EP3728166A1 - Aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1h-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia - Google Patents

Aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1h-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia

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Publication number
EP3728166A1
EP3728166A1 EP18815711.9A EP18815711A EP3728166A1 EP 3728166 A1 EP3728166 A1 EP 3728166A1 EP 18815711 A EP18815711 A EP 18815711A EP 3728166 A1 EP3728166 A1 EP 3728166A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrazole
dimethyl
weight
succinic acid
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18815711.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Saelinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3728166A1 publication Critical patent/EP3728166A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C05C3/005Post-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C05C9/005Post-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • Aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia Description
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous composition
  • an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole- 1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia.
  • Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and reproduction. About 25% of the plant- available nitrogen in soils (ammonium and nitrate) originates from decomposition processes (mineralization) of organic nitrogen compounds such as humus, plant and animal residues and organic fertilizers. Approximately 5% derive from rainfall. On a global basis, the biggest part (70%), however, are supplied to the plant by inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Without the use of ni- trogen fertilizers, the earth would not be able to support its current population.
  • Soil microorganisms convert organic nitrogen to ammonium (NH 4 + ) which is subsequently oxi- dized to nitrate (NO 3 ) in a process known as nitrification.
  • nitrate is highly mobile in the soil and may be readily lost from soils by leaching to ground water. Nitrogen is further lost by microbiological denitrification to gaseous forms of nitrogen. As a result of the various losses, approximately 50% of the applied nitrogen is lost during the year following fertilizer addition (cf. Nelson and Huber; Nitrification inhibitors for corn production (2001 ), Na- tional Corn Handbook, Iowa State University).
  • Nitrification inhibitors such as pyrazole compounds can be used in order to reduce nitrification and consequently increase fertilization efficacy and decrease nitrogen levels in the groundwater and surface waters and nitrogen oxide levels in the atmosphere.
  • a problem associated with the use of pyrazole compounds is their volatility, which results in losses of the nitrification inhibitor during storage.
  • pyrazole derivatives with hydrophilic groups have been described in the prior art.
  • WO 96/24566 describes methods of producing low-volatile pyrazole derivatives with hydro- philic groups such as 2-(3-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid to be used as nitrification in- hibitors.
  • WO 2011/032904 and WO 2013/121384 describe 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid as nitrification inhibitor.
  • WO 2015/086823 relates inter alia to a formulation of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) suc- cinic acid, which is an aqueous solution comprising from 20 to 40 % by weight of 2-(3,4-dime- thyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, wherein said solution has a pH value of more than 7.
  • the formulations of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid described in the prior art have disadvantages.
  • the alkaline pH value may be disadvantageous for alkaline-sensitive fertilizers, such as ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fertilizers, with which the nitrification inhibitor may be applied in combination. Due to the alkaline pH value, ammonium will be converted to ammonia resulting in a loss of nitrogen in the soil.
  • the water input on the fertilizers which can have a negative impact on the physical-chemical properties of the fertilizers, can be reduced by applying highly concentrated 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an aqueous composition corn- prising 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid and ammonia.
  • Ammonia may be used in an amount such that the composition has a pH of 7 or lower.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid is at least partly present in the form of a hydrogen succinate and/or succinate, which is advanta- geous for the solubility properties. Therefore, solutions of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid with high concentrations can be achieved.
  • the term“2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid” (also abbreviated as DMPSA) preferably refers to 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, or a combination thereof. It is to be understood that the 2-(dime- thyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid may be present in the compositions of the invention in deprotonated form, so that the corresponding hydrogen succinate (mono-anion) or succinate (di-anion) is formed.
  • hydroxamate in the context of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) hydrogen suc- cinate means that one of the two acidic groups of the succinic acid group of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-py- razole-1 -yl) succinic acid are deprotonated.
  • succinate in the context of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate means that both of the two acidic groups of the succinic acid group of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid are deprotonated.
  • the term“2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate” refers to 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole- 1 -yl) hydrogen succinate, 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate, or mixtures thereof.
  • mixtures of the acid, the hydrogen succinate and the succinate are present in the aqueous compositions of the present invention in a chemical equilibrium.
  • 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the isomer mixture as defined above.
  • the possible isomers only differ in terms of the position of the methyl groups at the pyrazole group.
  • aqueous composition refers to a composition comprising water as solvent.
