EP3720505A1 - Vecteurs de molecules pharmacologiquement actives et non hydrosolubles et leur procede de preparation - Google Patents
Vecteurs de molecules pharmacologiquement actives et non hydrosolubles et leur procede de preparationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3720505A1 EP3720505A1 EP18819547.3A EP18819547A EP3720505A1 EP 3720505 A1 EP3720505 A1 EP 3720505A1 EP 18819547 A EP18819547 A EP 18819547A EP 3720505 A1 EP3720505 A1 EP 3720505A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanoplateform
- formula
- active
- linker
- npc2
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
- A61K47/6927—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores
- A61K47/6929—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores the form being a nanoparticle, e.g. an immuno-nanoparticle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/545—Heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
- A61K47/6845—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a cytokine, e.g. growth factors, VEGF, TNF, a lymphokine or an interferon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
- A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0013—Luminescence
- A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
- A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
- A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
- A61K49/0041—Xanthene dyes, used in vivo, e.g. administered to a mice, e.g. rhodamines, rose Bengal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0063—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres
- A61K49/0069—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form
- A61K49/0089—Particulate, powder, adsorbate, bead, sphere
- A61K49/0091—Microparticle, microcapsule, microbubble, microsphere, microbead, i.e. having a size or diameter higher or equal to 1 micrometer
- A61K49/0093—Nanoparticle, nanocapsule, nanobubble, nanosphere, nanobead, i.e. having a size or diameter smaller than 1 micrometer, e.g. polymeric nanoparticle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel vectors of pharmacologically active and non-water soluble molecules with reduced side effects.
- nanoparticles is beginning to gain importance and solves at least one of two problems, in particular the problem of solubility.
- One of the most used antitumour molecules is paclitaxel from the taxane family. This molecule has a solubility of less than 1 mg / l.
- the pharmaceutical formulation of this compound contains excipients such as castor oil to allow its solubilization. These excipients have by themselves a toxicity.
- Table 1 Main means of nanovectorization of antitumor active molecules But these new vectors often meet only one of the two criteria.
- the nanovector from albumin solves the problem of low solubility of the active molecule.
- the binding between the active molecule and the albumin is weak. It is therefore easy to cleave this bond, which implies a risk of release of the active molecule in all parts of the body and therefore significant side effects.
- the nanovector from diamond makes it possible to obtain nanovectors covalently bonded to the active molecule.
- these diamond nanoparticles are not soluble in water. The short- and long-term toxic effects of these hard carbon nanoparticles are unknown.
- One aspect of the invention relates to a novel nanoplateform capable of covalently binding a pharmacologically active molecule, especially antitumor, and non-water soluble, while remaining soluble in water.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a novel nanoplateform comprising a pharmacologically active molecule, in particular antitumor, and which is capable of covalently bonding a fluorophore having an emission wavelength for monitoring the nanoplateform.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a novel nanoplateform comprising a pharmacologically active molecule, in particular an antitumor molecule, which is capable of covalently binding an addressing agent which makes it possible to improve the targeted transport of said pharmacologically active molecule, in particular antitumor , and so to limit the side effects.
- the present invention relates to a pharmacologically active nanoplateform which consists of:
- NPC2 nanoplateform
- NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with M via a linker L,
- NPC2 nanoplate having the following properties:
- the solubility of NPC2 in an aqueous medium is 25 to 500 g / L
- the Young's modulus of NPC2 is from 1 to 4 GPa
- the density of NPC2 is from 1 to 3
- the dry size of NPC2 is 10 to 40 nm
- the hydrodynamic diameter of NPC2 is 10 to 150 nm
- NPC2 is substantially amorphous said NPC2 nanoplate having, on the surface, carboxylic and hydroxylic acid functions and a number of primary amine graft functions of 0.7 to 7 mmol per gram of nanoplate, said pharmacologically active molecule M having a solubility in an aqueous medium of less than 200 mg / l,
- said pharmacologically active nanoplateform having an aqueous solubility of 5 to 500 g / l
- NPC2 is substantially free of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides.
- the active nanoplateforms according to the present invention may contain any pharmacologically active molecules as long as they are not soluble in water but made soluble in water following their binding with the nanoplateform.
