EP3731596A2 - Spiral heat exchanger - Google Patents
Spiral heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3731596A2 EP3731596A2 EP20169807.3A EP20169807A EP3731596A2 EP 3731596 A2 EP3731596 A2 EP 3731596A2 EP 20169807 A EP20169807 A EP 20169807A EP 3731596 A2 EP3731596 A2 EP 3731596A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- heating element
- flow channel
- wall
- channel section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
- H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
- F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, wherein a cylindrical housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, and the inlet is connected to the outlet via a flow channel for the fluid that runs inside the housing around the cylinder axis of the housing with decreasing distance from the cylinder axis inwardly winding spiral flow channel section, which is formed by a wall arranged vertically between a cover plate and a bottom plate of the housing, which is provided with an electrical heating element designed as a web-shaped heating element for heating the flowing fluid , according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Devices of the type mentioned are about from CH 101971 A known.
- the liquid flowing in via a central inlet is directed to the periphery of an inwardly winding spiral-shaped flow channel, which feeds the liquid to be heated to the interior of the device, where a sheet-shaped resistance element is attached to the innermost winding sections of the spiral-shaped flow channel and heats the liquid.
- the spiral-shaped flow channel finally opens into a central outlet through which the heated liquid leaves the device.
- the disadvantage of such devices lies on the one hand in the low efficiency of the device and on the other hand in the lack of operational reliability. If the thermal energy formed by the resistance element is not sufficiently dissipated by the flowing liquid, the resistance element is heated up, which can lead to the destruction of the heating element. It must therefore be ensured, for example, that the heating element is only switched on when the liquid is flowing, which is correspondingly complex in terms of control technology.
- a heating device for windshield washer fluids is known in which the windshield washer fluid is fed to an inwardly winding spiral flow channel.
- the flow channel has a top plate and a bottom plate provided, which have a heating element provided with PTC resistance elements, which is controlled by a thermostat.
- the resistance elements represent an electrical resistance in which electricity is converted into heat.
- PTC resistance elements which are also referred to as PTC thermistors, have the property of increasing electrical resistance with increasing temperature.
- the PTC resistance elements are used to heat up the windscreen washer fluid in seconds, whereby they are regulated to a higher temperature than that of the windscreen washer fluid.
- the DE 19837923 C1 describes a device for the sterilization of liquids, in which the liquid to be sterilized is fed to an inwardly winding spiral-shaped flow channel which feeds the liquid to be sterilized to the interior of the device, where an electrical heating element is arranged which heats the liquid. The heated and thus sterilized liquid is subsequently cooled down again via an outwardly winding flow channel and released as a cooled, sterilized liquid.
- the DE 29618194 U1 describes a spiral heat exchanger in which a first liquid is fed to an inwardly winding spiral-shaped flow channel which opens into a central outlet via which the first liquid leaves the device. Furthermore, a second liquid is fed to an outwardly winding spiral-shaped flow channel which opens into an outlet via which the second liquid leaves the device.
- the thermal energy of the first liquid can be transferred to the second liquid. It is therefore a heat exchanger for the transfer of thermal energy.
- An electrical heating element for heating a liquid is not provided.
- the KR 100762010 B1 shows a heating mat with an inductively heated liquid which is fed to a channel running in a spiral in the heating mat, the inlet and outlet of which end in the inductive heating device.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to provide a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, which has a compact design and not only enables the fluid to be heated quickly, but can also be operated with a higher degree of efficiency compared to known devices. Furthermore, a high level of operational safety should be guaranteed.
- Claim 1 relates to a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, wherein a cylindrical housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, and the inlet is connected to the outlet via a flow channel for the fluid running inside the housing, which has a spiral-shaped flow channel section which winds inwardly around the cylinder axis of the housing with decreasing distance to the cylinder axis, which is formed by a wall arranged vertically between a cover plate and a bottom plate of the housing, which is equipped with an electrical heating element designed as a web-shaped heating element for heating the flowing fluid is provided.
- the wall additionally forms a spiral flow channel section which winds outwards around the cylinder axis of the housing with increasing distance from the cylinder axis, the wall in a central area of the interior of the housing enclosing an end area closing off the inwardly winding flow channel section, which into the outlet opens, as well as an end area closing off the outward winding flow channel section, into which the inlet opens, and the outward winding flow channel section in a section of the wall closest to the inner wall of the housing opens into the inward winding flow channel section via a reversal area formed by a free end of the wall , wherein the wall is formed by the heating element in the form of a web, which is provided with PTC resistance elements, and as an interface between the outward winding flow channel section and the inwardly winding flow channel section.
- the liquid to be heated is fed to the device according to the invention via the inlet which opens into the end region of the outward winding flow channel section.
- the liquid thus flows from the central area of the housing into the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing, being heated by a surface of the web-shaped heating element which faces this outwardly winding flow channel section and which forms the wall of this flow channel section.
- the outward winding flow channel section opens in a section of the wall closest to the housing inner wall via a reversal region formed by a free end of the wall into the inward winding flow channel section.
- the liquid thus flows back from the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing into the central area of the housing, wherein it is further heated by a surface of the same web-shaped heating element facing the inwardly winding flow channel section.
- the inwardly winding flow channel section ends in the central area of the housing in an end area which opens into the outlet. Since the wall formed by the web-like heating element is designed as an interface between the inwardly winding flow channel section and the outwardly winding flow channel section, the liquid flows around both surfaces of the same heating element.
- the temperature difference between the liquid introduced into the central area via the inlet and the liquid discharged via the outlet, which is also located in the central area, is maximum.
- the temperature difference between the liquid flowing on both sides of the heating element is thus also maximal, specifically in that section of the heating element which is arranged in the central region of the housing. In the peripheral areas of the inward and outward winding flow channel sections, on the other hand, the temperature difference between the liquid flowing on both sides of the heating element is minimal.