  • the aqueous composition according to the invention does not comprise any additional solvent in significant amounts.
  • the composition corn- prises less than 30 % by weight, preferably less than 25 % by weight, more preferably less than 20 % by weight, even more preferably less than 15 % by weight, yet more preferably less than 10 % by weight, most preferably less than 5 % by weight of additional solvents.
  • the composition comprises less than 3 % by weight, more preferably less than 1 % by weight, even more preferably less than 0.1 % by weight of organic solvents.
  • the composition is free of organic solvents.
  • At least 70 % weight, more preferably at least 80 % weight, even more preferably at least 90 % by weight, most preferably at least 95 % by weight, especially preferably at least 99 % by weight, particularly preferably at least 99.9 % by weight is water.
  • the term“solution” in the context of the aqueous composition according to the invention refers to an aqueous composition, wherein the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is dissolved.
  • at least 90 % by weight, preferably at least 95 % by weight, more preferably at least 99 % by weight, most preferably at least 99.9 % by weight of the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydro- gen succinate and/or succinate is dissolved.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyra- zole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is completely dissolved.
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous composition
  • an aqueous composition comprising 2-(di- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid and ammonia.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid is at least partly present in the form of a hydrogen succinate and/or succinate.
  • the ammonia is at least partly present in the form of an am- monium cation.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid and the ammo- nia are present in an acid-base equilibrium in the composition of the invention.
  • one or two protons of the succinic acid moiety of the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid may be transferred to one or two equivalents of ammonia, forming a hydrogen succinate or succinate anion, and one ammonium cation per hydrogen succinate, and two am- monium cations per succinate anion.
  • the present invention also relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dime- thyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) hydrogen succinate and/or 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate and ammonium cations.
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising ammonium 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) hydrogen succinate and/or diammonium 2- (dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate.
  • said compositions addition- ally contain 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid and ammonia, due to acid-base equilib rium in the aqueous composition.
  • an additional amount of ammonia may be pre- sent, if the composition is obtained by using an excess of ammonia in comparison to the acidic groups of the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid.
  • the aqueous composition of the invention corn- prises 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate and ammonia and/or ammonium cations. These components will preferably be present in an acid- base equilibrium.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in dissolved form.
  • the aqueous composition of the present invention is a solution.
  • at least 90 % by weight, preferably at least 95 % by weight, more preferably 99 % by weight, most preferably 99.9 % by weight of the total amount of 2-(dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is dissolved.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is completely dissolved.
  • the solubility of the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate may depend on the ratio of the two isomeric forms that are present in the aqueous composition.
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, the hydrogen succinate and/or the succinate thereof is present
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, the hydrogen succin- ate and/or the succinate thereof is present
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, the hydrogen succin- ate and/or the succinate thereof is present
  • the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, the hydrogen succinate and/or the succinate thereof is present in the above described isomer mixture.
  • the solubility of the isomer mixture may be higher.
  • the aqueous compositions of the present invention may be obtained by combining the 2-(di- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia in water.
  • the composition is obtained by using ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid is in the range of from 1 :1 to 10:1 , preferably from 2:1 to 6:1.
  • the pH value of the aqueous composition may be var- ied. Further details in this regard and regarding the amount of the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid in the aqueous composition are provided below.
  • the present invention relates to a process of preparing an aqueous composition for inhibiting nitrification comprising the step of
  • 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid is suspended in wa- ter, and then ammonia is added.
  • 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid is added to an aqueous solution of ammonia.
  • Suitable molar ratios of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid are in the range of from 1 :1 to 10:1 , preferably from 2:1 to 6:1. Further details in this regard and regarding the amount of the 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid in the aqueous composition are provided below.
  • the present invention relates to an aqueous composition obtainable by the process as defined above.
  • aqueous compositions of the invention as well as with regard to the process of the invention, the following preferences are relevant in terms of the amounts of ammonia and/or ammonium and 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate.
  • the total amount of 2- (dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to at least 10 % by weight, preferably at least 20 % by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composi- tion.
  • the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hy- drogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to from 10 to 70 % by weight, preferably from 20 to 60 % by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1- yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.
  • compositions Depending on the pH value of the compositions, various concentrations of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-py- razole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate can be realized, in order to pro- vide compatibility with alkaline sensitive fertilizers and/or to further improve transportation logis tics.
