EP3734755A1 - Combination antenna for mobile radio services for vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

A combination antenna for mobile radio / or mobile radio and radio services comprises at least one plastic film coated with conductive antenna structures and arranged over a base plate and at least one antenna connection point coupled to antenna structures on the electrically conductive base plate as an electrical counterweight to the combination antenna.

Description

The invention relates to a combination antenna for mobile radio services / or mobile radio and radio services. Antennas for cellular radio services from the prior art are designed as cohesive electrically conductive structures, for example made of sheet metal. Such antennas can be manufactured economically and even have the advantageous property of three-dimensional configurability. The mechanical combination of a plurality of such antennas, which can be manufactured cheaply, using this technology to form a combined antenna system, consisting of a number of individual antennas, nevertheless remains economically complex.

Antennas are also known which are made from flat plastic plates coated with electrical conductors, the electrically conductive antenna elements being printed on. The advantage of this antenna technology lies in the accuracy and diversity with which the natural frequency-sensitive structures can be reproduced. Under the condition of reasonable manufacturing costs, these antennas are limited to two-dimensional structures. Another disadvantage is the high production costs associated with the space-saving spatial and mechanical combination of several such antennas on the vehicle during mass production, as is the case with antennas made of connected electrically conductive structures.

The area required on the vehicle surface, the overall height, its aerodynamic shape and its wind resistance value are particularly important for the use of antennas on vehicles. However, due to the large quantities that are customary in vehicle construction, the economic efficiency of the production of such an antenna is of particular importance.

The multitude of modern cellular networks, such as those designed according to the LTE Long Term Evolution cellular standard or are still in development, requires antennas with extreme bandwidth. For the LTE mobile radio standard, for example, a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz is provided - hereinafter referred to as lower band - and above a frequency gap the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz, hereinafter referred to as upper band, is provided, as in Figure 1c shown. Often, a middle band in the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 1700 MHz is also provided, which is to be assigned to the upper band. With regard to the antenna function, the frequency gap between the lower band and the upper band is desired to protect against the radio services located there. Often there is a requirement to provide several such cellular antennas for several users on one vehicle. In addition, an antenna is often required for AM broadcast and FM broadcast.

It goes without saying that the use of the antennas and antenna arrangements presented in the present document is in no way restricted to the LTE system mentioned here as an example. In addition, these antennas and antenna arrangements can be used particularly advantageously in all communication systems in which multiple antenna systems are used in the frequency ranges described, for example in communication systems such as 5G, WLAN and vehicle-to-vehicle communication (Car2Car) e.g. in accordance with the IEEE802.11p standard etc. For these applications, antennas are required which, in addition to their electrical function, are suitable for vehicles due to their compactness and their stylistic properties, whereby the economic efficiency of production is of particular importance.

The object of the invention is therefore to create an antenna in which a combination antenna is designed from several mechanically and electrically integrated individual antennas for mobile radio services in a compact design in a simple and economically inexpensive manufacturing process.

This problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims and the description.

Disclosed is a combination antenna 1 for mobile radio services comprising at least one arranged above a base plate 5 and having conductive ones Antenna structures 2 coated plastic film 3 and at least one antenna connection point 4 coupled to antenna structures 2 on the electrically conductive base plate 5 as an electrical counterweight of the combination antenna 1 comprising the following features:
Starting from a particularly rigid, but flexible plastic film 3 coated with conductive antenna structures 2, in particular with the approximate shape of a rectangle or trapezoid, with two parallel broad side edges 6a, 6b and a first and a second longitudinal side edge 7a, 7b, the plastic film 3 is closed a particularly cylindrical or slightly conical longitudinally extending folding body 8 or a film tube 8 is folded or shaped.

The shaping of the film tube 8 is designed by multiple bending along straight bending lines 9 in the longitudinal direction 10.

The two longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b of the plastic film 3 are brought together in one embodiment variant on the base plate 5 and mechanically connected to this along a fastening line 44 parallel to the longitudinal center line 12 of the base plate 5, whereby the jacket 13 of the folded body 8, i.e. In the illustrated embodiment, the tube jacket 13 is segmented by the bending lines 9 and the longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b.

By distributing the bending lines 9, the cross-section of the tube jacket 13 can be formed as an inverted polygon with V-shaped surfaces 19 in the lower third of the total extension h of up to 12 cm above the base plate 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the cross section of the folded body is diamond-shaped or it has the shape of a kite.

There are at least one vertical monopole antenna 14 for radio services with frequencies below 1 GHz and at least one monopole broadband antenna 18 for radio services with frequencies above 1 GHz, which are each formed from conductive antenna structures 2 and each provided with an antenna connection point 4.

To design at least one vertical monopole antenna 14 for radio services below 1 GHz, in the upper area of the tube jacket 13 located above the conductive base plate 5, a roof capacity 15 designed as a Longitudinally extended flat conductor structure 16 may be present, which is connected at least at one point via a conductor track 17 printed on the tube jacket 13 to an antenna connection point 4 formed on the fastening line 44.

To design at least one monopole broadband antenna 18 for frequencies above 1 GHz, the tube jacket 13 is designed in the lower area of V-shaped mutually oriented surfaces or segments 19, on each of which a flat and conductive triangular structure 20 with the triangular height standing on the triangle tip 21 54 can be present, wherein both triangular points 21 converging at the bottom encompass the antenna connection point 4.

The design of the folding body or the plastic film 3 can (before the folding) start from a basically rigid, but bendable or foldable plastic film 3 coated with conductive antenna structures 2. The initial shape or the cut of the flat plastic film 3 can approximately correspond to the shape of a rectangle or trapezoid with two parallel broad side edges 6a, 6b and a first and a second longitudinal side edge 7a, 7b. The plastic film 3 can then be shaped into a cylindrical or slightly conical shape extending in a longitudinal direction 10 extending film tube 8. The in Figs. 1 to 3 , 11 and 15th illustrated embodiment, the folding body is folded into a parallelepiped.

The formation of the film tube 8 can be produced by bending or kinking the plastic film 3 along straight bending lines 9 in the longitudinal direction 10. The bending lines can also be embossed in the plastic.

In order to shape the film tube 8, the two longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b of the plastic film 3 can be brought together on the base plate 5. They can be mechanically connected to the base plate 5 along a fastening line 44 parallel to the longitudinal center line 12 of the base plate 5. The tube jacket 13 of the film tube 8 can thus be segmented regularly or irregularly by the bending lines 9 and the longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b.

By distributing the bending lines 9, the cross-section of the tube jacket 13 can be formed as a polygon with a V-shape standing on its tip in the lower region of the total extension h of a maximum of 12 cm above the base plate 5.

To design at least one vertical monopole antenna 14 for radio services below 1 GHz, a longitudinally extended flat conductor structure 16 designed as a roof capacity 15 can be formed on the plastic film 3 in the upper area of the tube jacket 13 located above the conductive base plate 5. This can be connected at at least one point via a printed conductor track 17 on the tube jacket 13 to an antenna connection point 4 formed on the fastening line 44.

To design at least one monopole broadband antenna 18 with the character of a conical monopole broadband antenna 31 for frequencies above 1 GHz, the tube jacket 13 located above the conductive base plate 5 can be oriented in a V-shape on both sides of the tube jacket 13 at the lower end of the tube jacket 13 Areas 19 each have the conductive structure of a triangular structure 20 standing on the tip of the triangle 21. The lower triangular tips 21 are electrically connected to one another. They can form the connection point for an antenna connection point 4 formed on the fastening line 44.

The electrically conductive base plate 5 can be designed as a coated circuit board 22, each with a cutout in the conductive layer for the design of an antenna connection point 4, which can comprise a connection pad 23 on the plastic film 3 and a ground connection 24 on the circuit board 22.

The electrically conductive base plate 5 can rest on the outer skin of a vehicle and the coated film tube 8 can be introduced into the inner cavity 25 of a bowl-shaped dielectric protective antenna hood 11 and encased by this in such a way that the long side of the base plate 5 is oriented parallel to the direction of travel 26 and the antenna protective hood 11 can be mechanically connected to the conductive base plate 5 at its opening edge.

For the mechanical stabilization and fixation of the film tube 8, the inner surface 28 of the shell-shaped antenna protective hood 11 can be designed in such a way that there are points of contact 27 between the bending lines 9 of the plastic film 3 and the inner surface 28 of the shell-shaped antenna protective hood. For mechanical stabilization and fixation of the folded body 8, the wall of the inner cavity 25 can also have at least one molded, in particular have straight contact edge which enables a line contact along a contact line 27 between the bending line 9 of the plastic film 3 and the inner surface 28 of the protective antenna cover 11. As a result, the folding body can also be jammed in the protective antenna hood.

Edge tabs 29 can be pronounced on the longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b of the coated plastic film 3 and the electrically conductive base plate 5 can be designed as a printed circuit board 22, along whose longitudinal fastening line 44 a slot-shaped collecting device 30 is guided, into which the edge tabs 29 of the plastic film 3 accordingly angled can be inserted and thus held mechanically.

For the electrical coupling of at least one of the antenna elements with the at least one antenna connection point 4 located on the circuit board 22, a connection pad 23 can be designed on at least one of the edge tabs 29 and on the circuit board 22 a contact element 45 for contacting can be provided on the slot-shaped collecting device 30 of the circuit board 22 of the connection pad.

At least one combined LTE antenna 42 can be formed from the monopole broadband antenna 18 for the LTE upper band with the character of a conical monopole antenna 31 and an antenna for the LTE lower band, which consists of the vertical monopole antenna 14 with a roof capacity 15 designed longitudinally Conductor structure 16 can exist, which can be designed in the upper region of the tube jacket 13 located above the conductive base plate 5 with a printed conductor track 17 to form an LTE antenna connection pad 32 common to both frequency bands.

A plurality of combined LTE antennas 42 can be present, of which at least two comprise the same roof capacitance 15, which can each be connected to a separate connection pad 23 via a printed conductor track 17.

There can be antenna structures 2 on the plastic film 3 for at least one combined LTE antenna 42 with a longitudinally extended conductor structure 16 designed as a roof capacity 15 and for an AM / FM monopole antenna 33 for AM / FM radio reception, the AM / FM Monopole antenna 33 can comprise the same elongated, flat conductor structure 16 as roof capacitance 15, but with a separate conductor connection 41 to the separate AM / FM antenna connection pad 47, with a separate antenna connection point 4 being formed on the fastening line 44 for each combined LTE antenna 42.

A combined LTE antenna 42 with a printed conductor track 17 between the end of the conductor structure 16 of the roof capacitance 15 extended longitudinally over the foil tube 8 and the combined LTE antenna connection pad 32 and the roof capacitance can be formed at both ends of the folded body or the film tube 8 The connection point 36 of the separate conductor track 41 to the conductor structure 16 of the roof capacitance 15 to the AM / FM antenna connection pad 47 can be provided approximately in the longitudinal center of the film tube 8.

