EP3724469A1 - Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass - Google Patents
Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypassInfo
- Publication number
- EP3724469A1 EP3724469A1 EP18803449.0A EP18803449A EP3724469A1 EP 3724469 A1 EP3724469 A1 EP 3724469A1 EP 18803449 A EP18803449 A EP 18803449A EP 3724469 A1 EP3724469 A1 EP 3724469A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- scr
- temperature
- exhaust
- exhaust gas
- low
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/087—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits having valves upstream of silencing apparatus for by-passing at least part of exhaust directly to atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
- F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1404—Exhaust gas temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for selective catalytic reduction with a plurality of SCR catalysts capable of both reducing NO x in a wide temperature range and storing SO x . Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of an exhaust gas stream, in which the exhaust aftertreatment system according to the invention is used.
- SCR systems known in the art include SCR catalysts that effectively reduce nitrogen oxides NO x from exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines during normal to high temperature operation, for example, in temperature ranges between about 250 ° C and 450 ° C.
- SCR stands for "Selective Catalytic Reduction” (Selective Catalytic Reduction).
- the exhaust gas temperatures may fall to low temperature ranges between about 60 ° C and about 250 ° C. In these temperature ranges, conventional SCR catalysts do not succeed in effectively reducing NO x from exhaust gas flows.
- low-temperature SCR catalysts which can effectively reduce nitrogen oxides at low temperatures below a temperature threshold of 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., in some cases even at temperatures below 100 ° C.
- These low-temperature SCR catalysts are referred to below as TT-SCR.
- These are combinations of individual or mixed transition metals or transition metal oxides which are applied to oxides, mixed oxides or a combination of several oxides or mixed oxides.
- TT-SCR which contain manganese-containing mixed oxides or manganese or manganese oxide supported on metal oxides, show very high NO conversions even at low temperatures, in some cases even below 100 ° C.
- WO 2016/028290 A1 proposes to avoid the sulphurisation of the SCR catalyst ß by connecting a selective, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal-SO trap the.
- This SO ß trap can be combined with a second SCR catalyst in a suitable manner, for example by a layer or zone configuration.
- Ka is the capacity of the SO ß trap exhausted and can be replaced component or thermal self- renewal.
- WO 2016/018778 A1 discloses exhaust aftertreatment systems comprising a TT and an HT-SCR.
- the exhaust aftertreatment system also includes a bypass: at low temperatures, the exhaust gas is routed through the TT-SCR, at higher temperatures via the HT-SCR.
- the TT-SCR contains a mixture of catalytically active metals, which are preferably applied to a zeolite beta.
- the mixture of catalytically active metals contains at least one mixture selected from Cu and Ce, Mn and Ce, Mn and Fe, Cu and W and Ce and W and at least one alkali metal and / or a metal from the group of lanthanides.
- the disclosure does not contain any details of the exact configuration of the other exhaust gas purification components, ie the DOC, the HT-SCR and the DPF.
- DOC stands for “Diesel Oxidation Catalyst”
- DPF stands for “Diesel Particulate Filter”.
- this document contains no information on a possible impairment of the TT-SCR if the exhaust contains sulfur oxides SO x and these are passed over the TT-SCR.
- Low-temperature SCR catalysts are for example in Junhua Li Huazhen Chang, Lei Ma Jinming Hao and Ralph T. Yang: "Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over metal oxide and zeolite catalysts - A review", Catal Today 201 1, 175, 147-156.
- TT-SCR with a single metal oxide catalyst containing manganese oxides, composite metal oxide catalysts based on mixtures of MnO 2 and other metal oxides such as CeO 2 and Nb 2 Os, supported on metal oxides such as Al 2 C> 3 or Ti0 2 , MnO 2 -containing catalysts and Cu or Fe-containing zeolites compared.
- TT-SCR containing manganese oxides showed decreasing selectivity with respect to N 2 formation as the temperature of the exhaust gas increased.
- a major obstacle when using Mn0 2 -containing TT-SCR is their low resistance to H 2 0 and S0 2 . This poses a challenge for the application of manganese-containing SCR at low temperatures.
- SO x in the exhaust gas may lead to deactivation because of the occupancy of the active centers of the catalyst with manganese or ammonium sulfates.
- Fe- and Cu-containing zeolites are considerably more stable towards S0 2 and show good thermal stability, but at low temperatures have significantly lower NO x conversion rates than manganese-containing catalysts.
- Fe-containing zeolites in NO x conversion is lower than that of Cu zeolites.
- activity of Cu zeolites in comparison to NO x decreases significantly more in the presence of H 2 O. This is probably due to thermal degradation of the zeolite support and / or to the formation of copper aluminate by dealumination, the decrease in the number of active reaction centers by conversion of Cu 2+ into CuO, the redistribution of the reaction centers by the migration of Cu 2 + or explain a combination of these mechanisms.
- Fe-beta zeolites have a fairly good NO x conversion rate at low temperatures. On the other hand, they are particularly sensitive to hydrocarbon scavenging with incomplete combustion of the fuel in diesel engines.
- Manganese oxide-based TT-SCR catalysts have also been reported in Chang Liu, Jian-Wen Shi, Chen Gao, and Chunming Niu: Manganese oxide-based catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 : A review. Appl Catal A 2016, 522, 54-69.
- the investigated catalysts were divided into four categories: simple MnO x catalysts, manganese-based metal oxide mixtures, supported manganese-based metal oxide mixtures, and manganese-based monolithic catalysts. It was found that manganese-based metal oxide mixtures, for example Fe and Mn oxides, had the highest resistance to H2O and SO2. Nevertheless, these systems are still too vulnerable for practical use to operate without additional measures.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an SCR system containing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines in low (60 ° C to less than 250 ° C), medium (250 ° C to less than 450 ° C) and high temperature ranges ( 450 ° C to 700 ° C) effectively, high activity, selectivity and temperature stability points and is not poisoned by SO x in the exhaust stream.
- Another object of the present invention is a method of treating an exhaust gas stream comprising such an SCR system.
