EP3729470A1

EP3729470A1 - Insulation, electrical machine and method for producing the insulation

Info

Publication number: EP3729470A1
Application number: EP19706910.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jürgen Huber; Steffen Lang; Niels Müller; Igor Ritberg; Matthias ÜBLER
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Innomotics GmbH
Priority date: 2018-02-09
Filing date: 2019-02-07
Publication date: 2020-10-28
Also published as: CN111684546B; US20200403475A1; RU2756293C1; CN111684546A; WO2019154933A1; US11424654B2; DE102018202061A1

Abstract

The invention initially relates to a sprayable formulation for producing a multi-layer insulation for an electrical machine, in particular a rotating electrical machine in the high-voltage or medium-voltage range such as a generator, transformer which are exposed to relatively high rated voltages at operating voltages, that is, 1 kV or more, for example. The invention further relates to an electrical machine which comprises such an insulation, and also to a method for producing the multi-layer insulation. This comprises spraying different formulations with or without intermediate, in particular metallic, interfaces and it can be automated.

Description

description

Isolation, electrical machine and method of making the insulation

The invention discloses for the first time a sprayable formulation for producing a multilayer insulation for an electric machine, in particular a rotating electrical machine of the high voltage or medium voltage range such as a generator, transformer, the higher rated voltages at operating voltages, that is, for example, from 1 kV or more are exposed. Moreover, the invention relates to an electrical machine comprising such insulation, finally, the invention relates to a method for producing the multilayer insulation.

More and more powerful electrical machines, such as generators, are being developed as the advancement of technology requires ever higher power densities. A high-performance generator, such as a Turbogenera gate, in particular has a stator or stator with a stator core and a plurality of generator grooves in which the generator insulation system, usually in the form of a winding, is located.

The main insulation of generators, based on epoxide resin-impregnated mica tapes, provides shielding of the high-voltage conductors, in particular Kupferlei ter against the grounded stator. It has a high partial discharge insertion voltage, which allows it to permanently degrade, for example, 3.5kV per millimeter.

The most important components of the insulation system are viewed from the inside outwards, the conductors, in particular copper conductors, ie the electrical coil, which are pressed together to form so-called verröbelten rods, if appropriate, applied to the rods Innenpotentialsteue- tion, IPS, the main insulation and then the outside corona shielding, AGS and possibly an end corona protection.

The generator and / or motor winding leaves at each of the end faces of the laminated core, the generator grooves. At these points, the AGS will then have a so-called

End corona protection, EGS, applied to control the electrical potential, for example, to raise the potential across the EGS length. All these components of the Isolationsssys system, so IPS, main insulation, AGS and EGS, are so far usually wound as bands on the sub-conductor, where parts of it, such as the EGS, are applied completely by hand. Also, the other parts can not be applied automatically, because either the number of automation does not make the Sieren economic and / or the risk of trapped air in the folds does not guarantee the quality that is required in the winding.

After all the windings of the insulation system are made, they are impregnated with impregnating resin, then the impregnated insulation - for example, in a furnace - cured to the duromer.

During operation of the electric rotating machine, high voltages arise which must be dissipated in the insulating volume between the high-voltage conductor bar and the Erdpo potential lying laminated core. Feldüberhö arise at the edges of the sheets in the laminated core Feldüberhö, which in turn cause partial discharges. These partial discharges lead locally to very strong heating when hitting the Isolationsssys system. The organic materials of the insulation system are successively in never dermolekulare, volatile products, for example, in CO ₂ zer sets.

The tapes that are wound, as a rule, consist of glued mica platelets, which in the insulation are used to extend the erosion path in the insulation system, ie the direct path from the high voltage side, so the Lei tern, towards the grounded laminated core, resulting in a significantly longer life of an insulation system results.

Object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the Nachtei le of the prior art, in particular to overcome the disadvantages of a winding tape insulation and the cost of producing an insulation system for a ro animal electrical machine of the high voltage or medium voltage range such as a generator, Trans formator, a bushing and / or a cable, the higher rated voltages at operating voltages, so example, from 1 kV or more, are exposed to lower.

The solution of the object and the subject of the present invention are disclosed in the present specification, the fi gures and the claims.

