EP3732151A1 - Procédé et dispositif de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3732151A1 EP3732151A1 EP18842444.4A EP18842444A EP3732151A1 EP 3732151 A1 EP3732151 A1 EP 3732151A1 EP 18842444 A EP18842444 A EP 18842444A EP 3732151 A1 EP3732151 A1 EP 3732151A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- fiber
- precursor
- segment
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
- C23C16/545—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating for coating elongated substrates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
- C04B35/62857—Coating fibres with non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/6286—Carbides
- C04B35/62863—Silicon carbide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
- C04B35/62857—Coating fibres with non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/62865—Nitrides
- C04B35/62868—Boron nitride
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
- C04B35/62857—Coating fibres with non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/62873—Carbon
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62884—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by gas phase techniques
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
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- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/32—Carbides
- C23C16/325—Silicon carbide
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/342—Boron nitride
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/345—Silicon nitride
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
- C23C16/4485—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials by evaporation without using carrier gas in contact with the source material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/48—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
- C23C16/481—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation by radiant heating of the substrate
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/667—Sintering using wave energy, e.g. microwave sintering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of processes for depositing a coating on fibers, and more particularly on a continuous carbon or silicon carbide fiber from a precursor of the coating.
- Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials known for their good mechanical properties that make them suitable for forming structural elements and for retaining these properties at high temperatures, are a viable alternative to traditional metal parts. Their reduced mass compared to their metallic equivalent make them the best choice to answer the problems of increase of the yield and reduction of the polluting emissions of the engines in the aeronautical field.
- the CMC material parts comprise a generally continuous fibrous reinforcement in the form of a woven fabric, which is densified by a ceramic matrix.
- the fibrous reinforcement thus comprises continuous long fibers, generally grouped together in the form of yarns or strands, the orientation of which can be adapted to the principal directions of loading of the part during its use.
- the preform intended to form the fibrous reinforcement must be woven from the strands of continuous fibers to the dimensions of the piece (for example by two-dimensional or three-dimensional weaving), using a suitable loom.
- To produce a piece of CMC material which has improved mechanical properties it is known to have fibers in the fiber preform which are coated with an interphase, prior to densification of the preform.
- the main purpose of the present invention is therefore to overcome such drawbacks by proposing a process for depositing a coating on a continuous carbon or silicon carbide fiber from a precursor of the coating, the method comprising at least heating a segment of the fiber in the presence of the precursor of the coating in a microwave field so as to bring the surface of the segment to a temperature allowing formation of the coating on the segment from the precursor of the coating.
- a “fiber segment” here corresponds to a certain length of fiber, in other words, the segment extends along the length or the largest dimension of the fiber.
- a fiber which may comprise a plurality of filaments a fiber segment may comprise a plurality of filaments.
- segment area refers to the area of each filament that makes up the fiber segment, if any.
- depositing or forming a coating on the fiber segment, depositing or forming the coating on the surface of each filament that composes the fiber segment, if any.
- the method according to the invention is remarkable in particular by the fact that a segment of the continuous fiber is heated by direct coupling via microwaves.
- the inventors have in fact observed that the long carbon fiber or silicon carbide segment couples with a microwave field, which makes it possible to bring its surface to a temperature sufficient to form the coating from a precursor of the coating. .
- This arrangement makes it possible to heat the fiber segment as a whole and in particular its surface, and to ensure a homogeneous and rapid formation of the coating on the latter.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that the precursor of the coating can also couple with the microwave field, which increases its temperature and improves the kinetics of formation of the coating as well as its homogeneity.
- Yet another advantage of the invention is the reduction of the energy required to form the coating, since the fiber segment is heated directly and no longer an entire reactor.
- the fiber can be brought into contact with the precursor in the liquid phase, in the gas phase, or in the supercritical phase.
- microwave field means an electromagnetic field of frequency between several hundred MHz and several GHz.
- the microwave field may be characterized by its power (or amplitude) and frequency, which one skilled in the art can readily determine to obtain a short fiber surface temperature sufficient to form the coating. There is indeed a multiplicity of frequency / power pairs which makes it possible to obtain a sufficient coupling between the fiber segment and the microwave field.
- the microwave field has a main frequency between 2.35 GHz and 2.55 GHz.
