EP3746725B1 - Génération de gaz liquéfié dans un accumulateur de gaz - Google Patents

Génération de gaz liquéfié dans un accumulateur de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3746725B1
EP3746725B1 EP19701598.5A EP19701598A EP3746725B1 EP 3746725 B1 EP3746725 B1 EP 3746725B1 EP 19701598 A EP19701598 A EP 19701598A EP 3746725 B1 EP3746725 B1 EP 3746725B1
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Prior art keywords
gas
natural gas
liquefied
stored
natural
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EP19701598.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3746725A1 (fr
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Burkhard Lenth
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Innogy SE
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Innogy SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration

Definitions

  • Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to the production of liquid gas in a gas storage facility.
  • liquid gas is traded as a bridging technology for decarbonization.
  • Liquid gas is mentioned as a possible replacement for diesel fuel, especially in long-distance transport. If liquid gas gains acceptance as an alternative fuel to diesel, for heavy goods traffic or for shipping (especially inland shipping), a technical supply concept would be desirable.
  • the natural gas is converted into liquid natural gas under high pressure and free from impurities.
  • the object of the present subject matter is to provide a solution for being able to produce liquid gas as cost-effectively as possible.
  • a differential pressure of about 55 bar is required to convert natural gas as a feedstock into liquid gas by means of an expansion.
  • This differential pressure is regularly already known as the difference between the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir and a pipeline of a transport network for transporting the natural gas, e.g. B. to consumers present.
  • the existing pressure difference in a gas storage facility is used.
  • the method according to the first aspect can be carried out by a device (for example a device for generating liquid gas).
  • the method according to the first aspect may alternatively be performed by multiple devices, e.g. B. a device for cleaning natural gas and another device for generating liquid gas are carried out together.
  • the one or more Devices are set up according to the invention for executing and/or controlling the method according to the first aspect of the invention or comprise respective means for executing and/or controlling the steps of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the respective devices can correspondingly have respective means for execution and/or control of the steps carried out by the respective device (e.g. device for cleaning natural gas or another device for generating liquid gas).
  • the respective device e.g. device for cleaning natural gas or another device for generating liquid gas.
  • an apparatus arranged to carry out and/or control the method according to the first aspect of the invention or respective means for carrying out and/or controlling the steps of the method is disclosed according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • either all steps of the method can be controlled, or all steps of the method can be carried out, or one or more steps can be controlled and one or more steps can be carried out.
  • One or more of the means can also be executed and/or controlled by the same entity.
  • one or more of the means can be formed by one or more processors.
  • a system which comprises one or more devices which are set up for executing and/or controlling the method according to the first aspect of the invention or means for executing and /or control the steps of the method according to the first aspect of the invention. Either all steps of the Method are controlled, or all steps of the method are executed, or one or more steps are controlled and one or more steps are executed.
  • expansion is understood to mean a relaxation of natural gas, with the natural gas being at least under less pressure after the expansion than before the expansion.
  • liquefied gas is understood to mean in particular liquefied natural gas, also referred to as liquid natural gas (LNG). In particular, this does not include the so-called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is often used by cars, for example. B. can be used as fuel by a corresponding conversion of the vehicle.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • LPG liquefied petroleum gas
  • a “gas storage facility” is understood to mean a natural gas storage facility.
  • Such natural gas reservoirs are in particular large and, according to the invention, underground storage systems with which, for example, seasonal fluctuations in demand are possible by withdrawing natural gas previously stored in the reservoir.
  • the gas network is, for example, a transport network in which natural gas with a predefined pressure of z. B. is transported about 30 bar.
  • a sufficient pressure difference (differential pressure ⁇ p; also referred to as delta p) between the natural gas that is stored in the gas storage facility and the gas network, into which the stored natural gas can be withdrawn from the gas storage facility, in order to generate liquid gas (LNG) in such gas storage facilities as part of the withdrawal.
  • Liquid gas produced can also be stored at least temporarily.
  • the amount of energy that was used to increase the pressure before storing natural gas in the gas storage facility is not completely lost when the gas is withdrawn into the gas network (e.g. transport network), since at carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention, this amount of energy is used or utilized for the production of liquid gas (LNG).