- the object of providing an SCR system which effectively reduces nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines in low, medium and high temperature ranges, has high activity, selectivity and thermal stability and is not poisoned by SO x in the exhaust gas flow, is achieved according to the invention by an exhaust aftertreatment system that can be coupled to an internal combustion engine so as to receive the exhaust flow
- a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction for medium to high temperature ranges (HT-SCR), wherein the average temperature range from 250 ° C to less than 450 ° C and the high temperature range temperatures from 450 ° C to 750 °, the is both designed
- a reductant delivery system located upstream of the HT-SCR
- TT SCR low temperature SCR
- a temperature sensor located immediately after the HT-SCR and measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas flow exiting this HT-SCR
- an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve configured to exhaust the exhaust flow in its entirety at the TT -SCR past, if this exhaust gas flow is a temperature greater than or equal to one
- the new SCR system and the process for treating an exhaust gas stream comprising the new SCR system are explained below.
- the invention comprises all listed embodiments both individually and in combination with each other.
- exhaust gas flow in the context of the present invention refers to an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine, independently of the burnt fuel.
- the internal combustion engines may be, for example, gasoline or lean-burn engines.
- lean-burn engines are diesel engines.
- diesel engines encompasses both light-duty diesel engines (LDD) and heavy-duty diesel engines (HDD).
- HT-SCR catalysts described below which contain Cu- or Fe-based zeolites as the catalytically active component, not only efficiently reduce nitrogen oxides in normal to high temperature ranges to nitrogen, but in low to medium temperature ranges It is also possible to quantitatively store sulfur oxides SO x and thus to effectively protect a downstream TT-SCR from SO x poisoning.
- the present invention takes advantage of this effect, in that the exhaust gas flow is basically first passed through the HT-SCR. It also stores SO x in low temperature ranges and thus removes this component from the exhaust gas flow. This prevents poisoning of the downstream TT-SCR by SOx.
- the temperature threshold is also a quantity that depends on the particular application and is determined by the end user. The person skilled in the art is familiar with the phenomenon described and can determine the temperature threshold without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the temperature threshold is at a temperature above 250 ° C or greater than or equal to the light off temperature of the HT-SCR.
- low temperature range are meant temperatures of 60 ° C to less than 250 ° C, under a “mean” temperatures of 250 ° C to less than 450 ° C, and at a “high” temperatures of 450 ° C to 700 ° C.
- a catalyst in the context of the present invention is understood to mean that a substance acts on a catalyst in such a way that it reduces or eliminates the effect of the catalyst.
- Period in this context means “a long period of time” persistent, persistent, long-lasting ". Accordingly, a “permanent poisoning of a catalyst” is an effect of a substance on a catalyst such that the effect of this catalyst is reduced or abolished over a long period of time, continuously, persistently, and this effect is not reversible.
- the SCR system according to the invention effectively reduces nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases of combustion engines in low, medium and high temperature ranges. "Effective” here means that the nitrogen oxides are effectively and effectively reduced. Furthermore, the SCR system according to the invention has a high activity, selectivity and temperature stability. As stated above, the SCR system according to the invention comprises an HT-SCR and a TT-SCR, ie two catalysts. It is known to the skilled person that the performance of a catalyst is judged by the extent to which it increases the speed of a chemical reaction (catalyst activity), its course (catalyst selectivity), and how long it lasts (catalyst life). The catalyst activity is thus a measure of how fast the catalyst converts starting materials into products.
- the starting materials are nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and reducing agents, and the products are nitrogen (N 2 ) and water.
- the catalyst selectivity describes the phenomenon that in one reaction, preferably one of several possible reaction products is formed.
- N 2 and N 2 O can be formed, with N 2 being desirable and N 2 O being undesirable. Therefore, SCR catalysts with high selectivity for the formation of N 2 are advantageous.
- a “temperature-stable” catalyst is heat-resistant even at relatively high temperatures.
- the resistance relates primarily to the structure of the catalytically active coating and the carrier substrate, both of which are explained in more detail below.
- “temperature stability” in the context of catalysts is also defined application-specific as the ability to perform a particular function.
- “temperature-stable” SCR systems are those arrangements which comprise an HT-SCR and a TT-SCR, the SCR systems being designed such that they correspond to said low, medium and high temperature ranges on the one hand heat-resistant and on the other hand reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. This is achieved by either directing the exhaust gas through the upstream HT-SCR or first through the HT-SCR and then through the downstream TT-SCR, depending on the temperature threshold and the current exhaust gas temperature.
- both the HT-SCR and the TT-SCR are advantageously present in the form of a catalytically active coating on a carrier substrate.
- Carrier substrates may be so-called flow-through substrates or wall-flow filters. Both may consist of inert materials, for example of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide, aluminum titanate or cordierite. Alternatively, it may be in the case of a flow substrate, the inert material is metal substrates.
- the carrier substrates of both SCR can consist of inert materials, or both consist of metal substrates, or one of the two SCR has a carrier substrate of an inert ceramic material and the other a carrier substrate of metal.
- the carrier substrates mentioned are known to the person skilled in the art and are available on the market.
- the carrier substrates can also be catalytically active themselves and contain catalytically active material, such as SCR-catalytically active material.
- HT-SCR catalysts Cu and / or Fe-containing zeolites are used.
- SCR-catalytically active materials for the TT-SCR are mixed oxide-based materials containing manganese compounds which are known to the person skilled in the art.
- these carrier substrates contain a matrix component.
- matrix components it is also possible to use all inert materials which are otherwise used to prepare catalyst substrates. These are, for example, silicates, oxides, nitrides or carbides, with particular preference being given to magnesium-aluminum silicates.
- the catalyst according to the invention it is itself present as part of a carrier substrate, that is, for example, a flow-through substrate or also a wall-flow filter.
- a carrier substrate that is, for example, a flow-through substrate or also a wall-flow filter.
- Such carrier substrates also contain the matrix components already described above.
- Carrier substrates containing catalyst according to the invention can be used as such in the exhaust gas purification. However, they can also be coated with catalytically active materials, for example SCR catalytically active materials. If these materials are to be SCR-catalytically active, the abovementioned SCR catalysts are suitable.
- catalytically active materials for example SCR catalytically active materials. If these materials are to be SCR-catalytically active, the abovementioned SCR catalysts are suitable.