Accordingly, the subject of the present invention ei ne insulation of a conductor of an electrical rotating machine Ma, characterized in that the insulation comprises two or more layers which can be produced by sprayable paint formulations includes, wherein at least one mechanically bearing paint layer with a partial discharge resistant Paint layer to form adjacent layers of insulation.

As "contiguous" is referred to herein, that the two layers or layers of a mechanically bearing paint formulation on the one hand and from a teilentladungsre sistenten salmon formulation on the other hand, adjacent, where is not necessarily a prerequisite that they form a common same interface.

Rather, in the context of the invention, it is also possible that the lacquer layers can be sprayed on by means of a powder coating process, which is designed, for example, electrostatically. For this, however, it would be more difficult with increasing radial distance of the paint layer to be sprayed to apply the tension to the documents. conditions that the electrostatically sprayable powder coating needs. Therefore, according to one embodiment, it is provided to apply a thinnest electrically conductive boundary layer to an already sprayed and dried layer by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, etc. The thickness of this electrically chargeable boundary layer, the "interface" can also be only a few atomic layers thick, so that the technology of electrostatic powder coating spray spraying works again.

For example, a partially discharge-resistant paint formulation contains at least one sprayable resin mixture with a monomeric and / or oligomeric resin component

Silica, siloxane, silazane, vinyl, silane / vinyl, silane / acrylate, and / or silane / methacrylate and / or other paint formulations with high inorganic and / or mineral content.

In addition, there are one or more compounds which can be used as hardeners and which are based on carbon and / or on

Silicon oxide, siloxane and / or silazane base or on the basis of other, above-mentioned partial discharge resistant Lackfor formulations are part of a sprayable formulation according to the invention.

In addition, the invention is an electrical rota-generating machine with such insulation and finally, the subject of the invention is a method for producing an insulation for an electric rotating machine, by spraying a solid powder coating, a liquid solvent-containing paint and / or a liquid solvent-free paint ,

General knowledge of the invention is that on mica flakes, as they are commonly used in all tape and / or Wi ckelisolationen and are not versprühbar because they are simply too large, can be dispensed with, if as a resin base, a resin and / or a resin mixture is set, which is partially resistant to discharge. It was known that the resistance of a sprayable resin is increased by the addition of smaller mica powder, if at least a portion of the resin by a partial discharge resistant Kom component such as a siloxane and / or silazane base, al as - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0] _n - and / or a - [-S1-NR3-] _n - backbone on has replaced. Thus, it is possible to dispense with the use of glued to the tape mica flakes and the Isolati onsmaterial be formulated and prepared in the form of a sprayable solution.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the Formu lation further includes fillers that are so small that they can be applied by a spray nozzle.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one teilentladungsre-resistant resin mixture or resin-hardener mixture is sprayed onto the conductor to be insulated for the preparation of the insulation.

Partial discharge resistant resins and resin blends are at play as those in which the polymeric component is a component having a - [SZR2-O-] _n - and / or - [-S1-NR ₃ -] _n - backbone as a minor component of the resin mixture, and / or resin-hardener mixture, that is less than 50 mol%, in particular less than 40 mol%, and more preferably less than 30 mol% of the polymerizable resin mixture and / or resin-hardener mixture is present.

According to the invention, a mixture is provided as the resin mixture and / or resin hardener mixture for the insulation, in which at least a portion of the finished insulation to a thermosetting resin mixture and / or resin-hardener mixture is a siloxane and / or silazane-containing compound forming a - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0] _n and / or a - [-S 1 NR ₃ -] _n backbone in the duromer.

In this case, "R" stands for hydrogen and / or all types of organic radicals which, for curing and / or crosslinking, become NEM suitable for an insulation system insulation material eig NEN. In particular, R represents -aryl, -alkyl, -heterocycles, nitrogen, oxygen and / or sulfur-substituted aryls and / or alkyls.

In particular, R may be the same or different and represent the following groups:

- hydrogen

Alkyl, for example methyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, cyclopentyl and all other analogs up to dodecyl, ie the homolog with 12 carbon atoms;

Aryl, for example: benzyl, benzoyl, biphenyl,

Toluyl-, xylenes and similar aromatics, in particular, for example, all aryl radicals, with one or more ren rings whose structure corresponds to the definition of Hückel for the aromaticity,

Heterocycles: in particular sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiophene, tetrahydrothiophene, 1,4-thioxane and homologues and / or derivatives thereof,

Oxygen-containing heterocycles, e.g. Dioxane,

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles, e.g. those with -CN, -CNO, -CNS, -N3 (azide) substituents on the ring or on the rings and

Sulfur-substituted aryls and / or alkyls: e.g. Thiophene, but also thiols.