- the subject of the present invention is an active nanoplateform which consists of:
- NPC2 nanoplateform
- NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with M via a linker L,
- NPC2 nanoplate having the following properties:
- the solubility of NPC2 in an aqueous medium is 25 to 500 g / L
- the Young's modulus of NPC2 is from 1 to 4 GPa
- the density of NPC2 is from 1 to 3
- the dry size of NPC2 is 10 to 40 nm
- the hydrodynamic diameter of NPC2 is 10 to 150 nm
- NPC2 is substantially amorphous
- NPC2 nanoplate having a number of primary amine functions of surface grafting of 0.7 to 7 mmol per gram of nanoplateform
- said antitumor active molecule M having a solubility in an aqueous medium of less than 200 mg / l
- said active nanoplateform having an aqueous solubility of 5 to 500 g / l, with the proviso that:
- NPC2 is substantially free of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides.
- the subject of the present invention is an active nanoplateform consisting of:
- NPC2 nanoplateform
- NPC2 a nanoplateform comprising or consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in the form of primary amino group (s) and primary alkylamino group (s) of 1 to 10 carbons, in particular of primary amino group (s) and of primary ethylamino group (s),
- NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with M optionally via a linker L, said nanoplateform NPC2 having the following properties:
- the solubility of NPC2 in an aqueous medium is 25 to 500 g / L
- the Young's modulus of NPC2 is from 1 to 4 GPa
- the density of NPC2 is from 1 to 3
- the dry size of NPC2 is 10 to 40 nm
- the hydrodynamic diameter of NPC2 is 10 to 150 nm
- NPC2 is substantially amorphous
- said NPC2 nanoplate having a number of primary amine functions of surface grafting of from 1.4 to 7 mmol per gram of nanoplateform, said antitumor active molecule M having a solubility in aqueous medium of less than 200 mg / L,
- said active nanoplateform having an aqueous solubility of 5 to 500 g / L,
- NPC2 is substantially free of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides.
- the subject of the present invention is an active nanoplateform consisting of:
- NPC2 nanoplateform
- NPC2 a nanoplateform comprising or consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in the form of primary amino group (s) and primary alkylamino group (s) of 1 to 10 carbons, in particular of primary amino group (s) and of primary ethylamino group (s),
- NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with M via a linker L,
- said NPC2 nanoplate having the following properties: the solubility of NPC2 in an aqueous medium is 25 to 500 g / L
- the Young's modulus of NPC2 is from 1 to 4 GPa
- the density of NPC2 is from 1 to 3
- the dry size of NPC2 is 10 to 40 nm
- the hydrodynamic diameter of NPC2 is 10 to 150 nm
- NPC2 is substantially amorphous
- said NPC2 nanoplate having a number of primary amine functions of surface grafting of from 1.4 to 7 mmol per gram of nanoplateform, said antitumor active molecule M having a solubility in aqueous medium of less than 200 mg / L,
- said active nanoplateform having an aqueous solubility of 5 to 500 g / L,
- NPC2 is substantially free of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides
- the aqueous solubility of said antitumor active molecule is less than or equal to 200 mg / L relative to the antitumour active molecule in the uns-salified form
- the optional addressing agent (A) in the active nanoplateform may however be a protein or a peptide.
- the subject of the present invention is an active nanoplateform as described above in which:
- NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with M via a linker L,
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: -NH-, -COO, -NHCO-, -O-, -OCO-, -NHCSNH-, -NHCONH- and -CO-NH-NH-CO-
- R 3 is chosen from: -NH-; -O-
- R 4 is chosen from: -O-, -NHNH-, NH-, in particular via a succinic linker
- nanoplateform is understood to mean a nanoparticle serving as a support and comprising surface grafting functions allowing the grafting of components on the surface, and including the possible fluorophores and addressing agent as long as the active molecule antitumor is not grafted.
- active nanoplateform means a nanoplateform on which the active antitumor molecule is grafted, it being understood that the fluorophore and / or the addressing agent may or may not be present.
- surface grafting functions means functions located on the surface of the nanoplateform capable of covalently binding the molecules of interest to the nanoplateform. These functions are chosen from the primary amine functional groups or the carboxylic acid functions.
- the term "molecules of interest” means the molecules to be grafted to the nanoplateform, that is to say either the active antitumor molecule, the fluorophore if it is present and / or the agent addressing if present.
- substantially amorphous nanoplate means a nanoplateform having no characteristic line on the XRD spectrum, but may contain microcrystalline inclusions not detectable by this method of analysis.
- nanoplateform substantially free of lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides means a nanoplateform containing less than 5% of lipids, less than 5% of nucleic acids, less than % of peptides and less than 5% of proteins by weight, relative to the total weight of the nanoplateform.