  • the gas network e.g. transport network
  • the generation of liquid gas is based on the knowledge that the pressure difference, e.g. B. in caverns of large gas storage facilities or when outsourced to the transport network for the production of liquefied natural gas.
  • a gas storage facility with, for example, two caverns with different pressures (e.g. 50 bar and 200 bar) or a cavern or storage facility in porous rock (e.g. 200 bar) with a connection to the natural gas transport network (e.g. 30-50 bar) can be used objectively, for example.
  • the Joule-Thompson effect can be used to generate cold and thus reduce the temperature of the natural gas.
  • This resulting expansion energy is objectively at least partially used in the rearrangement or outsourcing of natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG). Since such a rearrangement and/or expansion into the transport network is carried out during regular operation of the gas storage facility, the liquefied gas can consequently be produced particularly cost-effectively.
  • the pressure reduction takes place in order to have a so-called constant system within the framework of the production of liquid gas, so that the method in which liquid gas is produced as a result can always be carried out with the one or more devices.
  • the pressure reduction may be necessary, for example, because the prevailing pressure in the gas storage facility (e.g. cavern pressure) changes over the course of the year. This can happen, for example, as a result of external and naturally occurring environmental influences.
  • gas reservoirs designed as cavern reservoirs are subject to such pressure fluctuations.
  • the pressure reduction can be carried out, for example, by means of a pressure control valve, an expander, or a vortex tube, to name just a few non-limiting examples.
  • the purification of the natural gas can include drying of the natural gas.
  • Such drying of the natural gas changes the natural gas in such a way that water contained in the natural gas is sometimes removed from the natural gas.
  • the natural gas can be cleaned and dried in a single step, for example.
  • the cleaning and the drying of the natural gas can each be separate steps of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the cleaning and the drying of the natural gas can be carried out by a single device, or alternatively by two separate devices.
  • the order of the steps can be changed, for example. Accordingly, for example, the natural gas can be cleaned first and then dried. Alternatively, for example, the natural gas can be dried first and then cleaned.
  • the cleaning and/or drying of the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir includes or is carried out, for example, by systems that have components such as As water and carbon dioxide, which complicate the production of liquid gas, withdraw the natural gas. This enables stable subsequent production of the liquefied gas.
  • natural gas is passed to a second heat exchanger for cooling by heat exchanging a second portion of the cooled and condensed natural gas, the second portion being made into liquefied gas by subcooling in the second heat exchanger and subsequent expansion; and wherein the cooling of the cleaned natural gas takes place in the first heat exchanger with an expanded part of the cleaned natural gas, the expansion taking place by means of a differential pressure which is applied when the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir is stored.
  • the cold is generated, for example, by means of pre-cooling and natural gas expansion.
  • a differential pressure of at least 50 to 55, 51 to 54, 52 to 53, preferably at least 55 bar is required in order to be able to produce liquid gas particularly inexpensively with this method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • This differential pressure can be found in underground storage - as explained above.
  • the generation of the liquefied gas takes place, for example, in such a way that there is no negative impact on normal storage operation.
  • an existing gas storage facility can take on new tasks in liquid gas generation in addition to its previous tasks in the gas network.
  • the expansion through which the liquefied gas is generated is such, for example, that the natural gas is cooled after the expansion in such a way that it is in its State of aggregation changes and accordingly changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state.
  • This change of physical state which is necessary for the production of liquid gas, takes place at a temperature of around -160°C.
  • the cooling of the natural gas to reach this temperature takes place at least partially by means of the expansion. It is envisaged that this differential pressure will already arise when storing natural gas in the gas storage facility.
  • An embodiment according to the first aspect provides that the production of the liquefied gas is carried out essentially simultaneously with a withdrawal of natural gas stored in the gas storage facility.
  • the liquid gas is generated, for example, based on natural gas stored in the gas storage facility, which is intended to be released into the gas network, for example, to compensate for fluctuations in consumption in the gas network.
  • the usual operation of the gas storage used to generate the liquid gas is consequently not disturbed.