The inner cross-section of the dielectric protective antenna hood 11 can essentially resemble the cross-section of a bell, which tapers towards the tip, and the cross-sectional shape of the folded body or the film tube 8 can be inscribed in the inner cross-section of the protective antenna hood 11 in such a way that at the height h1 with a suitable choice of the opening angle 53 of the tube jacket surfaces 19 meeting one another in a V-shape on the fastening line 44 on both cross-sectional sides at points of contact 27 with the inner antenna protective hood 11, bending lines 9 and suitable bending angles 35 are designed and at the inner tip at the height h of the antenna protective hood 11 Another bending line with bending angle 35 is present in such a way that with a gable roof-shaped design of the cross-section of the tubular structure for the flat roof capacity 15, both a sufficient width and the full utilization of the available height h under the protective antenna hood 11 given is.

To further increase the effect of the roof capacity 15, at a height h2 above the base plate 5 above the base plate 5 on the cross-sectional sides opposite to the cross-sectional center line 48, a further bending line with contact on the inner antenna protective hood 11 and a corresponding bending angle 35 can be selected in this way be that a mansard roof-shaped design of the structure for the flat roof capacity 15 is achieved.

The inner cross-section of the dielectric antenna protection hood 11 can in sections essentially resemble that of a semicircle and there can be a further bending line in contact with the inner antenna protection hood 11 in a plurality of heights h2, h3, h4, ... above the base area be chosen in such a way that the tube jacket 13 is clinging sequentially to the cross-sectional semicircle above the height h1 and the cross-sectional width 46 of the flat structure of the roof capacity 15 is designed to be effective.

If the foil tube 8 is sufficiently rigid and true to its shape, the contact with the protective antenna hood at the bending lines 9 for mechanical fixation of the film tube 8 does not necessarily have to be strictly given, although the available cavity 25 of the protective antenna hood 11 can still be used effectively.

It may be that an LTE combination antenna 42 with a triangular structure 20 and the conductor track 17 to the overlying conductive structure of the roof capacitance 15 is printed on at least one of the longitudinal ends of the folding body or the film tube 8 and an AM / VHF monopole antenna can be used 33, which is connected to the same structure for the roof capacitance 15 via a separate conductor track connection 41, wherein roof capacitance connection points 36 spaced apart from one another can be selected for decoupling the two antennas.

Instead of the closed-area structure of the roof capacitance 15, the electromagnetic decoupling of the two spaced-apart roof capacitance connection points 36 can be increased by the inductive effect of a meandering conductor structure 37, the oscillation amplitude 38 being selected over the cross-sectional width 46 of the planar structure of the roof capacitance 15.

To improve the electromagnetic decoupling between the monopole broadband antenna 18 for the LTE upper band and the monopole antenna 14 for the LTE lower band, the flat conductive triangular structure 20 can be designed by strip-shaped conductive lamellae 39 arranged in a fan-like manner in the triangular plane and converging in the lower triangular tip 21 .

To approximate the conical character of an LTE upper band antenna 31 with LTE antenna connection pad 32 at one of the longitudinal ends of the folding body or the film tube 8, the flat plastic film 3 serving as a starting base can be attached to a lower triangular tip 21 with the LTE Further conductive triangular structure 40 connected to the antenna connection pad 32 and provided with a suitable opening angle can be extended in such a way that, after the foil tube 8 has been designed by bending the extended triangular structure 40 along the broad side edge 6a, the two opposite triangular structures 20 are supplemented by the further triangular structure 40 in the sense of a cone simulation are.

According to a further embodiment, a folded body or a film tube 8 can also be provided, the jacket of which is not completely closed. In the embodiment of Figs. 8-10 is a folded body with a tubular jacket 13 open in cross-section, the inner cross-section of the antenna protective hood 11 should be inscribed in such a way that when only one of the two longitudinal side edges 7a is attached to the fastening line 44 at the height h1 on only one of the cross-sectional sides at points of contact 27 with the inner antenna protective hood 11 a bending line 9 and there a suitable bending angle 35 are designed, whereby at the inner tip at the height h of the antenna protective hood 11 a further bending line 9 with bending angle 35 can be present in such a way that starting from there, according to the gable-roof-shaped design of the cross-section open tubular structure for the planar roof capacity 15 the end 50 of the plastic film is reached.

It may be that, to compensate for the omission of one of the two V-shaped triangular structures 20 to approximate the conical character of an LTE upper band antenna 31 to at least one of the longitudinal ends of the film tube 8, the flat plastic film 3 serving as a starting base along the broad side edge 6a is extended by a first further conductive triangular structure 40 and it can furthermore be that a second further triangular structure 40a is attached to this via a common connecting side 49 in such a way that after the open film tube 8 has been designed, the first further conductive Triangular structure 40 along the broad side edge 6a and by approximately right-angled bending of the second further triangular structure 40a along the common Connection side 49 of the two adjoining further triangular structures 40, 40a, the remaining triangular structure 20 and the second further triangular structure 40a are oriented in a V-shape to one another and the lower triangular tips 21 of all triangular structures 20, 40, 40a are connected to the LTE antenna connection pad 32.

It may be that a multiplicity of combined LTE antennas 42 for frequencies below and above 1 GHz, each with a separate roof capacity 15 and a separate LTE antenna connection pad 32, are arranged in series along the longitudinal side of the film tube 8.

However, it may be that the structures for the design of the LTE antenna 42 are applied to one of the two sides of the tube jacket 13 and to support the frequency range below 1 GHz on the opposite side of the tube jacket 13 to the roof capacitance 15 at a minimum distance 68 im There is a substantially rectangular further structure 69, which is essentially rectangular-shaped further structure 69, which is substantially parallel to the roof capacitance 15 and is capacitively coupled to it, which is provided with a further conductor strip 67 with a high resistance for frequencies above 1 GHz and at its lower end with a connection pad 23 for the design of a Ground terminal 24 is connected.