- the fiber segment may be in contact with a liquid phase of the precursor of the coating and the coating is formed by caulking.
- the liquid phase of the precursor can couple with the microwave field, which increases its temperature, reduces the heat dissipation around the fiber segment and thus improves the kinetics of the calefaction.
- the fiber segment may be in the presence of a gaseous phase of the precursor of the coating and the coating may be formed by chemical vapor infiltration.
- this embodiment of the process according to the invention improves the kinetics of formation and the homogeneity of the coating.
- the gaseous phase of the precursor of the coating can be obtained by boiling a liquid phase of the precursor of the coating, the boiling resulting from the contact between a hot portion of the fiber contiguous to the segment present in the field. microwaves and the liquid phase of the precursor coating. The portion of the fiber contiguous to the coating is, in this situation, heated by conduction from the fiber segment present in the microwave field.
- This deposition technique makes it possible to form the coating on the fiber segment at a reduced pressure equal to or slightly greater than the atmospheric pressure.
- the wall of the reactor in which the deposit is made is said to be cold with respect to a CVI reactor in which the reactor walls must be heated, which makes the process easier to implement and more energy efficient.
- This deposition technique can be seen as a hybrid technique between calefaction and chemical vapor infiltration.
- the fiber segment may be in the presence of a supercritical phase of the precursor of the coating and the coating is formed by chemical deposition in the supercritical phase.
- the segment during heating of the fiber segment, the segment may be in a first position, and the method may further comprise scrolling the fiber so as to move the segment to a second position in which the segment is out of the microwave field.
- the method may comprise a step of scrolling the continuous fiber in the microwave field.
- the scrolling of the fiber can be carried out continuously or semi-continuously, depending on the kinetics of deposits inherent in the variants described above and the precursors involved.
- the fiber segment when a liquid phase of the precursor is used, the fiber segment may be in contact with the liquid phase of the precursor of the coating when it is in the second position. This means that the fiber moves in a direction in which it plunges into the liquid phase once it has been heated.
- This arrangement is advantageous because it makes it possible, on the one hand, to rapidly stop the formation of the deposit on the surface of the filaments constituting the fiber segment and, on the other hand, to quench the fiber segment just after the formation of the coating on the fiber segment. the latter, which ensures homogeneity of the coating between two successive segments, and thus on the whole of the continuous fiber.
- the scrolling of the fiber may comprise the unfolding of the fiber from a first mandrel and the winding of the fiber on a second mandrel.
- the coating may be an interphase coating.
- the interphase has a function of defragilating the composite material which favors the deflection of any cracks reaching the interphase after having propagated in the matrix, preventing or delaying the breaking of fibers by such cracks. This interphase also makes it possible to protect the fiber of the matrix material during its formation.
- the coating may comprise pyrolytic carbon (PyC), boron nitride (BN) or silicon carbide (SiC).
- the interphase coating may for example comprise Si 3 N 4 or SiBN.
- the fiber may be silicon carbide having an oxygen content of less than or equal to 1% atomic percentage.
- such a fiber may be a type Hi-Nicalon type fiber marketed by the Japanese company NGS.
- the invention also aims, according to a second aspect, a device for the implementation of a process for depositing a coating on a continuous fiber from a precursor of the coating in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or in phase supercritical, the device comprising a microwave generator configured to generate a microwave field, a reactor configured to be traversed by the continuous fiber and to contain the precursor coating, at least a portion of said reactor being intended to be in the Microwave field of the microwave generator, and a device for scrolling the fiber inside the reactor.
- the device for scrolling the fiber may be preferably located outside the microwave field. It can be ensured that the portion of the reactor in the microwave field is present within a belly of said field.
- the reactor may have substantially a U shape.
- the reactor may be a tube. In this case, only part of a branch or vertical part of the reactor may be present in the microwave field.
- the reactor may comprise at least one centering element of the fiber in the reactor.
- a centering element may be present at the inlet and / or at the outlet of the reactor.
- two centering elements may be present in the reactor at the junctions between the horizontal portion and the vertical portions of the U.
- the scroll device may comprise a first mandrel from which the fiber is to be unwound and a second mandrel on which the fiber is intended to be wound.
- the microwave field can be obtained using a resonator having a resonant cavity.