The Hückel Rule for Aromatic Compounds refers to the connexion that planar, cyclic-conjugated molecules comprising a number of P-electrons, which can be represented in the form of 4n + 2, possess particular stability, also known as Aromaticity is called.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention to summarizes the resin mixture and / or resin-hardener mixture in addition to the polymerization functionalized monomer and / or oligomeric present component, the - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0] _n - / - [- Si NR3-] _n - backbone has, at least one of the polymerisa- tion functionalized monomeric or oligomeric resin component with a carbon - ie - [-CR2-] n-units comprising backbone. In this case, R is -hydrogen, -aryl, -alkyl, -heterocycles, nitrogen, oxygen and / or sulfur-substituted aryls and / or alkyls. In particular, epoxy-functionalized components, such as

Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) or bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), polyurethane and blends. Preference is given to epoxy resins based on bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) or mixtures thereof.

For example, the monomer or oligomeric component functionalized for polymerization, which has a - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0] _n - and / or - [-S 1 -NR ₃ -] _n - backbone has one or more,

- [-CR2-] _n ^- backbone-containing components selected from the group consisting of the following compounds combined to the resin mixture and / or resin-hardener mixture:

undistilled and / or distilled, optionally reactive dilute bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, undistilled and / or distilled, optionally reactive dilute bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and / or hydrogenated bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, purer and / or or solvent-diluted epoxy novolac and / or epoxy-phenol novolac, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate z. B.

CY179, ERL-4221; Celloxide 2021P, bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, eg ERL-4299; Celloxide 2081, vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, eg ERL-4206; Celloxide 2000, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-5,5-spiro-3,4-epoxy) -cyclohexane-meta-dioxane, eg ERL-4234; Hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, eg CY184, EPalloy 5200; Tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ether, eg CY192; glycidated amino resins (N, N-diglycidyl-para-glycidyloxyaniline eg MY0500, MY0510, N, N-diglycidyl-meta-glycidyloxyaniline eg MY0600, MY0610, N, N, N ', N'-tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline, for example MY720, MY721, MY725, as well as any mixtures of the aforementioned compounds. Suitable monomerically or oligomerically functionalized monomeric components which have a - [SiR ₂ -O-] _n - and / or - [- S1-NR ₃ -] _n - backbone are glycidyl-based and / or epoxy-terminated aryl and / or alkyl siloxanes, such as glycidoxy functionalized, in particular

glycidoxy-terminated siloxanes. For example, a siloxane such as 1,3-bis (3-glycidyl-oxypropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, DGTMS, and / or glycidoxy-terminated phenyl-dimethylsiloxane and / or phenyl-methyl-siloxane in monomeric and / or oligomeric form is suitable. as in any mixtures and / or in the form of derivatives. One of these already tested components is commercially available as "Silres® HP® 1250®. It has been found that at least two-functionalized siloxanes which can be used for the production of thermosets are suitable here.

Suitable hardeners are cationic and anionic Härtungska catalysts, such as organic salts, such as organic cal ammonium, sulphonium, iodonium, phosphonium and / or imidazolium salts and amines, such as tertiary amines, pyrazoles and / or imidazole compounds. As an example, 4, 5-dihydroxymethyl-2-phenylimidazole and / or 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole may be mentioned here. But it can also

oxirane group-containing compounds, such as

Glycidyl ether can be used as a hardener. As well as the base resin and the curing agent can alternatively or additionally by a compound having - [-S1R ₂ -O-] _n ^_ and / or - [-S1-NR ₃ -] _n - backbone, also referred to as Siloxane compound here, partially or completely replaced.

In the case of addition-curing, not

homopolymerizing high polymers may at room temperature solid di- or trianhydride (derivatives) be useful as a hardener, such as. 3, 3 ', 4, 4' - benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA, CAS No. 2421-28-5)

Conventionally, acid anhydrides are also successfully used as hardeners in the iso lationsmaterialien. Their toxicology is no longer quite uncontroversial meanwhile. Therefore, other hardeners, especially on imidazole and / or pyrazole based reinforced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the carbon-based hardener is also partially or completely replaced by siloxane-based hardeners with the same funcionalities.