  • the pH value of the composition in water is 7 or lower, preferably in the range of from 4 to 6.9.
  • the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corre- sponding to from 10 to 40 % by weight, preferably from 20 to 35 % by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to from 15 to 30 % by weight, preferably from 15 to 20 or from 20 to 25 % by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1- yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the term“2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate” is referred to as“DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof”, and “2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid” is referred to as“DMPSA”.
  • All these preferred em- bodiments are optionally also preferred in combination with the above mentioned pH value of the composition of 7 or lower, preferably from 4 to 6.9.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 10 to 15 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 15 to 20 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 16 to 21 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 17 to 22 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 18 to 23 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 19 to 24 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 20 to 25 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 21 to 26 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 22 to 27 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 23 to 28 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 24 to 29 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 25 to 30 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 26 to 31 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 27 to 32 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition. In another preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 28 to 33 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 29 to 34 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 30 to 35 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 31 to 36 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 32 to 37 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 33 to 38 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 34 to 39 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 35 to 40 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • these DMPSA concentrations are preferably obtained at a pH value of the composition of 7 or lower, preferably in the range of from 4 to 6.9. More preferably, the pH value is from 4.5 to 6.5, in particular from 4.8 to 6.2.
  • the pH value can be adjusted by the amount of ammonia in the composition as explained further below.
  • compositions with the parameters according to table A are preferred according to the present invention.
  • the composition is obtained by using the ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyra- zole-1 -yl) succinic acid is in the range of from 1 :1 to 2.5:1 , preferably from 1.8:1 to 2.5:1.
  • such ratios preferably establish an acidic pH value as defined above. It is to be under- stood that the ratios refer to the components before any acid-base reaction has taken place.
  • the molar ratios refer to the total amount of ammonia and ammonium relative to the total amount of 2-(dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) hydrogen succinate, and 2-(dime- thyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate.
  • compositions with the parameters according to table B are preferred according to the present invention.
  • the pH value of the composition in water is greater than 7, preferably in the range of from 8 to 12.
  • the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corre- sponding to from more than 40 to 70 % by weight, preferably from more than 40 to 60 % by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composi- tion.
  • the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to from more than 40 to 58 % by weight, preferably from more than 40 to 50 or from 50 to 58 % by weight of 2-(di- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the term“2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and/or succinate” is referred to as“DMPSA and/or derivatives” thereof, and “2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid” is referred to as“DMPSA”. All these preferred em- bodiments are optionally also preferred in combination with the above mentioned pH value of the composition of greater than 7, preferably from 8 to 12.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from more than 40 to 45 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 41 to 46 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 42 to 47 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 43 to 48 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition. In one preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 44 to 49 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 50 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 46 to 51 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 47 to 52 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 48 to 53 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 49 to 54 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 50 to 55 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 51 to 56 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 52 to 57 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 53 to 58 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 54 to 59 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 55 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 56 to 61 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 57 to 62 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition. In another preferred embodiment, the total amount of DM PSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 58 to 63 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 59 to 64 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 60 to 65 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 61 to 66 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 62 to 67 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 63 to 68 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 64 to 69 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 65 to 70 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from more than 40 to 43 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 41 to 44 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 42 to 45 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 43 to 46 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 44 to 47 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 48 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition. In another preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 46 to 49 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 47 to 50 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 48 to 51 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 49 to 52 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 50 to 53 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 51 to 54 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 52 to 55 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 53 to 56 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 54 to 57 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 55 to 58 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 56 to 59 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 57 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 58 to 61 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 59 to 62 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition. In another preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 60 to 63 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 61 to 64 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 62 to 65 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 40 to 65 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 42 to 63 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 40 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 40 to 55 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 40 to 50 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 65 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 45 to 55 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 50 to 65 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the total amount of DMPSA and/or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to from 50 to 60 % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition.
  • these DMPSA concentrations are preferably obtained at a pH value of the composition of greater than 7, preferably in the range of from 8 to 12. More preferably, the pH value is from 8.5 to 1 1.5, in particular from 9 to 1 1.
  • the pH value can be ad- justed by the amount of ammonia in the composition as explained further below.
  • compositions with the parameters according to table C are preferred according to the present invention.
  • the composition is obtained by using the ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyra- zole-1 -yl) succinic acid is in the range of from 2:1 to 10:1 , preferably from 2:1 to 5:1 .