- the active nanoplateforms according to the present invention have the advantage of being nanovectors of antitumor active molecules capable of solubilizing said insoluble molecules thanks to the own solubility of the nanoplateform.
- the active nanoplateforms according to the present invention have the advantage of having covalent bonds between the nanoplateform and the molecules attached thereto.
- the interest is to be able to control the release or non-release of the molecules of interest attached to the active nanoplateform.
- nanoplateforms according to the present invention comprise:
- an active antitumor molecule an addressing agent and a fluorophore.
- the active nanoplateforms according to the present invention have the advantage of being flexible. It is thus possible to graft different molecules according to the functions that it is desired to be filled by the active nanoplateforms. Thus, if it is desired that the antitumor activating molecule targets a particular cell type, it is possible to attach an addressant to the active nanoplateform particularly targeting the relevant cells. But if we want the whole body is targeted, the absence of addressing agent removes the discriminating nature of the active nanoplateforme.
- the active nanoplateforms according to the present invention are soluble in an aqueous medium, which makes it possible to dispense with the addition of toxic solvents, and are capable of efficiently transporting the active antitumour molecule to a destination targeted by the addressing agent ( if it is present), and thus increase the selectivity of the active molecule.
- the nanoplateforms according to the present invention make it possible to overcome the two main causes of the side effects of antitumor treatments known to date.
- the functional grafting functions at the surface of the active nanoplateform as described above comprise NH 2 OR groups consisting of NH 2 groups, said surface grafting functions being capable of being bound by covalent bonds to M and / or F and / or A, the level of bonded grafting functions being from about 50% to about 100% of the total surface grafting functions of the NPC 2 nanoplate.
- bonded grafting function is understood to mean a grafting function on the surface of the nanoplateform onto which is grafted a compound that can be either a linker or a molecule of interest.
- linker means a compound capable of covalently binding the nanoplateform and the molecules of interest.
- the linkers are identical or different depending on the molecules of interest.
- linker is an anglicism corresponding to the term “linker”.
- non-water-soluble pharmacologically active molecule means all the pharmacologically active molecules whose solubility in aqueous medium is equal to or less than 200 mg per liter. Said solubility is relative to the pharmacologically active molecules in their uns-salified form.
- pharmacologically active compounds can be used in the form of salts during the grafting process.
- the term "rate of grafting functions related" the ratio between the number of grafting functions effectively linked and the number of grafting functions present on the surface.
- the molecules of interest that are linked to the nanoplateform are linked to amine functions. These functions are the most reactive in the case of this invention. These functions bind more easily than carboxylic acid functions.
- Said amine functions are located on the surface of the nanoparticle as exemplified in formula AAA below.
- NP C represents here the core of the NPC 2 nanoplate without the grafting functions located on the surface.
- the nanoplateform of the AAA formula carries "primary amine” (-NH 2 ) functions as well as “ethylamino” functions (-CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 ).
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises a fluorophore F, and NPC 2 is linked by covalent bonds with F via an I_F linker.
- the nanoplate is bonded with an antitumor active molecule and with a fluorophore.
- This fluorophore makes it possible to follow the evolution of the active nanoplate to which it is linked in the body, in particular in wavelengths adapted to the biology.
- the covalent bonds bind the nanoplate with the fluorophore and prevent the accumulation of fluorophore in the host organism.
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises an addressing agent A, and NPC2 is linked by covalent bonds with A, via a linker L A.
- the nanoplate is bound with an antitumor active molecule and with an addressing agent.
- This targeting agent makes it possible to target the cells or organs that must be targeted by the treatment.
- This targeting agent can be an antibody, a peptide or a small molecule that binds receptors highly expressed by the cells of the blood-brain barrier, tumor cells or that target neo-angiogenesis (LDLR, receptor transferrin, EGFR, VEGF ). It may be, for example, peptides RGD, TAT, angiopep-2, or anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF antibodies.
- the active nanoplateforme as described above comprises a fluorophore F, and an addressing agent A, and NPC2 is bound by covalent bonds via a linker L F F NPC2 and is bound by covalent bonds with A via a linker L A.
- the nanoplate is bonded with an antitumor active molecule, an addressant and also a fluorophore.
- This nanoplateform makes it possible to target the place of accumulation and action of the active nanoplate by means of the addressing agent, and to follow the evolution in the body of the active nanoplateform thanks to the fluorophore, by fluorescence imaging.
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises a fluorescent NPC2 nanoplate.