• Fig. 1:
  1. a) Perspektivische Darstellung der Grundform einer dreidimensionalen Kombinationsantenne 1 aus einer Kunststofffolie 3 mit aufgedruckten Antennenstrukturen 2 als Folienröhre 8 (Parallelepiped) nach der Erfindung kombiniert aus einer Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 für Frequenzen oberhalb 1 GHz und einer Monopolantenne 14 für Frequenzen unterhalb 1 GHz. Die Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 ist aus elektrisch leitenden Dreiecksstrukturen 20 auf V-förmig zueinander orientierten Flächen 19 gebildet. Ihre Dreiecksspitzen sind am unteren Ende miteinander und zusammen mit einem Anschlusspad 23 elektrisch verbunden. Somit ist eine Monopol-Breitbandantenne 31 mit nahezu konischer Form gebildet, wodurch ihr Verhalten über eine große Frequenzbandbreite begründet ist. Die für niedrigere Frequenzen unterhalb 1GHz gestaltete Monopolantenne 14 ist aus einer Dachkapazität 15 und einer gedruckten Leiterbahn 17 hin zu einem Anschlusspad 23 gebildet. Die Dachkapazität 15 ist als längsausgedehnte Leiterstruktur 16 gestaltet, welche sich in Form eines Satteldachs über die gesamte Länge der Folienröhre 8 erstreckt. Die elektrisch leitenden Anschlusspads 23 sind sowohl für die Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 als auch die Monopolantenne 14 zur Gestaltung von Antennenanschlussstellen 4 auf den Randlaschen 29 aufgedruckt. Für den Aufbau der Antenne auf einem Fahrzeug kann die Längsrichtung der Folien 8 längs der Fahrtrichtung 26 orientiert werden.
  2. b) Querschnittsdarstellung der Kombinationsantenne 1 nach der Erfindung unter a) über einer elektrisch leitenden Grundplatte 5 als Gegengewicht zu den Antennen auf der Kunststofffolie 3 unter einer Antennenschutzhaube 11. Der Querschnitt der Folienröhre 8 ist beispielhaft als unregelmäßiges Viereck mit den V-förmig zu einander orientierten Flächen 19 am unteren Ende geformt. Die an beiden Rändern der Kunststofffolie 3 ausgebildeten Reihen der Randlaschen 29 sind am unteren Ende der Folienröhre 8 zusammengeführt. Zur Ausbildung von
     Antennenanschlussstellen 4 sind auf der Grundplatte 5 Kontaktelemente 45 zur Kontaktierung mit den auf den Randlaschen 29 aufgedruckten Anschlusspads 23 gestaltet. Im Beispiel ist die Folienröhre 8 der Antennenschutzhaube 11 in der Weise einbeschrieben, dass sie über Berührungspunkte 27 mit der Innenfläche 28 der Antennenschutzhaube 11 mechanisch gestützt ist.
  3. c) Frequenzbereiche nach dem LTE- Mobilfunk Standard als Beispiel für zwei durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennte Frequenzbänder im Dezimeterwellenbereich mit einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 698 und 960 MHz als LTE-Unterband und einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 1460 MHz und 2700 MHz als LTE-Oberband oberhalb einer Frequenzlücke. Bei Auslegung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationsantenne 1 für die beiden Frequenzbereiche nach dem LTE- Mobilfunk Standard ist somit die Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 dem LTE- Oberband und die Monopolantenne 14 dem LTE-Unterband zugeordnet.
• Fig. 2:
  Die Figur zeigt zur weiteren Erläuterung des Aufbaus der Kombinationsantenne 1 in Figur 1 in perspektivischer Teilansicht den Faltkörper bzw. die Folienröhre 8 nach der Erfindung, gekennzeichnet durch unterbrochene Linien unter der im Querschnitt glockenförmig gestalteten Antennenschutzhaut 11 in perspektivischer Darstellung. Die Folienröhre 8 ist durch Abknicken bzw. Abbiegen der ansonsten ebenen Kunststofffolie 3 längs den Biegelinien 9 in Längsrichtung 10 in der Weise geformt, dass auf der Innenfläche 28 der Antennenschutzhaube 11 Berührungspunkte bzw. Berührungslinien 27 zur mechanischen Stabilisierung der Folienröhre 8 gegeben sind. Die Folienröhre 8 ist an ihrem unteren Ende durch Zusammenführen der Randlaschen 29 an beiden Rändern der Kunststofffolie 3 gebildet, welche zum Beispiel in eine schlitzförmige Auffangvorrichtung 30 (Schlitze) eingesteckt sind, welche etwa mittig in Längsrichtung 10 auf der Grundplatte 5 ausgebildet ist. Antennenanschlussstellen 4 sind durch unterbrochene Kreislinien als Aussparungen der elektrisch leitenden Schicht auf der Grundplatte 5 angedeutet. Die Grundplatte 5 ist bevorzugt als beschichtete Leiterplatte 22 ausgeführt. Die daran befestigten Kontaktelemente 45 stehen jeweils im Kontaktschluss mit einem Anschlusspad 23 auf den Randlaschen 29 und bilden jeweils zusammen mit dem Massepunkt 24 die Antennenanschlussstelle für eine (nicht dargestellte) weiterführende Antennenzuleitung. Durch geeignete Wahl der Höhe h1 der Biegelinie 9 über der Grundplatte 5 ist ein geeigneter Öffnungswinkel der V-förmig orientierten Flächen 19 im unteren Bereich des Röhrenmantels 13 für die Gestaltung der Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 für das Oberband ermöglicht. Die Höhe h1 für die erste Biegelinie 9 über der Grundplatte 5 kann somit mindestens so hoch gewählt werden, wie die Dreieckshöhe 54 der auf der Dreiecksspitze 21 stehenden Dreiecksstruktur 20. Diese wiederum bemisst sich an dem Frequenzbereich, welchem die Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 zugeordnet ist, im Fall des LTE-Oberbandes somit dem Frequenzbereich zwischen 1460 MHz und 2700 MHz. Um diesen Frequenzbereich zu erschließen, kann deshalb eine Dreieckstruktur 20 mit einer Dreieckshöhe 54 in der Größenordnung von etwa 3 - 5 cm vorteilhaft sein.
  Ebenso kann hierdurch die Dachkapazität 15 unter Ausnutzung der gesamten verfügbaren Höhe h im oberen Bereich der Folienröhre 8 für die Gestaltung der Monopolantenne 14 für das Unterband dimensioniert werden. Insbesondere aus Gründen der Fahrzeug-Ästhetik wird eine möglichst geringe Bauhöhe h angestrebt. Realistische Werte liegen deshalb zwischen 5cm und 12 cm für die Gesamthöhe h.
• Fig. 3 zeigt beispielhaft, auf welche vorteilhafte Weise eine Vielzahl von Antennen auf einem Faltkörper bzw. einer Folienröhre 8 gestaltet sein können. An den beiden Enden der Folienröhre 8 ist jeweils eine kombinierte LTE- Antenne 42 und im mittleren Bereich sind die Antennenstrukturen 2 einer AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33 aufgebracht.
• Fig. 3a)
  Die perspektivische Darstellung zeigt am linken Ende der Folienröhre 8 eine Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 für Frequenzen oberhalb 1 GHz - d. h. zum Beispiel eine LTE-Oberband-Antenne 51- bestehend aus den beiden Dreiecksstrukturen 20 auf den einander gegenüberstehenden V-förmig orientierten Flächen 19. Die Dreiecksspitzen 21 am unteren Ende enden auf beiden Seiten jeweils an einem Anschlusspad 23 auf den Randlaschen 29, wodurch angenähert eine konisch gestaltete Monopol-Breitbandantenne 31 erreicht ist. An diesen Anschlusspads 23 ist die Monopol-Breitbandantenne 18 jeweils kombiniert mit einer Monopolantenne 14 unterhalb 1 GHz für das LTE-Unterband. Diese LTE-Unterband-Antenne 52 ist aus der Dachkapazität 15 und deren Verbindungsleitung als gedruckte Leiterbahn 17 zu einem der Anschlusspads 23 gebildet, sodass das Anschlusspad 23 gleichermaßen das LTE-Anschlusspad 32 für die kombinierte LTE-Antenne 42 bildet. Die Anschlusspads 23 auf beiden Seiten sind nach Einstecken der Folienröhre 8 in die schlitzförmige Aufwandvorrichtung 30 über das dort passend angebrachte Kontaktelement 45 elektrisch miteinander verbunden und bilden dort zusammen mit dem Massepunkt 24 die Antennenanschlussstelle 44 für die kombinierte LTE-Antenne 42.
  Zur Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung zwischen der LTE-Oberband-Antenne 51 und der LTE-Unterband-Antenne 52 ist die Dreiecksstruktur 20 durch in der Dreiecksebene fächerartig angeordnete und in der unteren Dreiecksspitze 21 zusammen laufende leitende streifenförmige Lamellen 39 gestaltet. Ebenso ist es zur elektromagnetischen Entkopplung der Antennenstrukturen 2 für die LTE-Oberband-Antenne 51 und die LTE-Unterband-Antenne 52 vorteilhaft, anstelle der geschlossen flächigen Struktur der Dachkapazität 15 für die Frequenzen im LTE-Oberband eine induktive Wirkung in Form einer mäanderförmigen Leiterstruktur 37 zu verleihen. Zur Beibehaltung der kapazitiven Wirkung der über die gesamte Länge der Folienröhre 8 längsausgedehnten Leiterstruktur 16 ist die Schwingweite 38 über die Querschnittsbreite 46 der flächigen Struktur der Dachkapazität 15 geeignet gewählt (vgl. Figur 4).
  In vollkommener Spiegelung hierzu ist in diesem Beispiel am anderen Ende der Folienröhre 8 eine weitere kombinierte LTE-Antenne 42 gestaltet. Besonders vorteilhaft hierbei ist die gemeinsame Verwendung derselben, als mäanderförmige Leiterstruktur 37 gestalteten Dachkapazität 15, wobei eine hinreichende Entkopplung der beiden LTE-Unterband-Antennen 51 an beiden Enden der Folienröhre 8 gegeben ist.
  Zusätzlich ist eine weitere Monopolantenne 14 unterhalb 1 GHz als AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33 für den AM/FM-Rundfunk, bestehend aus der Dachkapazität 15 und der gesonderten Leiterbahnverbindung 41 hin zum AM/FM-Antennenanschlusspad 47 gestaltet. Durch Wahl der Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstelle 36 für die gesonderte Leiterbahnverbindung 41 an die mäanderförmige Leiterstruktur 37 etwa in der längsseitigen Mitte der Folienröhre 8 ist eine hinreichende elektromagnetische Entkopplung der Antennen untereinander gegeben. Diese Entkopplung kann zusätzlich durch hochohmige Gestaltung der an den AM/FM-Antennenanschlusspad 47 anzuschließenden weiterführenden Schaltung - wie z.B. eines Verstärkers mit hoher Eingangsimpedanz sowohl im AMals auch im UKW-Frequenzbereich - weiter vergrößert werden.
• Fig. 3b)
  Querschnittsansicht der Folienröhre 8 in Figur 3a ähnlich wie in Figur 1b. Anhand der Abmessungen der ebenen Grundform der Kunststofffolie 3 und der geeigneten Biegewinkel 35 ist die Folienröhre 8 der Querschnittsform der Antennenschutzhaube 11 einbeschrieben. In vorteilhafter Weise ist hiermit sowohl die verfügbare Höhe h als auch die verfügbare Querabmessung für die Folienröhre 8 mit nur wenigen Falzen bzw. Biegearbeitsgängen zur Gestaltung des Röhrenmantels 13 ausgenutzt.
• Fig.3c:
  Querschnittsansicht der Folienröhre 8 unter einer Antennenschutzhaube 11 mit ausgeprägter kammartiger Form am oberen Ende. Zur Ausnutzung der gesamten verfügbaren Höhe h ist die Folienröhre 8 in ihrem oberen Bereich an die Innenkontur der Antennenschutzhaube 11 angeschmiegt. Hierdurch kann eine Dachkapazität 15 mit möglichst großen Leiterflächen-Anteilen mit großem Abstand zur Grundplatte 5 für die Optimierung der Antenne - insbesondere am unteren Ende des Frequenzbandes - gestaltet werden, wie es in der Figur 3c mit unterbrochenen Linien angedeutet ist. Im unteren Teil der Folienröhre 8 sind bis hin zur Höhe h1 die V-förmig orientierten Flächen 19 gestaltet. Die auf diese Flächen beidseitig aufgebrachten Dreiecksstrukturen 20 sind ebenfalls durch unterbrochene Linien angedeutet. Im beispielhaft dargestellten Fall sind neben den Abbiegungen der beiden Randlaschen 29 neun Biegelinien 9 in den Höhen h1, h2, h3, h4 und h zur Anpassung der Kontur des Querschnittes an die innere Form der Antennenschutzhaube 11 vorhanden.
