EP3723979A1 - Vitrage feuillete aeronautique a haute resistance a la rupture au choc a l'oiseau - Google Patents

Vitrage feuillete aeronautique a haute resistance a la rupture au choc a l'oiseau

Info

Publication number
EP3723979A1
EP3723979A1 EP18833917.0A EP18833917A EP3723979A1 EP 3723979 A1 EP3723979 A1 EP 3723979A1 EP 18833917 A EP18833917 A EP 18833917A EP 3723979 A1 EP3723979 A1 EP 3723979A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laminated glazing
glass sheet
structural
sheet
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18833917.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas TONDU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP3723979A1 publication Critical patent/EP3723979A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10064—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, only one of which being an outer layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10366—Reinforcements of the laminated safety glass or glazing against impact or intrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1484—Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Definitions

  • the mechanical dimensioning of aeronautical glazing is governed by the requirement of impact resistance by birds.
  • the mass of glazing is therefore strongly governed by the requirement of resistance to bird shocks.
  • This invention is a reduced mass glazing composition consisting of high tensile strength structural glass and tenacious structural plastic.
  • the rupture stress is also sometimes called a module of rupture (in English "Module of Rupture" - MOR -).
  • the aeronautical glazing consists of at least two plies to provide security in the event of breakage of a fold.
  • a third fold can be added on the outer face to manage aerodynamic requirements and / or as a support for the heating function for defrosting.
  • the folds providing the mechanical properties are called the structural folds: they are either:
  • PMMA methyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PU polyurethane
  • Mass saving is a permanent requirement of the aerospace industry. Glazing with two structural glass plies on the one hand, stretched PMMA on the other hand, allow access to substantially similar masses of laminated glazing.
  • Polycarbonate glazing allows a reduction in mass, but polycarbonate also has many defects:
  • the glazing is flexed locally, which induces constraints on the glazing. It is the farthest surface of the shock that receives the highest stresses that can cause the rupture of the structural fold inside the laminated glass plane. On the contrary, the outer structural fold is very little stressed in extension or is put in compression, which preserves it.
  • the structural block of the laminated glazing is subjected to compressive stresses then to stresses in extension, the two types of stresses being separated by a plane called "neutral fiber" (zero load) within the structural block.
  • the object of the invention is to combine two structural sheets to push the rupture limit of the laminated glazing to the impact of the bird.
  • This object is achieved by the invention which, accordingly, relates to a laminated glazing for a vehicle or a building, characterized in that it comprises a sheet of inner structural polymer material and an outer structural glass sheet of thickness between 3 and 20 mm having a tensile stress of 350 to 1000 MPa with the characteristics of stressing a bird shock.
  • the invention consists in the production of a structural block formed of a high-tensile fracture glass on the outermost face of the structural block and a polymeric material placed on the internal face of the glazing and characterized by a low elastic modulus.
  • the glass has a high elastic modulus of about 70GPa, much higher than that of polymeric materials (some GPa under the conditions solicitation of a bird shock). It is therefore the glass which mainly governs the deformations of the glazing.
  • the neutral fiber (zero load) is moved outwardly of the structural block in the mounting position of the laminated glazing, more precisely inside the outer structural glass: its load is therefore increased.
  • the outer structural glass sheet is here constrained in extension.
  • the sheet of inner structural polymeric material is slightly deformed due to the stiffness of the glass.
  • the polymeric material requires larger deformations than the glass to charge.
  • the total encapsulation of the outer structural glass sheet allows the choice of superficial chemical reinforcements allowing access to higher reinforcement levels than the deep reinforcement lenses. It is specified that the deep reinforcement makes it possible to avoid the loss of mechanical performance by scratching the surface, which can not occur in the case of encapsulation.