- Example 1.1 not very favorable to biological imaging. It is for this reason that a fluorophore emitting at a favorable wavelength for living imaging, typically the near infrared (700 nm ⁇ max ⁇ 1000 nm), can be attached to the fluorescent active nanoplateform.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula I
- NP C represents the core of the NPC 2 nanoplate with no surface grafting functions, NPC 2 having the above meaning
- L f , L and L A represent the linkers linking via covalent bonds the core of the NP C nanoplate with the compounds F, M and A of Formula II, Formula IIa and Formula Mb,
- T F , T and T A represent the grafting functions of the NPC 2 nanoplate after their integration into the L F , L and LA linkers,
- Z F , Z and Z A represent the binding functions of the linkers L F , L and L A after their bonding to the grafting functions T F , T and T A ,
- R F , R and R A represent the functional chains of the linkers L F , L and L a ,
- Q F , Q and Q A represent the binding functions of the linkers L F , L and L A after their binding on the fluorophore, the antitumour active molecule and the addressing agent,
- L x linkers can take two types of organization:
- linker which is not composed solely of the grafting function of NPC2 is to be able to use it for the grafting of the active antitumor molecule by another covalent bond.
- the active nanoplateforme contains a fluorophore and an antitumor active molecule
- the active nanoplateform can take 18 configurations:
- long linker means a linker formed by the addition of a linker precursor and which does not contain only the grafting function derived from the nanoplateform.
- I, I F and I A are equal to 1.
- short linker means a linker formed solely by the grafting function derived from the nanoplateform.
- I, I F and I A are equal to 0.
- Case 18 there is neither fluorophore nor addressing agent. This means that the linkers corresponding to these two molecules of interest are also absent. The linker of the active antitumor molecule is marked short. Case 18 therefore corresponds to the simplest case where only the active antitumour molecule is present.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula III,
- NP C , T, Z, R, Q, M and I have the meanings stated above.
- the active nanoplateform can take two configurations of Table 2, configurations 9 and 18.
- the active nanoplateform contains only the active antitumor molecule, without fluorophore, and without an addressing agent.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula IV,
- the active nanoplateform is such that the configuration 9 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises only an active molecule covalently linked to a nanoplateform via a long linker.
- This type of configuration may be interesting in the case of a very weakly water-soluble active molecule. Indeed, it is possible to add a hydrophilic linker between the nanoplateform and the active molecule. This can help the solubilization of the active nanoplateform, especially in the case where the grafting rate of the active antitumor molecule is high (close to 100%).
- grafting rate of the active antitumor molecule the ratio between the number of grafting functions related to an antitumor active molecule and the number of grafting functions present on the surface of NPC2.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula
- the active nanoplateform can take the configurations 3.6 12 and 15 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, and a fluorophore, without an addressing agent.
- the linkers are either in long configuration or in short configuration.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula
- the active nanoplateform follows configuration 6 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, and a fluorophore, without an addressing agent.
- the active molecule is linked via a long linker, while the fluorophore is linked via a short linker to the nanoplate.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula
- the active nanoplateform can take configurations 7, 8, 16 and 17 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, and an addressant, without a fluorophore.
- the linkers are either in long configuration or in short configuration.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula
- the active nanoplateform follows configuration 7 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, and an addressant, without a fluorophore.
- the active molecule and the addressing agent are respectively linked via two long linkers, which may be different from each other, on the nanoplateform.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula IX,
- the active nanoplateform can take the configurations 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13 and 14 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, an addressing agent, and a fluorophore.
- the linkers are either in long configuration or in short configuration for each of the molecules of interest.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula
- NP C , T, T F , T A , Z, Z F , Z a , R, R F , R A , Q, Q F , Q A , F, M and A have the meanings stated above.
- the active nanoplateform follows configuration 1 of Table 2.
- the active nanoplateform comprises an antitumor active molecule, an addressing agent, and a fluorophore.
- the active molecule, the addressing agent and the fluorophore are respectively bound on the nanoplateform via long linkers, which may be different from each other.
- the subject of the invention is an active nanoplateform in which said antitumor active molecule M is chosen from taxanes or anthracyclines.
- Taxanes include paclitaxel (known under the trade name Taxol ® ) and docetaxel (known under the trade name Taxotere ® ).
- Taxol ® paclitaxel
- Taxotere ® docetaxel
- the anthracyclines mention may be made of epirubicin, pirarubicin, idarubicin, zorubicin, aclarubicin and especially doxorubicin.
- the invention relates to an active nanoplateform in which said antitumor active molecule M is chosen from taxanes such as paclitaxel or anthracyclines such as doxorubicin.