  • such ratios preferably establish an acidic pH value as defined above. It is to be understood that the ratios refer to the components before any acid-base reaction has taken place.
  • the molar ratios refer to the total amount of ammonia and ammonium relative to the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyra- zole-1 -yl) succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) hydrogen succinate, and 2-(dimethyl-1 H- pyrazole-1 -yl) succinate.
  • compositions with the parameters according to table D are preferred according to the present invention.
  • aqueous compositions as defined above are particularly advantageous for transportation of the active ingredient 2-(dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid, which acts as a nitrification inhibitor.
  • the acidic formulations may further advantageously be used in combination with alka- line-sensitive fertilizers.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to methods of applying the aqueous compositions as defined herein to soil or soil substituents where plants are growing or are intended to grow.
  • the aqueous compositions may be applied in combination with at least one fertilizer or with a certain time lag, preferably a time lag of 1 day, 2, days, 3, days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks.
  • aqueous compositions with a pH of 7 or lower may preferably be applied in combination with alkaline-sensitive fertilizers, such as ammonium-containing fertilizers.
  • compositions with a pH of greater than 7 may preferably be applied in combina- tion with acid-sensitive fertilizers, such as carbonate-containing fertilizers.
  • the compositions of the invention are suitable as nitrification inhibitors. In one embodiment, the compositions of the invention are used as nitrification inhibitors.
  • compositions of the invention are applied or sprayed into and/or onto the soil, and are preferably applied together with at least one fertilizer, one ammonium-contain- ing fertilizer and/or one urea-containing fertilizer into and/or onto the soil in-furrow and/or as side-dress and/or as broadcast.
  • compositions of the invention can be used as nitrification inhibitor in combination with, and/or as additive and/or as coating material for a fertilizer, prefera- bly with/for an ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fertilizer, more preferably with/for an ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fertilizer selected from the group consisting of solid and liquid mineral fertilizers and organic fertilizers, most preferably with/for ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fertilizer selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, calcium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium thio sulfate, calcium cyanamide, NPK ferti- lizers, NK fertilizers, NP fertilizers, UAN (urea ammonium nitrate solution), manure, and/or
  • compositions of the invention can be used as nitrification inhibitor in combination with an ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fer- tilizer selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, am- monium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium thio sulfate, NPK fertilizers, NK fertilizers, NP fertilizers, UAN (urea ammonium nitrate solution), manure, and urea.
  • the fertilizers can be in crystalline, granulated, compacted, prilled or ground form, and is preferably in granulated form.
  • compositions of the invention can be applied to or on nitrogen-containing fertilizers by either mixing the compositions of the invention, in either liquid or solid form, with the fertilizers, or incorporating them into the fertilizers by granulation, compacting or prilling, by addition to a corresponding fertilizer mixture or to a mash or melt.
  • the compositions of the invention are applied to the surface of existing granules, compacts or prills of the nitrogen-containing fertilizer by means of spraying, powder application or impregnating, for example. This can also be done using further auxiliaries such as adhesive promoters or encasing materials.
  • compositions of the invention are used in the context of fertilization with ammonium-containing and/or urea-containing fertilizer. Application takes place preferably to an agriculturally or horticulturally exploited plot.
  • the fertilizers can be used together, processed, combined, treated, coated, and/or molten with the compositions of the present invention.
  • the compositions of the invention are applied to the plants preferably by spraying on the soil and/or the leaves.
  • the application can be carried out using, for exam- pie, water as carrier by customary spraying techniques using spray liquor amounts of from about 50 to 1000 l/ha (for example from 300 to 400 l/ha).
  • the compositions of the invention may also be applied by the low-volume or the ultra-low-volume method, or in the form of microgran- ules.
  • the compositions of the present invention can be applied pre- or post-emergence or to- gether with the seed of a crop plant. It is also possible to apply the compositions of the invention by applying seed, pretreated with a composition of the invention, of a crop plant.
  • compositions of the invention can be applied by treating seed.
  • the treatment of seed comprises essentially all procedures familiar to the person skilled in the art (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping and seed pelleting) based on the compositions of the present invention as well as its compounds.
  • seed dressing seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping and seed pelleting
  • the compositions of the present invention can be applied diluted or undiluted.
  • seed comprises seed of all types, such as, for example, corns, seeds, fruits, tubers, seedlings and similar forms.
  • seed describes corns and seeds.
