EP3746599A1

EP3746599A1 - Solid, porous material made of fibres and method for preparing same

Info

Publication number: EP3746599A1
Application number: EP19707431.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean-François Bassereau; Aurélie MOSSE; Cécile MONTEUX; Mathieu BRIAND; Olivier JOURDAN
Original assignee: Ecole Nat Superieure Des Arts Decoratifs; Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Arts Decoratifs; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS; Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Ville Paris; Paris Sciences et Lettres Quartier Latin
Current assignee: Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Arts Decoratifs; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS; Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de Ville Paris; Paris Sciences et Lettres Quartier Latin
Priority date: 2018-01-31
Filing date: 2019-01-30
Publication date: 2020-12-09
Also published as: WO2019150045A1; FR3077305B1; FR3077305A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel solid, porous material made of fibres, which material is recyclable, its method of preparation and its creative use (educational and practical), in particular in the sector of arts and of applied arts (teaching and artisanal practice). This novel material can also form semi-finished products for both acoustic and thermal, bespoke insulation, whilst providing a medium with a surface and morphology conducive to creation (functional painting paper).

Description

SOLID, POROUS, FIBER MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a new solid material, porous, fiber, which is recyclable; its method of preparation and its use in creation (pedagogy and practice) especially in the field of arts and applied arts (teaching and craftsmanship). This new material can also be semi-insulated acoustic and thermal insulation products, while providing a surface support and morphology to the creation (functional paint paper).

Although there are materials already available for the creation of both pedagogical (possible progression of learning) that practice and / or for functional purposes (interior decoration, thermal insulation and / or acoustic), they all have many disadvantages.

Among the materials for the purpose of creation we find historically:

1 / model materials, which are simpler to implement and represent one of the attributes of the final materials of the object or the work to be made (eg stucco or brick for marble, wood of lesser quality for precious wood) ; and

2 / mock-up materials (eg softwood (balsa), cardboard, paper, acrylate plate (eg Plexiglass ^® (registered trademark of Evonik Rohm GmbH)), Carton Plume ^® (registered trademark of Canson SAS) aluminum ...) to represent an object smaller than it is (eg in architecture, interior architecture, decoration project, scenography project ...) or sometimes larger than is not.

More recently, materials are included for the purpose of creation any material involved in the advancement of the project of design and realization of an object (eg modeling clay (key, Plastiline ^® (registered trademark by ETABLISSEMENTS GEORGES LALO, SAS) ), balsa (softwood), acrylate plate, thermoplastic or even thermoset, Carton Plume ^® ), more broadly any material support to the representation of an idea, intention or support of these in 2 or 3 dimensions at scale 1 or reduced (see architectural model).

Only among these materials for the purpose of creation, none can only fulfill this pedagogical function of control of a value chain by the student. In addition, very few of these materials for rapid modeling are recyclable resulting in many problems with 3D printing volumes of non-compliant mock-ups, since the design / creation process is not linear. These semi-produced materials (wire, pasty material calibrated or powder) also do not allow to have the hand on the realization before, during and after.

Similarly, although more recent modeling materials exist, such as modeling clay (key, Plastiline ^® ), balsa (softwood), acrylate plate, thermoplastic or thermoset, they also go through the intermediate form of semi product. Their use therefore implies the use of a mold for the most viscous materials which supposes to be already advanced in the project of design / creation. Other make-up materials, such as corrugated board or salvage board, are also available for rapid shaping, providing an adhesive tape assembly, allowing shapes to be formed quickly. However, this assembly is made without precision, or possibility of changing this precision as in material removal material (sculpture, machining, milling).

Finally, although the Cardboard Plume ^® can be used for rapid study design, it poses many problems and is used inappropriately (no precise cutting, glue incompatible with bi-material). Indeed, the Plume Cardboard ^® is a sandwich material consisting of a core of polystyrene foam or polyurethane trapped between two layers of paper. Since this type of foam gives off neurotoxic vapors in the event of combustion, the Plum Carton ^® has the disadvantage of not cutting out with a laser. It is not recyclable and is a source of a growing environmental problem. In addition, its high price and its inhomogeneity for a very precise mock-up do not make it an adequate alternative to the current materials whereas it is extremely present in the schools and sometimes the agencies (design and architecture). The need for a new material for creative purposes is felt. Moreover, as many of these problems are related to this soul, its substitution represents a real unprecedented technological waiting.

Among the materials for interior decoration, few are functional and decorative ones. For example, plasterboard (eg Plasterboard ^® (registered trademark PLACOPLATRE, SA)) requires a masking finish and flat or faceted shapes.

As for acoustic correctors, they usually exist in the form of components or objects but rarely in the form of material to be designed. Anechoic chambers, by example, have their floors, walls and ceilings lined with dihedra or pyramids foam (polyurethane in general). However, this material if it is inexpensive, requires great care for implementation (tearing, mechanical fixation or complex bonding) and presents a risk to human health. In addition, it ages badly can not be repaired and does not support shocks, even minimal. Similarly in case of fire, the polyurethane foam releases neuro-toxic vapor often irreversible can even prevent the evacuation of the room, while the size of the fire can allow it without danger.

One of the aspects of the invention is to provide precisely a replacement material to the Plume Carton ^® without its disadvantages. Advantageously, this new material even makes it possible to envisage customizing a material and formatting specific to the specifications, associated or not with a structured or unstructured network with recesses or fill to block the shape (macro, meso and micro). Another aspect of the invention is to provide the method for obtaining this new material from, in particular, a paper crush.

In advance, it is specified that all the terms used to define the invention are understood in their most common sense and, where appropriate, details are provided in the present text.

In its most general aspect, the invention relates to a solid material, porous, in fibers, whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and wherein the fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 40% to 75% of a network of the aforementioned fibers, relative to the total weight of the material,

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

from 1% to 20% of foaming agent impregnated in the fibers with respect to the total weight of the material,

from 5% to 25% of adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the material.

In another aspect more general, the invention relates to a solid material, porous fiber, whose pores are of average size of 30 qm to 200 qm and occupying a volume representing about 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and whose fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

from 5% to 25% of adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the material, and having the following properties:

the density of said material is from 70 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , it does not cause release of cyanide gas or styrenic gas in the case of laser cutting, said material possibly being recycled into a material having the characteristics above.

In another more general aspect, the invention relates to a solid, porous, fiber, whose pores are of average size of _30, um to 200 qm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material , and whose fibers are derived from crushed at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

the grammage of said material is from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² , it is foldable in a substantially irreversible manner,

it does not cause release of cyanide gas, nor styrenic gas in case of laser cutting,

it can be easily assembled by gluing preferably with an ecological glue of the starch glue type, said material being optionally recycled to a material having the above characteristics.

In another more general aspect, the invention relates to a porous, solid fiber material whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and wherein the fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

the density of said material is from 70 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , it is foldable in a substantially irreversible manner,

it can be easily assembled by gluing preferably with an ecological glue of the starch glue type, said material possibly being recycled into a material having the above characteristics.

In another more general aspect, the invention relates to the solid, porous, fiber material, above, which can absorb a substantially reversible amount of water up to 20% by total weight of said material.

