EP3742103B1 - Büchsenlauf einer schusswaffe - Google Patents

Büchsenlauf einer schusswaffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3742103B1
EP3742103B1 EP20175419.9A EP20175419A EP3742103B1 EP 3742103 B1 EP3742103 B1 EP 3742103B1 EP 20175419 A EP20175419 A EP 20175419A EP 3742103 B1 EP3742103 B1 EP 3742103B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
radius
projections
curvature
grooves
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EP20175419.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3742103A1 (de
Inventor
Emanuele SABATTI
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Sabatti SpA
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Sabatti SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/16—Barrels or gun tubes characterised by the shape of the bore
    • F41A21/18—Grooves-Rifling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of firearms.
  • the present invention relates to a rifled barrel of a firearm such as particularly, but not exclusively, a rifle and the like, characterized by a new rifling profile therein having a curvilinear trend.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a rifled barrel as above.
  • the barrels of firearms are usually manufactured from a solid piece of steel or other metal.
  • a central hole is obtained by drilling through the centre of the barrel using for example a drilling equipment with a straight-flute drill and the external profile of the barrel is thus obtained by means of an appropriate operating machine.
  • the size of the initial hole is generally slightly greater than the calibre of the barrel of the firearm when the barrel is manufactured by hammering.
  • twisting grooves are formed inside the barrel to create a rifling pattern.
  • the rifling pattern inside the barrel confers a rotation to the projectile or to the bullet which is fired.
  • the rifling makes the projectile rotate around the longitudinal axis thereof, so stabilizing the flight of the projectile and improving the aerodynamic stability thereof and the precision.
  • the rifling is provided inside the barrel as equidistant projections (or lands) separated by grooves (or voids) along the circumference of the barrel.
  • the projections are designed to keep the contact with the sides of the projectile while it is projected along the barrel, so imparting a rotation to the projectile which leaves the muzzle of the firearm.
  • the rifling inside the barrel can be made by various methods, particularly by cold hammering or plastic deformation.
  • Figure 1 shows a more common kind of conventional rifling, adopted inside a barrel of a firearm, which is globally indicated with the reference number 1.
  • the rifling 1 is composed of projections 2 and grooves 3 with relatively pointed edges which grip the projectile surface.
  • the top and the side walls of the projections 2 can be substantially at a right angle to each other or alternatively the top can form with the side walls an angle which is greater than the right angle.
  • Figure 2 shows another kind of conventional rifling, globally indicated with the reference number 10, which is characterized by the fact that it has a polygonal profile in cross section.
  • US 3,786,589 discloses a barrel for rifles and pistols equipped with lands and grooves, wherein the greatest measure of the groove calibre of the barrel corresponds to the minimum measure of the diameter of the projectile, and the land calibre amounts to about 96 percent of the groove calibre.
  • US 3,643,364 discloses a rifled barrel intended for use with small arms, particularly in combination with steel-jacketed soft-core ammunition having no special rotating bands provided on the exterior thereof, which barrel has a cross-sectional configuration such that the interior surface of the barrel defines a regular polygon with rounded sides and corners, which corners form the rifling in the barrel wall and represent arc segments spaced uniformly about the interior surface and having a common radius of curvature, the rounded sides of the polygon extending between the rounded corners and representing arc segments having a common radius of curvature of lesser magnitude than the first-mentioned radius of curvature, the transitional regions between adjacent arc segments having different radii of curvature being continuous.
  • US 2015007479 discloses a gun barrel comprising a bore traversing the length of the barrel; a plurality of lands, each of said plurality of lands having a predefined height and a top surface; a plurality of grooves on the surface of the bore, each sequential pair of said plurality of grooves being separated by one of the plurality of lands; and a trailing edge face on each one of said plurality of lands; wherein each of the plurality of lands has a land top to trailing edge ratio of no greater than 1:8.
  • the main aim of the present invention is hence to provide a rifled barrel for a firearm such as a rifle or the like, which is satisfactory from the functional point of view without having the drawbacks mentioned above with reference to the prior art.
  • Another aim of the present invention is to provide a rifled barrel for a firearm as indicated above which can be manufactured in a simple way and at low cost and particularly suited to the manufacture by cold hammering.
  • the barrel comprises a hole extended along a longitudinal axis of the barrel and delimited by an internal surface, wherein said internal surface has a closed curvilinear profile in cross section comprising concave projections (lands) having a first radius of curvature which are alternated with concave grooves (voids) having a second radius of curvature which is different from said first radius of curvature.