- the invention relates to an active nanoplateform in which said antitumor active molecule M is paclitaxel or doxorubicin.
- the subject of the invention is an active nanoplateform in which said antitumor active molecule M is paclitaxel.
- the subject of the invention is an active nanoplateform in which said antitumor active molecule M is doxorubicin.
- the active molecule being selected from the water-insoluble antitumour active molecules
- the active nanoplateform makes it possible to render the said antitumor active molecules much more soluble in water, which makes it possible to improve their transport in the blood up to to the action areas.
- paclitaxel an active molecule of the taxane family
- the solubility of the corresponding active nanoplateform is at least 6.6 g / L.
- the active molecule content of the active nanoplateform is from 10 to 150 mg per gram of active nanoplateforms, in particular from 30 to 100 mg / g, and more particularly to 45 mg / g.
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises a fluorophore F, chosen from Rhodamine B, Fluorescein isocyanate, Lucifer Yellow cadaverine, the Alexa Fluor family or the NIR cyanine family.
- the fluorophore may also be fluorescein.
- the fluorophore is chosen from a set of fluorophores that can be grafted onto the nanoplateform.
- the choice of the fluorophore is based on the emission spectrum of the chosen fluorophore, or possibly the absorption spectrum.
- Table 3 Emission spectrum of the various fluorophores that can be used.
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises an addressing agent A, chosen from the antibodies or the vector peptides, in particular an antibody targeting the EGF receptors, the RGD peptide or a peptide targeting LDLR.
- Addressing agent A may also be cetuximab.
- the addressing agent is selected from a set of proteins that can direct the active nanoplate to its target, and thus allow the release of the active molecule on the preselected target.
- the active nanoplateform as described above comprises L, L F and L A linkers chosen from the compounds of Formula XI.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from: -NH-, -COO, -NHCO-, -O-, -OCO-, -NHCSNH-, -NHCONH- and -CO-NH-NH-CO-
- R 3 is chosen from: -NH-; -O-
- R 4 is selected from: -O-, -NHNH-, NH-
- the linkers are selected according to several criteria: The nature of the bonds to be formed with between the molecules of interest and the nanoplate
- Table 4 describes a set of links that can serve as links
- NP C , T, T F , T A , Z, Z F , Z A , R, R F , R A , Q, Q F and Q A have the meanings given in formula I.
- the subject of the invention is a nanoplateform in which the bond between said antitumor active molecule M and said linker L, or said nanoplateform NPC2, is cleavable under pH conditions of 2 to 8, in particular 4 at 8 and preferably from 4 to 7.5.
- the pH conditions according to the invention in which the bond is cleavable are pH conditions of 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7; 7.5 and / or 8.
- the bond between the active molecule and the nanoplate is cleavable under the conditions chosen, which makes it possible to release the active molecule.
- a toxic antitumour active molecule which is nontoxic when it is bound to the nanoplateform and which becomes toxic again, especially for tumor cells, during its release after cleavage.
- This embodiment makes it possible to limit the side effects of the active antitumor molecule, by limiting the toxicity of the active molecule during its transport.
- the active nanoplateform as described above is of Formula XII or of Formula XI IA,
- the nanoplate is bound to a fluorophore (Rhodamine B), which makes it possible to follow the evolution of the nanoplateform by fluorescence in the field of the orange.
- This fluorophore is directly bound on the nanoplateform via a short linker comprising only a primary amine grafting function.
- the nanoplate is also bound to the antitumor active molecule, in this case paclitaxel, via a long linker comprising a primary amine grafting function and a compound terminated by a carboxylic acid function which after binding to the antitumor active molecule becomes an ester function.
- the active nanoplateform obtained has two different bonds, respectively for the fluorophore and for the active antitumor molecule. So the cleavage conditions of these two molecules of interest are different, which allows the release of one (the active antitumor molecule) without necessarily releasing the other (the fluorophore).
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing an active nanoplateform as described above comprising a step of grafting an active antitumor molecule:
- NPC 2 , L and M have the meanings of Formula I
- an active nanoplateform consisting of a nanoplateform covalently bonded to said antitumor active molecule.
- the linker can be:
- the synthesis method preferably provides, in the case where a linker precursor is present, to first bind this precursor to the nanoplate before binding the antitumor active molecule.