  • the sheet of inner structural polymeric material is made of stretched or unstretched poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), structural polyurethane (PU) or polycarbonate (PC), with a thickness of between 5 and 22 mm;
  • PMMA stretched or unstretched poly (methyl methacrylate)
  • PU structural polyurethane
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the outer structural glass sheet is made of soda-lime or aluminosilicate glass; the outer structural glass sheet is chemically reinforced; the chemical reinforcement consists for example in the substitution of sodium ions by potassium ions, or of lithium ions by sodium ions, that is to say each time by larger ions, on the surface of the glass sheets ; this increases their surface compression stress and their breaking stress;
  • the inner and outer structural sheets are bonded to each other by means of a first intermediate adhesive layer of thickness between 0.5 and 5, preferably between 1.8 and 3.2 mm;
  • the laminated glazing comprises, on the side of the outer structural glass sheet opposite to the sheet of inner structural polymeric material, an outer glass sheet of thickness between 0.5 and 5 mm; this outer sheet of glass, thin and non-structural, constitutes the outer surface of the laminated glazing, in contact with the outside atmosphere;
  • the outer glass sheet is of soda-lime or aluminosilicate type; the outer glass sheet is semi-tempered or chemically reinforced;
  • the outer glass sheet is bonded to the outer structural glass sheet by means of a second intermediate adhesive layer of thickness between 2 and 12, preferably 3 and 7 mm;
  • the face of the outer glass sheet facing the outer structural glass sheet supports a heating wire network and / or an electroconductive heating layer; copper wires, indium oxide layer doped with tin ITO (in English: “indium tin oxide”), connected to a power supply via collectors (in English "bus-bars"); this positioning of the heating function provides defrosting of the surface of the laminated glazing in contact with the outside atmosphere, in all the conditions of use, while minimizing the electric power required (proximity of the frost);
  • one face of the inner or outer structural sheet supports a heating wire array and / or an electroconductive heating layer as described above; this positioning of the function of heating provides defogging of the laminated glazing surface in contact with the atmosphere of the cockpit of the aircraft;
  • the face of the outer glass sheet opposite to the outer structural glass sheet is flush with the mounting structure; in other words, this face is in continuity with the structure (cabin of the plane); an essential function of the outer glass sheet is the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft, and to a lesser extent the appearance function;
  • an interlayer adhesive layer comprises a polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a polyurethane (PU), an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or the like;
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • PU polyurethane
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • the laminated glazing is curved (concavity towards the interior of the vehicle or the building in the mounting position);
  • a reinforcement sheet is inserted between the inner and outer structural glass sheets, on at least part of a peripheral zone of the laminated glazing unit; it is a band of reinforcing material such as metal, composite fiber (Kevlar® or similar), according to a significant portion of the peripheral zone of the laminated glazing; this reinforcing sheet is subjected to the local stress applied by the windscreen and which could locally break the outer structural glass into small pieces; the reinforcing sheet prevents tearing of the interlayer adhesive layer at the contact limit between the press and glazing.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the application of a laminated glazing unit as described above in aeronautics, in particular as commercial, regional or business aircraft glazing subject to the requirements of impact resistance. to the bird.
  • Example A laminated window of a commercial pressurized aircraft cockpit is constituted, from the interior of the aircraft to the outside:
  • the two structural sheets are bonded through an intermediate adhesive layer of PVB 2 mm thick.
  • the outer structural glass sheet and the outer glass sheet are bonded through a 10 mm thick PU interlayer adhesive layer.
  • the face of the outer glass sheet facing the outer structural glass sheet carries a de-icing heating layer of ITO. This is particularly the case of an anti-frost glass front aircraft cockpit.
  • the heating function can be supported by any surface of the structural block in the laminate.
  • the outer face of the outer glass sheet is flush with the cabin of the aircraft, mounting environment of the laminated glazing.
  • This laminated glazing has improved resistance to impact to the bird.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à - un vitrage feuilleté pour un véhicule ou un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure et une feuille de verre structurale extérieure ayant une contrainte à rupture de 350 à 1000 MPa aux caractéristiques de sollicitation d'un choc oiseau; - l'application de ce vitrage feuilleté comme vitrage d'avion soumis aux exigences de tenue au choc à l'oiseau.