  • the seed used can be seed of the useful plants mentioned above, but also the seed of transgenic plants or plants obtained by customary breeding methods.
  • fertilizers is to be understood as chemical compounds applied to promote plant and fruit growth. Fertilizers are typically applied either through the soil (for uptake by plant roots), through soil substituents (also for uptake by plant roots), or by foliar feeding (for uptake through leaves). The term also includes mixtures of one or more different types of fertilizers as men- tioned below.
  • fertilizers can be subdivided into several categories including: a) organic fertilizers (composed of plant/animal matter), b) inorganic fertilizers (composed of chemicals and miner- als) and c) urea-containing fertilizers.
  • Organic fertilizers include manure, e.g. liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, sta- ble manure or straw manure, slurry, liquid dungwater, sewage sludge, worm castings, peat, seaweed, compost, sewage, and guano. Green manure crops (cover crops) are also regularly grown to add nutrients (especially nitrogen) to the soil.
  • Manufactured organic fertilizers include e.g. compost, blood meal, bone meal and seaweed extracts. Further examples are enzyme di- gested proteins, fish meal, and feather meal. The decomposing crop residue from prior years is another source of fertility.
  • Inorganic fertilizers are usually manufactured through chemical processes (such as e.g. the Haber-Bosch process), also using naturally occurring deposits, while chemically altering them (e.g. concentrated triple superphosphate).
  • Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include Chil ean sodium nitrate, mine rock phosphate, limestone, sulfate of potash, muriate of potash, and raw potash fertilizers.
  • Typical solid fertilizers are in a crystalline, prilled or granulated form.
  • Typical nitrogen contain- ing inorganic fertilizers are ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, calcium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phos- phate, ammonium thio sulfate and calcium cyanamide.
  • the inorganic fertilizer may be an NPK fertilizer.
  • NPK fertilizers are inorganic fertilizers for- mulated in appropriate concentrations and combinations comprising the three main nutrients ni- trogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) as well as typically S, Mg, Ca, and trace ele- ments.
  • NK fertilizers comprise the two main nutrients nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) as well as typically S, Mg, Ca, and trace elements.
  • NP fertilizers comprise the two main nutrients ni- trogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as well as typically S, Mg, Ca, and trace elements.
  • Urea-containing fertilizer may, in specific embodiments, be formaldehyde urea, UAN, urea sul- fur, stabilized urea, urea based NPK-fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate. Also envisaged is the use of urea as fertilizer. In case urea-containing fertilizers or urea are used or provided, it is particularly preferred that urease inhibitors as defined herein above may be added or addition- ally be present, or be used at the same time or in connection with the urea-containing fertilizers.
  • Fertilizers may be provided in any suitable form, e.g. as coated or uncoated granules, in liquid or semi-liquid form, as sprayable fertilizer, or via fertigation etc.
  • Coated fertilizers may be provided with a wide range of materials. Coatings may, for example, be applied to granular or prilled nitrogen (N) fertilizer or to multi-nutrient fertilizers. Typically, urea is used as base material for most coated fertilizers. The present invention, however, also envisages the use of other base materials for coated fertilizers, any one of the fertilizer materi- als defined herein.
  • elemental sulfur may be used as fertilizer coating. The coating may be performed by spraying molten S over urea granules, followed by an appli cation of sealant wax to close fissures in the coating.
  • the S layer may be covered with a layer of organic polymers, preferably a thin layer of organic polymers.
  • the coated fertilizers are preferably physical mixtures of coated and non- coated fertilizers.
  • coated fertilizers may be provided by reacting resin-based polymers on the surface of the fertilizer granule.
  • a further example of providing coated fertilizers includes the use of low permeability polyethylene polymers in combination with high permeability coatings.
  • the composition and/or thickness of the fertilizer coating may be ad- justed to control, for example, the nutrient release rate for specific applications.
  • the duration of nutrient release from specific fertilizers may vary, e.g. from several weeks to many months.
  • Coated fertilizers may be provided as controlled release fertilizers (CRFs).
  • CRFs controlled release fertilizers
  • these controlled release fertilizers are fully coated N-P-K fertilizers, which are homogene- ous and which typically show a pre-defined longevity of release.
  • the CRFs may be provided as blended controlled release fertilizer products which may contain coated, uncoated and/or slow release components.
  • these coated ferti lizers may additionally comprise micronutrients.
