rpm, preferably between 100,000 rpm and 300,000 rpm.
  • the speed of rotation is influenced by the design of the at least one spiral gas channel for the process gas, the flow rate of the process gas, but also the pulse frequency of the current for generating the arc.
  • the nozzle is cooled, preferably with a cooling liquid, such as cooling water with appropriate additives.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a plasma torch mentioned above, the feed line for the process gas opening into at least one spiral gas channel between the cathode and the nozzle, so that the arc rotates around the free end of the cathode in the anode designed as a nozzle.
  • the advantages associated therewith in particular the increase in the service life of the plasma torch, reference is made to the above description of the method for machining surfaces of workpieces.
  • this relatively simple and inexpensive structural measure can significantly reduce wear, in particular the nozzle of the plasma torch, but also a clamping sleeve for the cathode and an insulating sleeve between the cathode and anode, and significantly increase the service life.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel can be arranged on the cathode, a clamping sleeve for the cathode, on an insulating sleeve between the cathode and anode and / or on the inside of the anode.
  • the cathode is arranged in a clamping sleeve formed at least partially from electrically conductive material, preferably metal, and the at least one spiral gas channel is integrated on the jacket of the clamping sleeve.
  • electrically conductive material preferably metal
  • the at least one spiral gas channel is integrated on the jacket of the clamping sleeve.
  • a cylindrical insulating sleeve made of dielectric material, in particular made of ceramic, can be arranged around the clamping sleeve with the at least one spiral gas channel on the jacket.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel can also or additionally be arranged in this insulating sleeve.
  • the arrangement of the at least one spiral gas channel on the ceramic insulating sleeve is more complex than an arrangement on the clamping sleeve of the cathode or the cathode itself, but can bring advantages for certain applications.
  • the opening of the nozzle can be designed to taper discontinuously towards the outside, preferably have a conical section and a preferably cylindrical mouth, wherein within the tapered transition, in particular the transition of the conical section to the cylindrical mouth, an annular edge is formed, along which edge the Arc rotates.
  • the annular edge in the opening of the nozzle supports the stability of the arc and its rotation.
  • a defined surface can be implemented instead of the annular edge.
  • the at least one spiral-shaped gas channel is arranged essentially up to the annular edge of the opening of the nozzle, optimal results can be achieved with regard to the rotation of the arc during operation of the plasma torch.
  • the end of the at least one spiral gas channel is preferably spaced between 0 mm and 15 mm from the annular edge of the nozzle. Such dimensions have proven to be special suitably exposed.
  • a preferably annular cooling channel can be arranged around the nozzle.
  • the plasma nozzle is exposed to the highest temperatures, which is why it is necessary to cool it optimally. Cooling water with any additives is particularly suitable as the cooling medium. Better cooling can increase the service life of the nozzle, but also of other components of the plasma torch, even further.
  • An improved cooling effect can be achieved in that the cooling channel has constrictions, whereby the flow speed of the cooling medium, in particular the cooling liquid, is increased at the constrictions.
  • Such special changes in the cooling cross-section in the plasma torch increase the cooling water flow in the area of the highest temperature effect, which leads to an accelerated removal of the heat in the area of the nozzle.
  • the constrictions are formed, for example, by delimiting the cooling channel on one side by a cylindrical contour and on the other side by a polygonal, in particular hexagonal, contour. This represents a particularly simple implementation option for an annular cooling channel with constrictions arranged therein.
  • the at least one cooling channel is preferably arranged essentially up to the annular edge of the opening of the nozzle.
  • one to six, preferably two to five, spiral gas channels can be arranged in the plasma torch.
  • the height of the area of the at least one spiral gas channel is preferably between 3 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel can have a slope between 5 ° and 80 °, preferably between 10 ° and 60 °.
  • the slope of the at least one gas channel does not necessarily have to be constant, but can also show changes over the course.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel can have a cross section between 0.5 mm 2 and 5 mm 2 , preferably between 0.5 mm 2 and 2 mm 2 .
  • the depth of the at least one spiral gas channel can be between 0.25 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 1 mm.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel can have a width between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic structure of a plasma torch 1 for Generation of a plasma jet P under atmospheric pressure for treating the surface O of workpieces W is shown.
  • the plasma torch 1 has a cathode 2 with a free end 2 ′ and an anode 3 designed as a nozzle 4 with an opening 5.
  • the cathode 2 and the anode 3 are connected to a current source 7 for applying a current I.
  • a suitable current I such as a direct current I DC , or a direct current I DC pulsed with a certain pulse frequency f P with a sufficient current strength or amplitude, an arc L is created between the free end 2 'of the cathode 2 and the anode 3 ignited, for example with a high-frequency ignition.
  • a plasma-capable process gas G for example argon or compressed air, is flowed into the nozzle 4 via a supply line 8, where the excitation with the non-transmitted arc L generates a plasma jet P, which through the opening 5 of the nozzle 4 onto the surface O des workpiece W to be treated is directed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a plasma torch 1 according to the invention.
  • the plasma torch 1 has a cathode 2 with a free end 2 ′ that is clamped in a clamping sleeve 9.
  • An insulating sleeve 10 made of insulating material, in particular ceramic, is arranged around the clamping sleeve 9.
  • the feed line 8 for the process gas G opens into at least one spiral gas channel 6 between the cathode 2 and the nozzle 4, so that the arc L rotates around the free end 2 'of the cathode 2 in the anode 3 designed as a nozzle 4.