Description

VITRAGE FEUILLETE AERONAUTIQUE A HAUTE RESISTANCE A LA RUPTURE AU CHOC A L’OISEAU
Le dimensionnement mécanique des vitrages aéronautiques est gouverné par l’exigence de résistance aux impacts par des oiseaux. La masse des vitrages est donc fortement gouvernée par l’exigence de résistance aux chocs d’oiseaux. Cette invention est une composition de vitrage à masse réduite constitué d’un verre structural à contrainte à rupture élevée et d’un plastique structural tenace. La contrainte à rupture est aussi appelée quelquefois module à rupture (en anglais « Module of Rupture » - MOR -).
A l’heure actuelle, les vitrages aéronautiques sont constitués d’au moins deux plis afin d’assurer une sécurisation en cas de rupture d’un pli. Un troisième pli peut être ajouté en face externe pour gérer des exigences aérodynamiques et/ou comme support de la fonction de chauffage pour le dégivrage.
Les plis apportant les propriétés mécaniques sont appelés les plis structuraux : ils sont soit :
- deux plis de verre à haute contrainte à rupture ; soit
- deux ou plus de plis en matériau polymère : poly(méthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA) de coulée (en anglais « as cast ») ou étiré, polycarbonate (PC), polyuréthane (PU).
Le gain de masse est une exigence permanente de l’industrie aéronautique. Les vitrages à deux plis structuraux de verre d’une part, de PMMA étiré d’autre part, permettent d’accéder à des masses sensiblement similaires de vitrage feuilleté.
Les vitrages en polycarbonate permettent une réduction de masse, mais le polycarbonate a par ailleurs de nombreux défauts :
- forte sensibilité à la rayure ;
- dégradation continue des performances mécaniques dans le temps ;
- jaunissement sous rayonnement UV ; - tendance au délaminage ;
- défaillance par fatigue (aux alternances d’augmentations et diminutions de pression) au niveau des attachements (trous dans la feuille de PC pour le boulonnage) ;
- module élastique plus faible qui entraîne des déformations importantes des vitrages sous les effets de la pressurisation avion.
Lors de l’impact d’un oiseau, le vitrage est fléchi localement, ce qui induit des contraintes sur les vitrages. C'est la surface la plus éloignée du choc qui reçoit les contraintes les plus élevées pouvant engendrer la rupture du pli structural intérieur du vitrage feuilleté avion. Au contraire le pli structural extérieur est très peu sollicité en extension voire est mis en compression, ce qui le préserve. Dans la direction du choc à l’oiseau, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur de l’avion, le bloc structural du vitrage feuilleté est soumis à des contraintes en compression puis à des contraintes en extension, les deux types de contraintes étant séparés par un plan dit de « fibre neutre » (charge nulle) au sein du bloc structural.
L’invention a pour objectif de combiner deux feuilles structurales pour repousser la limite de rupture du vitrage feuilleté au choc à l’oiseau. Cet objectif est atteint par l’invention qui, en conséquence, a pour objet un vitrage feuilleté pour un véhicule ou un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure et une feuille de verre structurale extérieure d’épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 20 mm ayant une contrainte à rupture de 350 à 1000 MPa aux caractéristiques de sollicitation d’un choc oiseau.
L’invention consiste en la réalisation d’un bloc structural formé d’un verre à haute contrainte à rupture en face la plus extérieure du bloc structural et d’un matériau polymère placé en face interne du vitrage et caractérisé par un faible module élastique.
Le verre a un haut module élastique de l’ordre de 70GPa environ, très supérieur à celui des matériaux polymères (quelques GPa dans les conditions de sollicitation d’un choc oiseau). C’est donc le verre qui régit principalement les déformations du vitrage.
Par rapport à un vitrage à deux verres structuraux, la fibre neutre (de charge nulle) est déplacée vers l’extérieur du bloc structural en position de montage du vitrage feuilleté, plus précisément à l’intérieur du verre structural extérieur: sa charge est donc accrue. En d’autres termes, la feuille de verre structurale extérieure est ici contrainte en extension. La feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure est peu déformée grâce à la raideur du verre. Par ailleurs, du fait de son faible module élastique, le matériau polymère demande de plus grandes déformations que le verre pour se charger.