  • these fertilizers may show a pre-defined longevity, e.g. in case of N-P-K fertilizers.
  • CRFs include patterned release fertilizers. These fertilizers typically show a pre-defined release patterns (e.g. hi/standard/lo) and a pre-defined longevity.
  • fully coated N-P-K, Mg and micronutrients may be delivered in a pat- terned release manner.
  • the fertilizer mixture may be provided as, or may comprise or contain a slow release fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer may, for example, be released over any suitable period of time, e.g. over a period of 1 to 5 months, preferably up to 3 months.
  • Typical examples of ingre- Trs of slow release fertilizers are IBDU (isobutylidenediurea), e.g. containing about 31-32 % nitrogen, of which 90% is water insoluble; or UF, i.e.
  • an urea-formaldehyde product which con- tains about 38 % nitrogen of which about 70 % may be provided as water insoluble nitrogen; or CDU (crotonylidene diurea) containing about 32 % nitrogen; or MU (methylene urea) containing about 38 to 40% nitrogen, of which 25-60 % is typically cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MDU (methylene diurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25 % is cold water insolu- ble nitrogen; or MO (methylol urea) containing about 30% nitrogen, which may typically be used in solutions; or DMTU (diimethylene triurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25% is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or TMTU (tri methylene tetraurea), which may be provided as component of UF products; or TMPU (tri methylene pentaurea), which may also be provided as component of UF products; or UT (urea triazone solution) which typically contains about 28 % nitrogen
  • the fertilizer mixture may also be long-term nitrogen-bearing fertiliser containing a mixture of acetylene diurea and at least one other organic nitrogen-bearing fertiliser selected from methylene urea, isobutylidene diurea, crotonylidene diurea, substituted triazones, triuret or mixtures thereof.
  • Any of the above mentioned fertilizers or fertilizer forms may suitably be combined.
  • slow release fertilizers may be provided as coated fertilizers. They may also be com- bined with other fertilizers or fertilizer types.
  • the composi- tion of the present invention which may be adapted to the form and chemical nature of the ferti- lizer and accordingly be provided such that its release accompanies the release of the fertilizer, e.g. is released at the same time or with the same frequency.
  • fertilization refers to the application of fertilizers, optionally soil amendments, and optionally other water-soluble products together with water through an irriga tion system to a plant or to the locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow, or to a soil substituent as defined herein below.
  • liquid fertilizers or dissolved fertilizers may be provided via fertigation directly to a plant or a locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow.
  • compositions of the present invention may be provided via fertigation to plants or to a locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow. Fertilizers and the compositions of the present invention may be provided together, e.g.
  • fertilizers and the compositions of the present invention may be provided at different points in time.
  • the fertilizer may be fertigated first, followed by the composition of the present invention, or preferably, the composition of the present invention may be fertigated first, followed by the fertilizer.
  • the time intervals for these activities follow the herein above outlined time intervals for the application of fertilizers and the compositions of the present invention, for example in a time interval of from 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferred from 2 hours to 1 day.
  • the fertilizer may be applied first to the soil or to the plants, followed by the composition of the present invention, or preferably, the composition of the pre- sent invention may be applied first to the soil or to the plants, followed by the fertilizer.
  • the time intervals for these activities follow the herein above outlined time intervals for the application of fertilizers and the compositions of the present invention, for example in a time interval of from 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferred from 2 hours to 1 day.
  • a re- peated application of fertilizers and compositions of the present invention either together or in- termittently, e.g. every 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days or more.
  • the fertilizer is an ammonium-containing and/or urea- containing fertilizer.
  • the present invention also relates to an agrochemical mixture comprising at least one fertilizer and the composition of the present invention.
  • the agrochemical mixture according to the present invention may comprise one fertilizer as defined herein above and a composition of the present invention.
  • the agrochemical mixture according to the present invention may comprise at least one or more than one fertilizer as defined herein above, e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different fertiliz ers (including inorganic, organic and urea-containing fertilizers) and a composition of present invention.
  • an agrochemi- cal mixture may comprise further ingredients, compounds, active compounds or compositions or the like.
  • the agrochemical mixture may additionally comprise or composed with or on the basis of a carrier, e.g. an agrochemical carrier, preferably as defined herein.
  • the agrochemical mixture may further comprise at least one additional pesticidal compound.