  • a further configuration according to the first aspect provides that the liquefied gas is generated after passing through at least two heat exchangers, with a Joule-Thompson expansion of the natural gas being carried out in particular.
  • the liquid gas is generated by a total of two heat exchangers.
  • the liquid gas that is generated is stored at least temporarily in a liquid gas storage facility.
  • Liquid gas that is generated can in particular be stored at least temporarily. After this temporary storage, at least the boil-off gas (BOG) produced during storage must be removed from the storage facility.
  • the BOG can be used to refuel CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) vehicles or fed back into the gas grid. Accordingly, liquid gas produced should be consumed continuously, since this same boil-off gas is produced during storage.
  • CNG Compressed Natural Gas
  • the cold required to generate the liquefied gas is generated at least partially based on the natural gas that is to be stored on the one hand and is to be generated from the liquefied gas on the other.
  • the cold required is at least partially also obtained based on the natural gas that is to be stored on the one hand and is to be generated from the liquid gas on the other (by a corresponding conversion of at least part of the second part of the cooled natural gas).
  • the energy required for generation which is required in particular for cooling the natural gas, is such that the natural gas changes its physical state from gaseous to liquid, as a result of which liquid gas is generated.
  • An embodiment according to the first aspect provides that the first part of the cooled natural gas can be discharged into a gas network after a pressure reduction.
  • the reduction in pressure ensures in particular that cold occurs. This cold is used, for example, to produce liquid gas.
  • a pressure reduction is also required in order to be able to withdraw natural gas that is stored in the gas storage facility into a pipeline of the gas network.
  • the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir is brought to the pressure that is present in a gas network into which the natural gas is to be withdrawn, for example by the pressure reduction.
  • the storage of the liquefied gas produced causes a quantity of natural gas to escape (e.g. escape), the quantity of natural gas that emerges from the liquefied gas reservoir due to the heating of the stored liquefied gas being usable for further use.
  • a quantity of natural gas to escape e.g. escape
  • the quantity of natural gas that emerges from the liquefied gas reservoir due to the heating of the stored liquefied gas being usable for further use.
  • boil-off gas When storing LPG, the temperature of the stored LPG increases. This increase in temperature of the stored liquefied gas leads to an escape of at least part of the stored liquefied gas, which is also referred to as so-called boil-off gas (BOG).
  • BOG boil-off gas
  • boil-off gas deflagrating instead of leaving this boil-off gas unused, for example by the boil-off gas deflagrating, it can be used for further use, for example.
  • This amount of natural gas that escapes (or evaporates) from a storage facility in which the generated liquid gas is stored can, for example, be subject to further use.
  • this vaporized natural gas can be discharged into the gas network after a pressure adjustment that is sometimes required (e.g. by compression).
  • natural gas vaporized from a liquid gas storage facility generally has a lower pressure than the pressure that prevails in the gas network connected to the gas storage facility, which includes the liquid gas storage facility. Accordingly, it may be necessary to compress the natural gas in order to be able to withdraw this natural gas into the gas network.
  • a further embodiment according to the first aspect provides that the quantity of natural gas can be fed (or is fed) to a third heat exchanger for heating natural gas for further use.
  • the third heat exchanger heats natural gas, for example, before the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir is withdrawn into the gas network or into a pipeline of the gas network.
  • the third heat exchanger for example, z. B. connected via an interface to the gas network or the pipeline of the gas network.
  • An embodiment according to the first aspect provides that a quantity of liquid gas can be used as fuel for further use.
  • the amount of liquid gas in a corresponding (z. B. mobile) storage, z. B. in the manner of a tank so that the amount of gasified liquid gas from this mobile tank can be fed to an engine as fuel to be needed.
  • This amount can be used for vehicles (e.g. trucks, locomotives, ships, just to name a few non-limiting examples).
  • the boil-off gas can also be used, for example, as a fuel for transport.
  • Underground storage facilities also referred to as underground gas storage (UGS] are gas storage facilities, whereby natural gas can be stored in natural or artificial cavities under the earth's surface using such underground storage facilities.
  • gas storage facilities are, for example, aquifer and pore storage facilities, cavern storage facilities or tube storage facilities.