  • the arc L rotates, for example, at a rotational speed v r between 500 rpm and 3,000,000 rpm, preferably between 100,000 rpm and 300,000 rpm.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel 6 can be arranged on the outer surface of the cathode 2, the inner or outer surface of the clamping sleeve 9, on the inner or outer surface of the insulating sleeve 10 and / or on the inner side of the anode 3.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel 6 is preferably arranged on the outside of the clamping sleeve 9, since this is the easiest and most cost-effective to manufacture.
  • the clamping sleeve 9 is at least partially made of electrically conductive material, preferably Metal such as brass.
  • a plurality of gas ducts 6 can also be arranged on different components of the plasma torch 1 or offset from one another.
  • the opening 5 of the nozzle 4 is designed to taper discontinuously to the outside, preferably has a conical section 11 and a preferably cylindrical mouth 12, and within the tapered transition, in particular the transition of the conical section 11 to the cylindrical mouth 12, an annular edge 13 is formed, the arc L will burn between the free end 2 'of the cathode 2 and this annular edge 13 and rotate along this annular edge 13.
  • the at least one spiral gas channel 6 preferably extends as far as the annular edge 13 of the opening 5 of the nozzle 4.
  • An annular cooling channel 14, through which a suitable cooling medium, in particular cooling water with appropriate additives, can flow, can be arranged around the nozzle 4 of the plasma torch 1.
  • the at least one cooling channel 14 preferably extends essentially as far as the annular edge 13 of the opening 5 of the nozzle 4 in order to be able to optimally dissipate the heat occurring there (see the schematic sectional view according to FIG Fig. 8 through the plasma torch 1 along the section line VIII - VIII).
  • Fig. 3 shows a possible design of a clamping sleeve 9 for the cathode 2 with a spiral gas channel 6.
  • a plurality of, for example two to five, spiral-shaped gas channels 6 can also be arranged offset.
  • the height h K of the region of the at least one spiral gas channel 6 can be between 3 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm.
  • the slope ⁇ K can be between 5 ° and 80 °, preferably between 10 ° and 60 °. This slope ⁇ K does not necessarily have to be constant over the height h K , but can also have certain changes along the height h K , which can affect the flow of the process gas G and thus the rotation of the arc L.
  • the insulating sleeve 10 is shown, which is pushed along the arrows over the clamping sleeve 9 and causes the insulation to the nozzle 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows the detail IV of the spiral gas channel 6 in the clamping sleeve 9 from Fig. 3 in an enlarged view.
  • the gas channel 6 has a depth t K which can be between 0.25 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 0.3 mm and 1 mm.
  • the width b K of the spiral gas channel 6 can be between 0.5 mm and 4 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 3 mm.
  • the cross section A K of the at least one gas channel 6 is in the range of 0.5 mm 2 and 5 mm 2 , preferably between 0.5 mm 2 and 2 mm 2 .
  • insulating sleeve 10 is shown with a spiral gas channel 6 arranged thereon.
  • the insulating sleeve 10 arranged between the cathode 2 or clamping sleeve 9 and the anode 3 is made of insulating material, in particular ceramic.
  • At least one spiral gas duct 6 is arranged on the outside of the insulating sleeve 10.
  • the gas channel 6 could also be arranged on the inside of the insulating sleeve 10, but this is more complex in terms of production technology.
  • insulating sleeve 10 of a plasma torch 1 with a spiral gas channel 6 arranged thereon is shown.
  • the insulating sleeve 10 is composed of two parts and is made of an electrically insulating material at the upper end and inside and at least partially made of electrically conductive material, for example copper or brass, in the lower section outside.
  • the at least one spiral gas duct 6 is arranged on the outside of this part of the insulating sleeve 10 made of electrically conductive material.
  • a cathode 2 with a pointed free end 2 ' is shown, on the outside of which the spiral-shaped gas channel 6 is formed.
  • the cathode 2 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example tungsten, copper or brass. Furthermore, in Fig. 7 the clamping sleeve 9 is shown, which is pushed along the arrows over the cathode 2.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic sectional view through the plasma torch 1 according to FIG Fig. 2 along the section line VIII-VIII.
  • an annular cooling channel 14 is arranged around the nozzle 4 through which a suitable cooling medium, in particular cooling water with appropriate additives, is directed.
  • the annular cooling channel 14 preferably has constrictions 15. These constrictions 15 can be formed simply by delimiting the cooling channel 14 on one side by a cylindrical contour 16 and on the other side by a polygonal, in particular hexagonal, contour 17.
  • Such special constrictions 15 of the cooling channel 14 in the plasma torch 1 increase the cooling water flow in the area of the highest temperature effect, which leads to an accelerated removal of the heat in the area of the nozzle 4 of the plasma torch 1.
  • Fig. 9 a possible time course of a pulse-shaped current I for generating the arc L.
  • the arc is generated by a pulsed direct current I DC , the pulse frequency f P being selected accordingly. Rectangular pulse shapes with ground or rounded corners are best suited, since this allows the noises when generating the plasma jet P to be minimized.
  • the present invention increases the service life of the wearing parts of the plasma torch 1, in particular the nozzle 4, by forcing a rotation of the arc L between the free end 2 ′ of the cathode and the opening 5 of the anode 3. As a result, surfaces O of workpieces W can be machined for longer without interruption.
  • the structural measures for providing the at least one spiral gas channel 6 can be implemented relatively simply and inexpensively.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
EP19180192.7A 2019-06-14 2019-06-14 Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Withdrawn EP3751967A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19180192.7A EP3751967A1 (fr) 2019-06-14 2019-06-14 Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé
PCT/EP2020/066042 WO2020249595A1 (fr) 2019-06-14 2020-06-10 Procédé de traitement de la surface de pièces à l'aide d'un jet de plasma et torche à plasma pour la mise en œuvre d'un tel procédé