It has been found that in the insulation preferably has a ratio of teilentladungsresisitentem resin, so silica, silazane and / or Siloxanbasierter, "with - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0-] _n - and / or - [-S1-NR3 ] _n - backbone "- connection to mechanically carrying resin, so carbon-based resin is present in which the mechanically load-bearing resin dominated al so more than 50% by weight and / or more than 50% by volume and / or more than 50 mol% makes ,

In particular, for example, the following conditions exist: partial discharge-resistant resin, so silica, silazane and / or Siloxanbasierter, "with - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0-] _n - and / or - [- Si-NR3] _n - -Rückgrat" - Bonding to mechanically-bearing resin, ie carbon-based resin "with - [- CR2-] _n ^_ backbone" compound, such as 1: 8 to 1: 4, that is, in the relevant insulation, the hydrocarbon-based compounds in terms of volume 4 to 8 times more than the partially discharge-resistant resin components, which preferably at least partially have a silicon-based backbone. The shares mentioned here last relate to the stoichiometry, ie are mole percentages.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the siloxane and / or silazane-containing component or com ponent based on silica is therefore present in an amount of 10 to 50 mol% in the resin mixture and / or resin-hardener mixture of the formulation. Particularly preferred is when the amount of siloxane-containing component in the base resin is no longer is 20 mol%, in particular not more than 18 mol% and FITS preferably not more than 15 mol%.

One could see an optimum of the reduced erosion volume with a substitution of the conventional resin component of 20-30%. However, as the substitution progresses, the mechanical properties, clearly visible at the glass transition temperatures and / or at the storage moduli, of the

As plastic becomes worse, it is expedient to substitute as little - [- CH ₂ -] _n - backbone as possible. At approx.

20% substitution, the glass transition temperatures and storage moduli of the resulting resin system are almost identical to those of the conventional, all - [-CH ₂ -] _n ^_ backbone-containing resin.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the partial discharge resistance of the insulating substance is virtually erratic due to the presence of a known amount of - [SiR ₂ -O-] _n - and / or a - [-S 1 NR 3] _n - bil Denden monomers or oligomers in the base resin elevated.

By spraying the insulation, in particular the Hauptisola tion, layers with at least partially different Formu lierungen can be achieved, for example, that a layer is sprayed with a particularly semi-discharge resistant formulation and the adjacent layers of a formulation that shows good mechanical properties, so it is achieved that the sprayed insulation comprising several different layers is neither too brittle nor too elastic.

For example, depending on the formulation and properties of the sprayed and cured formulation, a layer of a very partially discharge-resistant formulation may be combined only very thinly with adjacent layers of less partially-discharge-resistant, but more elastic formulations. For example, two different formulations can be sprayed to form alternating layers in the insulation.

To improve, for example, a powder coating spraying is provided, for example, that a thicker layer - for example in the range of lOOym, preferably 150ym up to about 300ym - from a mechanically stable formulation with a thinner, smaller lOOym, preferably smaller than 70ym, completely preferably a layer with a layer thickness in the Nanome terbereich, for example, a siloxane and / or

Silazane-containing formulation are sprayed on. Thus, for example, an electrostatic powder coating atomization adheres to an insulating layer, can be provided as "interface" so as a boundary layer between two layers, a thinnest, lying in the atomic region, so only a few atomic layers thick, metalli cal layer, the charge on an electrostatic charge For the deposition of another layer in the powder paint spraying process, such an interface layer can be produced by sputtering or CVD, chemical vapor deposition or the like.

FIG. 1 shows a possible sequence of layers of an insulation produced according to an embodiment of the invention in which complete layers are applied in layers, the so-called "onion insulation" around a conductor.

Figure 2 shows, in contrast, the possible sequence of layers egg ner other embodiment according to the invention, in which not every layer is completely sprayed around the head around and applied, but in cross-section, so-called tes shed isolation image results.

Figure 1 shows from top to bottom, the thin layer 1 (green ge distinguished) a layer of partially discharge resistant resin, such as a - [SiR ₂ -0-] _n - and / or a - [- S1-NR ₃ -] _n - Backbone forming polymer. This thin layer 1 can be a Layer thickness in the nanometer range or a few microns ha ben.