- Is the mean value of the temperature on both sides of the heating element In contrast, almost constant over the entire course of the heating element. This ensures over the entire length of the web-shaped heating element that the temperature within the heating element provided with PTC resistance elements is approximately constant and the internal ohmic resistance of the PTC resistance elements per unit length is thus approximately constant over the length, which results in a uniform electrical power output in With regard to the temperature-dependent PTC resistance characteristic. In the reversal area at the free end of the wall, the temperature of the fluid reaches approximately half the desired temperature increase between the inlet and outlet temperature.
- the heating output emitted by the heating element along the flow path from the inlet to the reversal area should also correspond to half of the heating output provided for the entire flow path from the inlet to the outlet. Since the mean temperature value caused by the fluid is constant at every point of the heating element, the undesired effect of a reduction in the heating power due to the PTC characteristic is eliminated, whereby the possible heating power of the device can be increased drastically in a given installation space and the efficiency is optimized.
- the inside of the housing is ideally used due to the maximized heated surface and the heat transfer to the fluid flowing through is optimized. In this way, compact structural designs are made possible.
- a specific structural design provides that the heating element, which is designed in web form, crosses the housing jacket in a first end section via a fluid-tight, slot-shaped fastening area and forms a first end of the heating element that has electrical connections and is arranged outside the housing, and the inside in a second end section the housing arranged, free end of the wall forms.
- the tightness can be ensured, for example, by potting the fastening area with potting compound or adhesive.
- the heating element which is designed in the form of a web, can also be fastened with its long sides in grooves in the cover plate and the base plate of the housing.
- the free end of the web-shaped heating element arranged inside the housing is provided with a stabilizing rod which is attached to the cover plate and the base plate of the housing.
- the heating element consists in a known manner of a web-shaped substrate (preferably made of plastic), a heat distribution layer made of metal, electrodes and a heating layer made of PTC resistance elements, for example carbon pastes or ceramic layers, which act as an ohmic resistance and are applied using the screen printing process.
- the heating element can be insulated from the outside by a dielectric cover film.
- the PTC material of the PTC resistance elements is characterized by a strongly non-linear characteristic curve, in that the electrical resistance of the material increases with increasing temperature (caused by operation or passive heating) and the material finally increases at the material-specific cut-off temperature becomes high resistance. As a result, the electrical heating output decreases and there is no further heating. This also applies to local thermal inhomogeneities such as Air inclusions in the fluid.
- the heating element used is self-regulating and cannot overheat.
- the PTC material of the PTC resistance elements enables particularly rapid heating compared to conventional resistance materials.
- the web-like heating element is designed as a heating film which is folded around its longitudinal axis and around its transverse axis to form the wall.
- the heat distribution layer which is arranged on one side, is now on the outside on both sides of the heating element and faces the respective flow channel section.
- the substrate of the heating foil forms a separating one Layer between the electrically conductive layers in the form of the electrodes and the heating layer and the fluid, which reduces the risk of short circuits.
- the front sides come to lie along the two broad sides of the heating film on the same side, which can now be arranged outside the housing. There are therefore no cut edges on the heating foil that would be exposed to the fluid, so that a short circuit is again prevented.
- the inlet and the outlet are arranged on different sides of the housing. This arrangement makes it easier to couple several devices in series in order to achieve a higher heating output overall in this way. In order to heat a larger volume of fluid, several devices can also be arranged in parallel.
- Fig. 1 Reference is made to explain the course of the flow channel sections 1a, 1b within a housing 2 of the device.
- the liquid to be heated is supplied via an inlet 3 which is arranged in the central area of the interior of the housing and which opens into the end area of an outwardly winding flow channel section 1a.
- the liquid thus flows from the central area of the housing 2 into the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing, being heated by a surface of the web-shaped heating element 4 facing this outwardly winding flow channel section 1a, which forms the wall of this flow channel section 1a.
- the outwardly winding flow channel section 1a opens in a section of the wall closest to the housing inner wall via a reversal area formed by a free end of the web-shaped heating element 4 into the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b.
- the liquid thus flows back from the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing into the central area of the housing 2, being further heated by a surface of the same web-shaped heating element 4 facing the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b.
- the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b ends in the central area of the housing 2 finally in an end area which leads into the outlet 5 (in the Fig. 1 for a better understanding drawn in dashed lines) opens. Since the wall formed by the web-shaped heating element 4 is designed as an interface between the outwardly winding flow channel section 1a and the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b, the liquid flows around both surfaces of the same heating element 4.
- the flow path shown thus directs the cool fluid entering centrally through the inlet 3 along the flow channel section 1a formed by the heating element 4, which is arranged in a spiral shape, to the outside, where it is deflected and again along a path between the paths through which the flow passes first, second Flow channel section 1b flows inward and emerges again from housing 2 through outlet 5. Since the wall is formed from the heating element 4, the fluid is heated when the heating element 4 is switched on and thus gives off its heat to the fluid.
- the PTC effect of the PTC resistance elements of the heating element 4 would in itself cause the electrical resistance of the heating element 4 to rise in the outer areas of the spiral-shaped heating element 4 due to the higher temperature of the fluid and the heating power to decrease, which is contrary to the aim of as strong as possible heating of the fluid flowing through the housing 2 along the entire flow path.
- the flow channel 1 proposed according to the invention now makes it possible in an advantageous manner that fluids with temperatures whose average is constant in each case are located on both sides of the spiral-shaped heating element 4 at every point.
- the coolest fluid is located in the area of the inflow point, while the hottest fluid is located on the other side of the heating element 4 because it has already flowed through the entire flow path and has therefore absorbed the maximum heating power.