  • the concave projections are connected to the concave grooves in an alternate sequence along the closed curvilinear profile of the internal surface of the barrel.
  • the concave grooves have a first radius of curvature having an origin on the longitudinal axis of the barrel and a set length preferably corresponding to half of the dimension provided in the standards by the C.I.P. (Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms) where it is called "F”, according to the selected calibre.
  • C.I.P. Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms
  • the concave projections have a second radius of curvature which is bigger than said first radius of curvature of the concave grooves.
  • the second radius of curvature of the concave projections originates from a point which is diametrically misaligned with respect to the point from which the first radius of curvature of the concave grooves originates.
  • the curvilinear profile in cross section of the internal surface of the barrel has an even number of projections (rifling lands) and the projections and the grooves are arranged in diametrically opposed pairs, i.e. the projections are opposed to the projections and the grooves are opposed to the grooves along the above curvilinear profile.
  • the curvilinear profile in cross section of the internal surface of the barrel has an odd number of projections and the projections and the grooves are not diametrically opposed to each other.
  • This embodiment has the additional advantage that the projectile is better driven in the rotary path thereof inside the barrel due to the fact that it meets in opposed positions grooves and respective projections rather than pairs of opposing projections like in barrels with even riflings.
  • the rifled barrel according to the invention is particularly suitable for use on a firearm, such as in particular a rifle, intended for sports or competitive use. Nevertheless, the rifled barrel according to the invention is not limited to such a use.
  • the above aims are also achieved by a method for producing a barrel as above, wherein the concave projections and the concave grooves are formed by rotary hammering along the profile of the internal surface of the barrel.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show each a rifled barrel according to an embodiment of the prior art which has already been described above.
  • a rifled barrel according to a first embodiment of the present invention is globally indicated with the reference number 30.
  • the rifled barrel 30 has a substantially cylindrical tubular shape having an external surface 31, an internal surface 32 and a substantially central hole 33 delimited by the internal surface 32, the hole 33 being extended along the longitudinal axis of the barrel substantially on the whole length of the barrel 30.
  • the internal surface 32 has a plurality of projections (lands) 35 and a plurality di grooves (voids) 36 wherein the projections 35 and the grooves 36 are alternated with each other.
  • the internal surface 32 has a closed curvilinear profile in cross section wherein the projections (lands) 35 and the grooves (voids) 36 are both concave and are alternately connected to each other.
  • each groove 36 is shaped as an arc of a circle having a first radius of curvature R1 which originates from an origin point O located on the longitudinal axis X of the barrel 30.
  • the first radius of curvature R1 has a set length which preferably corresponds to half of the dimension in the standards provided by the C.I.P. (Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms) where it is called "F" which varies according to the selected calibre.
  • each projection 35 is shaped as an arc of a circle having a second radius of curvature R2 which is bigger than the first radius of curvature R1 of the grooves 36.
  • the second radius of curvature R2 of the projections 35 originates from a point which is diametrically (or radially) misaligned with respect to the point O located on the longitudinal axis X from which the first radius of curvature R1 of the grooves 36 originates and which can be considered as located on a circumference C (shown in dotted lines in Figure 3 ) of a circle having the origin in the point O on the longitudinal axis X of the hole 33 of the barrel 30.
  • the measure (length) of the second radius R2 which defines the arc of each projection 35 is defined based on the following criteria
  • the determination of the measure (length) for the first radius of curvature R1 of the grooves 36 and/or of the measure (length) for the second radius R2 of the projections 35 using the conditions as above based on the above-mentioned parameters of the C.I.P. standards allows to absolutely guarantee the shooter's safety and the integrity of the weapon in the use of commercial ammunition.
  • the greatest measure of the grooves corresponds to the minimum measure of the diameter of the projectile, and the land measure amounts to 96 percent of the grooves measure.
  • the dimensions for the rifled barrels determined with the above parameters for lands and grooves are not able to guarantee the safety of the shooter using a commercial ammunition.
  • the dimensions of the projections 35 and of the grooves 36 are defined by the above-described geometric calculation and by the number that the person skilled in the art decides to apply according to contingent and specific requirements and/or in order to obtain the best possible performances.