This is followed by a thicker layer 2 of a mechanically stabi lem resin, such as a carbon-based resin, so for example, an epoxy resin, which can be considerably thicker, so possibly up to 200m or in extreme cases up to 300ym thick. This thicker layer forms for example the mechanically bearing layer of insulation.

At the bottom in FIG. 1, the conductor 3, for example a copper rod 3, can still be seen.

In the "onion design" of the insulation layers 1 and 2 around the conductor 3 shown in Figure 1, it is possible to prevent the treeing channels or erosion paths which form around the conductor in the radial direction, through the insulation by means of installation of a - as shown schematically GE here - completely closed layer 1 aus teilentladungsre-resistant material to interrupt.

As an alternative or in addition to the layer sequence shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows the so-called flake structure of the insulation. As a shovel design is called thereby that ei ne lacquer layer is not as a completely covering layer on the un direct position, but as a scale, so only a Teilbe rich a lacquer layer of other parts or scales of the situation separated by the mechanically bearing lacquer layer, at the same distance of the equipotential equipotential. Since lying in the insulation - for example, on an equipotential line - both a mechanically bearing and a partially discharge resistant paint before, so that in cross-section in a bedding matrix 2 of mechanically tra ing resin with little or no contribution to teilentla tion resistant, silica -, silazane and / or

Siloxane-based, "- [SiR ₂ -0-] _n - and / or a - [-Si-NR ₃ -] _n - backbone" - forming paint formulation, but but with a high proportion or entirely of carbon-based resin formed resin, "scale-like" distributed, parts 1 are made of partially discharge resistant paint.

Again, the treeing channel and / or Erosi onsweg through the insulation through installation of the partially charge-resistant paint scales 1 is prevented.

For the preparation of the shed design, the general specialist knowledge of a specialist for paint spraying used who the.

For example, the different layers are not sprayed on the entire surface at the end of the scale, but in the way that the partially-discharge-resistant layer is not sprayed over the entire surface. The type of interruptions is arbitrary. For example, a helix structure is conceivable in which sprayed beyond the rod length of the conductor 3 and this but it rotates about its own axis. Or also that a slotted template is applied in front of the conductor 3, is sprayed through it. This would create large scale scale structures, depending on the template recesses.

The background of the non-full-area application of the partial release-resistant layer is to create a so-called continuous phase which arises from the mechanically bearing layer. Due to the fact that the individual layers that are mechanically traceable touch each other in the radial direction, that is transversely to the upper surface of the conductor 3, this ensures that the mechanical properties of this layer also dominate in the radial direction. This application of the layers, ie the design of the shed, is similar to the conventional winding tape insulation. In this case, namely the mica platelets of the partially discharge-resistant layer, which is applied in the form of dandruff. The impregnating resin is then, as it were, the mechanically bearing resin layer which forms a bedding matrix for the flakes. However, the partial discharge resistant flakes of the sprayed insulation have over the Mica platelets have the obvious advantage that they can be adapted variably in geometry to the respective local conditions freely and automatable.

But there are now different ways to spray the teilentla tion resistant paint and / or the mechanically bearing paint on. The two paints can be applied in the same or with different techniques.

Basically, there is on the one hand the spray paint as a powder, wherein a solid mixture is sprayed and the second the spray as a liquid, which is sprayed either with or without solvent. When sprayed as a powder coating, the resin mixture, the resin-hardener mixture and / or the resin-hardener-accelerator mixture are present as solid at room temperature and / or under normal pressure. When hitting the substrate, so on the sub-conductor of the coil, the material is either thermally melted and / or discharged electrostatically.

For this type of application is a higher molecular weight, so for example, a chain-extended, siloxane-containing compo nent, which is solid at room temperature, makes sense. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible, for example, to use homopolymerizing, siloxane-containing epoxides which do not require any additional hardeners. If, however, a hardener is to be added, then it is advantageous if the hardener or the hardener-resin mixture is solid at room temperature and / or normal pressure.

These formulations, which are solid at room temperature and can be sprayed as powder coating, can then be applied, for example, by means of fluidized-bed spraying and / or electrostatic spraying.