- the average of the two temperatures largely corresponds to the temperature in the deflection area of the flow path, where the cool fluid has flowed through approximately half of the flow path and thus has absorbed approximately half of the heating power. Since the average temperature resulting from the fluid is constant at every point on the heating element 4, the undesired effect of a reduction in the heating power due to the PTC effect is eliminated, which drastically increases the possible heating power of the device in a given installation space.
- FIG. 2 shows first a perspective view of an embodiment of the device according to Fig. 1 with base plate 2B and inserted heating element 4, but without cover plate 2D and housing jacket 2M.
- the heating element 4 which is in the form of a web, is fastened with one of its two longitudinal sides in a spiral-shaped groove in the base plate 2B of the housing 2.
- a first end section 4.1 of the web-shaped heating element 4 is arranged outside of the housing 2. At this first end section 4.1 the electrical connections of the heating element 4 are located. Furthermore, an opening in the base plate 2B for the inlet 3 can be seen.
- inlet 3 and outlet 5 is arbitrary, however, since the device can be operated in both directions, so that the inlet 3 can also be arranged in the cover plate 2D and the outlet 5 in the base plate 2B. In addition, both the inlet 3 and the outlet 5 could also be arranged in the base plate 2B, or both the inlet 3 and the outlet 5 in the cover plate 2D.
- the heating element 4 which is in the form of a web, forms a free end of the wall arranged inside the housing 2, which defines the reversal area between the outwardly winding flow channel section 1a and the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b.
- the free end of the heating element 4, which is arranged in the form of a web, and which is arranged inside the housing 2 can be provided with a stabilizing rod which is attached to the cover plate 2D and the base plate 2B of the housing 2.
- the Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the embodiment of a device according to the invention according to Fig. 1 with the base plate 2B, the inserted heating element 4 and a housing jacket 2M, but without a cover plate 2D. Furthermore, it can be seen that the heating element 4, which is in the form of a web, crosses the housing jacket 2M in its first end section 4.1 via a fluid-tight, slot-shaped fastening area 6. The tightness of the fastening area 6 can be ensured, for example, by potting the fastening area 6 with potting compound or adhesive.
- FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the entire device according to FIG Fig. 1 with base plate 2B, cover plate 2D and housing jacket 2M, as well as with inserted heating element 4, of which in the Fig. 4 only the first end section 4.1 arranged outside the housing 2 can be seen.
- the inlet 3 formed with the aid of a tubular inlet is arranged in the base plate 2B of the housing 2.
- the outlet 5 formed with the aid of a tubular drain is arranged in the cover plate 2D of the Housing 2M.
- the base plate 2B, the cover plate 2D and the housing jacket 2M can each be produced by injection molding, 3D printing or milling.
- the Fig. 4 the inlet 3 and the outlet 5 are arranged on different sides of the housing 2.
- This arrangement makes it easier to couple a plurality of devices in series in order in this way to achieve an overall higher heating output, the outlet 5 of one device being coupled to the inlet 3 of a subsequent device.
- several devices could also be arranged in parallel, the respective inlets 3 being connected to one another via a common feed line, and the respective outlets 5 being connected via a common drain line.
- the heating element 4 consists in a known manner of a web-shaped substrate 7 (preferably made of plastic), a heat distribution layer 8 made of a metallic material, electrodes 9, and a heating layer 10 made of PTC resistance elements, for example carbon pastes or ceramic layers, which are used as ohmic Resistance work.
- the electrodes 9 can for example be made of a hardened, silver-based paste that is applied in viscous form to the substrate 7 by means of screen printing with the desired course and is thermally hardened.
- the PTC resistance elements of the heating layer 10 can be made from a hardened, carbon-based paste, which is also referred to as carbon paste and which can also be applied in viscous form at room temperature by screen printing in the desired arrangement to the substrate 7 and thermally cured.
- the heating element 4 can be insulated from the outside by a dielectric cover film 11.
- the electrical resistance of the PTC resistance elements also changes based on a characteristic curve which, for example, shows a marked increase in a PTC lacquer at around 130 ° C. This marked increase in the characteristic curve means that there is no further heating above 130 ° C.
- the heating element 4 used is therefore self-regulating and cannot overheat.
- the PTC resistance elements enable particularly rapid heating compared to conventional resistance materials. After an initial warming-up phase, the area-related heating power averaged over the entire surface of the heating element 4 is approximately 100 kW / m 2 .
- the core temperature of the heating element 4 occurring in the heating layer 10 is a maximum of 120 ° C.
- Fig. 6 it is explained how the web-shaped heating element 4 designed as a heating film is folded around its longitudinal axis L and around its transverse axis Q to form the wall.
- the heat distribution layer 8 which is arranged on one side, is now on the outside on both sides of the heating element 4 and faces the respective flow channel section 1a, 1b.
- the surface of a first side of the folded, sheet-shaped heating element 4 always faces the outwardly winding flow channel section 1a, and the surface of the second side of the folded, sheet-shaped heating element 4 always faces the inwardly winding flow channel section 1b.
- the web-shaped substrate 7 forms a separating layer between the electrically conductive layers in the form of the electrodes 9 and the heating layer 10 and the fluid, which reduces the risk of short circuits.
- the front sides come to lie along the two broad sides of the heating film on the same side, which can now be arranged outside the housing 2. There is thus no cut edges of the heating foil that would be exposed to the fluid, so that a short circuit is again prevented.