  • the rifling of the barrel according to the invention that is the multi-radial curvilinear profile of the internal surface of the hole of the barrel, can be manufactured in a simple way and preferably by cold rotary hammering which advantageously ensures a better geometric consistency of the profile of the rifling along the whole barrel.
  • the barrel 30 is equipped with five projections 35 wherein each projection 35 joins two consecutive grooves 36 along the internal surface 32 of the barrel 30.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show respective rifled barrels for a firearm according to further embodiments of the invention which are globally indicated with the reference number 40 and 50, respectively.
  • rifled barrel 40 or 50 which are structurally and/or functionally equivalent to corresponding elements of the above-described rifled barrel 30 will be assigned the same reference numbers as the latter and they will not be further described for the sake of conciseness.
  • the rifled barrel 40 substantially differs from the above-described barrel 30 in that it is equipped with six projections wherein each projection joins two consecutive grooves along the internal surface of the barrel.
  • the rifled barrel 50 substantially differs from the above-described barrel 30 in that it is equipped with seven projections wherein each projection joins two consecutive grooves along the internal surface of the barrel.
  • a portion of the first section di a rifled barrel according to Figure 1 and one of a rifled barrel according to the invention respectively at the projectile forcing cone are schematically shown in cross section in Figures 6 and 7 .
  • the forcing cone turns out to be narrower because of the presence of the square-profiled projections. This involves, among other things, that the projectile 60 is driven to a lesser extent during the insertion into the barrel and it can thus be inserted into the barrel according to a direction not coinciding with the axis of the barrel.
  • the rifled barrel for a firearm achieves the set aims and it obtains several advantages with respect to the rifled barrels of the prior art.
  • the rifled barrel according to the invention allows the sliding surface of the projectiles to be deformed to a lesser extent.
  • projectiles are slightly deformed according to alternated arcs of a circle having two different radii and not being notched as in the riflings of conventional barrels, hence avoiding high stresses to the projectiles themselves.
  • This advantageously allows the deposits of residues (copper for example) inside the barrel to be reduced, the other conditions being the same, thus requiring less frequent and much-easier-to-perform cleaning operations.
  • the rifled barrel for a firearm according to the invention has a bigger useful service life with respect to the above-described conventional rifled barrels. This makes the barrel according to the invention particularly suitable for use in automatic and semi-automatic weapons.
  • the smaller deformation of the projectile achieved by the rifled barrel according to the invention also allows the speed of the outgoing projectiles (muzzle speed) to be increased for the same calibre of the barrel and the same dose of propellant.
  • This increase in speed can be up to 8%. This is due to the fact that, due to the absence of edges in the rifling, in particular of edges that are impossible to fill as in polygonal riflings, the projectile succeeds in sealing much better the hole of the barrel limiting the forward leaks of gases and hence using the energy of the propellant in a more efficient way.
  • the particular multi-radial geometry of the rifled barrel according to the invention also allows the dimension of the pattern to be reduced since the ball is inserted in a more precise and reliable way into the riflings, causing the axis of the projectile to better align with the longitudinal axis of the barrel. This allows the number of the so-called "flyers" to be reduced, that is of the anomalous shots out of the typical firearm pattern and not attributable to an error of the shooter.
  • a further advantage of the rifled barrel according to the invention lies in the fact that the absence of edges allows the barrel to be polished in an easier way simply using felt pads and a lapping paste. The polishing of the barrel potentially helps to improve the shot concentration.
  • a further advantage of the rifled barrel according to the invention lies in the fact that the particular geometric shape of the barrel allows the deposits of coating material of the projectiles (brass) in the barrel to be reduced.