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19180192.7A EP3751967A1 (fr) 2019-06-14 2019-06-14 Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3751967A1 true EP3751967A1 (fr) 2020-12-16

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EP19180192.7A Withdrawn EP3751967A1 (fr) 2019-06-14 2019-06-14 Procédé de traitement de la surface des pièces à l'aide d'un faisceau de plasma et torche à plasma destinée à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

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EP (1) EP3751967A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020249595A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1350055A (fr) * 1962-12-11 1964-01-24 Centre Nat Rech Scient Perfectionnements à l'injection des gaz dans les chalumeaux à plasma
US3171010A (en) * 1962-09-06 1965-02-23 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electric arc torch
US4782210A (en) * 1987-06-26 1988-11-01 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Ridged electrode
EP0986939A1 (fr) 1998-04-03 2000-03-22 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik GmbH Dispositif de traitement de surfaces au plasma
GB2534890A (en) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-10 Edwards Ltd Thermal plasma torch
WO2017194635A1 (fr) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Anil Patel Génération de plasma

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3171010A (en) * 1962-09-06 1965-02-23 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electric arc torch
FR1350055A (fr) * 1962-12-11 1964-01-24 Centre Nat Rech Scient Perfectionnements à l'injection des gaz dans les chalumeaux à plasma
US4782210A (en) * 1987-06-26 1988-11-01 Thermal Dynamics Corporation Ridged electrode
EP0986939A1 (fr) 1998-04-03 2000-03-22 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik GmbH Dispositif de traitement de surfaces au plasma
GB2534890A (en) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-10 Edwards Ltd Thermal plasma torch
WO2017194635A1 (fr) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Anil Patel Génération de plasma

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