- a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy is thus realized, which has a compact design and not only enables the fluid to be heated quickly, but can also be operated with a higher efficiency compared to known devices. Furthermore, a high level of operational reliability can be guaranteed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Fluids mittels elektrischer Energie, wobei ein zylindrisches Gehäuse (2) mit einem Einlass (3) und einem Auslass (5) für das Fluid vorgesehen ist, und der Einlass (3) mit dem Auslass (5) über einen innerhalb des Gehäuses (2) verlaufenden Strömungskanal (1) für das Fluid verbunden ist, der einen sich mit zunehmendem Abstand zur Zylinderachse auswärts windenden spiralförmigen Strömungskanalabschnitt (1a) aufweist, sowie einen sich mit abnehmendem Abstand zur Zylinderachse einwärts windenden spiralförmigen Strömungskanalabschnitt (1b). Deren Wandung wird aus einem als bahnförmiges Heizelement (4) ausgeführten elektrischen Heizelement (4) gebildet, das mit PTC-Widerstandselementen versehen ist. Der vorgeschlagene Strömungskanal (1) ermöglicht es, dass sich beidseits des spiralförmig angeordneten Heizelements (4) an jeder Stelle Fluide mit Temperaturen befinden, deren Durchschnitt jeweils konstant ist. Dadurch wird der unerwünschte Effekt einer Reduktion der Heizleistung durch den PTC-Effekt eliminiert, was die mögliche Heizleistung der Vorrichtung in einem gegebenen Bauraum drastisch erhöht.Device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, wherein a cylindrical housing (2) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (5) for the fluid is provided, and the inlet (3) with the outlet (5) via an inside of the Housing (2) running flow channel (1) for the fluid is connected, which has a spiral flow channel section (1a) winding outwards with increasing distance from the cylinder axis, and a spiral flow channel section (1b) winding inwards with decreasing distance from the cylinder axis. Its wall is formed from an electrical heating element (4) designed as a web-shaped heating element (4), which is provided with PTC resistance elements. The proposed flow channel (1) makes it possible that on both sides of the spirally arranged heating element (4) there are fluids at every point with temperatures whose average is constant. This eliminates the undesirable effect of reducing the heating power due to the PTC effect, which drastically increases the possible heating power of the device in a given installation space.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Fluids mittels elektrischer Energie, wobei ein zylindrisches Gehäuse mit einem Einlass und einem Auslass für das Fluid vorgesehen ist, und der Einlass mit dem Auslass über einen innerhalb des Gehäuses verlaufenden Strömungskanal für das Fluid verbunden ist, der einen sich um die Zylinderachse des Gehäuses mit abnehmendem Abstand zur Zylinderachse einwärts windenden spiralförmigen Strömungskanalabschnitt aufweist, der von einer senkrecht zwischen einer Deckplatte und einer Bodenplatte des Gehäuses angeordneten Wandung gebildet wird, die mit einem als bahnförmiges Heizelement ausgeführten elektrischen Heizelement zur Erwärmung des strömenden Fluids versehen ist, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, wherein a cylindrical housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, and the inlet is connected to the outlet via a flow channel for the fluid that runs inside the housing around the cylinder axis of the housing with decreasing distance from the cylinder axis inwardly winding spiral flow channel section, which is formed by a wall arranged vertically between a cover plate and a bottom plate of the housing, which is provided with an electrical heating element designed as a web-shaped heating element for heating the flowing fluid , according to the preamble of claim 1.
Vorrichtungen der genannten Art sind etwa aus der
Aus der
Die
Die
Die
Es besteht somit das Ziel der Erfindung darin eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Fluids mittels elektrischer Energie bereitzustellen, die eine kompakte Bauweise aufweist und nicht nur eine rasche Erwärmung des Fluids ermöglicht, sondern auch mit einem im Vergleich zu bekannten Vorrichtungen höheren Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden kann. Des Weiteren soll eine hohe Betriebssicherheit gewährleistet sein.The aim of the invention is therefore to provide a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, which has a compact design and not only enables the fluid to be heated quickly, but can also be operated with a higher degree of efficiency compared to known devices. Furthermore, a high level of operational safety should be guaranteed.
Diese Ziele werden durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 erreicht. Anspruch 1 bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Fluids mittels elektrischer Energie, wobei ein zylindrisches Gehäuse mit einem Einlass und einem Auslass für das Fluid vorgesehen ist, und der Einlass mit dem Auslass über einen innerhalb des Gehäuses verlaufenden Strömungskanal für das Fluid verbunden ist, der einen sich um die Zylinderachse des Gehäuses mit abnehmendem Abstand zur Zylinderachse einwärts windenden spiralförmigen Strömungskanalabschnitt aufweist, der von einer senkrecht zwischen einer Deckplatte und einer Bodenplatte des Gehäuses angeordneten Wandung gebildet wird, die mit einem als bahnförmiges Heizelement ausgeführten elektrischen Heizelement zur Erwärmung des strömenden Fluids versehen ist. Erfindungsgemäß wird hierbei vorgeschlagen, dass die Wandung zusätzlich einen sich um die Zylinderachse des Gehäuses mit zunehmendem Abstand zur Zylinderachse auswärts windenden spiralförmigen Strömungskanalabschnitt bildet, wobei die Wandung in einem zentralen Bereich des Gehäuseinneren einen den sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt abschließenden Endbereich umgrenzt, der in den Auslass mündet, sowie einen den sich auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt abschließenden Endbereich umgrenzt, in den der Einlass mündet, und der sich auswärts windende Strömungskanalabschnitt in einem der Gehäuseinnenwand nächstliegenden Abschnitt der Wandung über einen durch ein freies Ende der Wandung gebildeten Umkehrbereich in den sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt mündet, wobei die Wandung vom bahnförmig ausgeführten Heizelement gebildet wird, das mit PTC-Widerstandselementen versehen ist, und als Grenzfläche zwischen dem sich auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt und dem sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt ausgeführt ist.These goals are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy, wherein a cylindrical housing is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fluid, and the inlet is connected to the outlet via a flow channel for the fluid running inside the housing, which has a spiral-shaped flow channel section which winds inwardly around the cylinder axis of the housing with decreasing distance to the cylinder axis, which is formed by a wall arranged vertically between a cover plate and a bottom plate of the housing, which is equipped with an electrical heating element designed as a web-shaped heating element for heating the flowing fluid is provided. According to the invention, it is proposed here that the wall additionally forms a spiral flow channel section which winds outwards around the cylinder axis of the housing with increasing distance from the cylinder axis, the wall in a central area of the interior of the housing enclosing an end area closing off the inwardly winding flow channel section, which into the outlet opens, as well as an end area closing off the outward winding flow channel section, into which the inlet opens, and the outward winding flow channel section in a section of the wall closest to the inner wall of the housing opens into the inward winding flow channel section via a reversal area formed by a free end of the wall , wherein the wall is formed by the heating element in the form of a web, which is provided with PTC resistance elements, and as an interface between the outward winding flow channel section and the inwardly winding flow channel section.