- catalytically active carrier substrates for example, a mixture of, for example, 10 to 95% by weight of inert matrix component and 5 to 90% by weight of catalytically active material is extruded by methods known per se.
- matrix components it is also possible to use all inert materials which are otherwise also used for the production of catalyst substrates. These are, for example, silicates, oxides, nitrides or carbides, preference being given in particular to magnesium-aluminum silicates.
- the application of the catalyst according to the invention to the inert or even catalytically active carrier substrate and the application of a catalytically active coating to a carrier substrate which comprises a catalyst according to the invention can be carried out by methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example by the customary dip coating methods or Pumping and suction coating process with subsequent thermal aftertreatment (calcination).
- the average pore size and the mean particle size of the catalyst according to the invention can be coordinated so that the resulting coating lies on the porous walls forming the channels of the wall-flow filter.
- Wall coating the average pore size and average particle size are preferably matched to one another in such a way that the catalyst according to the invention is located in the porous walls which form the channels of the wall-flow filter, ie a coating of the inner pore surfaces takes place (in-wall coating).
- the average particle size of the catalyst according to the invention must be small enough to penetrate into the pores of the wall-flow filter.
- catalytically active coating and “catalytically active coating” are used synonymously.
- the HT-SCR to be used according to the invention is present in the form of a catalytically active layer on a carrier substrate, wherein the catalytically active layer is a molecular sieve selected from
- the molecular sieve contains alkali and alkaline earth metal cations selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and mixtures thereof in a total amount of ⁇ 1% by weight, calculated in the form of pure metals and based on the total weight of the molecular sieve,
- the molecular sieve contains the metals Co, Mn, Cr, Zr and Ni in a total amount of ⁇ 1% by weight, calculated in the form of the pure metals and based on the total weight of the molecular sieve.
- SAR silicon to alumina ratio
- Si0 2 to Al2O3 aluminosilicate zeolite
- silicon aluminum phosphates also referred to as "SAPOs"
- the (Al + P) / Si value is given. This is the sum of the amounts of aluminum and phosphorus divided by the amount of silicon.
- the molecular sieve is a SAPO
- its content of Al 2 O 3 is 30 to 45% by weight, preferably 36 to 42% by weight and particularly preferably 38% by weight.
- the content of P2O5 is 30 to 50% by weight, preferably 42 to 50% by weight and more preferably 49% by weight.
- the content of S1O2 is 5 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 9 to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably 10 wt .-%. From these ranges for the contents of Al2O3, P2O5 and S1O2, (Al + P) / Si values of 4 to 15, preferably 6 to 10, more preferably 8 to 9 and most preferably of 8.6 are obtained.
- the SAR is 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 35, more preferably 12 to 30 and most preferably 30.
- the molecular sieve contains 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 9% by weight, particularly preferably 2.5 to 7% by weight and very particularly preferably 3.5 to 4.5% by weight, of a transitional metal selected from iron, copper and mixtures thereof, calculated as Fe 2 O 3 or CuO and based on the total weight of the molecular sieve.
- the molecular sieve contains 1 to 10% by weight of Fe, preferably 3 to 9% by weight of Fe, particularly preferably 4 to 7% by weight of Fe and very particularly preferably 3.5% by weight of Fe, in each case calculated as Fe 2 O 3 and based on the total weight of the mole sieve.
- the molecular sieve contains 1 to 10 wt .-% Cu, preferably 1 to 7 wt .-% Cu, more preferably 2.5 to 4 wt .-% Cu and most preferably 4.5 wt .-% Cu , calculated in each case as CuO and based on the total weight of the molecular sieve.
- the molecular sieve contains alkali and alkaline earth metal cations selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and mixtures thereof in a total amount of ⁇ 1 wt .-%, calculated in the form of the pure metals and based on the total weight of the molecular sieve.
- the total amount of these alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations is preferably 0 to 0.7% by weight, more preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight and most preferably 0.005 to 0.4% by weight.
- the molecular sieve that is the catalytically active layer of HT-SCR is SAPO-34.
- the (Al + P) / Si value and the contents of CuO and / or Fe 2 O 3 , the alkali and alkaline earth metal content and the content of the metals Co, Mn, Cr, Zr and Ni correspond to the above information.
- the molecular sieve which is the catalytically active layer of the HT-SCR, is selected from small pore zeolites having a maximum pore size of eight tetrahedral atoms and beta zeolite.
- the contents of CuO and / or Fe 2 0 3 , the alkali and alkaline earth metal content and the content of the metals Co, Mn, Cr, Zr and Ni correspond to the above information.
- zeolites are classified according to their pore size.
- the pore size is defined by the ring size of the largest pore opening. Large-sized zeolites have a maximum ring size of 12 tetrahedral atoms, medium-pored zeolites have a maximum ring size of 10 and small-pore zeolites have a maximum ring size of 8 tetrahedral atoms.
- Small pore zeolites are, for example, ACO, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, ATT, CDO, CHA, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EPI, ERI, GIS, GOO, IHW, ITE, ITW, LEV, KFI, MER, MON, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, SAT, SAV, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG and ZON.
- medium pore size zeolites are FER, MFI, ZSM-57, and SUZ-4.
- Large pore zeolites include FAU, BEA, ZSM-3, ZSM-4, ZSM-10, ZSM-12, ZSM-20, zeolite omega, zeolite L, zeolite H, REY, USY, RE-USY and MOR.
- the HT-SCR is an Fe-BEA with a SAR of 5 to 30, an alkali metal content of 0-0.7 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0- 0.5 wt .-%, calculated as pure Metals, and an Fe content of 3 to 9 wt .-%, particularly preferably 4.5 wt .-%, calculated as Fe 2 0 3 , wherein the alkali metal and Fe content are each based on the total weight of the zeolite.
- the HT-SCR is a Cu-CHA with an SAR of 10 to 35, an alkali metal content of 0-07 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0-0.5 wt%, calculated as pure metals, and a Cu content of 1 to 7 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3.5 wt .-%, calculated as CuO, wherein the alkali metal and Cu content are each based on the total weight of the zeolite.
- the molecular sieve is applied as one or more layers on a flow honeycomb body.