  • Tubular storage facilities are medium-sized Natural gas storage to compensate for fluctuations in demand. Tube storage systems are used, for example, to cover daily consumption peaks, as they have high feed-in and feed-out capacities.
  • the one device or the multiple devices that carry out and/or control the method according to the first aspect are arranged within the gas storage facility, which is designed as an underground storage facility.
  • the one device or the multiple devices are arranged, for example, between the interface via which the gas storage facility can withdraw stored natural gas (e.g. into a pipeline) and the interface via which natural gas stored in the gas storage facility can be withdrawn from the supply . Further details on this can be found in the "Detailed description of some exemplary embodiments of the invention" section.
  • a further configuration according to the first aspect provides that the cooling is carried out at least partially by cooling the natural gas using a refrigeration system.
  • the first part of the cooled natural gas is subjected to a pressure increase by means of a compressor.
  • the pressure of the natural gas can be increased by means of the compressor.
  • a pressure that is too low can arise, for example, from the fact that during the evaporation of the liquid gas, during which the natural gas is heated (its temperature is increased by storage), it expands too much. This can be the case, for example, if the cold required to generate the liquid gas for cooling the natural gas could not yet be fully generated by expansion of the natural gas. Accordingly, in this case, a further expansion of the natural gas can take place in order to generate the cold required to produce the liquefied gas.
  • a fourth heat exchanger heats the first part of the cooled natural gas for compression by the compressor and/or for discharging the first part of the cooled natural gas into the gas network.
  • the pressure of the natural gas to the gas network or to a pipeline connected to the gas storage facility into which the natural gas is withdrawn can be increased, for example, by means of the fourth heat exchanger, the temperature of the natural gas to be withdrawn.
  • This also indirectly causes a change in the pressure under which the natural gas is, so that the pressure of the natural gas to be withdrawn is or is subsequently adjusted to the pressure of the gas network or pipeline by heating.
  • One device is, for example, a single device.
  • the method according to the first aspect of the invention is carried out and/or controlled by a plurality of devices (i.e. at least two devices, e.g. each designed as plant parts).
  • One of the multiple devices is designed and/or includes such means, for example, to clean natural gas (e.g. natural gas cleaning system), and another device of the multiple devices is designed and/or includes such means, for example, to produce liquid gas (e.g B. a liquid gas production plant).
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the system 100 comprises a gas reservoir 110, a device for natural gas purification 120, a device for generating liquid gas 130, and an optional device for storing or storing the generated liquid gas 140.
  • the devices 120 and 130 comprised by the system 100 are in particular devices according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • natural gas is withdrawn from gas storage 110 .
  • the natural gas to be withdrawn is cleaned by the natural gas cleaning system 120 .
  • liquid gas is then generated by the device 130, the cleaned natural gas being cooled by supplying cold (cooling the cleaned natural gas), whereby the cleaned natural gas changes the aggregate state from gaseous to liquid, thereby producing liquid gas (LNG).
  • the liquid gas produced can then optionally be stored or stored in a corresponding liquid gas storage facility.
  • Natural gas, that was not used to produce LPG is fed into a gas network (in 1 not shown) with which the gas storage device 110 is connected.
  • the natural gas not used to generate liquid gas can be stored again in the gas reservoir 110 . For this purpose it may be necessary for the natural gas to be compressed for storage in the gas reservoir 110 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the system 600 includes - analogous to the system 100 according to 1 - A gas storage 610 (here an underground storage, which is designed as a cavern with a pressure of about 85 to 200 bar), a device for natural gas purification and natural gas drying 620, and a device for generating liquid gas 630.
  • the system 600 also includes a device for preheating natural gas and pressure reduction 615, a memory 640 for storing or storing the liquid gas produced, and a connection to a pipeline 650 of a gas network (z. B. a transport network).
  • a natural gas measurement can optionally be carried out by a corresponding device for natural gas measurement 660.
  • the device for generating liquid gas is encompassed by the gas reservoir 610 in such a way that liquid gas can be generated in particular as part of the withdrawal of natural gas stored in the gas reservoir 610 .