In another more general aspect, the invention relates to a solid material, porous, fiber, above, the behavior of said material in a compression test has a strain of 10% to 25%, for a stress of 0, 50 MPa, relative to said material without constraint.

In another aspect more general, the invention relates to a solid material, porous, fiber, above not having irreversible plastic deformation regime in a compression test with a deformation ranging from 0 to 7 mm. In another more general aspect, the invention relates to a porous, solid fiber material whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and wherein the fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

the weight of said material is from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² , an absorption of a substantially reversible amount of water, up to 20% by total weight of the material,

the behavior of the material in a compression test has a strain of 10% to 25%, for a stress of 0.50 MPa, compared to the material without stress,

not exhibiting an irreversible plastic deformation regime in a compression test with a deformation ranging from 0 to 7 mm,

it is foldable in a substantially irreversible way,

from 40% to 75% of a network of the aforementioned fibers, relative to the total weight of the material, from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

the density of said material is from 70 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , an absorption of a substantially reversible amount of water of up to 20% by total weight of the material,

it is foldable in a substantially irreversible way,

A material is called "solid" in physics, when the state of the material in which the atoms oscillate around fixed positions having a distribution is disordered (amorphous solids), or ordered (crystals). By "solid material" is meant therefore a material having a defined three-dimensional structure, which is self-supporting and relatively rigid that is to say it does not disintegrate handling. In addition, the solid material, porous, fiber according to the invention can be deformed a lot with little stress and is not brittle.

By "porous material" is meant a material containing pores that can be defined as empty interstices of material separating the material, which is here made of fibers. These pores have the advantage of making the paper permeable. Also, the higher the porosity is higher the paper is allowed to pass through a liquid or gaseous fluid, a luminous flux which is a guarantee of quality. The presence of pore is therefore a determining factor in the quality of the paper. By "fiber material" is meant a material consisting of elements of filamentous appearance (fiber), which are elongated.

By "grind" is meant the product obtained after the implementation of a grinding mechanism consisting of the reduction or dispersion of a parent material (= starting material) into calibrated elements or not smaller. The parent material being here made of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin. To achieve this mill, it is therefore possible to recycle sheets of machine paper, for example and reduce them using a knife mill, then control the grain size using a series of sieves placed on vibrating table until a smaller set of particles in particle size at least 1 mm. It is also possible to recycle and grind the solid, porous fiber material of the invention. The solid, porous, fiber material of the invention, once ground, can therefore be used for its own production and to obtain the solid, porous fiber material of the invention, which is then considered as second life (or second generation). ).

By "cellulosic material" is meant any material made from cellulose (e.g. paper but not only), cellulose being an essential polysaccharide in the constitution of the cell membrane of plants. It is important to note that the grinding of this starting cellulosic material leads to the production of fiber.

By "fiber network" is meant a set of fibers organized randomly or not, which intertwine forming a mesh giving its consistency to the material.

By "foaming agent" is meant a material which facilitates the formation of a foam such as an expanding agent or a surfactant, which is capable of modifying the surface tension between two surfaces.

By "adhesive agent" is meant a substance capable of joining two surfaces in contact by creating durable bonds.

By "water absorption" is meant the ability of the material to retain water by impregnating it.

By "elastic deformation" is meant the ability of the material to deform in a reversible manner. The solid, porous, fiber material of the invention therefore has the advantage of being malleable and flexible. By "behavior of the material in a compression test exhibits deformation" is meant the ability of the material to deform (eg stretch, stretch) when pulling forces are applied thereto. This one does not tear then but lengthens under the effect of the traction. This has the advantage that the solid material, porous, fiber according to the invention is manipulable without taking special precautions.

By "irreversible plastic deformation regime" is meant the ability of the material to remain deformed permanently in contrast to an elastic deformation regime.

By "foldable" is meant the ability of the material to undergo and accept plastic deformations by folding without tearing or separation of its internal skeleton consisting of a network of fibers related to the action of folding. Also, the solid, porous fiber material of the invention does not tear when handled. This solid, porous fiber material therefore has the advantage of being easily used in a creation process requiring pleats.

By "foldable substantially irreversible" means the capacity of the material:

1 / to locally accept a plastic deformation linked for example to a directional crushing of its fiber network, and

2 / to accept in a second time a plastic deformation by folding without tearing or separation of its internal skeleton consisting of a network of fibers related to the action of crushing, and maintain the angle of folding.

This solid, porous, fiber material therefore has the advantage of being easily used in a creation process requiring geometrically stable folding angles, such as the creation of an architecture, interior architecture, and space model.

By "easily assembled by gluing" it is meant that it is possible to glue several pieces of material together by a glue (preferably ecological) which adheres to both the solid, porous material, paper crumb fibers, to the material obtained when the solid, porous fiber material is covered with a film of paper or cardboard type. Unlike the Featherboard ^® which does not stick easily by gluing, it is therefore important to note the considerable advantage offered by the solid, porous fiber material of the invention to present this simple assembly characteristic and easy in particular for the arts and applied arts sector (teaching and craftsmanship). "Ecological adhesive" means adhesives for which toxic solvents have been replaced by an aqueous solution. Also, unlike multi-purpose glues which must be handled with care because of the solvents and additives they contain, ecological glues have the advantage of not posing any risk to animal health and the environment. These glues are usually natural glues made from vegetable substances (natural latex, plant resin, starch, etc.) or animal (casein, bone or fish extracts), which are mainly intended for gluing paper, wood , cardboard or textiles. They are either ready to use, or in the form of powder or granules to be diluted in water. Moreover, since they do not contain a base agent (resin or polymer), unlike multipurpose adhesives, they can have a longer drying time without any particular consequence.

By "recycle" is meant the fact that the waste production related to the use of the solid, porous fiber material of the invention is capable of being treated by a set of techniques whose purpose is to recover and reintroduce these wastes in the production cycle of said solid material, porous, fiber. Also, in another preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a solid material, porous fiber, which is recyclable.

Said pores within the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention being of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm, the latter can therefore be of average size from 30 μm to 50 μm, from 50 μm to 100 μm, and 100 μm to 150 μm, 150 μm to 200 μm, or 50 μm to 150 μm or 80 μm to 120 μm. Similarly, said pores can occupy a volume of 20% to 90% of the total volume of the porous solid fiber material according to the invention, they can therefore occupy from 20% to 35%, from 35% to 40%, from 40% to 55%, from 55% to 70%, from 70% to 90% or from 35% to 80% or from 40% to 70% of this total volume.

The fibrous network with respect to the total weight of the porous solid fiber material according to the invention may be from 40% to 75%, the latter may therefore be from 40% to 50%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 60% by weight. % to 75% or 45% to 75% or 50% to 70%.

The water relative to the total weight of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention may be from 0% to 10%, this may therefore be from 0% to 2%, from 2% to 4%, 4% to 8% from 8% to 10% or from 2% to 8% or from 2% to 6% or from 4% to 8%. It should be noted that the solid, porous fiber material is dry when this percentage of water is 0. The foaming agent relative to the total weight of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention may be from 1% to 20%, it may therefore be from 1% to 5%, from 5% to 10%, from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20% or from 5% to 20%, from 5% to 15% or from 1% to 10%.

The adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the solid material, porous fiber according to the invention may be from 5% to 25%, it can be 5% to 10%, 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25% or from 5% to 20%, from 5% to 15% or from 10% to 20%.

The density of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention can be from 70 kg / m to 100 kg / m, it can therefore be 70 kg / m to 80 kg / m, 70 kg / m at 90 kg / m, from 80 kg / m ³ to 90 kg / m ³ , from 80 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , from 90 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , from 75 kg / m 3 ³ to 95 kg / m, 75 kg / m to 90 kg / m or 75 kg / m to 85 kg / m. It is important to note that this density value of the porous solid fiber material according to the invention depends on the starting cellulosic material. For example, in the case of recycled paper sheets their initial density will influence the obtaining of the final density.

The absorption of water in the sense of the invention can be up to 20% by total weight of the material. But it is originally already composed of 0% to 10% water relative to its total weight. Also, the expression "up to 20%" should be understood as a water absorption capacity equal to 20% minus the percentage of water constituting material. For example, if the material is made with 5% water, it is then able to absorb up to 15% more water in relation to its total weight and so on. So as it is specified that the absorption can go up to 20%, it also means that the absorption can go up to 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% or 19%.

The behavior of the material in a compression test has a deformation of 10% to 25%, for a pressure of 0.50 MPa, compared to the material without stress, it means that it can thus be from 10% to 15%, from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25% or from 10% to 25% or from 10% to 20% or from 15% to 25%.

In a last more general aspect, the invention relates to a solid, porous fiber material whose pores are of average size of 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and wherein the fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

it is foldable in a substantially irreversible way,

it can be easily assembled by gluing preferably with an ecological glue of the starch glue type,

containing no flame retardant, said material possibly being recycled into a material having the above characteristics.

By the term "not containing flame retardant" is meant that the presence of a flame retardant is formally excluded from the solid, porous, fiber material of the invention. By "flame retardant" is meant a flame retardant.

According to a particular embodiment, the subject of the invention is also a solid, porous fiber material, in which the network of the aforementioned fibers is multidirectional. The network is thus organized in space in three dimensions in an orderly and / or disordered manner, preferentially disordered as regards the fibers distributed in the three dimensions. During its use, the mechanical stresses experienced by the solid material, porous, fiber according to the invention will therefore be distributed in all directions. This has the advantage of making the material resistant. According to another particular embodiment, the subject of the invention is also a solid, porous fiber material, in which the said fibers are integral with one another. By solidarity, it should be understood that the fibers are bonded together by physico-chemical bonds due to the action of the adhesive agent and its adhesive action between the fibers in contact. This also has the advantage of offering a resistant material.

The pores of the solid, porous fiber material of the invention can communicate or not. If they do not communicate, the permeability of the paper will be localized, providing precision support.

On the other hand, if the pores communicate, the permeability of the paper will be homogeneous. For example, the application of an adhesive on the material will be identical in every respect. Indeed, this glue can freely circulate through the pores and impregnate the material in all its entirety. The bonding will thus be resistant over time. It should be noted that, advantageously, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material in which the aforesaid pores communicate with one another. In other words, the empty interstices of material forming each of the pores are united into a continuous set of arbitrary shape resulting from the combination of all the pores.

According to a particular embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material, as previously described, in which

the network of the aforementioned fibers is multidirectional and / or

the aforementioned fibers are integral with each other and / or

the aforesaid pores communicate with each other.

According to a preferred embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material which may be painted or inked. By this is meant that the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention can not only be painted, but also receive inks and graphite.

According to another preferred embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material which can bend along a guide and accept plastic deformations by folding without breaking or separating its internal skeleton.

According to another preferred embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid material, porous, in fibers, which can be engraved in a pattern from simple to complex and can accept engraving depths and accuracies of less than 0.5. mm. According to another preferred embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous material made of fibers, which can be cut in a complex manner preferably by a laser-type molecular heating table.

According to another aspect, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention is such that said plant fibers come from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt; blotting paper or a grinding foam of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention.

According to another aspect, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention is such that said plant fibers come from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life.

According to another aspect, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention is such that the adhesive agent is chosen from glues, in particular based on starch. By way of example, mention may also be made of foaming agent-free vinyl glue, non-woven wallpaper glue or agar-agar glue.

According to another aspect, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention is such that the foaming agent is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol copolymers (PYA) / polyvinyl acetate copolymers (PVAc) (or PVA / PVAc copolymer) and detergents based on the following mixture: grapes, licorice root, black tea and lemon. Preferably, the PVA / PVAc copolymer contains 88% of PVA and 12% of PVAc. Foaming agents may also be used as detergents of the product (or liquid) dishwashing type.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the foaming agent is bio-based and is the Genfil ^® (registered trademark of ARTRA ÎNÇAAT PLASTIK Peyzaj Sanayi ve Ticaret StRKETt LIMITED), which is a composition based on herbal resins having a component a mixture grapes, liquorice roots, black tea and lemon.

Advantageously, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention comprises a "foaming agent and adhesive agent" combination which is not limited to the following combinations:

• Genfil ^® + starch based glue;

• Genfil ^® + vinyl glue without foaming agent; • Genfil ^® + non-woven wallpaper adhesive;

• Genfil ^® + agar-agar glue;

• PVA / PVAc copolymer + starch based glue;

• PVA / PVAc copolymer + vinyl glue without foaming agent;

• PVA / PVAC copolymer + non-woven wallpaper glue;

• PVA / PVAc copolymer + agar-agar glue;

• dishwashing liquid + starch-based glue;

• dishwashing liquid + vinyl glue without foaming agent;

• dishwashing liquid + glue non-woven wallpaper; or

• dishwashing liquid + agar-agar paste;

Another aspect of the invention is to preserve the solid, porous fiber material from the development of microorganisms within said material. This is why, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material containing an agent for combating the development of microorganisms inside the aforementioned material, in particular an antiserum. fungal or an anti-bacterial, preferentially an anti bacterial.

By "anti-fungal agent" we mean all molecules able to fight against the development of fungi, or even destroy them. This may especially be chosen from the group comprising: polyenes, ciclopirox olamine and imidazoles. Similarly, "anti-bacterial agent" means any molecule capable of fighting against the development of bacteria, or even destroying them. This may especially be chosen from the group comprising: β-lactams, cyclins, aminoglycosides, macrolides and quinolones.

According to one particular aspect, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material previously described, in which

the adhesive agent is chosen from glues, in particular based on starch, and

the foaming agent is chosen from PVA / PVAc copolymers and detergents based on the following mixture: grapes, licorice roots, black tea and lemon;

and may contain an agent for combating the development of microorganisms within said material, in particular an antifungal or antibacterial agent. An advantageous embodiment relates to a solid, porous fiber material, the ground material of which consists of vegetable fiber particles, 80% by weight of which have a width of less than 1 mm, in particular 100%, said particles having a size of 10%. iim at 0.99 mm. This means, therefore, that the grind can be 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% by weight of plant fibers having a size of 10 μm to 100 μm, 100 μm to 200 μm, 200 μm to 300 μm pm, 300 μm to 400 μm, 400 μm to 500 μm, 500 μm to 600 μm, 600 μm to 700 μm, 700 μm to 800 μm, 800 μm to 900 μm, 900 μm to 990 μm. or from 50 pm to 950 pm or from 350 pm to 750 pm.