Die zu erwärmende Flüssigkeit wird der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung über den Einlass zugeführt, der in den Endbereich des sich auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnittes mündet. Die Flüssigkeit strömt somit vom zentralen Bereich des Gehäuses in die peripheren Bereiche des Gehäuseinneren, wobei es durch eine diesem auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt zugewandte Oberfläche des bahnförmigen Heizelements, das die Wandung dieses Strömungskanalabschnittes bildet, erwärmt wird. Der sich auswärts windende Strömungskanalabschnitt mündet in einem der Gehäuseinnenwand nächstliegenden Abschnitt der Wandung über einen durch ein freies Ende der Wandung gebildeten Umkehrbereich in den sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt. Die Flüssigkeit strömt somit von den peripheren Bereichen des Gehäuseinneren wieder in den zentralen Bereich des Gehäuses zurück, wobei es durch eine dem einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt zugewandte Oberfläche desselben bahnförmigen Heizelements weiter erwärmt wird. Der sich einwärts windende Strömungskanalabschnitt endet im zentralen Bereich des Gehäuses schließlich in einem Endbereich, der in den Auslass mündet. Da die vom bahnförmigen Heizelement gebildete Wandung als Grenzfläche zwischen dem sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt und dem sich auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt ausgeführt ist, umströmt die Flüssigkeit beide Oberflächen desselben Heizelements. Der Temperaturunterschied der in den zentralen Bereich über den Einlass eingeleiteten Flüssigkeit und der über den Auslass abgeleiteten Flüssigkeit, der sich ebenfalls im zentralen Bereich befindet, ist dabei maximal. Somit ist auch der Temperaturunterschied der zu beiden Seiten des Heizelements strömenden Flüssigkeit maximal, und zwar in jenem Abschnitt des Heizelements, der im zentralen Bereich des Gehäuses angeordnet ist. In den peripheren Bereichen der sich einwärts und auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitte ist der Temperaturunterschied der zu beiden Seiten des Heizelements strömenden Flüssigkeit hingegen minimal. Der Mittelwert der zu beiden Seiten des Heizelements vorliegenden Temperatur ist über den gesamten Verlauf des Heizelements hingegen annähernd konstant. So wird über die gesamte Länge des bahnförmigen Heizelements sichergestellt, dass die Temperatur innerhalb des mit PTC-Widerstandselementen versehenen Heizelements annähernd konstant ist und der innere ohmsche Widerstand der PTC-Widerstandselemente pro Längeneinheit somit annähernd konstant über die Länge ist, was eine gleichmäßige elektrische Leistungsabgabe in Bezug auf die von der Temperatur abhängigen PTC-Widerstandscharakteristik sicherstellt. Im Umkehrbereich am freien Ende der Wandung erreicht die Temperatur des Fluids annähernd die Hälfte der gewünschten Temperatursteigerung zwischen Eintritts- und Austrittstemperatur. Für einen optimalen Wirkungsgrad sollte ferner die vom Heizelement entlang der Strömungsstrecke vom Einlass bis zum Umkehrbereich abgegebene Heizleistung der Hälfte der für die gesamte Strömungsstrecke vom Einlass bis zum Auslass vorgesehenen Heizleistung entsprechen. Da an jeder Stelle des Heizelements der durch das Fluid bewirkte Temperaturmittelwert konstant ist, wird der unerwünschte Effekt einer Reduktion der Heizleistung durch die PTC-Charakteristik eliminiert, wodurch die mögliche Heizleistung der Vorrichtung in einem gegebenen Bauraum drastisch erhöht werden kann und der Wirkungsgrad optimiert wird. Zudem wird das Gehäuseinnere aufgrund der maximierten beheizten Oberfläche in idealer Weise ausgenützt und die Wärmeübertragung an das durchströmende Fluid optimiert. Auf diese Weise werden kompakte bauliche Ausführungen ermöglicht.The liquid to be heated is fed to the device according to the invention via the inlet which opens into the end region of the outward winding flow channel section. The liquid thus flows from the central area of the housing into the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing, being heated by a surface of the web-shaped heating element which faces this outwardly winding flow channel section and which forms the wall of this flow channel section. The outward winding flow channel section opens in a section of the wall closest to the housing inner wall via a reversal region formed by a free end of the wall into the inward winding flow channel section. The liquid thus flows back from the peripheral areas of the interior of the housing into the central area of the housing, wherein it is further heated by a surface of the same web-shaped heating element facing the inwardly winding flow channel section. The inwardly winding flow channel section ends in the central area of the housing in an end area which opens into the outlet. Since the wall formed by the web-like heating element is designed as an interface between the inwardly winding flow channel section and the outwardly winding flow channel section, the liquid flows around both surfaces of the same heating element. The temperature difference between the liquid introduced into the central area via the inlet and the liquid discharged via the outlet, which is also located in the central area, is maximum. The temperature difference between the liquid flowing on both sides of the heating element is thus also maximal, specifically in that section of the heating element which is arranged in the central region of the housing. In the peripheral areas of the inward and outward winding flow channel sections, on the other hand, the temperature difference between the liquid flowing on both sides of the heating element is minimal. Is the mean value of the temperature on both sides of the heating element In contrast, almost constant over the entire course of the heating element. This ensures over the entire length of the web-shaped heating element that the temperature within the heating element provided with PTC resistance elements is approximately constant and the internal ohmic resistance of the PTC resistance elements per unit length is thus approximately constant over the length, which results in a uniform electrical power output in With regard to the temperature-dependent PTC resistance characteristic. In the reversal area at the free end of the wall, the temperature of the fluid reaches approximately half the desired temperature increase between the inlet and outlet temperature. For optimum efficiency, the heating output emitted by the heating element along the flow path from the inlet to the reversal area should also correspond to half of the heating output provided for the entire flow path from the inlet to the outlet. Since the mean temperature value caused by the fluid is constant at every point of the heating element, the undesired effect of a reduction in the heating power due to the PTC characteristic is eliminated, whereby the possible heating power of the device can be increased drastically in a given installation space and the efficiency is optimized. In addition, the inside of the housing is ideally used due to the maximized heated surface and the heat transfer to the fluid flowing through is optimized. In this way, compact structural designs are made possible.