Grâce à l’invention, il est possible d’optimiser la masse du vitrage feuilleté en cherchant à atteindre simultanément la limite à rupture sur le verre et sur le matériau polymère, ce qui est impossible quand les deux plis structuraux sont de même nature.
Par rapport à un vitrage feuilleté avion dans lequel les deux plis structuraux seraient en verre ou en PMMA, celui de l’invention procure à la fois des performances meilleures au choc à l’oiseau, notamment, et un gain de masse du bloc structural de l’ordre de 20 % par exemple.
L’encapsulation totale de la feuille de verre structurale extérieure autorise le choix de renforcements chimiques superficiels permettant d’accéder à des niveaux de renforcement plus élevés que les verres à renforcement profond. On précise que le renforcement profond permet d’éviter la perte des performances mécaniques par rayure de la surface, qui ne peut pas se produire en cas d’encapsulation.
Selon d’autres caractéristiques du vitrage feuilleté de l’invention :
la feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure est en poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) étiré ou non étiré, en polyuréthane (PU) structural ou en polycarbonate (PC), d’épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 22 mm ;
- la feuille de verre structurale extérieure est en verre sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate; la feuille de verre structurale extérieure est renforcée chimiquement ; le renforcement chimique consiste par exemple en la substitution d’ions sodium par des ions potassium, ou d’ions lithium par des ions sodium, c’est-à-dire chaque fois par des ions plus gros, à la surface des feuilles de verre; c’est ce qui augmente leur contrainte de compression de surface et leur contrainte à rupture ;
les feuilles structurales intérieure et extérieure sont collées l’une à l’autre par l’intermédiaire d’une première couche adhésive intercalaire d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 5, de préférence entre 1 ,8 et 3,2 mm ; le vitrage feuilleté comprend, du côté de la feuille de verre structurale extérieure opposé à la feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure, une feuille de verre extérieure d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm ; cette feuille de verre extérieure, fine et non structurale, constitue la surface extérieure du vitrage feuilleté, en contact avec l’atmosphère extérieure ;
la feuille de verre extérieure est de type sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate ; la feuille de verre extérieure est semi-trempée ou renforcée chimiquement ;
la feuille de verre extérieure est collée à la feuille de verre structurale extérieure par l’intermédiaire d’une seconde couche adhésive intercalaire d’épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 12, de préférence 3 et 7 mm ;
la face de la feuille de verre extérieure orientée vers la feuille de verre structurale extérieure supporte un réseau de fils chauffants et/ou une couche électroconductrice chauffante ; fils de cuivre, couche d’oxyde d’indium dopé à l’étain ITO (en anglais : « indium tin oxide »), reliés à une alimentation électrique par l’intermédiaire de collecteurs (en anglais « bus-bars ») ; ce positionnement de la fonction de chauffage procure le dégivrage de la surface du vitrage feuilleté en contact avec l’atmosphère extérieure, dans toutes les conditions d’utilisation, en minimisant la puissance électrique requise (proximité du givre) ;
une face de la feuille structurale intérieure ou extérieure supporte un réseau de fils chauffants et/ou une couche électroconductrice chauffante tels que décrits ci-dessus ; ce positionnement de la fonction de chauffage procure le désembuage de la surface du vitrage feuilleté en contact avec l’atmosphère du cockpit de l’avion ;
- la face de la feuille de verre extérieure opposée à la feuille de verre structurale extérieure affleure à la structure de montage ; en d’autres termes, cette face est dans la continuité de la structure (carlingue de l’avion) ; une fonction essentielle de la feuille de verre extérieure est la performance aérodynamique de l’avion, et dans une moindre mesure la fonction d’aspect ;
- une couche adhésive intercalaire comprend un polyvinylbutyral (PVB), un polyuréthane (PU), un copolymère éthylène - acétate de vinyle (EVA) ou similaire ;
- le vitrage feuilleté est bombé (concavité vers l’intérieur du véhicule ou du bâtiment en position de montage) ;
- une feuille de renforcement est insérée entre les feuilles de verre structurales intérieure et extérieure, sur une partie au moins d’une zone périphérique du vitrage feuilleté ; il s’agit d’une bande de matériau de renforcement tel que métallique, composite à fibre (Kevlar® ou similaire), selon une partie significative de la zone périphérique du vitrage feuilleté ; cette feuille de renforcement est soumise à la contrainte locale appliquée par le presse-glace et qui risquerait de casser localement le verre structural extérieur en petits morceaux ; la feuille de renforcement évite le déchirement de la couche adhésive intercalaire au niveau de la limite de contact entre presse-glace et vitrage. L’invention a d’autre part pour objet l’application d’un vitrage feuilleté tel que décrit ci-dessus dans l’aéronautique, en particulier comme vitrage d’avion commercial, régional ou d’affaire soumis aux exigences de tenue au choc à l’oiseau.