According to another particular embodiment, the subject of the invention is also a solid, porous, fiber material which is capable of being put into a stable predetermined shape, in particular in the form of a plate, in particular in the form of a plate of which the grammage of said plate is from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² . By plate is meant a flat surface that may have a greater or lesser thickness. Indeed, the material of the invention has the advantage of being, before drying, a malleable and moldable paper pulp, which can be manipulated to obtain a predetermined shape, which can be a plate, a hollow cylinder or full, a half hollow or full sphere, a wire of a given thickness, etc., depending on the mold used and the desires of the skilled person.

The basis weight (density applied to a surface) of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention can be from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² , it can therefore be 700 g / m ² at 750 g / m ² , from 750 g / m ² to 800 g / m ² , from 800 g / m ² to 850 g / m ² , from 850 g / m ² to 900 g / m ² , of 900 g / m ² , m ² at 950 g / m ² , 950 g / m ² at 1000 g / m ^2, or 750 g / m ² at 950 g / m ² or 800 g / m ² at 900 g / m ² . It is important to note that this value of the basis weight of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention depends on the nature of the starting cellulosic material. For example, in the case of recycled paper sheets, their initial basis weight will influence the obtaining of the final basis weight.

This particular embodiment shows that the composition of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention differs from a paper pulp by the possible control of a variation in density (greater than 0.3 to 1). ), and of thickness (from 1 mm to several tens of cm). This new material makes it possible to realize to measure many semi products (band, sheet, coating, plate, panel, profile, wire) but also of prototype object directly. Unlike other materials of the prior art, this solid, porous fiber material mono material has the advantage of being recycled, and it works and assembles itself as the second-life material of which it is composed (eg paper, but not only). This new solid, porous, fiber material is therefore advantageously substituted for current make-up and design materials, on its design, production and then use facilities, particularly in engraving, cutting (including laser), folding and assembly

According to another particular embodiment, the invention relates to a solid material, porous, in fibers, which is capable of being put into a predetermined stable shape, especially in the form of a plate, in particular in the form of a plate whose weight of said plate is from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² ;

and / or which can be painted or inked.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a solid material, porous, in fibers, said material being obtained from a ground material of one of the aforesaid porous solid materials, in fibers defined according to the invention. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture and obtain a solid material, porous, fiber, according to the invention, said second life (or second generation) from a ground material of one of the aforementioned solid materials, porous, fiber, according to the invention, said first life (or first generation). These solid, porous, previously defined fibers are therefore recyclable and / or recycled.

In one of its advantageous embodiments, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material comprising an upper surface and a lower surface, at least one of which is covered by a film, in particular chosen from sheets used in ground fibers and preferably from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt; blotting paper or a grinding foam of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention.

More particularly, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material comprising an upper surface and a lower surface at least one of which is covered by a film, in particular chosen from the paper sheets used in fiber grind. and preferably from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life. The advantage of having a plate is to be able to easily cover one month of the 2 sides of the material. This new solid, porous fiber material is therefore similar to a sandwich material mono paper material, called paper feather, like the Carton Plume ^® . Indeed, and according to a preferred embodiment, the two upper and lower films, which may be advantageously parallel sheets of paper, trap a core consisting of an aerospace composition of ground material of at least one cellulosic material of vegetable origin, which corresponds to the aforesaid solid, porous fiber material of the invention. These two films can also be added during the preparation phase of the aforesaid material (eg during its drying) or when the aforesaid solid material, porous fiber is ready for use. To do this, the above films must be soaked with water and serve as a regulator for evaporation of the water contained in the porous solid fiber material according to the invention.

In another advantageous embodiment, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material comprising an upper surface and a lower surface, at least one of which can be assembled by bonding to a film, in particular chosen from sheet papers used in crushed fibers and preferably from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt; blotting paper or a grinding foam of the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention.

More particularly, the subject of the invention is a solid, porous fiber material comprising an upper surface and a lower surface, at least one of which can be assembled by bonding to a film, in particular chosen from the paper-based papers used in grinding of fibers and preferably from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life. Also this new solid, porous fiber material is easily bonded with any paper type glue.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a honeycomb structure (or cellular cardboard or honeycomb) whose cells are filled in part or in whole of the aforesaid solid material, porous, fiber first life and / or second life (recycled material), imparting rigidity to the aforesaid honeycomb structure (or cellular cardboard or honeycomb). The latter can in particular be shaped during the evaporation period of the water contained in the aforesaid solid material, porous, fiber according to the invention and stiffened once the latter sec retaining said shape. This honeycomb structure (or alveolar cardboard or honeycomb) corresponds more precisely to a flat surface, to which are fixed perpendicular to elements and forming with said flat surface a three-dimensional structure in the form of cells filled with the solid material, porous, fiber according to the invention.

According to another embodiment, this honeycomb structure (or cellular cardboard or honeycomb) is made deformable by humidification and the cells are filled in part or entirely of the solid material, porous, fiber as previously described. This filling makes it possible in particular to make said given shape stable by evaporation of the moisture of the porous material and the reaction of the adhesive agent contained in the porous material with said deformed structure. For example, to obtain the honeycomb structure (or honeycomb or honeycomb) of the invention it is possible to start from a commercial honeycomb carton, whose hexagonal-shaped cells, made of kraft paper and fixed by gluing on a piece of cardboard, are 1.2 cm to 1.5 cm wide and 2 cm deep and fill them in part or in whole with the aforesaid solid, porous material of first life and / or second fibers life (recycled material). Preferably, the porous material of the invention adheres to the internal walls of the cells.

One of the last aspects of the invention relates to the general process for preparing the porous, solid fiber material comprising:

a step of mixing a mill of plant fibers, foaming agent, adhesive agent and water, to obtain a substantially homogeneous paste, followed by a step of expansion for a time sufficient to obtain a substantially homogeneous paste and aerated, (containing from 20% to 60% air volume relative to the total volume of the dough), and

followed by a step of drying the aforesaid substantially homogeneous and aerated paste, to obtain the aforesaid solid material, porous fiber.