As a hardener following maldruck at room temperature and / or solid

a) di- or trianhydrides, 3, 3 ', 4, 4' benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, "BTDA",

CAS-No. 2421-28-5;

Pyromellitic dianhydride, "PMDA" CAS No. 89-32-7;

- 3, 3 ', 4, 4' -biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride "s-BPDA" CAS No. 2420-87-3;

2,2'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride "6-FDA" CAS No. 1107-00-2;

4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride "ODPA" CAS No. 1823-59-2;

- 3, 3 ', 4, 4 diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride "DSDA" CAS No. 2540-99-0;

4,4'-bisphenol-A-dianhydride "BPADA" or "ULTEM ™" Dianhy dride CAS-No. 38103-06-9;

Hydroquinone diphthalic anhydride "HQDEA" CAS No. 17828-53-4;

Hexahydrophthalic anhydride "HHPA" CAS No. 85-42-7;

- tetrahydrophthalic anhydrides isomers of THPA, CAS no.

2426-02-0 and CAS no. 935-79-5;

- Cyclopentenl, 2-dicarboxylic anhydride CAS-No. 3205-94-5;

cis / trans isomers of 1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic anhydride, e.g. Eg CAS no. 35878-28-5. b) di- or higher-functional amines and their derivatives

for example :

- 2, 2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane "BAPP" CAS No. 13080-86-9;

4, 4 '-methylenedianiline "MDA" CAS No. 101-779;

4, 4 '- [1, 3-phenylenebis (1-methyl-ethylidene)] bisaniline "bisaniline M" CAS No. 2687-27-6;

- 4, 4 '- [1, 4-phenylenebis (1-methyl-ethylidene) bisaniline

"Bisaniline P" CAS No. 2716-10-1)

4,4'-oxydianiline "4,4'-ODA" CAS No. 101-80-4;

3,4'-oxydianiline "3, 4 '-ODA" CAS No. 2657-87-6;

2, 2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl "m-tolidine" CAS-No.

84-67-3;

- 3, 3 '-dimethyl-4, 4' diaminobiphenyl "o-tolidine" CAS no.

119-93-7;

3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl "HAB" CAS No. 2373-98-0; 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone "3,3'-DDS" CAS No. 599-61-1;

4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone "4,4'-DDS" CAS No. 80-08-0;

- 2, 2 '- bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone "BAPS" CAS no.

13080-89-2;

2,2'-bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) benzene] "m-BAPS" CAS-No.

30203-11-3;

1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene "TPE-Q" CAS No. 3491-12-1;

1, 3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene "TPE-R" CAS No. 2479-46-1;

1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene "APB-133" CAS No. 10526-

07-5;

4,4'-bis (4-aminophenoxy) biphenyl "BAPB" CAS No. 13080-85

8th;

4,4'-diaminobenzanilide "DABA" CAS No. 785-30-8;

9,9 'bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene "FDA" CAS No. 15499-84-0;

O-tolidine sulfone "TSN" CAS No. 71226-58-9;

Methylenebis (anthranilic acid) "MBAA" CAS No. 7330-46-3;

1, 3 'bis (4-aminophenoxy) -2.2-dimethylpropane "DANPG" CAS

No. 115570-52-0 and their derivatives are used.

In addition, high melting isocyanates, esterimides, etherimides, ester amides can be used.

The advantage of solid anhydride and in particular

Amine derivatives as a curing agent is that by previous, in particular unique, melting with a solid at room tempera ture and / or normal pressure and / or normal conditions solid epoxy resin and / or Siloxanepoxidharz a homogeneously solid de melt is present. A solidified melt obtained in this way can be powdered again immediately or after storage, is stoichiometrically easy to mix and best possible ver preserved. During spraying and when striking the hot metal surface, the powder produced, for example, from the solidified melt melts again and begins to crosslink immediately. In particular, the aforementioned amine derivatives then no longer require long-lasting oven curing periods, but only short-segment post-curing phases at significantly lower temperatures.

Alternatively or in addition to the spray as a powder coating can also be a liquid paint, so the resin-hardener system in liq siger form or dissolved in a solvent sprayed who the. This spraying can be carried out using compressed air or without compressed air.

The obvious advantage of spraying with solvent is that the viscosity of the resin-hardener mixture increases significantly as the solvent evaporates. This means that when the resin-hardener mixture has been sprayed onto a hot metal surface, its viscosity increases so much that it can no longer run.