• Fig. 4:
  Schnittbild bzw. Zuschnitt für eine symmetrische Folienröhre 8 nach der Erfindung mit zwei LTE-Antennen und mittiger Auskopplung zur Realisierung der AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33. Die Gestaltung der Folienröhre 8 nach der Erfindung geht aus von einer hier beispielhaft dargestellten ebenmäßigen, steifen, jedoch biegbaren und mit leitenden Antennenstrukturen 2 beschichteten rechteckförmigen Kunststofffolie 3. Grundsätzlich kann der Aufdruck der Antennenstrukturen 2 auf der Kunststofffolie 3 auf der Ober- und/oder Unterseite erfolgen. Im Beispiel sind die Antennenstrukturen 2 auf der sichtbaren Seite aufgebracht, sodass nach Abbiegen längs der Biegelinien 9 um die in Figur 3b dargestellten entsprechenden Biegewinkel 35 auf der Außenseite des Röhrenmantels 13 zu liegen kommen, wie in Figur 3a dargestellt. Weitere Biegungen entlang der links-und rechtsseitigen Längsseitenränder 7a, 7b der Kunststofffolie ermöglichen die Gestaltung der Randlaschen 29 für die mechanische Befestigung längs der schlitzförmigen Auffangvorrichtung 30. In Figur 2 sind die Längsrichtung 10 und die Fahrtrichtung 26, wie dargestellt, definiert. So bildet der Breitseitenrand 6a das links in Figur 3a dargestellte und der Breitseitenrand 6b das rechts in Figur 3a dargestellte Ende der Folienröhre 8. Die Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstellen 36 für die gedruckten Leiterbahnen 17 der beiden LTE-Unterband-Antennen 52 befinden sich in der Nähe der Breitseitenränder 6a, 6b jeweils an einem Ende der Folienröhre 8. Die Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstelle 36 für die gesonderte Leiterbahnverbindung 41 für die AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33 ist in der Mitte der mäanderförmigen Leiterstruktur 37 der Dachkapazität 15 angebracht. Die Schwingweite 38 und die Leiterbreite der mäanderförmigen Leiterstruktur 37 sind bei vorgegebener Querschnittsform der Antennenschutzhaube 11 für die Monopole 14 unterhalb 1GHz entsprechend einer günstigen Gewichtung aus der gestaltbaren wirksamen Höhe, Größe des Kapazitätswerts der Dachkapazität 15 sowie der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung gewählt.
• Fig. 5:
  Schnittbild der Kunststofffolie 3 einer in Längsrichtung 10 symmetrischen Folienröhre 8 wie in Figur 4 mit zwei LTE-Antennen mit mittiger Auskopplung für AM/FM jedoch mit gegeneinander versetzten, also mittig unregelmäßigen Mäandern.
• Fig. 6:
  Schnittbild der Kunststofffolie 3 einer symmetrischen Folienröhre 8 wie in den Figuren 4 und 5 mit zwei LTE-Antennen jedoch mit doppelten nahezu mittigen Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstellen 36 und mit beidseitig zusammengeführten AM/FM-Antennenanschlusspads 47.
• Fig. 7:
  Schnittbild der Kunststofffolie 3 einer symmetrischen Folienröhre 8 wie in den Figuren 4 und 5 mit zwei LTE-Antennen jedoch ohne Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstelle 36 für eine gesonderte Leiterbahnverbindung 41 zu einem Antennenanschlusspad 47, sondern mit jeweils einer gemeinsamen Leiterbahnverbindung 41, 17 zu einem gemeinsamen LTE-AM/FM-Antennenanschlusspad 32, 47.
• Fig. 8: Kombinationsantenne 1 mit über dem Umfang offenem Faltkörper bzw. Folienröhre 43 mit zwei kombinierten LTE- Antennen 42 und einer AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33 mit mittiger Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstelle 36.
  1. a) als Ausgleich für den Entfall einer der beiden V-förmig zueinander orientierten Dreiecksstrukturen 20 ist am Längsende des Faltkörpers 43 die Kunststofffolie 3 längs des Breitseitenrandes 6a um eine erste weitere leitende Dreiecksstruktur 40 erweitert und an diese ist eine zweite weitere Dreiecksstruktur 40a über eine gemeinsame Verbindungsseite 49 angehängt. Durch etwa rechtwinkeliges Abbiegen der ersten weiteren leitenden Dreiecksstruktur 40 längs des Breitseitenrandes 6a und durch etwa rechtwinkeliges Abbiegen der zweiten weiteren Dreiecksstruktur 40a längs der gemeinsamen Verbindungsseite 49 der beiden aneinanderhängenden weiteren Dreiecksstrukturen 40, 40a sind die verbleibende Dreiecksstruktur 20 und die zweite weitere Dreiecksstruktur 40a V-förmig einander gegenüberliegend orientiert und die unteren Dreiecksspitzen 21 aller Dreiecksstrukturen 20, 40, 40a sind mit dem LTE-Antennenanschlusspad 32 verbunden.
  2. b) Querschnittsdarstellung des offenen Faltkörpers 43 mit dem offenen Ende 50 der verkürzten Kunststofffolie 3.
• Fig. 9:
  Schnittbild der Kunststofffolie 3 der offenen Folienröhre 43 in Figur 8 mit Darstellung der ersten weiteren leitenden Dreiecksstruktur 40 und der über die gemeinsame Verbindungsseite 49 angehängten zweiten weiteren leitenden Dreiecksstruktur 40a. Die Verkürzung der Kunststofffolie 3 geht aus der Verkürzung der Breitseitenränder 6a und 6b hervor.
• Fig. 10:
  Schnittbild der Kunststofffolie 3 der offenen Folienröhre 43 wie in Figur 9 jedoch ohne mittiger Dachkapazitäts-Anschlussstelle für die AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33, sondern mit gemeinsamem Anschlusspad 32, 47 für die kombinierte LTE-Antenne 42 kombiniert mit der AM/FM-Monopolantenne 33.
• Fig. 11:
  1. a) Folienröhre 8 wie in Figur 3 in perspektivischer Darstellung, jedoch mit einer Vielzahl von kombinierten Antennen 42 für Frequenzen unterhalb und oberhalb 1 GHz mit jeweils gesonderter Dachkapazität 15 und gesondertem LTE-Antennenanschlusspad 32 der Einzelantennen. Die Antennen 42 sind entlang der Längsseite der Folienröhre 8 in Reihe angeordnet. Zusätzlich sind auf der Folienröhre 8 in den Freiräumen neben den kombinierten Antennen 42 quasi-konische Monopol-Breitbandantennen 55 für Frequenzen - oberhalb 6 GHz gestaltet - angeordnet. Auch diese Breitbandantennen sind jeweils mit einem Antennenanschlusspad für die Kontaktierung mit einem Anschluss auf der als beschichtete Leiterplatte 22 ausgeführten Grundplatte 5 ausgestattet.
  2. b) Seitenansicht einer Folienröhre 8 mit Antennenstrukturen in Verbindung mit einer beschichteten Leiterplatte 22, auf weicher weitere Schaltungsbauteile angebracht sind. Das Beispiel zeigt hierzu eine Satelliten-Ringantenne 56a und eine aus zwei konzentrischen Ringen gebildete Satelliten-Ringantenne 56b, welche beide auf der beschichteten Leiterplatte 22 angebracht sind. Ausschnitte 57 in dem Faltkörper bzw. der Folienröhre 8 ermöglichen die räumliche Kombination der Folienröhre mit der mit einer oder mehreren Satellitenantennen bestückten beschichteten Leiterplatte 22. Derartige Ausschnitte können natürlich bei allen dargestellten Ausführungsformen vorgesehen werden.
  Zur Gestaltung von LTE- Gruppenantennen können bei allen dargestellten Ausführungsformen die Fußpunkte der einzelnen Antennen 42 über elektrische Leitungen bzw. induktive und kapazitive Schaltungselemente miteinander verbunden sein (nicht dargestellt). Diese Leitungs-und Schaltungselemente können vorteilhaft auf die Folienröhre 8 gedruckt sein. Bei strengen Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit des dabei angestrebten Richtdiagramms der Gruppenantenne kann die Verbindung zwischen den Antennen vorteilhaft als Aufdruck auf den Faltkörper bzw. die Folienröhre 8 und somit ohne elektrischen Übergangskontakt auf die Leiterplatte 22 erfolgen. Der Aufdruck kann mit sehr kleinen Toleranzen mit hoher Langzeitstabilität der elektrischen Eigenschaften realisiert werden. Diese Technologie ist auch besonders vorteilhaft bei der Realisierung von Entkopplungsschaltungen zwischen den einzelnen Antennen, bei welchen besonders hohe Ansprüche an die Genauigkeit und Langzeitstabilität gestellt werden.
• Fig. 12:
  Seitenansicht eines Ausschnitts der Folienröhre 8 mit der Struktur einer kombinierten LTE-Antenne 42 mit LTE-Anschlusspad 32 im Fußpunkt zur Bildung der Antennenanschlussstelle 4 auf der elektrisch leitenden Grundfläche 5, realisiert als beschichtete Leiterplatte 22. Die Antenne 42 besteht aus der auf der Spitze stehenden flächigen Dreieckstruktur 20 als Monopol über 1 GHz und der Dachkapazität 15, welche über zwei Leiterstreifen 17 mit jeweils mäanderförmiger Ausprägung 62 mit der Dreiecksstruktur 20 zur Bildung des Monopols für Frequenzen unter 1 GHz verbunden sind.
• Fig. 13:
  Seitenansicht eines Ausschnitts der Folienröhre 8 mit Antenne 42 wie in Figur 12, wobei jedoch die flächige Dreieckstruktur 20 des Monopols für Frequenzen oberhalb 1 GHz durch in der Dreiecksebene fächerartig angeordnete und an der unteren Dreiecksspitze zusammenlaufende streifenförmige Lamellen 39 gestaltet ist.
• Fig. 14:
  Seitenansicht der Folienröhre 8 mit Antenne 42 wie in Figur 13, jedoch mit nur einem Leiterstreifen 17 zur Ankopplung der Dachkapazität 15 mit mehreren mäanderförmigen Ausprägungen 62 zur Erreichung der notwendigen Eigeninduktivität des Leiterstreifens 17. Zur Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Entkopplung zwischen räumlich benachbarten Satellitenantennen und der flächigen Rechteckstruktur 16 der Dachkapazität 15 mit Längsausdehnung 60 ist diese durch vertikal voneinander getrennt verlaufende, jedoch an ihrem oberen Ende über einen verbleibenden Streifen 70 zusammenhängende, streifenförmige Dachlamellen 63 gebildet.
• Fig. 15:
  halbperspektivische Seitenansicht eines Ausschnitts einer Folienröhre 8; (strichpunktiert) mit LTE-Antenne 42 wie in Fig. 14, deren Strukturen jedoch auf einer der beiden Seiten des Röhrenmantels 13 - vorderer Röhrenmantel 65 - aufgebracht sind. Zur Unterstützung des Frequenzbereichs unterhalb 1 GHz ist auf der dazu gegenüberliegenden Seite des Röhrenmantels 13 - hinterer Röhrenmantel 66 - eine zur Dachkapazität 15 in einem Mindestabstand 68 im Wesentlichen längsseitig zur Dachkapazität 15 parallel geführte und mit dieser kapazitiv verkoppelte weitere im wesentlichen rechteckförmige Struktur 69 gestaltet. Die rechteckförmige Struktur 69 ist über einen weiteren Leiterstreifen 67 (unterbrochene Linie), welcher an seinem unteren Ende zur Gestaltung eines Masseanschlusses 24 mit einem Anschlusspad 32 versehenen ist, verbunden. Zur elektromagnetischen Entkopplung von der Monopol-Breitbandantenne oberhalb 1Ghz 18 ist der weiterer Leiterstreifen 67 für Frequenzen oberhalb 1 GHz hochohmig gestaltet und hierfür mit mäanderförmigen Ausprägungen 62 versehen.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The corresponding figures show in detail:

• Fig. 1 :
  1. a) Perspective representation of the basic shape of a three-dimensional combination antenna 1 made of a plastic film 3 with printed antenna structures 2 as a film tube 8 (parallelepiped) according to the invention combined from a monopole broadband antenna 18 for frequencies above 1 GHz and a monopole antenna 14 for frequencies below 1 GHz. The monopole broadband antenna 18 is formed from electrically conductive triangular structures 20 on surfaces 19 oriented to one another in a V-shape. Their triangular tips are electrically connected to one another and together with a connection pad 23 at the lower end. Thus, a monopole broadband antenna 31 is formed with an almost conical shape, whereby its behavior is established over a large frequency bandwidth. The for Monopole antenna 14 designed for lower frequencies below 1 GHz is formed from a roof capacitance 15 and a printed conductor track 17 leading to a connection pad 23. The roof capacity 15 is designed as a longitudinally extended conductor structure 16 which extends in the form of a gable roof over the entire length of the film tube 8. The electrically conductive connection pads 23 are printed on the edge tabs 29 for both the monopole broadband antenna 18 and the monopole antenna 14 for the design of antenna connection points 4. For the installation of the antenna on a vehicle, the longitudinal direction of the foils 8 can be oriented along the direction of travel 26.
  2. b) Cross-sectional view of the combination antenna 1 according to the invention under a) above an electrically conductive base plate 5 as a counterweight to the antennas on the plastic film 3 under an antenna protective hood 11. The cross-section of the film tube 8 is exemplified as an irregular square with the V-shaped to each other Formed surfaces 19 at the lower end. The rows of edge tabs 29 formed on both edges of the plastic film 3 are brought together at the lower end of the film tube 8. For the training of
     Antenna connection points 4 are designed on the base plate 5, contact elements 45 for making contact with the connection pads 23 printed on the edge tabs 29. In the example, the film tube 8 of the protective antenna hood 11 is inscribed in such a way that it is mechanically supported via points of contact 27 with the inner surface 28 of the protective antenna hood 11.
  3. c) Frequency ranges according to the LTE mobile radio standard as an example of two frequency bands in the decimeter wave range separated by a frequency gap with a frequency range between 698 and 960 MHz as the LTE lower band and a frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz as the LTE upper band above a frequency gap. When designing a combination antenna 1 according to the invention for the two frequency ranges according to the LTE mobile radio standard, the monopole broadband antenna 18 is assigned to the LTE upper band and the monopole antenna 14 is assigned to the LTE lower band.
• Fig. 2 :
  To further explain the structure of the combination antenna 1 in FIG Figure 1 in a partial perspective view of the folding body or the film tube 8 according to the invention, characterized by broken lines below the in cross section Bell-shaped antenna protective skin 11 in a perspective view. The film tube 8 is formed by kinking or bending the otherwise flat plastic film 3 along the bending lines 9 in the longitudinal direction 10 in such a way that there are points of contact or contact lines 27 for the mechanical stabilization of the film tube 8 on the inner surface 28 of the antenna protective hood 11. The film tube 8 is formed at its lower end by bringing together the edge tabs 29 on both edges of the plastic film 3, which are inserted, for example, into a slot-shaped collecting device 30 (slots) which is formed approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction 10 on the base plate 5. Antenna connection points 4 are indicated by broken circular lines as cutouts in the electrically conductive layer on the base plate 5. The base plate 5 is preferably designed as a coated printed circuit board 22. The contact elements 45 fastened thereon are each in contact with a connection pad 23 on the edge tabs 29 and together with the ground point 24 each form the antenna connection point for a further antenna feed line (not shown). By suitable selection of the height h1 of the bending line 9 above the base plate 5, a suitable opening angle of the V-shaped surfaces 19 in the lower region of the tube jacket 13 is made possible for the design of the monopole broadband antenna 18 for the upper belt. The height h1 for the first bending line 9 above the base plate 5 can thus be selected to be at least as high as the triangular height 54 of the triangular structure 20 standing on the triangular tip 21. This in turn is measured by the frequency range to which the monopole broadband antenna 18 is assigned, in the case of the LTE upper band, this means the frequency range between 1460 MHz and 2700 MHz. In order to open up this frequency range, a triangular structure 20 with a triangular height 54 on the order of about 3-5 cm can therefore be advantageous.
  This also allows the roof capacity 15 to be dimensioned using the entire available height h in the upper region of the foil tube 8 for the design of the monopole antenna 14 for the lower band. For reasons of vehicle aesthetics in particular, the aim is to have the lowest possible overall height h. Realistic values are therefore between 5 cm and 12 cm for the total height h.
• Fig. 3 shows by way of example the advantageous manner in which a multiplicity of antennas can be designed on a folded body or a film tube 8. On both of them At each end of the film tube 8 is a combined LTE antenna 42 and the antenna structures 2 of an AM / FM monopole antenna 33 are applied in the middle area.
• Fig. 3a )
  The perspective illustration shows at the left end of the film tube 8 a monopole broadband antenna 18 for frequencies above 1 GHz - ie for example an LTE upper band antenna 51 - consisting of the two triangular structures 20 on the opposing V-shaped surfaces 19. The Triangular points 21 at the lower end end on both sides at a connection pad 23 on the edge tabs 29, whereby an approximately conical monopole broadband antenna 31 is achieved. On these connection pads 23, the monopole broadband antenna 18 is each combined with a monopole antenna 14 below 1 GHz for the LTE sub-band. This LTE sub-band antenna 52 is formed from the roof capacitance 15 and its connection line as a printed conductor 17 to one of the connection pads 23, so that the connection pad 23 also forms the LTE connection pad 32 for the combined LTE antenna 42. The connection pads 23 on both sides are electrically connected to one another after inserting the film tube 8 into the slot-shaped expenditure device 30 via the contact element 45 fitted there and together with the ground point 24 form the antenna connection point 44 for the combined LTE antenna 42.
  To improve the electromagnetic decoupling between the LTE upper band antenna 51 and the LTE lower band antenna 52, the triangular structure 20 is designed by conductive strip-shaped fins 39 arranged in a fan-like manner in the triangular plane and converging in the lower triangular tip 21. For the electromagnetic decoupling of the antenna structures 2 for the LTE upper band antenna 51 and the LTE lower band antenna 52, instead of the closed planar structure of the roof capacitance 15 for the frequencies in the LTE upper band, an inductive effect in the form of a meandering conductor structure is advantageous 37 to lend. In order to maintain the capacitive effect of the conductor structure 16, which extends longitudinally over the entire length of the foil tube 8, the amplitude 38 is suitably selected over the cross-sectional width 46 of the flat structure of the roof capacitance 15 (cf. Figure 4 ).
  In this example, a further combined LTE antenna 42 is designed at the other end of the film tube 8, in complete reflection of this. Particularly advantageous here is the joint use of the same roof capacitance 15 designed as a meander-shaped conductor structure 37, with sufficient decoupling of the two LTE sub-band antennas 51 at both ends of the foil tube 8.
  In addition, another monopole antenna 14 below 1 GHz is designed as an AM / FM monopole antenna 33 for AM / FM broadcasting, consisting of the roof capacity 15 and the separate conductor connection 41 to the AM / FM antenna connection pad 47. By choosing the roof capacitance connection point 36 for the separate conductor connection 41 to the meandering conductor structure 37 approximately in the longitudinal center of the film tube 8, sufficient electromagnetic decoupling of the antennas from one another is provided. This decoupling can be further increased by a high-resistance design of the further circuit to be connected to the AM / FM antenna connection pad 47, such as an amplifier with high input impedance in both the AM and VHF frequency ranges.
• Figure 3b )
  Cross-sectional view of the foil tube 8 in Figure 3a similar to in Figure 1b . Using the dimensions of the flat basic shape of the plastic film 3 and the suitable bending angle 35, the film tube 8 of the cross-sectional shape of the protective antenna cover 11 is inscribed. In this way, both the available height h and the available transverse dimension for the foil tube 8 with only a few folds or bending operations are advantageously used for the design of the tube jacket 13.
• Fig.3c :
  Cross-sectional view of the film tube 8 under an antenna protective hood 11 with a pronounced comb-like shape at the upper end. In order to utilize the entire available height h, the upper area of the film tube 8 is nestled against the inner contour of the protective antenna hood 11. This allows a roof capacity 15 with the largest possible conductor surface proportions at a large distance from the base plate 5 for the optimization of the antenna - in particular at the lower end of the Frequency band - be designed as it is in the Figure 3c is indicated with broken lines. In the lower part of the film tube 8, the V-shaped surfaces 19 are designed up to the height h1. The triangular structures 20 applied to these surfaces on both sides are also indicated by broken lines. In the case shown as an example, in addition to the bends in the two edge tabs 29, there are nine bending lines 9 at heights h1, h2, h3, h4 and h for adapting the contour of the cross section to the inner shape of the protective antenna hood 11.
• Fig. 4 :
  Sectional view or blank for a symmetrical film tube 8 according to the invention with two LTE antennas and central coupling for the implementation of the AM / FM monopole antenna 33. The design of the film tube 8 according to the invention is based on a straight, rigid, but shown here as an example bendable rectangular plastic film 3 coated with conductive antenna structures 2. In principle, the antenna structures 2 can be printed on the plastic film 3 on the upper and / or lower side. In the example, the antenna structures 2 are applied on the visible side, so that after turning along the bending lines 9 around the in Figure 3b The corresponding bending angle 35 shown come to rest on the outside of the tube jacket 13, as in FIG Figure 3a shown. Further bends along the left-hand and right-hand longitudinal side edges 7a, 7b of the plastic film enable the edge tabs 29 to be designed for mechanical fastening along the slit-shaped collecting device 30 Figure 2 the longitudinal direction 10 and the direction of travel 26, as shown, are defined. The broadside edge 6a thus forms the left in FIG Figure 3a and the broadside edge 6b the right in Figure 3a The end of the foil tube 8 shown. The roof capacitance connection points 36 for the printed conductor tracks 17 of the two LTE subband antennas 52 are located near the broad side edges 6a, 6b each at one end of the foil tube 8. The roof capacitance connection point 36 for the separate Conductor connection 41 for the AM / FM monopole antenna 33 is attached in the center of the meandering conductor structure 37 of the roof capacity 15. The oscillation amplitude 38 and the conductor width of the meandering conductor structure 37 are, given a given cross-sectional shape of the antenna protective hood 11 for the monopoles 14, below 1 GHz corresponding to a favorable weighting from the configurable effective height, size of the capacitance value of the roof capacity 15 and the electromagnetic decoupling selected.
• Fig. 5 :
  Sectional view of the plastic film 3 of a film tube 8 symmetrical in the longitudinal direction 10 as in FIG Figure 4 with two LTE antennas with central decoupling for AM / FM but with mutually offset, i.e. irregular meanders in the middle.
• Fig. 6 :
  Sectional view of the plastic film 3 of a symmetrical film tube 8 as in FIG Figures 4 and 5 with two LTE antennas but with double almost central roof capacity connection points 36 and with AM / FM antenna connection pads 47 that are brought together on both sides.
• Fig. 7 :
  Sectional view of the plastic film 3 of a symmetrical film tube 8 as in FIG Figures 4 and 5 with two LTE antennas but without a roof capacitance connection point 36 for a separate conductor connection 41 to an antenna connection pad 47, but each with a common conductor connection 41, 17 to a common LTE AM / FM antenna connection pad 32, 47.
• Fig. 8 : Combination antenna 1 with a folded body or film tube 43 open over the circumference with two combined LTE antennas 42 and an AM / FM monopole antenna 33 with a central roof capacity connection point 36.
  1. a) to compensate for the omission of one of the two V-shaped triangular structures 20 oriented towards each other, the plastic film 3 is extended along the broad side edge 6a by a first further conductive triangular structure 40 at the longitudinal end of the folding body 43 and a second further triangular structure 40a is connected to this via a common Link page 49 appended. By bending the first further conductive triangular structure 40 approximately at right angles along the broad side edge 6a and by bending the second further triangular structure 40a approximately at right angles along the common connecting side 49 of the two further triangular structures 40, 40a, the remaining triangular structure 20 and the second further triangular structure 40a are V- shaped opposite each other oriented and the lower triangular tips 21 of all triangular structures 20, 40, 40a are connected to the LTE antenna connection pad 32.
  2. b) Cross-sectional representation of the open folding body 43 with the open end 50 of the shortened plastic film 3.
• Fig. 9 :
  Sectional view of the plastic film 3 of the open film tube 43 in Figure 8 showing the first further conductive triangular structure 40 and the second further conductive triangular structure 40a attached over the common connecting side 49. The shortening of the plastic film 3 results from the shortening of the broad side edges 6a and 6b.
• Fig. 10 :
  Sectional view of the plastic film 3 of the open film tube 43 as in FIG Figure 9 but without a central roof capacitance connection point for the AM / FM monopole antenna 33, but with a common connection pad 32, 47 for the combined LTE antenna 42 combined with the AM / FM monopole antenna 33.
• Fig. 11 :
  1. a) Foil tube 8 as in Figure 3 in a perspective view, but with a large number of combined antennas 42 for frequencies below and above 1 GHz, each with a separate roof capacity 15 and a separate LTE antenna connection pad 32 for the individual antennas. The antennas 42 are arranged in series along the longitudinal side of the foil tube 8. In addition, quasi-conical monopole broadband antennas 55 for frequencies - designed above 6 GHz - are arranged on the foil tube 8 in the free spaces next to the combined antennas 42. These broadband antennas are each equipped with an antenna connection pad for making contact with a connection on the base plate 5 designed as a coated printed circuit board 22.
  2. b) Side view of a film tube 8 with antenna structures in connection with a coated circuit board 22 on which further circuit components are attached. The example shows a satellite ring antenna 56a and a satellite ring antenna 56b formed from two concentric rings, both of which are attached to the coated circuit board 22. Cutouts 57 in the folding body or the film tube 8 enable the spatial combination of the film tube with the one or more satellite antennas equipped coated circuit board 22. Such cutouts can of course be provided in all the embodiments shown.
  To design LTE group antennas, the base points of the individual antennas 42 can be connected to one another via electrical lines or inductive and capacitive circuit elements in all the embodiments shown (not shown). These line and circuit elements can advantageously be printed on the foil tube 8. In the case of strict requirements on the accuracy of the directional diagram of the group antenna aimed at, the connection between the antennas can advantageously be made as a print on the folded body or the film tube 8 and thus without electrical transition contact on the circuit board 22. The print can be implemented with very small tolerances with high long-term stability of the electrical properties. This technology is also particularly advantageous when implementing decoupling circuits between the individual antennas, in which particularly high demands are made on accuracy and long-term stability.
• Fig. 12 :
  Side view of a section of the film tube 8 with the structure of a combined LTE antenna 42 with LTE connection pad 32 at the base to form the antenna connection point 4 on the electrically conductive base 5, implemented as a coated circuit board 22. The antenna 42 consists of the one standing on the tip flat triangular structure 20 as a monopole over 1 GHz and the roof capacity 15, which are connected to the triangular structure 20 via two conductor strips 17, each with a meandering shape 62, to form the monopole for frequencies below 1 GHz.
• Fig. 13 :
  Side view of a section of the foil tube 8 with antenna 42 as in FIG Figure 12 However, the two-dimensional triangular structure 20 of the monopoly for frequencies above 1 GHz is designed by strip-shaped lamellae 39 which are arranged in a fan-like manner in the triangular plane and converge at the lower tip of the triangle.
• Fig. 14 :
  Side view of the foil tube 8 with antenna 42 as in FIG Figure 13 but with only one Conductor strips 17 for coupling the roof capacity 15 with several meander-shaped features 62 to achieve the necessary self-inductance of the conductor strip 17. To improve the electromagnetic decoupling between spatially adjacent satellite antennas and the flat rectangular structure 16 of the roof capacity 15 with longitudinal extension 60, this is separated from each other by vertically extending, however formed at its upper end via a remaining strip 70, contiguous, strip-shaped roof lamellas 63.
• Fig. 15 :
  semi-perspective side view of a section of a foil tube 8; (dash-dotted line) with LTE antenna 42 as in Fig. 14 , the structures of which, however, are applied to one of the two sides of the tube jacket 13 - the front tube jacket 65. To support the frequency range below 1 GHz, on the opposite side of the tube jacket 13 - rear tube jacket 66 - another substantially rectangular structure 69 is designed, which is parallel to the roof capacitance 15 at a minimum distance 68 and is capacitively coupled to the roof capacitance 15. The rectangular structure 69 is connected via a further conductor strip 67 (broken line), which is provided with a connection pad 32 at its lower end to form a ground connection 24. For electromagnetic decoupling from the monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz 18, the further conductor strip 67 is designed with high resistance for frequencies above 1 GHz and is provided with meander-shaped features 62 for this purpose.