- binders e.g. be selected from S1O2, AI2O3, ZrÜ2 or combinations thereof in the layers. Suitable binders also include boehmite and silica gel.
- the TT-SCR to be used according to the invention comprises a monolithic flow-through substrate with a manganese-containing coating as the catalytically active layer.
- the manganese-containing coating is a manganese-containing mixed oxide selected from
- Me is Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Cu or Ti.
- the manganese-containing coating is a mixed oxide of the general formula Mn a Mei -a O b
- Me is selected from the group Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ag, Sn, Ce, Pr, La, Nd, Ti and Y.
- a 0.02-0.98
- b 1, 0-2.5.
- Me is particularly advantageously selected from Fe, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Sn and Ti.
- the manganese-containing coating is a mixed oxide of the general formula Mn w Ce x Mewx O y
- Me is selected from the group Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ag, Sn, Ce , Pr, La, Nd, Ti and Y.
- w 0.02-0.98
- x 0.02-0.98
- y 1, 0-2, 5.
- Me is selected from Fe, Cu, Nb, Mo, W, Sn and Ti.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b show by way of example the basic principle of the present invention
- FIG. 2a to 5 show further embodiments of the invention, in which further components of the exhaust gas purification system are shown.
- a reducing agent supply system is arranged immediately upstream of the HT-SCR.
- the reductant delivery system in one embodiment includes a reductant source, pump, and dispenser or injector (not shown).
- the exact structure of the reductant delivery system may also be determined by the nature of the reductant.
- the dispensing of liquids may be dispensed with a pump, as long as the container or tank containing the reducing agent is mounted such that the delivery to the reductant dispenser or Injection device is done by gravity.
- the source of reductant may be a tank or tank containing a reductant such as ammonia (NH3), urea, or other NH3 storage source such as ammonia.
- a reductant such as ammonia (NH3), urea, or other NH3 storage source such as ammonia.
- the reducing agent source is selected from aqueous solutions of ammonia, urea, ammonium carbamate, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium propionate, guanidinium formate, methanamide and mixtures of said aqueous solutions.
- solid nitrogen-containing reducing agent sources which are evaporated to give reductive or reactive constituents, in particular ammonia (NH 3 ).
- Suitable solids for this purpose are, for example, ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium propionate and metalamine salts.
- the use of these solids and a process for producing a gaseous reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in oxygen-containing exhaust gases from a solid reducing agent are described for example in DE 101 01 364 A1 and WO 2008/119492 A1.
- the reductant source is connected to the pump so as to provide reductant, the pump being configured to pump reductant from the reductant source to the dispenser.
- the dispenser may be like e.g. In Fig. 1a, a reductant injector or metering device is provided upstream of the bypass valve 150 and the HT-SCR catalyst 120.
- the reductant injector may be disposed at other locations on the aftertreatment system, such as upstream of the DOC in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the injector may be selectively controlled to inject reductant directly into the exhaust stream before it passes through the bypass valve 150.
- the reductant delivery system may include more than one reductant injector, whereby HT-SCR 220 and TT-SCR 230 may be independently supplied with reductant.
- This mode of operation is particularly advantageous in order to enable the TT-SCR to have a very short start-up time, since the reducing agent does not previously have to flow through the HT-SCR and is possibly adsorbed there.
- the reducing agent in the SCR catalysts reacts with NO x to reduce it to harmless emissions N 2 and H2O.
- the engine system 110 further includes various types of physical and / or virtual sensors, such as exhaust temperature sensors.
- sensors are located downstream of the engine 110 and upstream of the turbocharger and upstream of the DOC and DPF (see FIGS. 2, 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b).
- a temperature sensor 140 upstream of the bypass and / or flow control valve.
- the exhaust gas temperature sensor 140 is disposed downstream of the HT-SCR 120 and upstream of the bypass valve 150.
- the exhaust gas temperature sensors may be physical sensors and / or virtual sensors configured to control a temperature of exhaust gas exiting the engine 110 or a temperature of exhaust gas exiting the HT-SCR 120, respectively determine (eg to detect, estimate or simulate).
- the engine system 110 may include various other sensors, such as a differential pressure sensor for determining a pressure differential on either side of the DPF in FIGS. 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b mass flow sensors for determining mass related Exhaust gas flow rate and exhaust gas property sensors for determining mass concentrations of various compounds in the exhaust gas, such as NO x , oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, and the like.
- the various sensors may conveniently be located throughout the engine system 110 and may be in communication with the controller to monitor, control, and control the operating conditions of the system.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve is configured to exhaust the entire exhaust flow through the to conduct the temperature SCR catalyst when a temperature of the exhaust stream is below the minimum operating temperature of the HT-SCR catalyst and the HT-SCR does not yet have high conversion rates.
- the minimum operating temperature may be lower than the temperature threshold.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve may gradually decrease the amount of exhaust gas flow passing through the low temperature SCR catalyst from 100% to 0% of the exhaust flow when the temperature of the exhaust flow is commensurate with the exhaust gas flow Minimum operating temperature rises to the temperature threshold.
- the bypass valve may incrementally increase the amount of exhaust gas flow passing through the low temperature SCR catalyst from 0% to 100% of the exhaust gas flow as the temperature of the exhaust gas flow decreases to a corresponding extent from the temperature threshold to the minimum operating temperature ,
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve may be electronically connected to a controller which selectively controls the switching of the valve.
- the control unit is not shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve may be switched between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, i. Below the minimum operating temperature of the HT-SCR, the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve directs any exhaust gas into the TT-SCR. In the closed position, i. above the minimum operating temperature of the HT-SCR, however, the exhaust gas bypass and / or flow control valve does not divert any subsets of the exhaust gas into the TT-SCR.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve in the closed position causes the TT-SCR to be bypassed.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve may be set to any position between the open and closed positions to selectively regulate the flow rate to the TT-SCR.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve may be controlled so that any subsets of exhaust gas flow from the HT-SCR into the TT-SCR catalyst.
- the gas path, i. the flow direction of the exhaust gas is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 6a and 6b.
- the minimum operating temperature is that temperature which is at least necessary in order to initiate the provision of the reducing agent and the actual catalytic reaction.