On the other hand, the spraying of solvent-containing mixtures requires waiting times between two successive applications, so that it can be ruled out that there is still solvent in a lower layer. This in particular because solvents in a lower

Layer during curing at elevated temperature would lead to pore formation in which then electrical discharges are to be feared during operation.

When spraying without solvent no waiting time would be needed and it could relatively quickly several layers übereinan be sprayed until the desired insulation thickness is it enough. Without a solvent is also no niedermolekula rer component when heating the insulation system ausga sen, creating a pore-free insulation system can be produced. So that nevertheless an increase in the viscosity of the sprayed th resin hardener system results after spraying, it is proposed, by UV and / or IR curing, the resin hardener system with the spray, when hitting the surface to be coated on gel. Basically you can especially filler-free layers are sprayed without solvent, whereby the formation of pores can be avoided.

Whether with or without a solvent, the sprayed-on lacquer is finally subjected to a post-curing, which can take place thermally and / or by irradiation, under the conditions of completion.

A sprayed layer of the insulation system has a thickness in the nanometer range up to a few microns and / or from 50ym to 300ym, preferably 50 to 130 ym and most preferably from 70 to 120 ym.

In electric rotating machines, as they are in the focus of the present invention, insulation thickness Be in the range of 700ym up to about 6mm insulation thickness required, so that the sprayed insulation systems are always applied in multiple layers.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention is in the sprayable formulation at least one poly merisierbare component comprising a resin-hardener system, and one or more fillers.

As the polymerizable component is a mixture of at least one of a - [SiR ₂ ^_ 0-] _n - and / or - [-S1-NR3] _n - halti saturated backbone and a - [-CH 2] _n ^_ containing Understood backbone ent holding compound.

In particular, the polymerisable component is selected from thermosets and / or thermoplastics.

In particular, dimethylformamide, 2-butanone, acetone and / or 1-butanol may be present as the solvent in the sprayable liquid formulation.

The use of fine-grained mica as a filler results in the advantage that the resulting Particles have a relatively low abrasiveness and therefore they can be simply sprayed in the form of a particle-paint suspension by means of a nozzle on a conductor to obtain an insulation system.

A sprayed formulation, either as a powder coating or as a liquid formulation with or without solvents, in particular for the production of the main insulation, allows a partially or fully automated production of Isolationsssys system also individually adapted to the respective machine th insulation systems.

Furthermore, the spray technology allows an increase in the power density of electrically rotating machines, assuming that the sprayed insulation system has the same electrical life, such as a conventional insulation system with corona protection band tape adhesive Bandeb schleuniger, possibly applied by hand Umwicke treatment, then resin impregnation, optionally in vacuo and final resin cure.

The reason for this lies in the resulting insulation geometry, which inevitably arises when a tape is wrapped around a square profile of a conductor.

Figures 3 and 4 show

Figure 3 shows the state of the art with mica tape insulation wound around the conductor and

Figure 4 shows the spray insulation applied as a sprayable formulation.

Figure 3 shows the state of the art, which was traditionally set wound insulation system 11 to the square profile of the conductor 13, for example, a copper conductor, package 12 in sheet metal. Here is shown in detail, as at the edges 14, the winding thickness 15 is less than the winding 15 'on the flat side. This is a simple consequence of the winding 15 which simply rests more closely against the edges 14 than at the edges flat sides 16. For example, a winding thickness 15 of 2.2 mm is measured at the edge 14, whereas on the flat side 16, a winding thickness 15 of 2.7 mm can be measured.

Now, of course, the electric field strength at Krüm rules and especially at edges 14 always significantly higher than on flat components or areas, such as the flat side 16. It has been shown that in 95% of all electrical breakdowns of an insulation system, especially at elevated th Stress, the insulation at the bar radius, ie in the ge shown here example at the edge 14, durchschlägt. This means that it would be useful for an insulation system to be designed so that it has the insulation thickness at the edge 14 which corresponds to the expected service life. In the prior art shown here, this clearly implies that the others, especially the flat areas, must be much thicker than electrically required. This results in unnecessary material costs, component volumes, unnecessary obstruction of the thermal heat dissipation, reduction of power density and overall deterioration of the machine.