Eine konkrete bauliche Ausführung sieht etwa vor, dass das bahnförmig ausgeführte Heizelement in einem ersten Endabschnitt über einen fluiddichten, schlitzförmigen Befestigungsbereich den Gehäusemantel quert und ein erstes, elektrische Anschlüsse aufweisendes und außerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnetes Ende des Heizelements bildet, und in einem zweiten Endabschnitt das innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnete, freie Ende der Wandung bildet. Die Dichtheit kann etwa durch Vergießen des Befestigungsbereiches mit Vergussmasse oder Klebstoff sichergestellt werden.A specific structural design provides that the heating element, which is designed in web form, crosses the housing jacket in a first end section via a fluid-tight, slot-shaped fastening area and forms a first end of the heating element that has electrical connections and is arranged outside the housing, and the inside in a second end section the housing arranged, free end of the wall forms. The tightness can be ensured, for example, by potting the fastening area with potting compound or adhesive.
Das bahnförmig ausgeführte Heizelement kann ferner mit seinen Längsseiten in Nuten der Deckplatte und der Bodenplatte des Gehäuses befestigt sein.The heating element, which is designed in the form of a web, can also be fastened with its long sides in grooves in the cover plate and the base plate of the housing.
Zur Erhöhung der strukturellen Stabilität der Vorrichtung insbesondere im Umkehrbereich wird insbesondere vorgeschlagen, dass das innerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnete, freie Ende des bahnförmig ausgeführten Heizelements mit einem Stabilisierungsstab versehen ist, der an der Deckplatte und der Bodenplatte des Gehäuses befestigt ist.To increase the structural stability of the device, especially in the reversal area, it is proposed in particular that the free end of the web-shaped heating element arranged inside the housing is provided with a stabilizing rod which is attached to the cover plate and the base plate of the housing.
Das Heizelement besteht in an sich bekannter Weise aus einem bahnförmigen Substrat (vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff), einer Wärmeverteillage aus Metall, Elektroden und einer Heizschicht aus PTC-Widerstandselementen, beispielsweise Carbon-Pasten oder Keramikschichten, die als ohmscher Widerstand wirken und im Siebdruckverfahren aufgebracht werden. Nach außen kann das Heizelement durch eine dielektrische Deckfolie isoliert sein. Wie bereits ausgeführt wurde, zeichnet sich das PTC-Material der PTC-Widerstandselemente durch eine stark nicht-lineare Kennlinie aus, indem der elektrische Widerstand des Materials mit steigender Temperatur (verursacht durch Betrieb oder passive Erwärmung) ansteigt und das Material bei der materialspezifischen Abregelungstemperatur schließlich hochohmig wird. Dadurch sinkt die elektrische Heizleistung und somit kommt es zu keiner weiteren Erwärmung. Dies gilt auch für lokale thermische Inhomogenitäten wie z.B. Lufteinschlüsse im Fluid. Das verwendete Heizelement ist dadurch selbstregelnd und kann nicht überhitzen. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht das PTC-Material der PTC-Widerstandselemente eine im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Widerstandsmaterialien besonders rasche Aufheizung.The heating element consists in a known manner of a web-shaped substrate (preferably made of plastic), a heat distribution layer made of metal, electrodes and a heating layer made of PTC resistance elements, for example carbon pastes or ceramic layers, which act as an ohmic resistance and are applied using the screen printing process. The heating element can be insulated from the outside by a dielectric cover film. As already explained, the PTC material of the PTC resistance elements is characterized by a strongly non-linear characteristic curve, in that the electrical resistance of the material increases with increasing temperature (caused by operation or passive heating) and the material finally increases at the material-specific cut-off temperature becomes high resistance. As a result, the electrical heating output decreases and there is no further heating. This also applies to local thermal inhomogeneities such as Air inclusions in the fluid. The heating element used is self-regulating and cannot overheat. At the same time, the PTC material of the PTC resistance elements enables particularly rapid heating compared to conventional resistance materials.