- the only parameter to adjust the surface temperature of the fibers is the power supplied to the resonator, since the resonator generally has a fixed resonant frequency. It can be ensured that the continuous fiber and the precursor of the coating are placed within a belly of the microwaves field, which is the case when using such a resonator and that the fiber is placed and the precursor in the center of its resonant cavity.
- other means for generating microwaves may be used.
- FIG. 1 shows a very schematic example of a device making it possible to implement a method according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the device of FIG. 1 in a configuration making it possible to implement a method according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a very schematic example of a device making it possible to implement a method according to a third or a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 100, which is the subject of the invention, for implementing a method according to a first embodiment of the invention referred to by caulking, that is to say in which the formation of the coating is carried out in the presence of a liquid phase of a precursor coating.
- the device 100 comprises a microwave generator 110, a reactor 120, and a scrolling device 130.
- the microwave generator 110 here comprises a resonator 111 provided with a resonant cavity 112, the resonator 111 is connected to a wave generator 113 by a coaxial cable 114. In operation, the resonant cavity 112 is traversed by a field microwave.
- the reactor 120 may be a material transparent to microwaves, for example quartz.
- the reactor 120 here takes the form of a U-shaped tube having a horizontal portion 121, a first vertical portion 122 and a second vertical portion 123.
- the second vertical portion 123 of the reactor 120 is here present at least in part in the resonant cavity 112 of the resonator 111, that is to say, it passes through the resonator 111.
- the reactor 120 here contains a precursor of the coating 140 in the liquid phase.
- the meniscus 141 of the precursor 140 is located above the cavity 112 of the resonator 111.
- the portion of the reactor 120 that is present in the cavity 112 is filled with the liquid phase of the precursor 140. .
- the reactor 120 is here plugged at the end of the second vertical portion 123 by a plug 124 pierced with a central orifice so as to be traversed by a continuous fiber 150 of carbon or silicon carbide.
- the plug 121 also plays the role of centering element of the fiber 150 in the reactor.
- the plug 121 may be provided to allow the reactor 120 to be fed by the fiber 150.
- the reactor 120 is furthermore provided with two centralizers 125 present respectively at the two junctions between the horizontal part 121 and the two vertical parts 122 and
- the centralizers 124 may take the form of small rollers provided with a groove (not visible in the figures) whose function is to maintain the fiber 150 centered in the reactor 120.
- the centralizers 124 may take the form of small rollers provided with a groove (not visible in the figures) whose function is to maintain the fiber 150 centered in the reactor 120.
- the centralizers 124 are present inside the reactor 120.
- the centralizers 124 are thus also centering elements of the fiber 150 in the reactor 120.
- the reactor 120 may be provided with a purge valve 126 and means (not shown) for supplying the precursor reactor coating 140 and maintain a constant level thereof in the reactor 120.
- the scroll device 130 here comprises a first mandrel 131 from which the fiber 150 can be unwound, the first mandrel 131 can be a mandrel for storing the fiber 150 before it is coated, and a second mandrel 132 on which the fiber 150 may be rolled once coated.
- the fiber 150 can thus circulate in the reactor 120 from the first mandrel 131 to the second mandrel 132.
- the centering elements 124, 125 of the fiber 150 in the reactor 120 here ensure that the fiber 150 does not touch the reactor wall. 120 and she is tense.
- the scroll device 130 may be controlled by control means not shown, so as to scroll the fiber 150 in the device 100 continuously or semi-continuously (that is to say step by step).
- the scroll device 130 may scroll the fiber 150 in the device 100 in both directions.
- a first embodiment of the method according to the invention will now be described in connection with this device 100.
- a microwave field is created in the cavity 112.
- the scrolling device 130 can advance the fiber 150 in the device a certain distance so that a segment
- the fiber segment 151 of the fiber 150 is in the cavity 112. Under the effect of the coupling between the fiber 150 and the microwave field, the fiber segment 151 present in a zone 142 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 (this zone being located inside the cavity) is heated, and in particular the surface of the heated fiber segment 151 reaches a temperature sufficient for the liquid phase coating precursor 140 to vaporize locally around the fiber segment 151 and deposit on the fiber segment 151 by caifaction to form the coating.