Further advantages of the invention are described in detail below:
A particular advantage of a combination antenna 1 according to the invention consists in the possibility of placing several antennas for different frequency ranges and / or different radio services in a particularly compact manner on a common mechanical carrier. A particular saving in space results from the possibility of using antenna structures 2 in some cases several times for the design of the different antennas. The combination of all antennas to form the combination antenna 1 on a plastic film 3 with a thickness of between 0.1 mm, for example, printed on one or both sides with a highly conductive material structure and 0.5 mm enables a particularly low-cost production in a single printing process. The subsequent bending along less straight folds or bending lines 9 by known bending angles 35 is also extremely low-cost using the simplest automatic production machines for mass production. Likewise, the mechanical fixing and contacting with a base plate 5 designed as a conductively coated printed circuit board 22 with the slot-shaped collecting device 30 with contact elements 45 at the antenna connection points 4 can take place in a particularly simple manner without complex soldering. Thus the entire manufacturing process for the combination antenna 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for mass production for vehicles. For installation on vehicles, the longitudinal direction 10 of the film tube 8 with the protective antenna hood 11 is advantageously oriented in the direction of travel 26.

With cone-shaped monopole antennas, particularly large frequency bandwidths can be achieved. Such antennas are particularly suitable for frequencies above 1 GHz, i.e. for the LTE upper band. The three-dimensional design of the foil tube 8 according to the invention in Fig. 1a advantageously enables the implementation of an antenna with approximation of the antenna shape of a cone. On the basis of the cross-section of the tube jacket 13 as an upside-down polygon with V-shaped surfaces 19 in the lower area up to one half of the total height h, a monopole with the shape of an inverse pyramid is formed, which also has the desired conical shape with regard to the electrical Behavior comes close. The two triangular structures 20, which face one another on the V-shaped mutually oriented surfaces 19 and are conductively connected to one another at their lower tips to form the antenna connection point 11, come very close to the shape of a cone, so that an LTE upper band antenna 51 with a very broadband frequency response is formed. On the same foil tube 8, a monopole antenna 14 is also designed as an LTE sub-band antenna 52 for frequencies below 1 GHz, consisting of the roof capacitance 15 and the printed conductor track leading to the connection pad 23. The arrangement of this antenna is arranged in a space-saving manner in such a way that the roof capacitance 15 designed as a longitudinally extended conductor structure 16 covers the LTE upper band antenna 51 at a sufficient distance. From the cross-sectional drawing in Figure 1b it can be seen how the available cavity 25 in the interior of the protective antenna hood 11 is used to provide a sufficiently large space on the one hand To enable opening angles of the V-shaped mutually oriented surfaces 19 in the lower part of the foil tube 8 and, on the other hand, to realize the greatest possible roof capacity 15 in the upper part of the foil tube 8.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in Figure 2 the cross-section of the film tube 8 is adapted to the shape of the inner surface 28 in such a way that by bending the plastic film 3 along the bending lines 9 there are contact points 27 of the film tube 8 with the inner surface 28 of the antenna protective hood 11 and thus a mechanical fixation against vibrations is given. This fixation is also effective when the contact with the inner surface 28 is not strictly given, but that, due to an existing remaining distance, the oscillation amplitude of the foil tube 8 in the event of vibrations is small enough not to impair the electrical properties of the combination antenna 1. In principle, the film tube 8 can be mechanically fixed via connection pads 24 with the aid of soldering support points formed on the electrically conductive base plate 5. However, in a configuration of the invention that is significantly less complex and therefore more advantageous, as in FIG Figure 2 - A slot-shaped collecting device 30 is executed in the longitudinal direction 10 on the base plate 5, into which the edge tabs 29 formed on the film tube 8 are inserted in a form-fitting manner. At the antenna connection points 4 there are contact elements 45 which are insulated from the conductive base plate 5 and which establish contact with the connection pads 23 on the edge tabs 29. If the electrically conductive base plate 5 is advantageously designed as a coated printed circuit board 22, additional circuits, such as antenna amplifiers, cable connections, etc., can be designed with little effort.

In a particularly advantageous further development of the invention, the foil tube 8 is shown in FIG Figure 3a Carrier of two symmetrical versions of a combined LTE antenna 42 and an AM / FM monopole antenna 33 with a roof capacity connection point 36 approximately in the middle of the elongated conductor structure 16 as roof capacity.

The combined LTE antenna 42 is in each case - as in FIG Figure 1 - Applied as conical monopole broadband antennas 18 for the LTE upper band on the V-shaped surfaces 19 as triangular structures 20, so that they span an inverse pyramid which is similar to the shape of a cone. To the connection pad 23 thereof as a connection to the elongated conductor structure 16 in the upper area of the foil tube 8, the printed conductor track 17 located at the end of the foil tube 8 to form an LTE sub-band antenna 52. The connection pad 23 is thus also the LTE antenna connection pad 32 for the combined LTE Antenna 42.

Two LTE lower band antennas 52, two LTE upper band antennas 51 and one AM / FM monopole antenna 33, that is to say a total of 5 antennas, are thus implemented on the foil tube 8 in an extremely space-saving manner. Their antenna structures 2 are electromagnetically coupled to one another due to the partial double use and the small spatial distances from one another. In an advantageous further development of the invention - for better decoupling - the flat triangular structures 20 are designed by strip-shaped lamellae 39 which are arranged in a fan-like manner in the triangular plane and converge in the lower triangular apex. Likewise, instead of the closed, flat structure of the roof capacitance 15, the electromagnetic decoupling of the roof capacitance connection points 36, which are spaced apart from one another, is increased by the inductive effect of a meandering conductor structure 37. With the oscillation amplitude 38 and the conductor width of the meandering over the cross-sectional width 46 of the flat structure of the roof capacitance 15, the inductive and capacitive effects of the meandering conductor structure 37 can be matched. This coordination can advantageously take place in such a way that, with a suitable impedance termination, each of the two combined LTE antennas 42 located at the ends of the foil tube 8 on the associated LTE antenna connection pad 32 for the FM antenna performs the advantageous function of a laterally symmetrical invert-F antenna. Antenna on AM / FM antenna connection pad 47 is reached.

Out Figure 4 it can be seen that the flat plastic film 3 can be printed in a simple manner in order to proceed from it to the film tube 8 described. As an example, the figure shows the sectional view of the symmetrical version 1 with two combined LTE antennas and the central coupling for the AM / FM monopole antenna 33. If the plastic film 3 is designed as a rectangle with broad side edges 6a, 6b of equal length, the bend leads to the bending lines 9 as described to a film tube 8 that does not taper in the longitudinal direction 10. If one proceeds from a plastic film 3 in the shape of a trapezoid with a shorter one front broadside edge 6a as the rear broadside edge 6b, so that all the longitudinally directed lines in the image meet at a distant point, the result is a conical foil tube 8 that tapers towards the front of the vehicle. The shape of the foil tube 8 can be modified by the special design of the flat plastic foil 3 can be adapted in an advantageous manner to an antenna protective hood 11 predetermined by the design. When the film tube 8 is designed by kinking at the bending lines 9, the two LTE connection pads 32 come together locally, and when they are inserted into the slit-shaped collecting device 30, they are jointly contacted via the contact element 45 at the associated antenna connection point 4.

Figure 5 shows a sectional view variant according to the invention as in FIG Figure 4 with two combined LTE antennas 42 and central decoupling at the roof capacitance connection point 36 for the separate conductor track connection 41 to the AM / FM antenna connection pad 47, but with an irregular meander structure.

Figure 6 shows a sectional view variant according to the invention as in FIG Figure 4 with two combined LTE antennas 42 and with two approximately central couplings at roof capacitance connection points 36 at different points of the meandering conductor structure 37 on both sides. When the film tube 8 is designed by kinking at the bending lines 9, the two AM / FM antenna connection pads 47 come together locally and, when inserted into the slit-shaped collecting device 30, are jointly contacted via the contact element 45 at the associated antenna connection point 4.

Figure 7 shows a sectional view variant according to the invention as in FIG Figure 4 but without a central roof capacitance connection point 36 of the separate conductor connection 41 but with the common conductor connection 17, 41 for the design of a common connection pad 32, 47 as an LTE antenna connection pad 32 and AM / FM antenna connection pad 47.