It should be noted that the order of incorporation of the various ingredients into the vegetable fiber mill is important to obtain the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention. In addition, the expansion step, which consists of integrating air into the substantially homogeneous dough so as to aerate and homogenize can be optimized. For example, for 50 g of ground material it advantageously lasts 6 minutes. Moreover, since this substantially homogeneous and aerated paste can contain from 20% to 60% of air volume relative to the total volume of the dough, this means that it can contain from 20% to 30% of 40%, from 40% to 50%; from 50% to 60% or from 20% to 40% or from 40% to 60% or from 30% to 50% air volume relative to the total volume of the dough. Furthermore, at the end of this expansion step, the solid, porous fiber material according to the invention is found in its foamy phase, which corresponds to the aforesaid substantially homogeneous and aerated paste. This particular phase makes it possible in particular to adhere to the aforesaid substantially homogeneous and aerated paste any film as previously mentioned. This adhesion can be advantageously done before drying of the aforesaid substantially homogeneous paste and aerated through the adhesive agent present in the aforesaid substantially homogeneous and aerated paste. In the same way as for the expansion step, the drying step can be optimized. By way of example, this advantageously lasts 36 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method of the invention comprises the following steps:

a crushed vegetable fiber is mixed with water, in a weight ratio of about 1, to obtain a homogeneous wet grind,

a foaming agent is added to the above-mentioned homogeneous wet grind in a weight ratio of: homogenous wet grinding / foaming agent of about 1/5 to obtain a pre-paste,

water is added to the aforesaid pre-pulp in the ratio by weight: water / pre-pulp of 3/2 to obtain a diluted pre-pulp,

an aqueous solution adhesive agent (adhesive / water ratio of the solution of about 1) is added to the diluted pre-pulp in a dilute pre-pulp / adhesive ratio of 1/9 to obtain a substantially homogeneous pulp, followed by a blooming step for a time sufficient to obtain a substantially homogeneous and aerated paste (containing from 20% to 60% of air volume relative to the total volume of the dough), and

According to another preferred embodiment, the method of the invention comprises the use of colored water in at least one of the above-mentioned steps involving water in order to stain in the mass the solid, porous, fiber-like material. 'invention.

The invention also relates to a solid material, porous, fiber as obtained by the implementation of one of the above methods. Therefore, the invention also relates to a solid material, porous, fiber, which is colored in the mass. In particular, the invention relates to a solid, porous fiber material as obtained by the process consisting of the following steps:

adding to the diluted pre-pulp an adhesive agent in aqueous solution (adhesive / water ratio of the solution of approximately 1) to obtain a substantially homogeneous paste,

followed by an expansion step for a time sufficient to obtain a substantially homogeneous and aerated paste (containing from 20% to 60% of air volume relative to the total volume of the dough), and

Also, the invention also relates to the porous material, fiber described above before drying, but after expansion. According to the invention, this material before drying is advantageously a porous fiber material whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and of which the fibers are derived from ground material of at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 3% to 25% of a network of the aforementioned fibers, relative to the total weight of the material,

from 50% to 95% water relative to the total weight of the material,

from 1% to 10% of foaming agent impregnated in the fibers with respect to the total weight of the material,

from 1% to 15% of adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the material, and which can be used as such or as an intermediate material for the preparation of the solid material, porous, fiber object of the invention and previously described. Said pores within intermediate material being of average size from 30 pm to 200 pm. the latter can therefore be of average size from 30 μm to 50 μm, from 50 μm to 100 μm, from 100 μm to 150 μm, from 150 μm to 200 μm, or from 50 μm to 150 μm, or from 80 μm to 120 μm. . Similarly, said pores can occupy a volume of 20% to 90% of the total volume of the material according to the invention, they can therefore occupy from 20% to 35%, from 35% to

40%, 40% to 55%, 55% to 70%, 70% to 90%, or 35% to 80% or 40% to

70% of this total volume.

The fiber network relative to the total weight of the intermediate material according to the invention may be from 3% to 25%, the latter may therefore be from 3% to 5%, from 5% to 10%, from 10% to 15% , from 15% to 20%, from 20% to 25%, or from 5% to 20% or from 10% to 15%.

The water relative to the total weight of the intermediate material according to the invention may be from 50% to 95%, it may therefore be 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80% from 80% to 90%, from 90% to 95% or from 65% to 90% or from 75% to 85%.

The foaming agent relative to the total weight of the intermediate material according to the invention may be from 1% to 10%, it may therefore be from 1% to 2%, from 2% to 4%, from 4% to 8% by weight. %, 8% to 10%, especially 1% to 5% or 5% to 10%.

The adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the intermediate material according to the invention may be from 1% to 15%, it may therefore be in particular from 1% to 5%, from 5% to 10%, by 10% 15% or 5% to 15% or 1% to 10%.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1

Photo SEM * showing machine paper mill (Gentil ^® + starch adhesive RI anco 1 * * (mark deposited by MARTEC HANDELS AG) less than 1 mm at a scale of 1 mm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by the Blancol ^® starch adhesive diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.ff/equipements/).

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Plant natural starch glue

FIGURE 2

SEM photo * showing a machine paper crush (Gentil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue ** **) less than 1 mm viewed at a scale of 500 qm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (cf. https://www.plateformeipgg.fr/equipements/).

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 3

SEM photo * showing a magazine paper crumb (Gentil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue **) less than 1 mm viewed at a scale of 2 mm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

* SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.fr/equipements/).

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch. FIGURE 4

SEM photo * showing a magazine paper crush (Gentil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue **) less than 1 mm at a 500 μm scale, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 5

SEM photo * showing a mixed paper mill (75% machine paper and 25% mineral fiber filled paper (called chenel) / Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch adhesive **) less than 1 mm viewed at a scale of 1 mm , distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch adhesive diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). Paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter.

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 6

SEM photo * showing mixed paper mill (75% machine paper and 25% mineral fiber filled paper (called chenel) / Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue **) less than 1 mm viewed at a 500 μm scale . distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch adhesive diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). Paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter.

* SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.fr/equipements/). ** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 7

Photo SEM * with a mixed paper mill (50% machine paper and 50% mineral fiber filled paper (called chenel) / Gentil ^® + Blancol ^® starch adhesive **) less than 1 mm viewed at a scale of 1 mm , distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch adhesive diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). Paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter. * MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.ff/equipements/).

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 8 SEM photo * showing a mixed paper mill (50% machine paper and 50% mineral fiber filled paper (called chenel) / Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch adhesive **) less than 1 mm viewed on a scale of 1 mm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by Blancol ^® starch adhesive diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). Paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter.

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https: //www.plateformeipgg.ff/equipements/e.

** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch. FIGURE 9

Photo ME B * showing a paper mill (+ PVA / PVAc copolymer) less than 1 mm at a scale of 1 mm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers locally bound by the PVA / PVAc copolymer diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). The pore size is between 10 μm and 500 μm and the paper fibers are agglomerated as size aggregates of about 10 μm to 100 μm in thickness.

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https: //www.plateformeipgg.ff/equipements/).

FIGURE 10

SEM photo * showing a paper mill (+ PVA / PVAc copolymer) less than 1 mm at a 500 μm scale, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by the PVA / PVAc copolymer diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

FIGURE he

SEM photo * showing a machine paper mill (+ PVA / PVAc copolymer) of less than 1 mm at a scale of 200 μm, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers locally bound by the PVA / PVAc copolymer diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part).

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope - TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.ff/equipements/). FIGURE 12

Photo ME B * showing a machine paper mill (detergent ** + Blancol ^® starch glue ***) less than 1 mm viewed at a scale of 500 mih, distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally by the starch glue diluted with water and forming the skeleton of an open pore microstructure (darker part). The pore size is between 10 mpi and 500 mih and the paper fibers are agglomerated in size aggregates of about 10 μm to 100 μm thick.