- a person skilled in the art knows how to choose the properties of the microwave field, in particular its frequency and / or its power, in order to reach the temperature of heating of the precursor 140.
- the scroll device 130 scrolls the fiber 150 in the device 100 in the direction indicated by the arrows 133 and 134. More precisely, the fiber 150 scrolls here so that a segment 151 which has just passed in the microwave field continues its path inside the precursor 140 in the liquid phase.
- This arrangement allows on the one hand to quickly stop the formation of the deposit on the surface of the filaments constituting the fiber segment and secondly to perform a quenching of the fiber segment on which the coating has just been formed, and ensures homogeneity of formation of the coating on all of the fiber 150.
- the coated fiber 150 is then recovered at the end of the first vertical portion 122 of the reactor 120 by the second mandrel 132 which may for example store it for later use.
- the fiber 150 thus coated can be directly used to manufacture a fiber preform for example by weaving.
- Figure 2 shows a device 200 similar to the device 100 of Figure 1 in a configuration for implementing a method according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the fiber segment 251 is heated by the microwave field in the presence of a gaseous phase of the precursor of the coating obtained by boiling a liquid phase of said precursor.
- the corresponding reference numerals between FIGS. 1 and 2 denote identical characteristics which will not be described again.
- the meniscus 241 of the precursor of the coating 240 in the liquid phase that has been modified, as well as the direction of travel of the fiber 250.
- the meniscus 241 is now located just below the cavity 212.
- the portion of the reactor 220 that is present in the cavity 212 does not contain a liquid phase of the precursor 240.
- the direction of travel of the fiber 250 in the device 200 shown schematically by the arrows 233 and 234 has been modified.
- the meniscus 241 is positioned so that a portion of fiber that is contiguous to the fiber segment 251 present in the microwave field is also heated by thermal conduction and allows evaporation (by boiling) of the phase coating precursor liquid 240 at a zone 242 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
- the precursor of the coating which has evaporated is now present in gaseous form in the portion of the reactor 220 without a liquid phase 240 of the precursor of the coating and present in the microwave field.
- the segment 251 of fiber that is present in the microwave field is heated to a temperature sufficient for the precursor to The gas phase can be deposited on the fiber segment 251 and form the coating.
- This technique can be likened to chemical vapor infiltration coupled with calefaction. As indicated above, one skilled in the art knows how to choose the properties of the microwave field, in particular its frequency and / or its power, to reach the appropriate temperature on the surface of the fiber segment 251 to form the coating from the precursor of the coating.
- the direction of travel is preferably that illustrated so that sufficient precursor of the coating 240 in the liquid phase is evaporated, but it is possible to scroll the fiber 250 in the same direction as that shown in Figure 1.
- the coating formation can thus be carried out at a pressure in the reactor 220 of the order of atmospheric pressure or at a slightly higher pressure.
- FIG. 3 shows a third device 300 for implementing a method according to a third embodiment of the invention in which the heated fiber segment is in the presence of a gaseous phase of the precursor of the coating, or according to a fourth embodiment of embodiment of the invention in which the heated fiber segment is in the presence of a supercritical phase of the precursor coating.
- the device 300 includes, similarly to the device 100, a micro wave generator ⁇ 310, a reactor 320 and a scrolling device 330.
- the microwave generator comprises a resonator 311 provided with a resonant cavity 312, the resonator 311 is connected to a wave generator 313 by a coaxial cable 314. In operation, the resonant cavity 312 is traversed by a micro-wave field. waves.
- the device 300 further comprises a cylindrical reactor 320 having an inlet 321 and an outlet 322 for the coating precursor.
- the reactor 320 may be made of a material that is transparent to microwaves, for example quartz. At least a portion of the reactor 320 is present in the cavity 312. In the example illustrated, the inlet 321 and the outlet 322 of the reactor 320 are located on either side of the cavity 312.
- the reactor 320 contains here a precursor of the coating 340 in the gas or supercritical phase which can circulate in the reactor 320 between the inlet 321 and the outlet 322 of the reactor 320.
- the reactor 320 further comprises two orifices 323 and 324 through which a fiber 350 can respectively entering and leaving the reactor 320, the orifices 323 and 324 being here configured so as not to allow the precursor of the coating 340 of the reactor 320 to escape.