Für solche Ausführungsformen wird vorgeschlagen, dass das bahnförmige Heizelement als Heizfolie ausgeführt ist, die zur Bildung der Wandung um seine Längsachse sowie um seine Querachse gefaltet ist. Durch die Faltung um die Längsachse wird erreicht, dass sich die an sich einseitig angeordnete Wärmeverteillage nun zu beiden Seiten des Heizelements außen befindet und dem jeweiligen Strömungskanalabschnitt zugewandt ist. Zudem bildet das Substrat der Heizfolie eine trennende Schicht zwischen den elektrisch leitenden Schichten in Form der Elektroden und der Heizschicht und dem Fluid, wodurch die Gefahr von Kurzschlüssen reduziert wird. Durch die Faltung in Querrichtung kommen die Stirnseiten entlang der beiden Breitseiten der Heizfolie auf derselben Seite zu liegen, die nun außerhalb des Gehäuses angeordnet werden kann. Es gibt somit keine Schnittkanten der Heizfolie, die dem Fluid ausgesetzt wären, sodass ein Kurzschluss wiederum unterbunden wird.For such embodiments, it is proposed that the web-like heating element is designed as a heating film which is folded around its longitudinal axis and around its transverse axis to form the wall. By folding around the longitudinal axis it is achieved that the heat distribution layer, which is arranged on one side, is now on the outside on both sides of the heating element and faces the respective flow channel section. In addition, the substrate of the heating foil forms a separating one Layer between the electrically conductive layers in the form of the electrodes and the heating layer and the fluid, which reduces the risk of short circuits. By folding in the transverse direction, the front sides come to lie along the two broad sides of the heating film on the same side, which can now be arranged outside the housing. There are therefore no cut edges on the heating foil that would be exposed to the fluid, so that a short circuit is again prevented.
Schließlich wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Einlass und der Auslass auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Gehäuses angeordnet sind. Diese Anordnung erleichtert es, mehrere Vorrichtungen in Serie zu koppeln, um auf diese Weise insgesamt eine höhere Heizleistung zu erzielen. Um ein größeres Fluidvolumen zu erhitzen, können auch mehrere Vorrichtungen parallel angeordnet werden.Finally, it is proposed that the inlet and the outlet are arranged on different sides of the housing. This arrangement makes it easier to couple several devices in series in order to achieve a higher heating output overall in this way. In order to heat a larger volume of fluid, several devices can also be arranged in parallel.
Die Erfindung wird in weiterer Folge anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen mithilfe der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen hierbei die
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Fig. 1 eine Schnittansicht durch eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, -
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäßFig. 1 mit Bodenplatte und eingelegtem Heizelement, aber ohne Deckplatte und Gehäusemantel, -
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäßFig. 1 mit Bodenplatte, eingelegtem Heizelement und Gehäusemantel, aber ohne Deckplatte, -
Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht der Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäßFig. 1 mit Bodenplatte, Deckplatte und Gehäusemantel, sowie mit eingelegtem Heizelement, -
Fig. 5 eine schematische Ansicht für einen möglichen Aufbau des bahnförmigen Heizelements, und die -
Fig. 6 eine schematische Ansicht zur Erläuterung der Faltung um die Längsachse sowie die Querachse des Heizelements.
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Fig. 1 a sectional view through an embodiment of a device according to the invention, -
Fig. 2 a perspective view of the embodiment of a device according to the invention according toFig. 1 with base plate and inserted heating element, but without cover plate and housing jacket, -
Fig. 3 a perspective view of the embodiment of a device according to the invention according toFig. 1 with base plate, inserted heating element and housing jacket, but without cover plate, -
Fig. 4 a perspective view of the embodiment of a device according to the invention according toFig. 1 with base plate, cover plate and housing jacket, as well as with inserted heating element, -
Fig. 5 a schematic view of a possible structure of the web-shaped heating element, and -
Fig. 6 a schematic view to explain the folding about the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis of the heating element.
Zunächst wird auf die
Der gezeigte Strömungspfad leitet somit das zentral durch den Einlass 3 eintretende kühle Fluid entlang der durch das spiralförmig angeordnete Heizelement 4 und den vom Heizelement 4 gebildeten, ersten Strömungskanalabschnitt 1a nach außen, wo es umgelenkt wird und wieder entlang eines zwischen den zuerst durchflossenen Bahnen verlaufenden, zweiten Strömungskanalabschnittes 1b nach innen fließt und durch den Auslass 5 wieder aus dem Gehäuse 2 tritt. Da die Wandung aus dem Heizelement 4 gebildet wird, erwärmt sich das Fluid dabei, wenn das Heizelement 4 eingeschaltet ist und so seine Wärme an das Fluid abgibt. Der PTC-Effekt der PTC-Widerstandselemente des Heizelements 4 würde an sich bewirken, dass in den äußeren Bereichen des spiralförmig angeordneten Heizelements 4 der elektrische Widerstand des Heizelements 4 durch die höhere Temperatur des Fluids steigt und die Heizleistung sinkt, was im Widerspruch zum Ziel der möglichst starken Erwärmung des durch das Gehäuse 2 strömenden Fluids entlang des gesamten Strömungspfads steht. Der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Strömungskanal 1 ermöglicht es nun in vorteilhafter Weise, dass sich beidseits des spiralförmig angeordneten Heizelements 4 an jeder Stelle Fluide mit Temperaturen befinden, deren Durchschnitt jeweils konstant ist. So befindet sich im Bereich der Einströmstelle das kühlste Fluid, während sich auf der anderen Seite des Heizelements 4 das heißeste Fluid befindet, weil dieses bereits den gesamten Strömungspfad durchflossen und daher die maximale Heizleistung aufgenommen hat. Der Durchschnitt der beiden Temperaturen entspricht weitgehend der Temperatur im Umlenkbereich des Strömungspfads, wo das kühle Fluid etwa die Hälfte des Strömungspfades durchflossen und somit etwa die Hälfte der Heizleistung aufgenommen hat. Da an jeder Stelle des Heizelements 4 die durch das Fluid entstehende Durchschnittstemperatur konstant ist, wird der unerwünschte Effekt einer Reduktion der Heizleistung durch den PTC-Effekt eliminiert, was die mögliche Heizleistung der Vorrichtung in einem gegebenen Bauraum drastisch erhöht.The flow path shown thus directs the cool fluid entering centrally through the
Eine konkrete bauliche Ausführung der Vorrichtung wird anhand der