* MEB (Scanning Electron Microscope TM3030) from the Pierre Gilles de Gennes Institute of Paris Sciences et Lettres University (see https://www.plateformeipgg.fr/equipements/).

** Green housewashing liquid ^® , registered trademark of SWANIA, SAS

*** Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch.

FIGURE 13

Graph showing the evolution over time of the height of foams obtained with Genfil ^® , PVA / PVAc copolymer or washing up liquid in a clear glass container.

X axis: Hour to hour (h)

Y axis: Thickened foam height in mm (mm)

FIGURE 14

Graph showing the evolution of the stress as a function of the strain for each of the tested materials:

A. Genfil ^® Foam

B. Honeycomb + PVA / PVAc copolymer foam (film side)

C. Honeycomb + PVA / PVAc copolymer foam (cell side)

D. Plume Cardboard ^®

E. PVA / PVAc copolymer feather paper

X-axis: Deformation since preload in mm (mm)

Y-axis: Mega Pascal constraint (MPa) FIGURE 15

Graph showing the evolution of the force as a function of time related to the elasticity of the tested materials

A. Honeycomb + PVA / PVAc copolymer foam

B. Plume Card ^®

C. PVA / PVAc copolymer feather paper

D. Styrofoam

E. Yellow polyurethane foam

F. Green polyurethane foam X axis: Time in second (s)

Y-axis: Force in Newton (N)

FIGURE 16

Photographic tracking over time of the water absorption capacity of the material of the invention.

FIGURE 17

Photographic tracking of the recycling of the material according to the invention:

A. filling the mold with the recycled material in foam form, and

B. Smoothing with the squeegee of the latter before drying.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1 - Genfil ^® + ground paper

PROCESS

1. 70 g of water are sprayed onto 70 g of black and white printed paper mill (grain size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (trademark Kitchenaid ^® (registered trademark of WHIRLPOOL PROPERTIES, INC.)) CLASSIC DE 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula, to obtain a premix homogenously moistened homogenous;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Genfil ^® (TECNIC 3D brand) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 revolutions / minute ± 4 *) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

3. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 natural vegetable glue with starch) and 120 g of water are added to the preparation of point 2., and the whole is mixed at speed 6 ( = 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a foam volume equal to 4L (= capacity of the bowl) is obtained;

4. the foam obtained is deposited in molds with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm and a size A6 to Al; and

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

(* Attention the number of revolutions / minute was carried out empty, it is likely to vary down depending on the viscosity of the material to mix.)

PROPERTIES

The aqueous foam containing the ground material obtained after mixing is very stable and its volume remains constant to within 10% for 72 hours. After drying, the dry aerated paper structure obtained has a density of 83 kg / m ^3, ie approximately 90% of air.

The foam observed with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that it has an open porosity, with pore sizes between 10 and 500 mHi. It can also be seen that the paper fibers are agglomerated in the form of size aggregates. about 10 to 50 m thick. PROCESS

2. 120 g of a solution containing 10 g of Gentil ^® (brand TECNIC 3D) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 rpm ± 4 *) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

PROPERTIES

The aqueous foam containing the ground material obtained after mixing is very stable and its volume remains constant to within 10% for 72 hours. After drying, the dry aerated paper structure obtained has a density of 70 kg / m ^3, ie approximately 90% of air.

The foam observed with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that it has an open porosity, with pore sizes between 10 μm and 500 μm. It is also seen that the paper fibers are agglomerated as aggregates of size from about 10 μm to 100 μm in thickness. PROCESS lb

1. 70 g of water are sprayed onto 70 g of colored paper machine paper mill (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC OF 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by mixing manually with a spatula, until a premix of homogenously moistened crumb is obtained;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Gentil ^® (TECNIC 3D brand) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 revolutions / minute ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

SEM images of the foam were taken showing that the paper mill (Gentil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue), seen at a scale of 1 mm and / or 500 mih, is distributed in a network of bound multidirectional fibers. locally (by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water) forming the skeleton of an open-pore microstructure (see Figures 1 and 2).

PROCESS l e

1. 70 g of water are sprayed on 70 g of glossy magazine crumb (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC OF 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by mixing manually with a spatula, until a premix of homogenously moistened crumb is obtained;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Gentil ^® (TECNIC 3D brand) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 revolutions / minute ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute; 3. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 natural vegetable glue with starch) and 120 g of water are added to the preparation of point 2., and the whole is mixed at speed 6 ( = 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a foam volume equal to 4L (= capacity of the bowl) is obtained;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

SEM images of the foam were taken showing that the magazine paper mill (Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue), viewed at a scale of 2 mm and / or 500 μm, is distributed in a network of bound multidirectional fibers. locally (by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water) forming the skeleton of an open-pore microstructure (see Figures 3 and 4).

PROCESS l d

1. 70 g of water are sprayed on a mixture comprising 56 g of ground paper mill and 14 g of Chenel paper mill (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC DE 4 brand, 3L 5K45 S sold) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula, until a premix of homogeneously moistened ground material is obtained;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Genfil ^® (brand TECNIC 3D) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 rpm ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours. SEM images of the foam were taken, which show that the mixed paper mill (75% of machine paper and 25% of paper loaded with mineral fibers (called chenel)) (Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue), considering at a scale of 1 mm and / or 500 μm, is distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally (by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water) forming the skeleton of an open-pore microstructure. It also shows that the paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter (see Figures 5 and 6).

PROCESS l d

1. 70 g of water are sprayed on a mixture comprising 35 g of machine paper mill and 35 g of Chenel paper mill (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC DE 4 brand, 3L 5K45 S sold) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula, until a premix of homogeneously moistened ground material is obtained;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

SEM images of the foam were taken, which show that the mixed paper mill (75% of machine paper and 25% of paper loaded with mineral fibers (called chenel)) (Genfil ^® + Blancol ^® starch glue), considering at a scale of 1 mm, is distributed in a network of multidirectional fibers bound locally (by Blancol ^® starch glue diluted with water) forming the skeleton of an open-pore microstructure. It also shows that paper fibers with mineral fillers are lighter (see Figures 7 and 8). EXAMPLE 2 Copolymer Polyvinyl Alcohol / Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA / PVAc Copolymer) + Paper Mill

PROCESS

1. 70 g of water are sprayed on 70 g of black and white printed paper (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC OF 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula until a premix of homogenously moistened crumb is obtained;

2. 250 g of a solution containing 5% of PVA / PVAc copolymer (88% PVA / 12% PVAc) is added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 revolutions / minute ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

3. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-l Natural vegetable glue with starch) and 50 g of water are added to the preparation of point 2., and the whole is mixed at speed 6 ( = 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a foam volume equal to 4 L (= capacity of the bowl) is obtained;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

PROPERTIES

The aqueous foam containing the ground material obtained after mixing is very stable and its volume remains constant to within 10% for 72 hours. After drying, the dry aerated paper structure obtained has a density of 80 kg / m ^3, ie approximately 90% of air.