  • the existing differential pressure between the natural gas stored in the gas storage facility 610 and the required pressure of the natural gas for withdrawal into the gas network or into the pipeline 650 of the gas network is used to supply cold to the natural gas via an expansion of the natural gas, so that as a result, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is produced.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the device 630 for generating liquid gas comprises five heat exchangers 630-1 to 630-5, a first Joule-Thompson expansion 630-8, a second Joule-Thompson expansion 630-9, a third Joule-Thompson expansion 630-10, a Refrigeration system 630-6, as well as a compressor 630-7.
  • the device for preheating 615 includes a heat exchanger by means of which the natural gas taken from the gas reservoir 610 is preheated. After preheating, a first Joule-Thompson expansion takes place, during which the pressure of the natural gas is reduced, e.g. B. from 200 bar in the stored state in the gas storage 610 to about 85 bar after performing the Joule-Thompson expansion.
  • the natural gas can then be cleaned in the device 620 for cleaning natural gas.
  • the natural gas (or the volume or mass flow of the natural gas) is divided, with a first part of the natural gas being routed to a heat exchanger 630-2 and a second part of the natural gas being routed to a heat exchanger 630-1 will.
  • a larger proportion of the mass flow (e.g. 75%) of the natural gas is sent as the first part (to the heat exchanger 630-2), and a smaller proportion (e.g. 25%) as the second part (to the heat exchanger 630-1 ) divided
  • the second part of the natural gas is cooled by means of the heat exchanger 630-1, the natural gas condensing a temperature after cooling.
  • the refrigeration used by heat exchanger 630-1 to cool the second portion of the split natural gas is based at least in part on the first portion of the split natural gas.
  • the first portion of the split natural gas is pre-cooled by heat exchanger 630-2 and 630-4. That part of the natural gas from which the energy for cooling is obtained by the heat exchanger 630-2 or 630-4 can be routed via the natural gas measurement 660, for example, into the pipeline 650, since the energy required for cooling is generated by an expansion of the in the heat exchanger 630-2, as well as 630-4 introduced natural gas is related.
  • the expansion means that the natural gas has a pressure of around 30 bar, for example, so that it can be fed into the pipeline.
  • the mass flow m passing through the system 600 is indicated, which is initially generated by a pressure quantity control 615-3.
  • the result is a mass flow m with constant pressure.
  • the mass flow m then runs through the natural gas cleaning system 620, which in the present case also performs natural gas drying.
  • This mass flow m is divided into the mass flows m1 (about 25% of the total mass flow m) and m2 (about 75% of the total mass flow m).
  • the mass flow m2 serves as the first cooling for m1.
  • the mass flow m2 is pre-cooled by the heat exchangers 630-2 and 630-4 and brought to a low temperature by a refrigeration system. Due to the subsequent natural gas expansion 630-9, the cooled natural gas is used to cool the mass flow m1 in the heat exchanger 630-1. Thereafter, the mass flow m2 is further heated via the heat exchanger 630 - 2 and conducted to the gas cleaning system in order to serve as regeneration in the natural gas cleaning system 620 . From there, the mass flow m2 is supplied to the gas network 650 via a natural gas measurement 660 .
  • the mass flow m1 cooled in the heat exchanger 630-1 condenses and is divided into the mass flows m3 (about 15% of the total mass flow m) and m4 (about 10% of the total mass flow m).
  • the mass flow m4 continues to decrease cooled by expansion 630-10 and is used for the second cooling of the mass flow m3.
  • the mass flow m4 After being heated in the heat exchanger 630-3, the mass flow m4 is admixed with the BOG and heated via the heat exchanger 630-4 and brought to the required pipeline pressure by means of a compressor. From there, the mass flow m4 is fed to the gas network 650 via a natural gas measurement.
  • the mass flow m3 is cooled down to the required liquid gas (LNG) temperature by the expansion 630-8 and then stored.
  • the LNG can e.g. B. for LNG refueling, the BOG can be used for CNG refueling.
  • a Joule-Thompson expansion 630-10 takes place based on another part of the natural gas that has already passed through the heat exchanger 630-1 Has.
  • the energy generated by this Joule-Thompson expansion 630-10 is used by the heat exchanger 630-3 to further cool the natural gas introduced into the heat exchanger 630-3.