In einem zweiten Endabschnitt 4.2 bildet das bahnförmig ausgeführte Heizelement 4 ein innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 angeordnetes, freies Ende der Wandung, das den Umkehrbereich zwischen dem sich auswärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt 1a und dem sich einwärts windenden Strömungskanalabschnitt 1b definiert. Zur Erhöhung der strukturellen Stabilität der Vorrichtung insbesondere im Umkehrbereich kann das innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 angeordnete, freie Ende des bahnförmig ausgeführten Heizelements 4 mit einem Stabilisierungsstab versehen sein, der an der Deckplatte 2D und der Bodenplatte 2B des Gehäuses 2 befestigt ist.In a second end section 4.2, the
Die
Die
Anhand der
Wird an die Elektroden 9 über die elektrischen Anschlüsse des ersten Endabschnittes 4.1 eine Gleichspannung oder Wechselspannung von beispielsweise 230 V angelegt, so fließt durch die Elektroden ein Strom, der in den PTC-Widerstandselementen der Heizschicht 10 in Wärme umgewandelt wird, die zunächst die Heizschicht 10 erwärmt. Dadurch ändert sich auch der elektrische Widerstand der PTC-Widerstandselemente anhand einer Kennlinie, die beispielsweise bei einem PTC-Lack bei etwa 130°C einen markanten Anstieg zeigt. Dieser markante Anstieg der Kennlinie bewirkt, dass es oberhalb von 130°C zu keiner weiteren Erwärmung mehr kommt. Das verwendete Heizelement 4 ist dadurch selbstregelnd und kann nicht überhitzen. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen die PTC-Widerstandselemente eine im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Widerstandsmaterialien besonders rasche Aufheizung. Nach einer anfänglichen Aufwärmphase beträgt die über die gesamte Oberfläche des Heizelements 4 gemittelte flächenbezogene Heizleistung etwa 100 kW/m2. Die in der Heizschicht 10 auftretende Kerntemperatur des Heizelements 4 beträgt dabei maximal 120°C.If a direct voltage or alternating voltage of, for example, 230 V is applied to the
Anhand der
Mithilfe der Erfindung wird somit eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung eines Fluids mittels elektrischer Energie verwirklicht, die eine kompakte Bauweise aufweist und nicht nur eine rasche Erwärmung des Fluids ermöglicht, sondern auch mit einem im Vergleich zu bekannten Vorrichtungen höheren Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden kann. Des Weiteren kann eine hohe Betriebssicherheit gewährleistet werden.With the help of the invention, a device for heating a fluid by means of electrical energy is thus realized, which has a compact design and not only enables the fluid to be heated quickly, but can also be operated with a higher efficiency compared to known devices. Furthermore, a high level of operational reliability can be guaranteed.
Claims (7)
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AT601042019A AT522500B1 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2019-04-23 | Spiral heat exchanger |
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EP3731596A2 true EP3731596A2 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
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EP3731596B1 EP3731596B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
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EP20169807.3A Active EP3731596B1 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2020-04-16 | Spiral heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3731596B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT522500B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2886339T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4418817A1 (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2024-08-21 | Röchling Automotive SE | A spacer device for producing wound heating elements and a wound heating element |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH101971A (en) | 1923-06-06 | 1923-11-01 | Jost Emil | Electric heating apparatus for liquids. |
EP0104673A2 (en) | 1982-09-24 | 1984-04-04 | Onofrio Rocchitelli | Heating device for the glass washing fluid of motor vehicles and the like |
DE29618194U1 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-12-12 | GEA Canzler GmbH, 52351 Düren | Spiral heat exchanger |
DE19837923C1 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2000-01-20 | Hans Biermaier | Thermal sterilizer for liquids, such as drinking water, which uses a counter current flow spiral heat exchanger |
KR100762010B1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2007-09-28 | 윤국선 | Induction heating type thermal mat |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5326537A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-07-05 | Cleary James M | Counterflow catalytic device |
WO1999057492A1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 1999-11-11 | Thermatrix, Inc. | A device for thermally processing a gas stream, and method for same |
JP3889698B2 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2007-03-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Heat storage device |
DE102009021656A1 (en) * | 2009-05-16 | 2010-11-18 | Wmf Württembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag | Instantaneous water heater and method for controlling and regulating such |
WO2011072453A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | Advanced Materials Enterprises Company Limited | Water heating apparatus |
KR20130107764A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-10-02 | 홍성훈 | Electric instant hot water heating duct |
-
2019
- 2019-04-23 AT AT601042019A patent/AT522500B1/en active
-
2020
- 2020-04-16 ES ES20169807T patent/ES2886339T3/en active Active
- 2020-04-16 EP EP20169807.3A patent/EP3731596B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH101971A (en) | 1923-06-06 | 1923-11-01 | Jost Emil | Electric heating apparatus for liquids. |
EP0104673A2 (en) | 1982-09-24 | 1984-04-04 | Onofrio Rocchitelli | Heating device for the glass washing fluid of motor vehicles and the like |
DE29618194U1 (en) | 1996-08-29 | 1996-12-12 | GEA Canzler GmbH, 52351 Düren | Spiral heat exchanger |
DE19837923C1 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2000-01-20 | Hans Biermaier | Thermal sterilizer for liquids, such as drinking water, which uses a counter current flow spiral heat exchanger |
KR100762010B1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2007-09-28 | 윤국선 | Induction heating type thermal mat |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4418817A1 (en) | 2023-02-17 | 2024-08-21 | Röchling Automotive SE | A spacer device for producing wound heating elements and a wound heating element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2886339T3 (en) | 2021-12-17 |
EP3731596B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
EP3731596A3 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
AT522500A1 (en) | 2020-11-15 |
AT522500B1 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
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