- the method of preparation as described above comprises, before the step of grafting an active antitumor molecule, a step of binding a fluorophore:
- NPC 2 , L F and F have the meanings of Formula I
- the method of preparation as described above comprises, before the step of grafting an active antitumor molecule, a step of refonalisation of an initial nanoplateform
- an initial nanoplateform By bringing an initial nanoplateform into contact with an organic amine of the diamino-alkane type having two amine functional groups. preferably two primary amine and / or secondary functions and even more preferably two primary amine functions to increase the level of grafting functions comprising amine groups on the surface of said nanoplateform and thus obtain a refocused nanoplateform, followed by
- the organic molecule is an ⁇ - ⁇ -diaminoalkane of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, having two primary amine functional groups, in particular 1,2-ethylenediamine.
- the term "refunctionalization” means a step of transformation of the grafting functions at the surface of the nanoplateform, which are not usable for the grafting of the molecules of interest, in particular the acidic, amide, or alcohols and convertible by reaction sites carrying various functions usable for the aforesaid grafting and in particular a primary amine function.
- the initial nanoplateform is refunctionalized to increase the rate of primary amine grafting functions at the surface of the nanoplateform.
- amine grafting functions already exist. It is therefore possible to use these grafting functions to graft the molecules of interest. It is also possible to use different grafting functions of the amine functions. The refunctionalization step is therefore only an optimization of the possible charge in amine grafting functions of the nanoplateform.
- the method of preparation as described above comprises, after the step of grafting an active antitumor molecule, a step of binding an addressing agent:
- NPC 2 , L A , M and A have the meanings of Formula I,
- an active nanoplateform consisting of a nanoplateform covalently linked to said antitumor active molecule M and linked to said addressant agent A.
- the method of preparation as described above comprises the following steps:
- a nanoplateform By contacting a nanoplateform with an organic molecule of the aw diaminoalkane type comprising two amine functions, preferably two primary and / or secondary amine functional groups and even more preferably two primary amine functions, in order to increase the rate of grafting functions comprising amine groups on the surface of said nanoplateform and thus obtaining an optionally reconditioned nanoplateform, b. a possible step of binding a fluorophore,
- an active nanoplateform consisting of a nanoplateform covalently bonded to said antitumor active molecule M, optionally reconditioned, optionally linked to said fluorophore F and possibly linked to said addressing agent A.
- the possible agent for addressing agent is a vector peptide.
- the organic molecule is a diamine-alkane of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, having two primary amine functional groups, in particular 1,2-ethylenediamine.
- the subject of the present invention comprises a refunctionalization step.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for preparing an active nanoplateform as described above, comprising the following steps: a. a step of refonalisation of a nanoplateform,
- nanoplateform By contacting a nanoplateform with an organic molecule of the aw diaminoalkane type with 1 to 10 carbon atoms carbon, comprising two primary amine functions, in particular 1, 2-ethylenediamine, to increase the level of grafting functions comprising amine groups on the surface of said nanoplateform and thus obtain a refunctionalized nanoplateform,
- NPC2, L F , L, L A , F, M and A have the meanings set forth above to obtain an active nanoplateform consisting of a nanoplateform covalently bound to said reactive antitumor molecule M, refunctionalized, possibly bound to said fluorophore F and linked to said addressing agent A, said addressing agent being an antibody.
- the synthesis method according to the present invention has the advantage of being flexible. It is possible to modify:
- the fluorescence of the active nanoplateform in particular the color of this fluorescence,
- B and d are real numbers between 0 and 1 respectively corresponding to the rate of refunctionalization of the COOFI grafting functions to NH 2 at the rate of refunctionalization of the OH grafting functions in NH 2,
- the grafting functions T F , T and T A are chosen from the grafting functions of the nanoplateform of Formula b (NH 2 , COOH, OH),
- Formula B Formula C Formula D c. a step of grafting an antitumour active molecule by the possible contacting of said Formula D nanoplate with a linker precursor L 'of Formula 2
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula D Formula E Formula F d. a possible step of binding an addressing agent by the possible bringing into contact of said active nanoplateform of Formula F with a linker precursor L A 'of Formula 3
- Formula B and Formula B are two different scripts of the same NPC2 nanoplate.
- the grafting functions T, T A and T F are chosen from the grafting functions available on the surface of the nanoplateform of Formula b, namely NHI 2 and COOH.
- step a in the above process is
- an organic molecule of the type an organic molecule of the aw diaminocane type of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, comprising two primary amine functions, in particular 1,2-ethylenediamine, to obtain an NPC2 nanoplateform of Formula bb or of Formula B,
- B is a real number from 0 to 1 corresponding to the refoncalization rate of the COOFI grafting functions in NHI 2
- the grafting functions T F , T and T A are chosen from the grafting functions of the nanoplateform of Formula bb (Alkyl-NH 2 , NHI 2 , COOH),
- Formula bb and Formula B are two different scripts of the same NPC2 nanoplate.