The foam observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that it has open porosity, with pore sizes between 10 μm and 500 μm. It is also seen that the paper fibers are agglomerated in size aggregates of about 10 μm to 100 μm in thickness (see Ligures 9-11). EXAMPLE 3 - Greenhouse ^® tableware + paper crushed

PROCESS

1. 50 g of water are sprayed on 70 g of black and white printed paper (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® CLASSIC DE 4.3L 5K45 S) and homogenized by manual mixing with the spatula, until a homogenous premix of homogenous grind is obtained;

2. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 natural plant starch glue) and 30 g of water are added to the preparation obtained in 1.; then

3. 18 g of washing-up liquid (green house ^® ) are added to the preparation obtained in

2., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 rpm ± 4) for 1 minute then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a volume of foam equal to 4L (= capacity of the bowl);

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

PROPERTIES

The aqueous foam containing the ground material obtained after mixing is very stable, its volume remains constant to within 10% for 72 hours. After drying, the dry aerated paper structure obtained has a density of 80 kg / m ^3, ie approximately 90% of air.

The foam observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that it has an open porosity, with pore sizes between 10 mHi and 500 pm. It also shows that the paper fibers are agglomerated as aggregates of size from about 10 μm to 100 μm in thickness (see Figure 12). EXAMPLE 4 - Genfil ^® + ground paper according to the invention (= paper made from recycled paper paper

PROCESS

1. 70 g of water are sprayed onto 70 g of ground paper according to the invention (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® (registered trademark of WHIRLPOOL PROPERTIES, INC.)) CLASSIC DE 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula, to obtain a premix homogenously moistened homogenous;

4. the foam obtained is more stable than during the original manufacture of paper feather, said generation of ^ieie or ^iere life, is deposited in molds thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm and A6 format at Al; and

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

PROPERTIES

The aqueous foam containing the ground material obtained after mixing is extremely stable and its volume remains constant to within 10% for 72 hours. After drying, the structure of dry aerated paper obtained, called 2 ^nd generation or 2 ^nd life, has a density of 83 kg / m ³ or about

90% air. EXAMPLE 5 - Genfil ^® + white glass crushed

PROCESS

1. 70 g of water are sprayed on 70 g of white glass grind, made from pieces of jam-type packaging glass (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a blender (Kitchenaid brand) ^® (registered trademark of WHIRLPOOL PROPERTIES, INC.)) CLASSIC OF 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula, until a premix homogenously moistened homogenous;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Genfil ^® (TECNIC 3D brand) and 100 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 revolutions / minute ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

3. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 natural vegetable glue with starch) and 120 g of water are added to the preparation of point 2., and the whole is mixed at speed 6 ( = 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a mixture equal to 2L (= capacity of the bowl) is obtained;

4. The mixture obtained which is heterogeneous, unstable and not foamy is deposited in molds of thickness 0.3 mm to 5 mm and A6 format to Al; and

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

PROPERTIES

The resulting mixture containing the white glass grind is not homogeneous. This mixture obtained from crushed glass has no hold and is disintegrated by hand seizure.

EXAMPLE 6 - usable glue

In order to test the impact of the adhesive agent, other methods have been implemented to obtain the solid, porous fiber material of the invention starting from:

• 50 g of recycled paper mill;

• 20 g of Genfil ^®

• 100 g to 200 g of water.

To this, it was mixed with either antifungal agent-free vinyl glue (10 g), non-woven wallpaper glue (10 g or 20 g) or agar-agar glue (20 g). . All made it possible to obtain foams but with different aspects and qualities.

EXAMPLE 7 - Usage test

PROCESS

1. 50 g of water are sprayed on 50 g of black and white printed paper mill (particle size less than 1 mm) in the bowl of a mixer (brand Kitchenaid ^® ) CLASSIC OF 4.3L 5K45 S marketed) and homogenized by manual mixing with a spatula until a premix of homogenously moistened groundnut is obtained;

2. 120 g of a solution containing 20 g of Genfil ^® (brand TECNIC 3D) and 50 g of water are added to the preparation of point 1., and the whole is mixed at speed 2 (= 84 rpm ± 4) for 1 minute, then at speed 6 (= 144 rpm ± 5) for 1 minute;

3. 10 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 natural plant starch glue) and 10 g of water are added to the preparation of point 2., and the whole is mixed at speed 6 ( = 144 rpm ± 5) for 10 minutes until a foam volume equal to 4L (= capacity of the bowl) is obtained;

5. The whole is left at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ° C for 36 hours.

After drying, different usage tests are carried out and the results are presented in the table below.

Table 1. Observations and remarks following the various tests of use.

EXAMPLE 8 - Stability of Foams The stability of the foams obtained using:

i. process lb of Example 1 (machine paper + Gentil ^® );

ii. the process of Example 2 (88% PVA / 12% PVAc Copolymer); and

iii. of the method of Example 3 (washing up product) was tested. For this, identical clear glass containers are filled with gravity and a spatula (without shaking or evacuating trapped air cavities). The spatula also makes it possible to sharpen the surplus of paper foam for each test sample so that the filling of the 3 containers is homogeneous. The filling of the glass container is done with great care to avoid breaking the formed bubbles, for all the foams (filling by gravity while trying to chase trapped air, by the mass of deposited material). The containers are then stored at ambient temperatures (+/- 21 ° C) and regular monitoring of the foams is performed to measure sagging foams over time. The results obtained are recorded in the table below and the corresponding graph (see Figure 13).

Table 2. Evolution over time of the height of the foam within the glass container. During filling, it was found that the gravity filling of each glass jar tends to trap more air for the dishwashing liquid than the PVA / PVAc copolymer foam and the Genfil ^® foam. The formation of a skin effect (faster drying with the surface in contact with the ambient air is present for the PVA / PVAc copolymer foam and the Genfil ^® foam.) The shrinkage is due to the evaporation of the water content in foams Genfil ^® foam does not remove the skin effect in a homogeneous way.A flange adheres around the neck of the pot.The PVA / PVA copolymer foam, sees a more homogeneous plug. this skin effect (faster drying of the surface) leads to a drying difficulty in the core of the PVA / PVAc copolymer foam and the Genfil ^® foam, as well as to a lesser extent the drying of the dishwashing liquid foam. A tendency towards stability is observed after 17 days (408 h), for volumes of 310 cm ³ and a withdrawal of 18 to 20%.

EXAMPLE 9 - Stress and elasticity of the foams

The stress measurements were carried out using a METEK TA 1 texture analyzer, based at CERTESENS (56, avenue Marcel Dassault, 37000 TOURS). A hemispherical measuring head representative of a digital form is chosen to exert the constraints on the samples (in their center in a continuous and local environment approach). The selected samples represent both the class of polymeric foams and the polymeric core sandwich material used in design and our fiber-air sandwich materials.

RESULTS - Constraint

Table 3. Observation of stress tests of different materials.

RESULTS - Elasticity

Table 4. Observation of the elasticity tests of different materials.