As further advantageous embodiments of the invention, FIG Figure 8a a foil tube 43 designed with the tube jacket open in the tube cross-section. This is made with a plastic film 3 with shortened broad side edges 6a, 6b. This shape can be advantageous for reasons of material efficiency. The open tube jacket 13 is in Figure 8b the inner cross-section of the antenna protection hood 11 inscribed in such a way that, when fastened, only one of the two longitudinal side edges 7a meets only one of the cross-sectional sides at contact points 27 at the fastening line 44 at the height h1. Starting from there, after the cross-section of the open tubular structure has been designed in the shape of a gable roof, the flat roof capacity 15 has reached the end 50 of the plastic film 3. Due to the shortening of the plastic film 3, one of the V-shaped surfaces 19 and thus one of the triangular structures 20 is omitted on one side. The invention therefore provides for maintaining the shape of a cone for the monopole broadband antenna 18 to be formed in the shape of a pyramid standing on top , the rectangular plastic film 3 - as in Figure 10 shown - to expand on both sides by a first further conductive triangular structure 40 and attached to this by a second further triangular structure 40a. The expansion takes place in such a way that the triangular structure 40a is attached via a common connecting side 49 in such a way and that after the design of the open film tube 8 by approximately right-angled bending of the first further conductive triangular structure 40 along the broad side edge 6a and by approximately right-angled bending of the second further triangular structure 40a along the common connecting side 49 of the two adjacent further triangular structures 40, 40a, the remaining triangular structure 20 and the second further triangular structure 40a are oriented in a V-shape to one another and the lower triangular tips 21 of all triangular structures 20, 40, 40a with the LTE antenna connection pad 32 are connected.

• a) zeigt, ähnlich wie in Figur 3, in perspektivische Darstellung, auf welch vorteilhafte Weise eine Vielzahl von kombinierten Antennen 42 für Frequenzen unterhalb und oberhalb 1 GHz mit jeweils gesonderter Dachkapazität 15 und gesondertem LTE-Antennenanschlusspad 32 entlang der Längsseite der Folienröhre 8 in Reihe angeordnet werden können. Zusätzlich können auf analoge Weise quasi-konische Monopol-Breitbandantennen 55 für Frequenzen oberhalb 6 GHz auf der Folienröhre gestaltet sein, welche in den Freiräumen neben den kombinierten Antennen 42 angeordnet sind. Auch diese Breitbandantennen 55 sind jeweils mit einem Antennenanschlusspad zur Kontaktierung mit einem Anschluss auf der als beschichtete Leiterplatte 22 ausgeführten Grundplatte 5 ausgestattet.
• In Fig. 11 b) ist die mit Antennenstrukturen ausgestattete Folienröhre 8 von der Seite dargestellt. Daraus geht hervor, auf welche Weise sie mit der beschichteten Leiterplatte 22 verbunden ist. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise können weitere Schaltungsbauteile, wie zum Beispiel eine Satelliten-Ringantenne 56a und eine aus konzentrischen Satelliten-Ring Antennen 56b auf der beschichteten Leiterplatte 22 angebracht sein. Entsprechende Ausschnitte 57 der Folienröhre 8 ermöglichen die räumliche Kombination der Folienröhre mit der beschichteten Leiterplatte 22. Mithilfe der als gedruckte Leiterbahnen auf der Leiterplatte 22 gestalteten elektrischen Schaltungen können Antennen zum Beispiel zur Gestaltung von Richtwirkung etc. miteinander verschaltet werden. Bei modernen Kommunikationsanlagen kommen Antennentechnologien wie multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) und Einsatz von hoch komplexen Mehrantennensystemen in Frage.

Figure 11 :

• a) shows, similar to in Figure 3 , in a perspective view of the advantageous manner in which a plurality of combined antennas 42 for frequencies below and above 1 GHz, each with a separate roof capacity 15 and a separate LTE antenna connection pad 32, can be arranged in series along the long side of the foil tube 8. In addition, quasi-conical monopole broadband antennas 55 for frequencies above 6 GHz can be designed on the foil tube in an analogous manner, which antennas are arranged in the free spaces next to the combined antennas 42. These broadband antennas 55 are also each equipped with an antenna connection pad for making contact with a connection on the base plate 5 designed as a coated printed circuit board 22.
• In Fig. 11 b) is the foil tube 8 equipped with antenna structures from the side shown. This shows how it is connected to the coated printed circuit board 22. In a particularly advantageous manner, further circuit components, such as a satellite ring antenna 56a and a concentric satellite ring antenna 56b, can be attached to the coated circuit board 22. Corresponding cutouts 57 of the foil tube 8 enable the spatial combination of the foil tube with the coated printed circuit board 22. With the aid of the electrical circuits designed as printed conductor tracks on the printed circuit board 22, antennas can be interconnected, for example to create directivity etc. In modern communication systems, antenna technologies such as multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and the use of highly complex multiple antenna systems come into question.

The Figures 12-14 show, by way of example, structures of combined LTE antennas 42, which can advantageously be applied to a film tube 8, that is to say with little effort. Shown in each case is the side view of a section of the film tube 8 with the structure of a combined LTE antenna 42 with LTE connection pad 32 at the base to form the antenna connection point 4 on the electrically conductive base surface 5 as a coated circuit board 22.

With combined LTE antennas 42 of this type, for example, the adaptation value VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) <3 is required for the adaptation of antenna systems to the standardized impedance of Z0 = 50 ohms prescribed for vehicles in the entire frequency range. In the case of an antenna according to the invention in its complete design at the antenna connection point 4, this value can in principle be achieved with an antenna height h of 6 cm. The properties of the monopole antenna 14 below 1 GHz are essentially determined by its antenna height h and by the size of the flat roof capacity 15, the horizontal extent 16 of which is approximately 6 cm larger, i.e. about at least three times larger than the vertical extent 61 A significantly larger vertical extension 61 increases the capacitance value of the roof capacitance 15, but reduces the effective height of the monopole antenna 14, which, in contrast to the capacitance value, is included in the formation of the frequency bandwidth of this antenna as a square.

The formation of monopole broadband antenna for frequencies above 1Ghz 18 in Figure 12 is essentially given by the flat triangular structure 20, provided that the inductive effect of the conductor strips 17 with a narrow strip conductor width 64 for the separation of radio signals with frequencies above 1 GHz from the roof capacity 15 is sufficiently large. To increase this separating effect, it is provided according to the invention that the conductor strips 17 are provided with meander-shaped impressions 62. Naturally, the functional division of the combined LTE antennas 42 into the monopole antenna 14 below 1 GHz and the monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz 18 cannot be viewed strictly. Rather, the transition between the effects is fluid and the subdivision is to be understood as a description of the main effects in the two frequency ranges. The mode of operation of the monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz 18 located above the conductive base area 2 is essentially given by the design of the flat triangular structure 20. In the interest of a particularly broadband behavior, a flat triangular structure 4 standing on its tip with a triangular opening angle 53 is provided, the tip of which is connected to the LTE antenna connection pad 32. This, together with the ground connection point on the conductive base area 5, forms the antenna connection point 4 for the combined LTE antenna 42. The height of the base line of the flat triangular structure 18 above the conductive base area 5 essentially forms the effective height of the monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz 18, by which the frequency behavior is essentially determined. For reasons of the vertical radiation pattern for communication with terrestrial transmitting and receiving points, the height of the monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz should not be greater than about 1/3 of the free space wavelength at the upper LTE frequency limit. Values between 30 and 90 degrees have proven to be favorable as triangular opening angles 12. The resulting broadband triangular structure 18 makes it possible, for example, to comply with the requirement for impedance matching at the base point, the value of VSWR <2.5 in the frequency range above 1 GHz, which is also frequently made.

To further improve the frequency bandwidth of the monopole broadband antenna above 1Ghz 18, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional structure is formed for this, which is formed from the two-dimensional structure in the manner described above in that on the opposite side of the lower end V -shaped oriented surfaces 19 of the Foil tube 8 an approximately congruent triangular structure 20 is applied, so that instead of the flat triangular structure 18, an approximately conical structure is effective.

For better decoupling of radiation with neighboring antennas or antenna structures, the planar triangular structure 20 is provided by strip-shaped lamellae 39 converging fan-like in the lower triangle tip, as in FIG Figure 13 shown to perform. By attaching the same structure to the opposite side of the V-shaped oriented surfaces 19 of the film tube 8, an advantageously broadband, quasi-conical monopole broadband antenna above 1 GHz 18 is simulated.

To avoid disturbing electromagnetic coupling between adjacent antenna structures and the flat rectangular structure of the monopole antenna 14 forming the roof capacitance 15 below 1 GHz, this is according to the invention essentially by vertically electrically conductive separated from each other, but at its upper end connected by a remaining strip 16 Roof louvers 63, as in the Figures 14 and 15th shown, executed.

In the semi-perspective side view of a section of the foil tube 8; (dash-dotted) in Fig. 15 are the structures of the in Figure 14 LTE antenna 42 shown, however, is applied to only one of the two sides of the tube jacket 13 - the front tube jacket 65. To support the frequency range below 1 GHz, on the opposite side of the tube jacket 13 - i.e. on the rear tube jacket 66 - there is a further rectangular structure 69 that is parallel to the roof capacity 15 at a minimum distance 68 and is capacitively coupled to the roof capacity 15 . The connection of this rectangular structure 69 via a further conductor strip 67 (dash-dotted line) to the ground connection 24 on the conductive base plate 5 gives the monopole antenna an expansion of the frequency bandwidth at the lower end of the frequency band below 1 GHz.
The further rectangular structure 69 is arranged at a minimum distance 68 essentially parallel to the first rectangular structure 16 and the further conductor strip 67 is designed with high resistance for frequencies above 1 GHz by choosing a sufficiently small strip conductor width 64 and by meandering features 62. The roof capacity 15 and the further rectangular structure 69 can be chosen differently in size. By choosing a suitable minimum distance 68 in connection with the horizontal extent of the further rectangular structure 69, the expansion of the frequency range at the lower end of the LTE frequency band can be optimized. In particular, to meet the adaptation requirement with VSWR <3 at the lowest frequencies of the LTE frequency band, the capacitive coupling of the longitudinally extended conductor structure 16 of the roof capacitance 15 with the further rectangular structure 69 connected to the ground 5 is particularly helpful.

Further advantageous embodiments are:
A combination antenna in which the inner cross-section of the dielectric antenna protective hood 11 is essentially the same as the cross-section of a bell, which tapers towards the tip and the cross-sectional shape of the folded body 8 of the inner surface 28 of the antenna protective hood 11 is inscribed in such a way that at height h1 at suitable choice of the opening angle 53 of the tube jacket surfaces 19 meeting one another in a V-shape on the fastening line 44 on both cross-sectional sides at points of contact 27 with the inner antenna protective hood 11, bending lines 9 and suitable bending angles 35 are designed and another at the inner tip at the height h of the antenna protective hood 11 Bending line with bending angle 35 is present in such a way that with a gable roof-shaped design of the cross-section of the folding body 8 for the flat roof capacity 15, both a sufficient width and the full utilization of the available height h under the protective antenna hood 11 is given .