- the scroll device 330 here comprises a first mandrel 331 from which the fiber 350 can be unwound, the first mandrel 331 can be a mandrel for storing the fiber 350 before it is coated, and a second mandrel 332 on which the fiber 350 can be rolled once coated.
- the fiber 350 can thus circulate in the reactor 320 from the first mandrel 331 to the second mandrel 332.
- the scrolling device 330 can be controlled by control means not shown, so as to scroll the fiber 350 in the device 300 continuously or semi-continuously (that is, step by step).
- the scroll device 330 can scroll the fiber 350 in the device 200 in both directions.
- the fiber 350 scrolls from bottom to top (arrows 333 and 334), that is to say in a direction opposite to the circulation of the gaseous phase of the precursor of the coating in the device 300.
- scrolling makes it possible to further increase the deposition kinetics of the coating.
- the segment 351 of fiber 350 present in the microwave field is heated so that its surface reaches a temperature sufficient for the gas phase precursor or supercritical is deposited on the fiber segment 351 to ensure the formation of the coating.
- a temperature sufficient for the gas phase precursor or supercritical is deposited on the fiber segment 351 to ensure the formation of the coating.
- the properties of the microwave field in particular its frequency and / or its power, to reach the appropriate temperature on the surface of the fiber segment 351 to form the coating from the precursor of the coating.
- each technique for forming the chemical vapor infiltration or supercritical chemical deposition coating may be designated respectively. .
- An advantage of the invention in this case is that the walls of the reactor 320 are cold in comparison with reactors used in the prior art to achieve for example a chemical infiltration in the gas phase. Working on cold walls offers the opportunity to overcome the standard operating conditions of a conventional CVI process, and allows significantly higher deposition kinetics to be achieved up to two orders of magnitude.
- the thickness of the coating formed on the fiber segment 151, 251, 351 depends, all things being equal, on the residence time of the fiber segment 151, 251, 351 in the microwave field. in the presence of the precursor of the coating.
- the coating may be an interphase coating, for example of silicon carbide, boron nitride or pyrolytic carbon.
- an interphase of pyrolytic carbon can be formed using a precursor of the coating such as an alcohol, such as ethanol, polyalcohol or toluene.
- a silicon carbide interphase may be formed using a precursor coating such as methyltrichlorosilane or dimethylchlorosilane.
- a boron nitride interphase may be formed using a coating precursor such as borazine, or a mixture of BCI 3 and NH 3 .
- the devices 100, 200 and 300 have been presented as being able to accommodate a single fiber 150, 250, 350.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out on several continuous fibers at the same time, for example by feeding the devices 100, 200 and 300 with strands or strands comprising a plurality of fibers.
- the continuous fiber coated by a process according to the invention can then be used to manufacture a fiber preform, for example by weaving, which can finally be densified by a matrix.
- a pyrocarbon interphase is deposited on continuous silicon carbide fibers by a method according to the first embodiment of the invention, using the device 200 described above.
- a strand of Hi-Nicalon type S silicon carbide fibers with a diameter of 10 ⁇ m (average diameter of the filaments) is used.
- the precursor of the coating, ethanol in the liquid phase is placed in the reactor 220 of the device 200 as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the resonant cavity of the resonator has a frequency 2.45 GHz clean and is powered by a power of 15 W.