CONCLUSION

The porous, solid fiber materials according to the invention, even if they do not respect the homogeneous closed cell distribution of the classes of the foam families (see FIGS. 1 to 12), approximate their behavior to stress. Used as a core of a new sandwich material (mono material paper / multi materials), these aero-fibred composites based paper mill and derivatives (machine, magazine,% of cardboard,% of paper loaded) have similar performances, even improved. Thus, the elastic deformation property is greater than that of the Plume Carton ^® and the appearance of delayed elastic rupture, with a recovery of the elastic deformation after the appearance of a plastic deformation is unprecedented. The usual behavior of the materials being an irreversible rupture after the appearance of the deformation in the plastic domain, this new behavior with the stress, related to the sandwich structure of the paper pen, adds to the interest of using this material in the domains of creation, arts and applied arts. The sandwich material according to the invention (eg feather paper) thus has a fivefold interest:

1. the recycling of waste paper and by-products (short circuit for schools);

2. to give the hand, to the pedagogy of the schools of arts and applied arts, by facilitating the manufacture of this material of makeup by the students themselves, in situ, by controlling, the density, the thickness, the setting in shape ;

3. to allow the use of new, more precise tools (laser cutting) and ecological glue (starch) compatible with the paper components (which is not the case with the Fibreboard ^® ); and 4. to make recyclable material creative, which creative approaches use, including in their empirical and iterative explorations, that fill the garbage cans of the workshops (which is not the case of Carton Plume ^® ).

5. Filling a deformable cellular structure with the solid, porous, fiber material to freeze a given shape in the three dimensions of the space with, but preferably without, another external structure.

EXAMPLE 10 - Absorption capacity of water A water absorption test is carried out on a solid, porous fiber material according to the invention. It has been prepared in ENSAD Paris textile finishing workshop with:

• 50 g of recycled paper mill;

• 20 g Genfïl ^®;

• 10 g of starch-based glue; and

· 150 g of water.

Once the material is solid, porous, shaped fibers (without cover sheet) and dried, 5 ml of water are placed on the surface and a photographic follow-up is carried out. The results are recorded in the table below, in connection with the photographs taken (see Figure 16).

Table N ° 5 - Absorption test of 5 mL of water on the material

CONCLUSION

After a rapid absorption of the 5 mL of water locally, the paper foam core swells very slightly, the water filling the cavities of the open cells. The swelling remains light and peripheral (edge effect). After natural evaporation by convection, the micro structure Aero-fiber is found, the weight becomes identical to the initial one, with however a modification of surface which persists (slight relief).

EXAMPLE 11 - Recycling of the material according to the invention

For the purpose of recycling, the solid, porous fiber material obtained by carrying out the process 1a of Example 1 was milled via as follows:

1. the aforesaid material is reduced by means of a knife mill in order to disperse the material in calibrated or not smaller elements; and

2. These elements are screened using a series of sieves placed on a vibrating table in order to obtain a grind comprising a set of lower particles in particle size at least 1 mm.

Then, this grind made it possible to make a recycled material according to the following method:

1. is impregnated with a spoon 70 g of ^eie generating material homogenate with 70 g of water;

2. 20 g of Gentil ^® (TECNIC 3D brand) and 100 g of water are added;

3. 20 g of starch glue (Blancol ^® mark Reference BI-BLANCOL-1 Natural plant starch glue) and 40 g of water in twice 20 g are added;

4. the whole thing is kneaded;

5. in a mold with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 5 mm and a size A6 to A1, in which a sheet of paper soaked in water is already disposed at the bottom, is filled with a spatula with the recycled material below. above (in the form of foam), said of 2 ^nd generation, it fills the voids and equalizes the surface of the recycled material to the squeegee of bamboo;

6. a sheet of paper soaked in water is placed as cover; and

7. Allow to dry at room temperature (23 ± 2 ° C) for 96 hours before unmolding the material.

CONCLUSION

The recycled material obtained (second generation or second life) is similar in appearance to the mono-material sandwich material, called feather paper, first generation (or first life) (see Figures 17A and 17B). Similarly, there is good and long-lasting foam, and great workability that is to say that it is easily implemented in term of filling of cell voids and holding shapes with different geometries, and filling of the format of molds A6 to Al. The solid material, porous, fiber of the invention is recyclable and this without particular constraint .

Claims

1. Porous material, porous, of fibers, whose pores are of average size from 30 pm to 200 pm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and whose fibers are derived from crushed stone. at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

A porous, solid, fiber material according to claim 1, whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and whose fibers are derived from grinding at least one cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 0% to 10% water relative to the total weight of the material,

the density of said material is from 70 kg / m ³ to 100 kg / m ³ , an absorption of a substantially reversible amount of water, up to 20% total weight of the material,

it is foldable in a substantially irreversible way,

Porous, solid fiber material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

the network of the aforementioned fibers is multidirectional and / or

the aforementioned fibers are integral with each other and / or

the aforesaid pores communicate with each other.

A solid, porous fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which may be painted or inked.

A solid, porous fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said plant fibers are derived from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life.

A porous, fibrous, solid material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein

the adhesive agent is chosen from glues, especially based on starch, and the foaming agent is chosen from PVA / PVAc copolymers, the detergents based on the following mixture: grapes, licorice roots, black tea and lemon;

and may contain an agent for combating the development of microorganisms within said material, in particular an anti-fungal or anti-bacterial agent.

7. A solid, porous fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the ground material consists of plant fiber particles, 80% by weight of which have a width of less than 1 mm, in particular 100%, said particles having a size of 10 μm to 0.99 mm.

A solid, porous fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, said material being obtained from a ground material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

A solid, porous fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is capable of being put into a stable predetermined shape, especially in the form of a plate, in particular in the form of a plate whose weight of said plate is from 700 g / m ² to 1000 g / m ² .

10. A solid, porous fiber material according to claim 9, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface at least one of which is covered by a film, in particular chosen from sheet paper used as a fiber grind, and preferably printer paper issues; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life.

11. Porous solid fiber material according to claim 9, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface, at least one of which can be assembled by bonding to a film, in particular chosen from the paper sheets used in fiber grind. and preferably from printer paper; newspaper ; glossy paper ; cardboard; paper loaded with talc, fiberglass and / or ceramic and / or mineral; non-woven paper; felt or blotting paper in first life but preferably in second life.

12. Cellular structure whose cells are filled in part or in whole solid material, porous fiber according to one of claims 1 to 8, conferring rigidity to said cellular structure.

13. Porous material, made of fibers, whose pores are of average size from 30 μm to 200 μm and occupying a volume representing approximately 20% to 90% of the total volume of said material, and whose fibers are derived from ground material of at least cellulosic material of plant origin, containing:

from 50% to 95% water relative to the total weight of the material,

from 1% to 15% of adhesive agent relative to the total weight of the material, and which can be used as such or as an intermediate material for the preparation of the solid, porous fiber material according to claims 1 to 11.

Process for the preparation of the solid, porous fiber material according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:

a step of mixing a crushed plant fiber, foaming agent, adhesive agent and water, to obtain a substantially homogeneous paste, followed by an expansion step for a time sufficient to obtain a substantially homogeneous and aerated paste (containing from 20% to 60% of air volume relative to the total volume of the dough), and

The method of claim 14, wherein:

an adhesive agent in aqueous solution (adhesive / water ratio of the solution of about 1) is added to the diluted pre-pulp in a dilute pre-pulp / adhesive ratio of 1/9 to obtain a substantially homogeneous pulp,

16. Porous material, porous, fiber as obtained by the implementation of the method according to claim 14 or 15.