  • a further advantage of the rifled barrel according to the invention lies in the fact that, due to the different geometry of the forcing cone, the latter will be subject to a lower erosion by the incandescent beam of the combustion flame of the propellant preserving the weapon accuracy (ability to group shots) for a much bigger number of shots.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Lauf (30; 40; 50) für eine Schusswaffe umfassend ein Loch (33), das sich entlang einer Längsachse (X) des Laufs erstreckt und durch eine innere Oberfläche (32) begrenzt wird, wobei die innere Oberfläche (32) im Querschnitt ein geschlossenes krummliniges Profil aufweist, das konkave Rillen (36) umfasst, die einen ersten Krümmungsradius (R1) aufweisen, die mit konkaven Vorsprüngen (35) abwechseln, die einen zweiten Krümmungsradius (R2) aufweisen, der größer ist als der erste Krümmungsradius (R1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Krümmungsradius (R2) basierend auf den folgenden Kriterien definiert ist:
    1) das Doppelte des Abstands zwischen dem Mittelpunkt des Bogens (35), der durch den zweiten Radius (R2) definiert ist, und dem Ursprungspunkt (O) des ersten Radius (R1) ist gleich der Abmessung in den Normen, die durch die Ständige Internationale Kommission für die Prüfung von Handfeuerwaffen (C.I.P.) bereitgestellt werden, wobei der Wert entsprechend dem ausgewählten Kaliber als "F" bezeichnet wird, und
    2) die Innenfläche des Lochs ist in seinem Querschnitt gleich der Fläche, die durch die C.I.P.-Normen bereitgestellt wird, wobei sie entsprechend dem ausgewählten Kaliber als "Q" gekennzeichnet wird.
  2. Lauf (30; 40; 50) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die konkaven Vorsprünge (35) mit den konkaven Rillen (36) in einer abwechselnden Sequenz entlang des geschlossenen krummlinigen Profils der inneren Oberfläche des Laufs verbunden sind.
  3. Lauf (30; 40; 50) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die konkaven Rillen (36) einen ersten Krümmungsradius (R1) aufweisen, der einen Ursprungspunkt (O), der sich auf der Längsachse des Laufs befindet, und eine Soll-Länge aufweist, die vorzugsweise der Hälfte der Abmessung, die durch die CIP-Rechtsvorschriften bereitgestellt wird, entspricht, wobei sie entsprechend dem ausgewählten Kaliber als "F" bezeichnet wird.
  4. Lauf (30; 40; 50) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die konkaven Rillen (36) einen ersten Krümmungsradius (R1) aufweisen, der einen Ursprungspunkt (O), der sich auf der Längsachse des Laufs befindet, aufweist, wobei der zweite Krümmungsradius (R2) von einem Punkt entspringt, der bezüglich des Punkts (O), von dem der erste Krümmungsradius (R1) der konkaven Rillen (36) entspringt, diametral versetzt ist.
  5. Lauf (30) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das krummlinige Profil im Querschnitt der inneren Oberfläche des Laufs eine gerade Zahl von Vorsprüngen (35) aufweist, wobei die Vorsprünge (35) in diametral gegenüberliegenden Paaren angeordnet sind und die Rillen (36) in diametral gegenüberliegenden Paaren angeordnet sind.
  6. Lauf (40) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das krummlinige Profil im Querschnitt der inneren Oberfläche des Laufs eine ungerade Zahl von Vorsprüngen (35) aufweist und die Vorsprünge (35) und die Rillen einander nicht diametral gegenüberliegen.
  7. Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Laufs (30) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die konkaven Vorsprünge (35) und die konkaven Rillen (36) durch Drehhämmern entlang des Profils der inneren Oberfläche (32) des Laufs (30) gebildet werden.
EP20175419.9A 2019-05-22 2020-05-19 Büchsenlauf einer schusswaffe Active EP3742103B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT201900007101 2019-05-22

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EP3742103B1 true EP3742103B1 (de) 2023-11-08

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EP (1) EP3742103B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2970298T3 (de)
FI (1) FI3742103T3 (de)
PL (1) PL3742103T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11609057B2 (en) * 2020-12-15 2023-03-21 Carl E Caudle Circumferential rifling
SE2100109A1 (sv) * 2021-07-01 2023-01-02 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Eldrör
CN114046687B (zh) * 2021-11-02 2023-10-13 南京理工大学 一种提高弹头稳定性的轻量化狙击步枪枪管

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3643364A (en) 1969-11-07 1972-02-22 Theodor Koch Rifled gun barrel with the interior cross-sectional configuration defining a regular curvilinear polygon
CH536478A (de) 1970-06-18 1973-04-30 Rheinmetall Gmbh Mit verlaufenden Feldern und Zügen versehener Lauf für Gewehre und Pistolen
DE20002365U1 (de) * 2000-02-10 2000-05-31 Spindler Wilhelm Waffenlauf mit neuem Lauf-Innenprofil
US9212860B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-12-15 Daniel Kunau Firearm rifling

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ES2970298T3 (es) 2024-05-27
FI3742103T3 (fi) 2024-01-31
EP3742103A1 (de) 2020-11-25
PL3742103T3 (pl) 2024-04-02

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