  • the agrochemical mixture may additionally comprise at least one fur- ther compound selected from herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, biopesti- cides, urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors, and denitrification inhibitors.
  • the treatment may be carried out during all suitable growth stages of a plant as defined herein.
  • the treatment may be carried out during the BBCH prin ciple growth stages.
  • BBCH principal growth stage refers to the extended BBCH-scale which is a system for a uniform coding of phenologically similar growth stages of all mono- and dicotyledonous plant species in which the entire developmental cycle of the plants is subdivided into clearly rec- ognizable and distinguishable longer-lasting developmental phases.
  • the BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages.
  • the abbrevi- ation BBCH derives from the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Germany), the Bundessortenamt (Germany) and the chemical industry.
  • the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a composition of the present invention at a growth stage (GS) be- tween GS 00 and GS > BBCH 99 of the plant (e.g. when fertilizing in fall after harvesting apples) and preferably between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant.
  • GS growth stage
  • the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a composition of the present invention at a growth stage (GS) be- tween GS 00 to GS 45, preferably between GS 00 and GS 40 BBCH of the plant.
  • GS growth stage
  • the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification compris- ing treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is grow- ing or is intended to grow with a composition of the present invention at an early growth stage (GS), in particular a GS 00 to GS 05, or GS 00 to GS 10, or GS 00 to GS 15, or GS 00 to GS 20, or GS 00 to GS 25 or GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH of the plant.
  • GS early growth stage
  • the method for reducing nitrification comprises treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a composi- tion of the present invention during growth stages including GS 00.
  • a composition of the present inven- tion is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at a growth stage between GS 00 and GS 55 BBCH, or of the plant.
  • a composition of the present invention is ap- plied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at the growth stage between GS 00 and GS 47 BBCH of the plant.
  • a composition of the present invention is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is in- tended to grow before and at sowing, before emergence, and until harvest (GS 00 to GS 89 BBCH), or at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant.
  • a composition of the present invention is used for treat- ing the locus where the plant is intended to grow with a composition of the present invention be- fore planting the plant and/or before sowing the seeds of the plant.
  • compositions according to the invention can additionally be employed in a further number of crop plants for increasing yield, for increas- ing the productivity (e.g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), for improving plant health or for improving or regulating plant growth.
  • productivity e.g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content
  • suit- able crops are the following:
  • Preferred crops are Arachis hypogaea, Beta vulgaris spec altissima, Brassica napus var. na- pus, Brassica oleracea, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica), Cynodon dactylon, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, (Gossypium arboreum, Gossy- pium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium), Helianthus annuus, Hordeum vulgare, Juglans regia, Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus spec., Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum (N.rustica), Olea europaea, Oryza sativa , Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pistacia vera, Pi
  • Especially preferred crops are crops of cereals, corn, soybeans, rice, oilseed rape, cotton, potatoes, peanuts or permanent crops.
  • mixtures or compositions according to the invention can also be used in crops which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering in order to provide a new trait to a plant or to modify an already present trait.
  • crops as used herein includes also (crop) plants which have been modified by muta- genesis or genetic engineering in order to provide a new trait to a plant or to modify an already present trait.
  • Mutagenesis includes techniques of random mutagenesis using X-rays or mutagenic chemi- cals, but also techniques of targeted mutagenesis, in order to create mutations at a specific lo- cus of a plant genome.
  • Targeted mutagenesis techniques frequently use oligonucleotides or proteins like CRISPR/Cas, zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases to achieve the tar- geting effect.
  • Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA techniques to create modifications in a plant genome which under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutagenesis or natural recombination.
  • one or more genes are integrated into the ge- nome of a plant in order to add a trait or improve a trait. These integrated genes are also re- ferred to as transgenes in the art, while plant comprising such transgenes are referred to as transgenic plants.
  • the process of plant transformation usually produces several transformation events, wich differ in the genomic locus in which a transgene has been integrated. Plants corn- prising a specific transgene on a specific genomic locus are usually described as comprising a specific“event”, which is referred to by a specific event name. Traits which have been intro- prised in plants or hae been modified include in particular herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, increased yield and tolerance to abiotic conditions, like drought.
  • Increased yield has been created by increasing ear biomass using the transgene athb17, be- ing present in corn event MON87403, or by enhancing photosynthesis using the transgene bbx32, being present in the soybean event MON87712.