- the fiber strand scrolls in the device 200 at a speed of 10 mm / min. Fibers coated with a homogeneous and continuously deposited pyrocarbon interphase were obtained.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
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- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23184344.2A EP4249453B1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1763217A FR3075829B1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Procede et dispositif de depot d'un revetement sur une fibre continue |
| PCT/FR2018/053480 WO2019129969A1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé et dispositif de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23184344.2A Division EP4249453B1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3732151A1 true EP3732151A1 (fr) | 2020-11-04 |
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ID=62455573
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23184344.2A Active EP4249453B1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
| EP18842444.4A Pending EP3732151A1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé et dispositif de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23184344.2A Active EP4249453B1 (fr) | 2017-12-26 | 2018-12-20 | Procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement sur une fibre continue |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US11390952B2 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP4249453B1 (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN111511704B (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR3075829B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019129969A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4052283A4 (fr) * | 2019-10-31 | 2023-11-22 | Indian Institute Of Science | Appareil assisté par micro-ondes, système et procédé de dépôt de films sur substrats |
| FR3113496B1 (fr) | 2020-08-21 | 2024-08-30 | Safran Ceram | Procédé de dépôt d’un revêtement sur un fil sous champ micro-ondes |
| US12000049B2 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2024-06-04 | Rtx Corporation | Alternating and continuous microwave fiber tow coating thermo-chemical reactor furnace |
| FR3132527B1 (fr) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-12-29 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procédé d’élaboration des couches interfaciales d’un matériau composite à matrice céramique incluant le contrôle de l’épaisseur du film déposé et dispositif associé |
| US20250066263A1 (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2025-02-27 | Raytheon Company | Refractory Material with Supercritical Fluid-Deposited Interface Coatings |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1182437A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1970-02-25 | United Aircraft Corp | Improvements in and relating to Methods for Coating Substances with Silicon Carbide and Products Produced Thereby |
| US4582731A (en) * | 1983-09-01 | 1986-04-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Supercritical fluid molecular spray film deposition and powder formation |
| US4970093A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1990-11-13 | University Of Colorado Foundation | Chemical deposition methods using supercritical fluid solutions |
| US5389152A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-02-14 | Avco Corporation | Apparatus for densification of porous billets |
| US5543605A (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-08-06 | Avco Corporation | Microwave fiber coating apparatus |
| US6152072A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-11-28 | California Institute Of Technology | Chemical vapor deposition coating of fibers using microwave application |
| DE19828843B4 (de) * | 1998-06-27 | 2007-02-22 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten Kurzfasern |
| JP2002252493A (ja) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-06 | Riichi Murakami | 電磁波シールド体 |
| US7824495B1 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2010-11-02 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | System to continuously produce carbon fiber via microwave assisted plasma processing |
| CN101792331B (zh) * | 2010-01-04 | 2012-11-14 | 北京科技大学 | 碳基材料防氧化涂层的微波制备方法 |
| US20110171399A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | General Electric Company | Process and apparatus for continuous coating of fibrous materials |
| EP2636918A1 (fr) | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-11 | Messier-Bugatti-Dowty | Densification de bord pour procédé d'ébullition de film |
| US20160237595A1 (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-08-18 | Dynetics, Inc. | High-Strength Refractory Fibrous Materials |
| US10167555B2 (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2019-01-01 | Dynetics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for fabricating fibers and microstructures from disparate molar mass precursors |
| CN104532549B (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-08-31 | 张家港市东大工业技术研究院 | 一种基于微波诱导等离子体快速获取碳/碳化硅同轴纤维的方法及应用 |
| FR3044023B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-12-22 | Herakles | Dispositif pour le revetement d'un ou plusieurs fils par un procede de depot en phase vapeur |
-
2017
- 2017-12-26 FR FR1763217A patent/FR3075829B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-20 CN CN201880081405.9A patent/CN111511704B/zh active Active
- 2018-12-20 CN CN202211535311.9A patent/CN115745630B/zh active Active
- 2018-12-20 EP EP23184344.2A patent/EP4249453B1/fr active Active
- 2018-12-20 US US16/958,011 patent/US11390952B2/en active Active
- 2018-12-20 WO PCT/FR2018/053480 patent/WO2019129969A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-12-20 EP EP18842444.4A patent/EP3732151A1/fr active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 FR FR2007090A patent/FR3107268B1/fr active Active
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2022
- 2022-06-16 US US17/842,205 patent/US11932942B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115745630A (zh) | 2023-03-07 |
| FR3107268A1 (fr) | 2021-08-20 |
| US20210062343A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
| WO2019129969A1 (fr) | 2019-07-04 |
| FR3075829A1 (fr) | 2019-06-28 |
| US11390952B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
| FR3107268B1 (fr) | 2022-01-21 |
| CN111511704B (zh) | 2022-12-20 |
| CN111511704A (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
| CN115745630B (zh) | 2024-02-27 |
| FR3075829B1 (fr) | 2020-09-04 |
| EP4249453B1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
| US20220316068A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
| US11932942B2 (en) | 2024-03-19 |
| EP4249453A1 (fr) | 2023-09-27 |
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