Figure 3 shows in contrast to the sprayed insulation system according to an embodiment of the invention. To know he is again the square profile 13 of the head of all recently no longer the wound, but sprayed in accordance with the inven tion insulation system 11 in the laminated core 12th

By the special technique of spraying, it is possible, as shown in Figure 4, to increase the insulation thicknesses 15 at the edges 14 and for example to save material on the fla chen pages 16. Thus, for example, at the edges 14 insulation thicknesses of 2.4 mm can be easily realized by spraying Ver, wherein at the same time on the flat sides 16, the insulation thickness 15 'according to the lower elec tronic breakdown probability reduced, for example, reduced to 2.2mm. By reducing the insulation thickness 15 'on the flat sides 16, however, it is possible to increase the thickness 18 of the conductor 13 and thus the current of the conductor 13 significantly, by more than 8% in the example shown, by 8.3%. In a total thickness 17 of the sprayed or provided with her winding insulation system 11 insulated conductor 13 in the sheet metal package 12 of 17.4 mm, for example, according to the prior art, so Figure 3, the conductor 13 has a maximum width 18 of 12 mm In contrast, according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, it can have up to one mm more width, that is to say a width 18 of 13 mm. Of course, such an enlarged conductor 13 can also transport other quantities of electricity. By virtue of the sprayable insulation, in particular also

Hauptisolation can therefore be quite significant performance increases of electric rotating machines produce.

The comparison of the wound and sprayed insulation shows correspondingly a significant performance optimization by the sprayable insulation in an electric rotating machine Ma.

The invention discloses for the first time a sprayable formulation for producing a multilayer insulation for an electric machine, in particular a rotating electrical machine of the high voltage or medium voltage range such as a generator, transformer, the higher rated voltages at operating voltages, that is, for example, from 1 kV or more are exposed. Moreover, the invention relates to an electrical machine comprising such insulation, finally, the invention relates to a method for producing the multilayer insulation. This comprises spraying various formulations with or without intervening, in particular metallic, interfaces and can be automated.

Claims

claims

1. Isolation of a conductor of an electrical rotating Ma chine, the insulation two or more layers, which can be produced by sprayable paint formulations comprises, wherein at least form a mechanically bearing paint layer with a partially discharge resistant paint layer adjacent layers of insulation.

2. The insulation of claim 1, wherein at least one teilentla tion resistant paint layer on a sprayable paint formulation, a resin mixture or a resin-hardener mixture, a monomeric and / or oligomeric resin component

Silica, siloxane, silazane, vinyl, silane / vinyl, silane / acrylate, and / or silane / methacrylate and / or other coating formulations comprising high inorganic and / or mineral content is.

3. Isolation according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one mechanically-bearing paint layer of a

sprayable paint formulation comprising a resin mixture or a resin-hardener mixture of a carbon-based compound is.

4. Insulation according to one of the preceding claims, the meh rere alternately applied partially discharge resistant and mechanically bearing lacquer layers comprises.

5. Isolation according to one of the preceding claims, which is adjustable by spraying a paint formulation as a powder coating ago.

6. Isolation according to one of the preceding claims, which is producible by spraying a liquid paint formulation with Lö solvent.

7. Isolation according to one of the preceding claims, which is producible by spraying a liquid paint formulation without Lö solvent.

8. Insulation according to one of the preceding claims, which comprises at least partially alternating full-surface lacquer layers in the radial direction around the conductor.

9. insulation according to claim 8, which comprises at least a thinnest layer as an interface for forming a paint layer in electrostatic powder coating powder spraying process.

10. The insulation according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the thinnest layer as an interface comprises one or more atomic layers of metal.

11. Insulation according to one of the preceding claims, the egg NEN continuous layer structure of a mechanically wear the layer with intervening, distributed in the scissor design th, as a perforated layer of paint present, partially discharge resistant lacquer layers comprises.

12. Isolation according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, which can be produced in an automatable process.

13. Electrical machine, an insulation according to any one of claims to 1 to 12 as internal potential control, main insulation, Außenglimmschutz and / or Endenglimmschutz comprising.

14. A process for the preparation of an insulation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which can be prepared by spraying various lacquer formulations on a conductor.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the conductor is moved during the spraying.

16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, wherein at least one coating formulation is at least partially sprayed through a template on the head.