  • Crops comprising a modified oil content have been created by using the transgenes: gm-fad2- 1 , Pj.D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1 A and fatb1-A. Soybean events comprising at least one of these genes are: 260-05, MON87705 and MON87769.
  • Tolerance to abiotic conditions, in particular to tolerance to drought, has been created by using the transgene cspB, comprised by the corn event MON87460 and by using the transgene Hahb- 4, comprised by soybean event IND-00410-5.
  • Traits are frequently combined by combining genes in a transformation event or by combining different events during the breeding process.
  • Preferred combination of traits are herbicide toler- ance to different groups of herbicides, insect tolerance to different kind of insects, in particular tolerance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, herbicide tolerance with one or several types of insect resistance, herbicide tolerance with increased yield as well as a combination of herbi- cide tolerance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.
  • Plants comprising singular or stacked traits as well as the genes and events providing these traits are well known in the art.
  • detailed information as to the mutagenized or inte- grated genes and the respective events are available from websites of the organizations“Inter- national Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)”
  • compositions according to the invention on crops may result in effects which are specific to a crop comprising a certain gene or event. These effects might involve changes in growth behavior or changed resistance to biotic or abiotic stress factors. Such effects may in particular comprise enhanced yield, enhanced resistance or tolerance to insects, nematodes, fungal, bacterial, mycoplasma, viral or viroid pathogens as well as early vigour, early or delayed ripening, cold or heat tolerance as well as changed amino acid or fatty acid spectrum or content.
  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the nitrification-inhibiting effect, wherein the seeds, the plants or the soil are treated with a Nl effective amount of the composition of the invention.
  • Nl effective amount denotes an amount of the composition of the invention, which is sufficient for achieving nitrification-inhibiting effects as defined herein below. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. Again, the skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. weather, target species, locus, mode of applica- tion, soil type, the treated cultivated plant or material and the climatic conditions.
  • the nitrification-inhibiting effect is increased by at least 2%, more preferably by at least 4%, most preferably at least 7 %, particularly preferably at least 10 %, more particularly preferably by at least 15%, most particularly preferably by at least 20%, particularly more preferably by at least 25%, particularly most preferably by at least 30%, partic- ularly by at least 35%, especially more preferably by at least 40%, especially most preferably by at least 45%, especially by at least 50%, in particular preferably by at least 55%, in particular more preferably by at least 60%, in particular most preferably by at least 65%, in particular by at least 70%, for example by at least 75%.
  • the increase of the nitrification-inhibiting ef- fect may be for example 5 to 10 %, more preferably 10 to 20 %, most preferably 20 to 30%.
  • the nitrification-inhibiting effect can be measured according to the Example 2 as shown below.
  • Aqueous compositions according to the invention were prepared according to the following procedure.
  • the DMPSA active ingredient analysis (hereinafter referred to as“a.i. analysis DIN EN 17090”) has been done according to the method DIN EN 17090 (“Fertilizers - Determination of nitrifica- tion inhibitor DMPSA in fertilizers - Method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); German and English version prEN 17090:2017”).
  • 100 g soil is filled into 500 ml plastic bottles (e.g. soil sampled from the field) and is moistened to approx. 50% water holding capacity. 10 mg nitrogen in the form of ammoniumsulfate-N is added to the soil. Prior to soil mixing, the a.i. is added to reach a final concentration of 0.1 or 1 % a.i. of applied ammonium-N. Bottles are capped but loosely to allow air exchange. The bottles are then incubated at 20°C for up to 14 days. For analysis, 300 ml of a 1 % hGSC -solution is added to the bottle containing the soil and shaken for 2 hrs in a horizontal shaker at 150 rpm.
  • the a.i. analysis DIN EN 17090 was conducted for several samples according to the method as described above, and the results are provided in the following Table 2 (a.i. analysis).
  • the nitrifi- cation inhibition effect was measured according to the method as described above, and the re- sults are provided in the following Table 3 (nitrification inhibition effect).
  • Active ingredient is re- ferred to as“a.i.”.
  • 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is referred to as“DMPP”.

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EP18815711.9A 2017-12-22 2018-12-12 Aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1h-pyrazole-1-yl) succinic acid and ammonia Pending EP3728166A1 (en)

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MX2020006670A (es) 2020-08-31
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RU2020123422A (ru) 2022-01-24
CL2020001705A1 (es) 2020-09-21
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