L’invention est maintenant illustrée par l’exemple de réalisation suivant.
Exemple Un vitrage feuilleté de cockpit d’avion commercial pressurisé est constitué, de l’intérieur de l’avion vers l’extérieur :
- d’une feuille structurale intérieure de 10 mm d’épaisseur de PMMA étiré ;
- d’une feuille structurale extérieure de 8mm d’épaisseur de verre
sodocalcique renforcé chimiquement à contrainte à rupture de 500MPa; et
- d’une feuille de verre sodocalcique extérieure de 3 mm d’épaisseur semi- trempée (contrainte de surface de 50 MPa).
Les deux feuilles structurales sont collées par l’intermédiaire d’une couche adhésive intercalaire de PVB de 2 mm d’épaisseur.
La feuille de verre structurale extérieure et la feuille de verre extérieure sont collées par l’intermédiaire d’une couche adhésive intercalaire de PU de 10 mm d’épaisseur. La face de la feuille de verre extérieure orientée vers la feuille de verre structurale extérieure porte une couche chauffante dégivrante d’ITO. C’est notamment le cas d’un vitrage antigivre frontal de cockpit d’avion. Comme précisé ci-dessus, dans le cas d’un vitrage désembuant, la fonction de chauffage peut être supportée par toute surface du bloc structural dans le feuilleté.
La face extérieure de la feuille de verre extérieure affleure à la carlingue de l’avion, environnement de montage du vitrage feuilleté.
Ce vitrage feuilleté présente une résistance améliorée au choc à l’oiseau.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Vitrage feuilleté pour un véhicule ou un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure et une feuille de verre structurale extérieure d’épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 20 mm ayant une contrainte à rupture de 350 à 1000 MPa aux caractéristiques de sollicitation d’un choc oiseau.
2. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure est en poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) étiré ou non étiré, en polyuréthane (PU) structural ou en polycarbonate (PC), d’épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 22 mm.
3. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre structurale extérieure est en verre sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate.
4. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre structurale extérieure est renforcée chimiquement.
5. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les feuilles structurales intérieure et extérieure sont collées l’une à l’autre par l’intermédiaire d’une première couche adhésive intercalaire d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 5, de préférence entre 1 ,8 et 3,2 mm.
6. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend, du côté de la feuille de verre structurale extérieure opposé à la feuille de matériau polymère structurale intérieure, une feuille de verre extérieure d’épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm.
7. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre extérieure est de type sodocalcique ou aluminosilicate.
8. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre extérieure est semi-trempée ou renforcée chimiquement.
9. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la feuille de verre extérieure est collée à la feuille de verre structurale extérieure par l’intermédiaire d’une seconde couche adhésive intercalaire d’épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 12, de préférence 3 et 7 mm.
10. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la face de la feuille de verre extérieure orientée vers la feuille de verre structurale extérieure supporte un réseau de fils chauffants et/ou une couche électroconductrice chauffante.
11. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’une face de la feuille structurale intérieure ou extérieure supporte un réseau de fils chauffants et/ou une couche électroconductrice chauffante.
12. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la face de la feuille de verre extérieure opposée à la feuille de verre structurale extérieure affleure à la structure de montage.
13. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications 5 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu’une couche adhésive intercalaire comprend un polyvinylbutyral, un polyuréthane, un copolymère éthylène - acétate de vinyle ou similaire.
14. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’il est bombé.
15. Vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu’une feuille de renforcement est insérée entre les feuilles de verre structurales intérieure et extérieure, sur une partie au moins d’une zone périphérique du vitrage feuilleté.
16. Application d’un vitrage feuilleté selon l’une des revendications précédentes dans l’aéronautique.
17. Application d’un vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 16 comme vitrage d’avion commercial, régional ou d’affaire soumis aux exigences de tenue au choc à l’oiseau.
EP18833917.0A 2017-12-13 2018-12-11 Vitrage feuillete aeronautique a haute resistance a la rupture au choc a l'oiseau Withdrawn EP3723979A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1762049A FR3074721B1 (fr) 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Vitrage feuillete aeronautique a haute resistance a la rupture au choc a l'oiseau
PCT/FR2018/053207 WO2019115934A1 (fr) 2017-12-13 2018-12-11 Vitrage feuillete aeronautique a haute resistance a la rupture au choc a l'oiseau

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EP3723979A1 true EP3723979A1 (fr) 2020-10-21

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US (1) US20200384736A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3723979A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20200097743A (fr)
CN (1) CN111433018A (fr)
BR (1) BR112020010169B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3082890A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3074721B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL275067A (fr)
RU (1) RU2771543C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019115934A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4098439A4 (fr) * 2020-01-31 2024-02-21 Agc Inc. Verre feuilleté pour véhicules, automobile et procédé de production de verre feuilleté pour véhicules
FR3132464B1 (fr) * 2022-02-10 2024-01-19 Saint Gobain Vitrage aéronautique dont la totalité de la surface est couverte par un film mince tenace encapsulé dans une couche adhésive intercalaire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2547809B1 (fr) * 1983-06-22 1985-10-18 Saint Gobain Vitrage Vitrage de securite, en particulier vitrage anti-balles
NZ211592A (en) * 1984-04-04 1988-08-30 Pilkington Brothers Plc Impact-resistant glass/polycarbonate laminates
FR2597857A1 (fr) * 1986-04-29 1987-10-30 Champeau Andre Materiau composite transparent de protection aux chocs et panneau de protection realise a l'aide d'un tel materiau
GB9011855D0 (en) * 1990-05-26 1990-07-18 Triplex Aircraft Aircraft windshield
JP2006083043A (ja) * 2004-09-17 2006-03-30 Hitachi Ltd ガラス材とその製造方法
DE102012215864A1 (de) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 Schott Ag Transparentes durchschusshemmendes Laminat
DE102013214426A1 (de) * 2013-07-24 2015-01-29 Schott Ag Verbundelement und dessen Verwendung
DE102013114225B4 (de) * 2013-12-17 2017-03-16 Schott Ag Chemisch vorspannbares Glas und daraus hergestelltes Glaselement
FR3027185B1 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2021-04-30 Saint Gobain Vitrage chauffant et de blindage electromagnetique
FR3029836B1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2016-12-23 Saint Gobain Feuillete d'une feuille de materiau polymere epais et d'une feuille de verre mince
FR3031065B1 (fr) * 2014-12-29 2019-08-30 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitrage feuillete a feuille de verre mince anti-eclat

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RU2771543C2 (ru) 2022-05-05
BR112020010169A2 (pt) 2020-11-03
FR3074721B1 (fr) 2020-03-27
US20200384736A1 (en) 2020-12-10
RU2020121192A3 (fr) 2022-01-13
IL275067A (en) 2020-07-30
CA3082890A1 (fr) 2019-06-20
RU2020121192A (ru) 2022-01-13
WO2019115934A1 (fr) 2019-06-20
KR20200097743A (ko) 2020-08-19
FR3074721A1 (fr) 2019-06-14
CN111433018A (zh) 2020-07-17
BR112020010169B1 (pt) 2023-10-17

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