- a further reducing agent supply system is arranged immediately before the TT-SCR.
- the reducing agent supply system contains a) a reducing agent source, b) a reducing agent pump, and c) a reducing agent dispenser or a reducing agent injection device.
- a pump is dispensed with during the metering of the liquid reducing agent.
- the container or tank containing the reducing agent is mounted so that the delivery to the reducing agent dispenser or injector is by gravity.
- a reductant delivery system immediately upstream of the HT-SCR is a reductant delivery system, see e.g. Fig. 1 a and 1 b.
- the SDPF has the function of an HT-SCR.
- reductant delivery systems may be present.
- these further reductant delivery systems are located immediately upstream of the TT-SCR, as shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 5.
- an oxidation catalyst is located immediately upstream of the reductant feed system immediately upstream of the HT-SCR.
- Oxidation catalysts have long been known in the art and described in various embodiments. In most cases, the noble metals platinum and / or palladium are used as oxidation-catalytically active components, see, for example, US 201 1/0206584 A1, but also gold-containing catalysts have already been described, for example in the exhaust aftertreatment system according to EP 1 938 893 A2. Oxidation catalysts are known in the art and can be used in the context of the present invention without departing from the scope of the patent application.
- the carrier substrates used according to the present invention are, in particular, the inert carrier substrates known to those skilled in the art.
- it is in order to honeycomb body made of metal or preferably made of ceramic, which can be designed as a flow Waberi- body or as Wandmannfilter Economics.
- honeycomb bodies made of cordierite are preferred.
- the HT-SCR there is another HT-SCR between the HT-SCR, in front of which a reductant delivery system is located, and the temperature sensor.
- the different HT-SCR units can represent a combination of different technologies. For example, combinations of Fe-zeolite, e.g. Fe-BEA, and Cu zeolite, e.g. Cu-SSZ-13, as well as combinations of vanadium-based systems and Cu zeolite on the one hand and the combination of different Cu zeolite technologies on the other hand can be used.
- the HT-SCR may also be an SDPF, i. an SCR integrated on a DPF. All combinations mentioned here are known to the person skilled in the art and can be used without departing from the scope of the patent claims.
- a catalytically coated diesel particulate filter is located between the oxidation catalyst and the reductant delivery system immediately upstream of the HT-SCR.
- oxidation catalytically active coating serves to lower the activation energy for oxygen-based particulate combustion (soot combustion) and thus to lower the Rußzündtemperatur on the filter, the improvement of the passive regeneration behavior by oxidation of nitrogen monoxide contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide and the suppression of hydrocarbon breakthroughs and carbon monoxide emissions.
- Suitable carrier substrates for these CDPFs are, for example, wall-flow filters made of silicon carbide, aluminum titanate and cordierite.
- particulate filters are described, for example, in M Pfeiffer, M Votsmeier, M Kögel, PC Spurk and ES Lox: "The Second Generation of Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filters for Passenger Cars - Particulate Filters with Integrated Oxidation Catalyst Function", SAE Paper SAE 2005 -01-1756, described in detail.
- one or more HT-SCR are arranged upstream of the oxidation catalyst. In this case, immediately upstream of the HT-SCR which is closest to the internal combustion engine, there is a reducing agent supply system.
- one or more HT-SCR and an ASC are located upstream of the oxidation catalyst.
- the ASC is in the most downstream position.
- the ASC is then immediately upstream of the oxidation catalyst.
- the HT-SCR is located directly downstream of the engine with downstream TT-SCR.
- another temperature sensor is located upstream of the exhaust gas bypass and / or flow regulation valve. Even in this configuration close to the engine, a further reducing agent supply system can be arranged immediately upstream of the TT-SCR.
- the construction shown corresponds to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b.
- an ammonia slip catalyst is arranged downstream of the TT-SCR.
- ammonia blocking catalysts are known, which are arranged for the oxidation of erupting ammonia in the flow direction of the exhaust gas behind an SCR catalyst. Ammonia blocking catalysts in various embodiments are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,120,695, WO 02/100520 A1 and EP 0 559 021 A2. In a further embodiment, the catalyst arrangement according to the invention therefore comprises an ammonia blocking catalyst which adjoins the second SCR catalyst.
- the ammonia barrier catalyst comprises SCR active material and one or more platinum group metals, particularly platinum or platinum and palladium.
- SCR catalytically active material in particular all the above-described SCR catalysts in question.
- the object of the invention to provide a method for treating an exhaust gas stream, which comprises the new SCR system, is achieved according to the invention
- HT-SCR medium to high temperature SCR
- T-SCR low temperature temperature SCR
- the SCR catalyst for medium to high temperatures is designed so well, with the average temperature range from 250 ° C to less than 450 ° C and the high temperature range temperatures from 450 ° C to 750 ° (a) reduce NO x in an exhaust gas having a temperature above a temperature threshold,
- the low-temperature SCR is designed to reduce NO x in an exhaust gas having a temperature below a temperature threshold value, the low-temperature range comprising temperatures of 60 ° C. to less than 250 ° C., and wherein the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the exhaust stream leaving the HT-SCR,
- exhaust gas bypass and / or flow regulating valve is designed to bypass the exhaust gas flow in its entirety past the low-temperature SCR, if this exhaust gas flow has a temperature greater than or equal to a temperature threshold value
- Dashed arrows for example between the two components motor 110 and SCR 120 in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, mean that optionally further components can be located between these components.
- Dotted arrows symbolize the bypassing of the entire exhaust gas flow at the low-temperature SCR when this exhaust gas flow has a temperature above a temperature threshold value, see 180, 280, 380, 480 and 580 in FIGS. 1 to 5.
- HT-SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst here: SCR catalyst for medium to high temperatures
- CDPF catalytically coated diesel particulate filter DPF coated with an oxidation catalyst
- the catalytic systems ie the HT-SCR, the TT-SCR, the OX, the DPF, the SDPF and the ASC can each be composed independently of one another or of any number of bricks of different dimensions and shapes.
- Fig. 1a shows the gist of the present invention.
- Downstream of the engine 110 is a medium to high temperature HT-SCR catalyst 120.
- a reductant delivery system 160 that includes a reductant source, pump, and dispenser or injector (not shown).