  • the natural gas After passing through the heat exchanger 630-3, the natural gas usually does not yet have the temperature required for generating liquid gas (LNG), so that a further Joule-Thompson expansion 630-8 of the natural gas increases its temperature reduced in such a way that liquid gas is then generated.
  • This generated liquid gas can be stored in the liquid gas store 640, for example.
  • Boil-off gas is produced during storage or storage of the liquid gas produced in the liquid gas storage facility 640 6 denoted by the abbreviation BOG.
  • this BOG can continue to be used; in the present case, for example, it can be introduced or fed into the pipeline 650 of the gas network after passing through the compressor 630-7.
  • LNG production For the production of liquefied gas (LNG production), refrigeration is required in particular, with around 85% of the natural gas, for example, on which the production of liquefied gas is based, being used for the production of refrigeration. The remaining approximately 15% (25% divided into 10% and 15%) of the natural gas is converted into liquefied gas. It is particularly advantageous that the natural gas quantities used for cold production (e.g. the approximately 85%) are not lost, but are used further because these are stored in the gas network after the cold production, for example. From there, the natural gas can, for example, be stored again in the gas storage facility from which the natural gas used to generate the liquid gas was originally stored.
  • the natural gas quantities used for cold production e.g. the approximately 85%
  • the natural gas can, for example, be stored again in the gas storage facility from which the natural gas used to generate the liquid gas was originally stored.
  • the prevailing temperatures and pressures of the natural gas that it has after passing through a device (610 to 660) included in the system can 6 in each case by a corresponding indication attached to the respective device in 6 is shown, can be removed. These details of temperatures and pressures are also to be understood as disclosed in connection with all aspects of the present invention.
  • Figure 2a shows a schematic representation of a first part of the 6 shown embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • Figure 2b shows the according Figure 2a shown part of the system, being opposite Figure 2a after the pressure reduction, a heat exchanger is arranged, which uses at least part of the gas before the pressure reduction for the corresponding heat exchange.
  • the first serves to generate a constant mass flow. After the natural gas has been cleaned and dried, the pressure is reduced a second time, during which cold is produced as a result of relaxation (expansion).
  • a second mass flow is available, which is derived after cleaning and cooled and condensed via a heat exchanger.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of a second part of the 6 shown embodiment of a system for performing the method according to the invention, which is based on in 2 part shown has been expanded.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a third part of the 6 shown embodiment of a system for performing the method according to the invention, which is based on in 3 part shown has been expanded.
  • the mass flow condensed by the second derived mass flow is then expanded via a fourth pressure reduction.
  • the resulting cold of -160 °C is reached and liquid gas (LNG) can then be stored.
  • the BOG can e.g. B. be used for CNG refueling or stored back in the gas storage.
  • figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a fourth part of the 6 shown embodiment of a system for performing the method according to the invention, which is based on in 4 part shown has been expanded.
  • a refrigeration system is provided in the withdrawal line.
  • This refrigeration system can also Application of energy sometimes necessary to start the method according to the first aspect of the invention, which is carried out by the system 600.
  • Flowchart 700 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a part of the method according to the invention.
  • Flowchart 700 is performed by devices 120 and 130, for example 1 carried out and/or controlled.
  • a gas storage facility e.g. a gas storage facility designed as an underground storage facility, e.g. gas storage facility 110 according to 1 , stored natural gas.
  • liquid gas is generated based on the cleaned natural gas.
  • Liquid gas can be generated, for example, by means of the device for generating liquid gas 130 1 carried out and/or controlled.
  • the liquid gas is generated as part of the withdrawal of natural gas stored in the gas storage facility into a gas network connected to the gas storage facility, with the withdrawal covering, for example, a corresponding requirement of the gas network.
  • An expansion of the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir is required for withdrawal, the pressure of the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir being reduced. In the present case, this is used to use at least part of the natural gas stored in the gas reservoir to produce liquid gas.
  • the liquid gas produced is stored, e.g. B. a storage of the liquid gas in a separate memory, which is for example included in the gas storage.
  • the generated liquid gas or at least part of the generated liquid gas can be stored or stored in a container that is transportable.