A combination antenna, in which, however, to further increase the effect of the roof capacity 15 at a height h2 above the base plate 5 above the height h1, on the cross-sectional sides opposite to the cross-sectional center line 48, there is a further bending line 9 with contact on the inner antenna protective hood 11 and a corresponding one Bending angle 35 is selected in such a way that a mansard roof-shaped design of the structure for the flat roof capacity 15 is achieved.

A combination antenna in which, however, the inner cross-section of the dielectric antenna protective hood 11 is essentially the same as that of a semicircle and in a large number of heights h2, h3, h4, ... above the base area above the height h1 a further bending line with contact on the inner antenna protective hood 11 is selected in such a way that the tube jacket 13 is sequentially clung to the cross-sectional semicircle above the height h1 and the cross-sectional width 46 of the flat structure of the roof capacitance 15 is designed to be effective.

A combination antenna in which a folded body 43 with a tubular jacket 13 that is open in cross-section is inscribed in the inner cross-section of the antenna protective hood 11 in such a way that when only one of the two longitudinal side edges 7a is attached to the attachment line 44 at the height h1 on only one of the cross-sectional sides at points of contact 27 with the inner antenna protective hood 11 a bending line 9 and there a suitable bending angle 35 are designed and at the inner tip at the height h of the antenna protective hood 11 a further bending line 9 with bending angle 35 is present in such a way that starting from there according to a gable roof-shaped design of the Cross-section of the open tubular structure for the flat roof capacity 15, the end 50 of the plastic film is reached.

A combination antenna in which, to compensate for the omission of one of the two V-shaped triangular structures 20 to approximate the conical character of an LTE upper band antenna 31 to at least one of the longitudinal ends of the folded body 8, the flat plastic film 3 along the broad side edge, serving as a starting point 6a is expanded by a first further conductive triangular structure 40 and to this a second further triangular structure 40a is attached via a common connecting side 49 in such a way that after the open folding body 8 has been formed by bending the first further conductive triangular structure 40 at right angles along the broad side edge 6a and by bending the second further triangular structure 40a at right angles along the common connecting side 49 of the two further triangular structures 40, 40a attached to one another, the remaining triangular structure 20 and the second further triangular structure 40a are oriented in a V-shape to one another and which lower triangular tips 21 of all triangular structures 20, 40, 40a are connected to the LTE antenna connection pad 32.

A combination antenna in which, to approximate a conical character of an LTE upper band antenna 31 with LTE antenna connection pad 32, a conductive triangular structure 40 connected to the LTE antenna connection pad 32 is provided at one of the longitudinal ends of the folded body 8, so that after bending the conductive triangular structure 40 along a broad side edge 6a, two opposing conductive triangular structures 20 are supplemented by the further conductive triangular structure 40 in the sense of a cone simulation.

A combination antenna, in which, however, the structures for the design of the LTE antenna 42 are applied to one of the two sides of the tube jacket 13 and to support the frequency range below 1 GHz on the opposite side of the tube jacket 13 to the roof capacity 15 at a minimum distance 68 im There is a substantially rectangular further structure 69, which is parallel to the roof capacitance 15 and is capacitively coupled to it, which is connected to a further conductor strip 67 which is high-resistance for frequencies above 1 GHz and is provided with a connection pad 23 at its lower end to form a ground connection 24 is.

List of reference symbols

• Combination antenna 1
• Antenna structures 2
• Plastic film 3
• Antenna connection point 4
• Base plate 5
• Broad side edges 6a, 6b
• Long side edges 7a, 7b
• Folded body, foil tube 8
• Bend lines 9
• Longitudinal direction 10
• Antenna cover 11
• Center line 12
• Tube jacket 13
• Monopole antenna below 1GHz 14
• Roof capacity 15
• longitudinally expanded conductor structure 16
• printed track 17
• Monopole broadband antenna above 1Ghz 18
• V-shaped oriented surfaces 19
• Triangle structure 20
• Triangle points 21
• coated circuit board 22
• Connection pad 23
• Ground connection 24
• Cavity 25
• Direction of travel 26
• Points of contact 27
• Inner surface 28
• Edge tabs 29
• slot-shaped collecting device 30
• conical monopole broadband antenna 31
• LTE antenna connection pad 32
• AM / FM monopole antenna 33
• Point of contact 34
• Bending angle 35
• Roof capacity connection points 36
• meandering conductor structure 37
• Amplitude 38
• strip-shaped slats 39
• first further conductive triangular structure 40
• second further conductive triangular structure 40a
• separate conductor track connection 41
• combined LTE antenna 42
• open foil tube 43
• Fixing line 44
• Contact element 45
• Section width 46
• AM / FM antenna connector pad 47
• Cross-sectional center line 48
• common connection side 49
• Foil end 50
• LTE upper band antenna 51
• LTE sub-band antenna 52
• Opening angle 53
• Triangle height 54
• conical monopole broadband antenna above 6 GHz 55
• Satellite ring antenna 56a
• Satellite ring antennas 56b
• Detail 57
• Antenna array 58
• Foil crease line 59
• Longitudinal extension roof capacity 60
• Vertical extension roof capacity 61
• meandering shape 62
• Roof blades 63
• Stripline width 64
• front tubular jacket 65
• rear tubular jacket 66
• further conductor strip 67
• Roof capacity coupling distance 68
• further rectangular structure 69
• Strip 70
• Total extension h
• Heights h1, h2, h3, h4 ..

Claims (15)

Combination antenna (1) for mobile radio / or mobile radio and broadcasting services comprising at least one plastic film (3) which is arranged over a base plate (5) and is coated with conductive antenna structures (2), comprising the following features: - A folding body (8) is formed from the plastic film (3), - The folding body (8) is designed by at least simple bending along at least one bending line (9) in a longitudinal direction (10), - At least one longitudinal side edge (7a, 7b) of the plastic film (3) is bent over along a fastening line (44) and mechanically connected to the base plate (5) parallel to a longitudinal center line (12) of the base plate (5), whereby the folding body ( 8) is segmented by the bending line (9) and the longitudinal side edge (7a, 7b), and - There are at least one monopole antenna (14) for radio services with frequencies below 1GHz and at least one monopole broadband antenna (18) for radio services with frequencies above 1Ghz, each made up of conductive antenna structures (2) and each with an antenna connection point (4) the base plate (5) are provided, - wherein the cross section of the folding body (8) is designed in particular as a polygon standing on the tip. Combination antenna (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
to design the at least one monopole antenna (14) for radio services below 1 GHz in the upper area of the folding body (8) located above the conductive base plate (5) at least one designed as a roof capacity (15), longitudinally extended flat conductor structure (16) is present, which is connected at least at one point via a conductor track (17) printed on the folding body (8) to an antenna connection point (4) formed on the fastening line (44),
and / or that
To design the at least one monopole broadband antenna (18) for frequencies above 1 GHz, the folding body (8) has two V-shaped surfaces (19) oriented towards one another in the lower area, on each of which a conductive triangular structure (20) standing on a triangular tip (21) ) is applied, with both triangular points (21) converging at the bottom comprising an antenna connection point (4). Combination antenna (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the electrically conductive base plate (5) is designed as a coated printed circuit board (22), each with a recess in the conductive layer for the design of an antenna connection point (4), comprising a connection pad (23) on the plastic film (3) and a ground connection (24) the circuit board (22). Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the folding body (8) is introduced into a bowl-shaped dielectric protective antenna hood (11) with an inner cavity (25) and an opening edge and the protective antenna hood (11) is mechanically connected at its opening edge to the conductive base plate (5). Combination antenna (1) according to Claim 4
characterized in that
for mechanical stabilization and fixation of the folding body (8), the wall of the inner cavity (25) has at least one molded-on abutment edge which makes line contact along a contact line (27) between the Bending line (9) of the plastic film (3) and the inner surface (28) of the antenna protection hood. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least one edge tab (29) is formed on at least one longitudinal side edge (7a, 7b) of the coated plastic film (3) and the electrically conductive base plate (5) is designed as a printed circuit board (22), along the center line (12) of which there is at least one slot ( 30) is formed, into which the edge tab (29) is inserted and thereby held mechanically. Combination antenna (1) according to claim 6,
characterized in that
for the electrical coupling of at least one antenna structure (2) to an antenna connection point (4), a connection pad (23) is provided on the at least one edge tab (29) and a contact element (45) for contacting the connection pad (23) is provided on the base plate (5) is. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
At least one combined LTE antenna (42), consisting of the monopole broadband antenna (18) for the LTE upper band with the character of a conical monopole antenna (31) and an antenna for the LTE lower band, consisting of the vertical monopole antenna (14) with a separate elongated conductor structure (16) designed as a roof capacity (15) in the upper area of the folded body (13) with printed conductor track (17) located above the conductive base plate (5) to an LTE antenna connection pad (32) common to both frequency bands , is formed. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a plurality of combined LTE antennas (42) are provided, at least two of which comprise the same roof capacitance (15) which is each connected to a separate connection pad (23) via a printed conductor track (17). Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
Antenna structures (2) on the plastic film (3) for at least one combined LTE antenna (42) with a longitudinally extended conductor structure (16) designed as a roof capacity (15) and for an AM / FM monopole antenna (33) for the AM / FM Broadcast reception, comprising the same longitudinally extended flat conductor structure (16) as roof capacitance (15) but with a separate conductor connection (41) to the separate AM / FM antenna connection pad (47), and a separate antenna connection point for each combined LTE antenna (42) (4) is formed on the fastening line (44). Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at both ends of the folding body (8) a combined LTE antenna (42) with a printed conductor track (17) between the end of the conductor structure (16) of the roof capacitance (15) extended longitudinally over the folding body (8) and the respectively combined LTE The antenna connection pad (32) is present, and the roof capacitance connection point (36) of the separate conductor track (41) to the conductor structure (16) of the roof capacitance (15) towards the AM / FM antenna connection pad (47) approximately in the longitudinal center of the folded body ( 8) is given. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
an LTE combination antenna (42) with a triangular structure (20) and one on at least one of the longitudinal ends of the folded body (8) Conductor track (17) is printed to an overlying conductive structure of a roof capacity (15), and an AM / VHF monopole antenna (33) is present, which is connected to the same structure for the roof capacity (15) via a separate conductor track connection (41) , roof capacitance connection points (36) spaced apart from one another being provided in particular for decoupling the two antennas. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
instead of the closed planar structure of the roof capacitance (15) the electromagnetic decoupling of the two spaced apart roof capacitance connection points (36) through the inductive effect of a meandering conductor structure (37) with the amplitude (38) over the cross-sectional width (46) of the planar structure of the roof capacitance (15) is enlarged. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
to improve the electromagnetic decoupling between the monopole broadband antenna (18) for the LTE upper band and the monopole for the LTE lower band, the monopole broadband antenna (18) has a flat triangular structure (20), which is arranged like a fan in the triangular plane and in the lower triangle tip (21) converging strip-shaped slats is designed. Combination antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a plurality of combined LTE antennas (42) for frequencies below and above 1 GHz, each with a separate roof capacity (15) and a separate LTE antenna connection pad (32) are arranged in series along the longitudinal side of the folding body (8).

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