- Downstream of the SCR 120 an exhaust temperature sensor 140 is disposed. Behind the exhaust gas temperature sensor 140 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 150, which communicates with the SCR 120 so as to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 150 directs the exhaust flow past the bypass 180 at the low temperature SCR 130 if the exhaust flow is at or above a temperature threshold. However, if the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below this temperature threshold, the exhaust gas flow, completely or partially, is passed through the low-temperature SCR 130, see arrow 170.
- Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system comprising the inventive combination of a normal to high temperature SCR and a low temperature SCR.
- This system includes an oxidation catalyst 215.
- a reductant delivery system 260 which, like the corresponding system 160 in Figures 1a and 1b, is constructed and supplies reductant to the SDPF 225.
- SCR 220 Immediately downstream of the SDPF 225 is an SCR 220.
- Downstream of the SCR 220 is an exhaust temperature sensor 240.
- Behind exhaust gas temperature sensor 240 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 250 that communicates with SCR 220 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 250 overflows the exhaust stream via the bypass 280 at the low temperature SCR 230 if the exhaust stream is at or above a temperature threshold. However, if the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below this temperature threshold value, the exhaust gas flow, partially or completely, is passed through the low-temperature SCR 230, see arrow 270.
- FIG. 3 a shows a further advantageous embodiment of an exhaust gas purification system comprising the combination according to the invention of a SCR for normal to high temperatures and a low-temperature SCR.
- This system includes an oxidation catalyst 315 and a CDPF 316 located immediately downstream thereof. Downstream of the CDPF is a reductant delivery system 360 which is constructed like the corresponding system 160 in Figures 1a and 1b and the SCR 225 reductant supplies. Downstream of the SCR 320, an exhaust temperature sensor 340 is disposed downstream of the SCR 320. Behind the exhaust gas temperature sensor 340 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 350 that communicates with the SCR 320 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 350 directs the exhaust flow past the low temperature SCR 330 via the bypass 380 if the exhaust flow is at or above a temperature threshold. If, however, the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below this temperature threshold value, the exhaust gas flow is passed through the low-temperature SCR 330, see arrow 370.
- a further reductant Supply system 390 may be provided, as described in Fig. 1 b. In the event that the temperature of the exhaust stream is below the temperature threshold, the exhaust stream is passed through the low temperature SCR, and immediately before this introduction, reductant is added to the low temperature SCR.
- FIG. 3b shows a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention.
- the system includes an oxidation catalyst 315 followed by a reductant delivery system 360 constructed like the corresponding system 160 in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and providing reductant to the SDPF 325.
- an exhaust temperature sensor 340 Downstream of the SDPF 325, an exhaust temperature sensor 340 is disposed.
- Behind the exhaust gas temperature sensor 340 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 350, which communicates with the SDPF 325 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 350 directs the exhaust stream via the bypass 380 past the low temperature SCR 330 if the exhaust stream is at or above a temperature threshold.
- FIG. 4 a relates to a further embodiment, which is based on the system described in FIG. 3 a.
- a reductant delivery system 465 Upstream of the oxidation catalyst 415 and immediately downstream CDPF 416 is a reductant delivery system 465 which is constructed like the corresponding system 160 in Figs. 1a and 1b and which supplies reductant to the SCR 425. Behind oxidation catalyst 415 and CDPF 416, as described in FIG. 3a, another reductant supply system 460 is arranged, which is constructed like the corresponding system 160 in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and supplies reducing agent to the SCR 420. Downstream of the SCR 420 is a waste gas temperature sensor 440. Behind the exhaust temperature sensor 440 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 450, which communicates with the SCR 420 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 450 directs the exhaust flow past the bypass 480 at the low temperature SCR 430 if the exhaust flow is at or above a temperature threshold. However, if the temperature of the exhaust stream is below this temperature threshold, then the exhaust stream is passed through the low temperature SCR 430, see arrow 470.
- another reducing agent supply system 490 may be provided, as described in Fig. 1b. In the event that the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below the temperature threshold value, the exhaust gas flow is passed through the low-temperature SCR, and immediately before this introduction, reducing agent is supplied to the low-temperature SCR.
- FIG. 4 b relates to a further embodiment, which is based on the system described in FIG. 4 a.
- a reducing agent supply system 465 which is constructed like the corresponding system 160 in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and supplies reducing agents to the two consecutive SCRs 425.
- Behind the oxidation catalyst 415 is a reducing agent supply system 465, which is constructed like the corresponding system 160 in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and supplies reducing agent to the SDPF 420.
- an exhaust temperature sensor 440 is disposed downstream of the SDPF 420.
- Behind the exhaust gas temperature sensor 440 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 450, which communicates with the SDPF 420 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 450 redirects the exhaust flow the bypass 480 past the low-temperature SCR 430 if the exhaust gas flow has a temperature greater than or equal to a temperature threshold. If, however, the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below this temperature threshold, then the exhaust gas flow is passed through the low-temperature SCR 430, see arrow 470.
- yet another Reductant supply system 390 be provided, as described in Fig. 1 b. In the event that the temperature of the exhaust gas flow is below the temperature threshold value, the exhaust gas flow is passed through the low-temperature SCR, and immediately before this introduction, reducing agent is supplied to the low-temperature SCR.
- FIG. 5 shows schematically a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, which is illustrated by way of example as a supplement to FIG. 1a.
- Downstream of the engine, not shown in FIG. 5, is a normal to high temperature SCR catalyst 520.
- a reductant delivery system 560 comprising a reductant source, pump and dispenser or injector (not shown).
- Downstream of the SCR 520 an exhaust temperature sensor 540 is disposed. Downstream of the exhaust temperature sensor 540 is an exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 550, which communicates with the SCR 520 to receive exhaust gas.
- the exhaust bypass and / or flow control valve 550 directs the exhaust flow past the bypass 580 past the low temperature SCR 530 if the exhaust flow is at or above a temperature threshold. However, if the temperature of the exhaust stream is below this temperature threshold, then the exhaust stream is passed through the low temperature SCR 530, see arrow 570. Downstream of the low temperature SCR 520 is an ASC 525 in this embodiment.