  • the transportable container can be transported, for example, by means of a truck or a train.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié réalisé par un ou plusieurs dispositifs (110, 120, 130, 610, 620, 630) comprenant :
    - réduire une pression de gaz naturel stocké dans un stockage de gaz (110, 610), dans lequel après la réduction le gaz naturel a une pression constante prédéterminée ;
    - purifier le gaz naturel stocké et détendu dans le stockage de gaz (110, 610) ; et
    - générer du gaz liquéfié sur la base du gaz naturel purifié, dans lequel la génération du gaz liquéfié est effectuée dans le cadre du retrait du gaz naturel stocké dans le stockage de gaz (110, 610) vers un réseau de gaz (650) connecté au stockage de gaz (110, 610), et le stockage de gaz (110, 610) est un stockage de gaz souterrain,
    - dans lequel le ou les dispositifs (110, 120, 130, 610, 620, 630) sont agencés pour exécuter et/ou commander le procédé ou comprennent des moyens respectifs pour exécuter et/ou commander les étapes du procédé,
    caractérisé
    - en ce qu'un ou plusieurs dispositifs exécutant et/ou commandent le procédé sont arrangés à l'intérieur du réservoir de stockage de gaz souterrain (110, 610).
  2. Procédé de la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    - refroidir le gaz naturel purifié pour produire le gaz liquéfié,
    - dans lequel le refroidissement du gaz naturel purifié (m1) se fait au moyen d'un premier échangeur de chaleur (630-1), et se condense ainsi, et
    - dans lequel une première partie du gaz naturel refroidi et condensé est dirigée vers un second échangeur de chaleur (630-3) pour être refroidie par échange de chaleur d'une seconde partie du gaz naturel refroidi et condensé,
    - dans lequel du gaz liquéfié est produit à partir de la seconde partie par sousrefroidissement dans le second échangeur de chaleur (630-3) et par détente ultérieure ; et
    - dans lequel le refroidissement du gaz naturel purifié (m1) dans le premier échangeur de chaleur (630-1) est effectué avec une partie détendue du gaz naturel purifié, la détente (630-8) étant effectuée au moyen d'une pression différentielle, qui est appliquée lors d'une injection du gaz naturel stocké dans le stockage de gaz (110, 610).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la génération du gaz liquéfié est réalisée sensiblement simultanément à un soutirage de gaz naturel stocké dans le stockage de gaz (110, 10 610).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 3, dans lequel le gaz liquéfié est produit après passage par au moins deux échangeurs de chaleur (630-1, 630-3), réalisant notamment une détente Joule-Thompson (630-10) du gaz naturel.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans lequel le gaz liquéfié généré est stocké au moins temporairement dans un stockage pour gaz liquéfié (140, 640).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, dans lequel le froid nécessaire à la production du gaz liquéfié est produit au moins en partie à partir du gaz naturel à stocker, d'une part, et à produire à partir du gaz liquéfié, d'autre part.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, dans lequel la première partie (m1) du gaz naturel refroidi peut être soutirée vers un réseau de gaz (650) après une réduction de pression (630-8).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel le stockage du gaz liquéfié produit conditionne une fuite d'une quantité de gaz naturel, dans lequel la quantité de gaz naturel qui fuit du stockage de gaz liquéfié (140, 640) du fait du chauffage du gaz liquéfié stocké est utilisable pour une utilisation ultérieure.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la quantité de gaz naturel pour une utilisation ultérieure peut alimenter un troisième échangeur de chaleur (630-4) pour chauffage du gaz naturel.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9, dans lequel ledit refroidissement est au moins partiellement réalisé par le refroidissement dudit gaz naturel par un système de réfrigération (630-6).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 10, dans lequel la première partie (m1) du gaz naturel refroidi est soumise à une augmentation de pression au moyen d'un compresseur (630-7).
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PCT/EP2019/051269 WO2019145230A1 (fr) 2018-01-29 2019-01-18 Génération de gaz liquéfié dans un accumulateur de gaz

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EP4450909A1 (fr) * 2023-04-21 2024-10-23 Cryocollect Procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz

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EP3746725A1 (fr) 2020-12-09
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