- the grafting functions T, T A and T F are chosen from the grafting functions available on the surface of the nanoplateform of Formula b, namely NH 2 and COOH.
- refoncalization with 1,2-ethylenediamine results in a structure of formula b-b in which the alkyl group is ethyl.
- an additional step of synthesizing the initial nanoplate can be performed.
- the linker obtained as a result of the binding of this precursor on the nanoplateform is a long linker.
- the resulting linker is a short linker.
- b and d are respectively the rate of refunctionalization of the COOFI grafting functions in NFi 2 and the rate of refoncalization of OFI grafting functions to NFI2, where b and d are real numbers greater than 0,
- the grafting functions T F , T and T A are chosen from the grafting functions of the nanoplateform of Formula b, in particular NFI2, b. a step of binding a fluorophore by the possible bringing into contact of a linker precursor L F 'of Formula 1,
- step b taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula H Formula J Formula K c. a step of grafting an antitumor active molecule by the possible bringing into contact of said nanoplateform of Formula K with a linker precursor L 'of Formula 2
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula K Formula L Formula M d. a possible step of binding an addressing agent by the possible bringing into contact of said active nanoplateform of Formula M with a linker precursor L A 'of Formula 3,
- the refoncalization step is not total. There may remain OFI and COOFI grafting functions on the surface of the nanoplate.
- Formula b and Formula H are two different scripts of the same NPC2 nanoplate.
- the grafting functions T, T A and T F are chosen from the grafting functions available on the surface of the nanoplateform of Formula b, namely NH 2 , OH and COOH.
- step a in the above process is:
- B is the refoncalization rate of the COOH grafting functions in NH 2 , b being a real number greater than 0,
- the grafting functions T F , T and T A are chosen from the grafting functions of the nanoplateform of Formula bb, in particular NH 2 or Alkyl-NH 2 ,
- the refoncalization step is not total. There may remain OH and COOH grafting functions on the surface of the nanoplate.
- Formula bb and Formula H are two different scripts of the same NPC 2 nanoplate.
- the grafting functions T, T A and T F are chosen from the grafting functions available on the surface of the nanoplateform of Formula bb, ie NH 2 , COOH.
- step b taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula H Formula O Formula P c. a step of grafting an active antitumor molecule by contacting said nanoplateform of Formula P with a linker precursor L 'of Formula 2
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula P Formula Q Formula R d. a step of binding an addressing agent by bringing said active nanoplateform of Formula R into contact with a linker precursor L a 'of Formula 3
- the three molecules of interest are respectively linked by long linkers to the nanoplate, the three linkers may be identical or different to each other as required for the active nanoplateforms.
- step a in the above process is: a step of refoncalization by contacting an NPCi nanoplateform of Formula a-b,
- an organic molecule of the aw diaminoalkane type having two amine functional groups, preferably two primary and / or secondary amine functional groups and even more preferably two primary amine functional groups, to obtain an NPC 2 nanoplateform of Formula b or of Formula T,
- step b taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula T Formula U c. a step of grafting an antitumor active molecule by contacting said nanoplateform of Formula U with a linker precursor L 'of Formula 2
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- step a in the above process is: a refunctionalization step by contacting an NPC1 nanoplate of Formula ab,
- an organic ⁇ -diaminoalkane-type molecule of 1 to 10 carbon atoms comprising two primary amine functional groups, in particular 1,2-ethylenediamine, to obtain an NPC2 nanoplateform of Formula b-b or of Formula T,
- Formula a with an organic molecule of the aw diaminoalkane type having two amine functional groups, preferably two primary and / or secondary amine functional groups and even more preferably two primary amine functional groups, to obtain an NPC 2 nanoplateform of Formula b or of Formula Y,
- step b taking place according to the following diagram
- step a in the above process is:
- Formula a-b with an organic ⁇ -diaminoalkane-type molecule of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, comprising two primary amine functional groups, in particular 1,2-ethylenediamine, to obtain an NPC2 nanoplateform of Formula b-b or of Formula Y,
- an organic molecule of the aw diaminoalkane type comprising two amine functional groups, preferably two primary and / or secondary amine functions and even more preferably two primary amine functional groups, to obtain an NPC 2 nanoplateform of Formula b or of Formula AA,
- step b taking place according to the following diagram
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- step a in the above process is:
- the method of preparation as described above comprises before the possible step of reconditioning an NPC1 nanoplate,
- the initial nanoplateform (NPC1) is synthesized from organic molecules that can be biosourced. This synthesis makes it possible to obtain the nanoplateforms directly. If there is no stage of refonctionnalisation, the nanoplateforms obtained following this synthesis are those used to graft the molecules of interest.