- Fig. 6a shows an exhaust bypass valve, hereinafter referred to as a "bypass valve", which is 100% open. "100% open” means that the exhaust paths 1 and 2 are connected so that exhaust gas from the HT-SCR flows into the TT-SCR.
- the arrow 1 shows the gas outlet from the HT-SCR and the entry into the bypass valve.
- Arrow 2 shows the exit of the exhaust gas from the bypass valve in the direction of the TT SCR.
- Arrow 3 shows the exit of the exhaust gas from the bypass valve in the direction of the bypass. In Fig. 6a, the outlet 3 is completely closed.
- valve position according to FIG. 6a corresponds, as stated above, to a 100% open bypass valve.
- Tact actual temperature of HT-SCR
- T min minimum operating temperature of the HT-SCR
- the exhaust gas will pass through the TT-SCR after exiting the HT-SCR, regardless of whether the minimum operating temperature of the HT-SCR has already been reached or not.
- Fig. 6b shows a bypass valve that is 100% closed. “100% closed” means “0% open”.
- the exhaust paths 1 and 3 are connected so that exhaust gas coming from the HT-SCR flows into the bypass and not through the TT-SCR.
- the bypass valve is closed.
- the exhaust stream is then passed after leaving the HT-SCR on the TT-SCR.
- Tist Tmin ⁇ Tihd Tist Tmin ⁇ Tihd to be discribed.
- the actual temperature of the HT-SCR is greater than its minimum operating temperature but lower than the temperature threshold.
- a proportionality factor can be defined from (T TM - T st ), which indicates the opening degree of the flow valve. The boundary condition applies here:
- bypass valve is 0% open, which is equivalent to 100% closed.
- FIG. 7 shows the nitrogen oxide conversion values UNO X [%] of three HT-SCR catalysts in the temperature range between 200 and 550.degree.
- HT-SCR1 is a vanadium-containing SCR
- HT-SCR2 is an iron-containing SCR
- HT-SCR3 is a copper-containing SCR.
- the experimental conditions for the measurement of the nitrogen oxide conversion values are given in Example 4.
- FIG. 8 shows the S0 2 process after flowing through the DPF for three stationary sulfurization experiments on a motor test bench for a Cu zeolite HT-SCR. These desulfurization experiments are described in Example 5. The SCR inlet temperature and space velocity in the SCR were varied for the three experiments.
- FIG. 9 shows the SC> 2 curve after flowing through the Cu zeolite HT-SCR for three stationary Verschfefelungsexperimente on an engine test bench. These Verschwefelungs- experiments are described in Example 5. The SCR inlet temperature and space velocity in the SCR were varied for the three experiments. Together with FIG. 8 shows this process reveals ability of the Cu-zeolite as a SO x storage at different temperatures and space velocities.
- V-HT-SCR shows little sulfur storage functionality over the trial period.
- Cu-HT-SCR shows the characteristic as sulfur trap even under dynamic conditions.
- FIG. 12 shows the NO x turnover curves from the dynamic engine bench tests for a V-HT-SCR and a Cu-HT-SCR. Both systems show that they retain their HT-SCR function even with sulfur exposure.
- HT-SCR1 The dispersion obtained according to a) was applied to a commercially available ceramic flow-through substrate having a volume of 0.5 L and a cell count of 62 cells per square centimeter with a wall thickness of 0.17 mm over its entire length with a washcoat loading of 160 g / L coated. It was then dried at 90 ° C and calcined at 600 ° C for 2 hours.
- the catalyst thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as HT-SCR1.
- a commercially available zeolite of the structural type BEA with an SAR of 25 is mixed in water with an amount of Fe (NOs) 3 which has an iron content of 4.5% by weight (based on the iron-containing zeolite and calculated as Fe 2 0 3 ), and stirred overnight.
- a commercially available zeolite of the structure type CHA with a SAR of 30 is mixed in water with an amount of CuS0 4 corresponding to a copper content of 3.7% by weight (based on the copper-containing zeolite and calculated as CuO) , and stirred overnight.
- HT-SCR3 The resulting catalyst (hereinafter referred to as HT-SCR3) is dried at 90 ° C, then calcined stepwise at 350 ° C and at 550 ° C in air.
- Embodiment 4 Determination of DeNOx activity:
- the nitrogen oxide concentrations of the model gas after passing through the HT-SCR catalyst were recorded by means of FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry). From the known, metered nitrogen oxide contents, which were verified during conditioning at the beginning of the respective test run with a pre-catalyst Abgasana- lytics, and the measured nitrogen oxide levels after catalyst was the nitrogen oxide conversion, based on the ratio of NH 3 to NO, over the catalyst for each temperature measurement point is calculated as follows:
- Embodiment 5 Detection of Cu-SCR: SOx trap function and HT-SCR:
- the investigations of the HT-SCR3 to determine its suitability as an SCR catalyst for the medium to high temperature range and at the same time its suitability as a SO x trap in the work area of the TT-SCR was carried out on the engine test.
- the catalyst volume used corresponded to the factor - 2.26 of the engine displacement or displacement.
- the analytics used commercially available analytics.
- NO x conversion determination the NO x concentrations were measured before and after SCR using CLDs (chemiluminescence detectors). The conversion was calculated analogously to Example 4. 100
- the SO 2 input and output concentrations were measured as SO 2 by a mass spectrometer at the DPF output and the SCR output.
- the experiments were carried out in stationary mode. For this purpose, three different operating points were selected, which differ in terms of their SCR inlet temperature and the exhaust gas mass flow or the SCR space velocity (GHSV or SV).
- GHS stands for "gas hourly space velocity”
- SV space velocity
- the reducing agent used was commercial urea solution. An amount was metered, which corresponds to an ammonia / NOX ratio of 1.2.
- EOP_01 represents an operating point where the exhaust gas temperature is below the threshold and at the same time below the minimum temperature of the HT-SCR.
- EOP_02 and EOP_03 are above the minimum temperature with respect to their temperature.
- the S02 curve after passage through the DPF is shown in FIG. 8 and the S02 curve after passing through the SCR in FIG. 9.
- Embodiment 6 NOx conversion and SO 2 trap function of Cu-HT-SCR and V-HT-SCR
- V-SCR1 vanadium-containing V-SCR
- HT-SCR3 copper-containing Cu-SCR
- the catalyst volume used corresponded to the factor -1.1 of the engine displacement or displacement.
- NO x conversion determination the NO x concentrations were measured before and after SCR using CLDs (chemiluminescence detectors). The conversion was calculated as in Example 5.
- the reducing agent used was commercial urea solution. An amount was metered, which corresponds to an ammonia / NOx ratio of 0.8. This is under stoichiometric and therefore the HT-SCR can not reach 100% conversion. The theoretical maximum conversion would therefore correspond to 80%.
- FIG. 12 shows the NO x turnover curves from the dynamic engine bench tests for a V-HT-SCR and a Cu-HT-SCR.
- the cumulative mass of SO2 per cycle, measured at the output of the SCR, is plotted against the number of sulphation cycles.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17207691.1A EP3498993A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass |
| PCT/EP2018/082079 WO2019115187A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2018-11-21 | Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3724469A1 true EP3724469A1 (de) | 2020-10-21 |
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| EP17207691.1A Withdrawn EP3498993A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass |
| EP18803449.0A Withdrawn EP3724469A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2018-11-21 | Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP17207691.1A Withdrawn EP3498993A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Kombination eines zeolithbasierten scr mit einem manganbasierten scr im bypass |
Country Status (4)
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200332691A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3498993A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111465754A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019115187A1 (de) |
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| DE102020117728B4 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2022-05-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem sowie Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| US11352927B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-06-07 | Paccar Inc | Control of selective catalytic reduction in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines |
| US11725560B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2023-08-15 | Paccar Inc | Heater control in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines |
| US11326493B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-05-10 | Paccar Inc | Ammonia storage capacity of SCR catalyst unit |
| US11976582B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2024-05-07 | Paccar Inc | Methods for diagnostics and operation of an emissions aftertreatment system |
| US11499463B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-11-15 | Paccar Inc | Methods for evaluating diesel exhaust fluid quality |
| US11181026B1 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2021-11-23 | Paccar Inc | Methods for operation of an emissions aftertreatment system for NOx control during regeneration of diesel particulate filter |
| US11879367B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2024-01-23 | Paccar Inc | NOx sensor diagnostics in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines |
| US11428136B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2022-08-30 | Paccar Inc | Heater diagnostics in heavy-duty motor vehicle engines |
| CN111939988A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-17 | 湖南省吉安特技术有限公司 | 一种改善scr温区的纳米柴油机尾气催化性能的方法 |
| CN112682134B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-04-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种后处理系统的驻车再生系统及驻车再生方法 |
| SE544608C2 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-09-20 | Scania Cv Ab | Control device and method for controlling an exhaust gas aftertreatment system |
| CN113356976B (zh) * | 2021-07-08 | 2024-02-13 | 上海星融汽车科技有限公司 | 多段载体结构的车用选择性催化还原装置 |
| CN114046197B (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-03-21 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种废气处理的方法、装置及可读存储介质 |
| CN114922719B (zh) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-02-20 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Scr反应器温度的控制方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质 |
| CN115672390A (zh) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-02-03 | 沈阳师范大学 | 一种MnOx负载Cu-SSZ-13分子筛复合催化剂及制备方法、应用 |
| EP4735153A1 (de) | 2023-06-30 | 2026-05-06 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Scr-katalysatoren zur verbesserten nox-reduktion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5120695A (en) | 1989-07-28 | 1992-06-09 | Degusaa Aktiengesellschaft (Degussa Ag) | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and gas turbines operated at above the stoichiometric ratio |
| DE4206699C2 (de) | 1992-03-04 | 1996-02-01 | Degussa | NO¶x¶-Verminderung im mageren Abgas von Kraftfahrzeugmotoren |
| DE10101364A1 (de) | 2001-01-13 | 2002-07-18 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Umwandlung eines festen stickstoffhaltigen Reduktionsmittels in eine Gasphase für die Reduktion von Stickoxiden in sauerstoffhaltigen Abgasen nach dem Prinzip der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion |
| EP1264628A1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2002-12-11 | OMG AG & Co. KG | Redox-Katalysator für die selektive katalytische Reduktion der im Abgas von Dieselmotoren enthaltenen Stickoxide mittels Ammoniak sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| JP3876705B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2007-02-07 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス浄化システム |
| KR20080047950A (ko) | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-30 | 나노스텔라 인코포레이티드 | 팔라듐-금을 포함하는 엔진 배기가스 촉매 |
| ATE489158T1 (de) | 2007-03-30 | 2010-12-15 | Amminex As | System zur lagerung von ammoniak in und zu seiner abgabe aus einem lagerungsmaterial und verfahren zur lagerung und abgabe von ammoniak |
| EP2116293B1 (de) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-03-17 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Abgasreinigungssystem zur Behandlung von Motorenabgasen mittels SCR-Katalysator |
| DE112010003613T5 (de) * | 2009-09-10 | 2012-11-08 | Cummins Ip, Inc. | Niedertemperatur-Katalysator für die selektive katalytische Reduktion sowie dazugehörige Systeme und Verfahren |
| US8263033B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2012-09-11 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Palladium-contaning oxidation catalyst |
| SE538378C2 (sv) * | 2012-05-03 | 2016-06-07 | Scania Cv Ab | Metod för detektering av svavelförgiftning i ett avgasefterbehandlingssystem |
| US20150337702A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust aftertreatment system with low-temperature scr |
| US20160032803A1 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust After-treatment System Having Low Temperature SCR Catalyst |
| CN207161179U (zh) | 2014-08-20 | 2018-03-30 | 康明斯排放处理公司 | 废气后处理系统 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-15 EP EP17207691.1A patent/EP3498993A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-11-21 CN CN201880080475.2A patent/CN111465754A/zh active Pending
- 2018-11-21 EP EP18803449.0A patent/EP3724469A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-11-21 US US16/770,876 patent/US20200332691A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-11-21 WO PCT/EP2018/082079 patent/WO2019115187A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111465754A (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
| EP3498993A1 (de) | 2019-06-19 |
| WO2019115187A1 (de) | 2019-06-20 |
| US20200332691A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
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