- the method of preparation as described above comprises before the possible step of refocusing an NPCi nanoplate,
- the initial nanoplateform (NPCi) is synthesized from organic molecules that can be biosourced. This synthesis makes it possible to obtain the nanoplateforms directly.
- the method of preparation as described above comprises,
- the method of preparation as described above comprises,
- nanoplateform NPC1 of Formula ab by contacting said nanoplateform NPC1 of Formula ab with an excess of 1, 2-ethylenediamine at a temperature of 100 to 180 ° C for 2 to 24 hours, especially 12 hours, to obtain a nanoplateform NPC2 of Formula b.
- the alkyl group is: ethyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -).
- the initial nanoplate (NPCi) after being synthesized is refunctionalized with an amino compound to increase the number of primary amine grafting functions on the surface of the nanoplate.
- This step can be carried out with a primary diamine.
- This primary diamine may be 1,2-diaminoethane (1,2-ethylenediamine), 1,3-diaminopropane or 1,4-diaminobutane.
- the rate of refonalisation is 95%.
- Formula a b a step of refonalisation of said NPCi nanoplateform of Formula a, by contacting said nanoplateform NPCi with Formula (a) with an excess of 1, 2-ethylenediamine at a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C for 2 to 24 hours, especially 12 hours, to obtain an NPC 2 nanoplateform of Formula b or of Formula AE,
- Formula a Formula b c a step of binding a fluorophore by bringing into contact a fluorophore F consisting of Rhodamine B, with said nanoplateform NPC 2 of Formula AE,
- step c taking place according to the following diagram
- Formula AE Formula AF d. a step of grafting an antitumor active molecule by contacting said nanoplateform of Formula AF with a linker precursor L ', of the succinic anhydride and a base, of Na 2 CO 3 , to obtain the Formula nanoplateform AG
- Formula ab b a step of refoncalization of said NPCi nanoplateform of Formula ab, by contacting said NPCi nanoplateform of Formula ab with an excess of 1,2-ethylenediamine at a temperature of 100 to 180 ° C for 2 to 24 hours, in particular 12 hours, to obtain a nanoplateform NPC 2 of formula bb or of Formula AE,
- Formula ab Formula bb c a step of binding a fluorophore by bringing into contact a fluorophore F consisting of Rhodamine B, with said nanoplateform NPC 2 of Formula AE,
- step c taking place according to the following diagram NH - Rhodamine B Rhodamine B i -NH 2
- Formula AE Formula AF d. a step of grafting an antitumour active molecule by contacting said nanoplateform of Formula AF with a linker precursor L ', succinic anhydride and a base, in particular sodium carbonate or diisopropylethylamine, to obtain the nanoplateform of Formula AG
- the invention relates to an active nanoplateform in which the NPC2 nanoplateform
- the invention relates to an active nanoplateform in which the NPC2 nanoplateform
- the present invention also relates to the use of the active nanoplateform previously described as a medicament.
- the present invention also relates to the active nanoplateform previously described for its use as a medicament.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active nanoplateform described above in combination with a pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
- the subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active nanoplateform described above, wherein said antitumor active molecule M is chosen from taxanes or anthracyclines, and in combination with a pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active nanoplateform described above wherein said antitumor active molecule M is paclitaxel or doxorubicin, and in combination with a pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active nanoplateform described above wherein said antitumor active molecule M is paclitaxel, and in combination with a pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active nanoplateform as described above, wherein said antitumor active molecule M is chosen from taxanes, more particularly paclitaxel and docetaxel or from anthracyclines, more particularly epirubicin, pirarubicin, idarubicin, zorubicin, aclarubicin and doxorubicin and said active nanoplateform being in association with a pharmacologically acceptable excipient.
- compositions according to the invention advantageously comprise one or more excipients or vehicles, which are pharmaceutically acceptable.
- excipients or vehicles which are pharmaceutically acceptable.
- the compositions may contain one or more agents or vehicles selected from dispersants, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, etc.
- Agents or vehicles that can be used in formulations include methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbate 80, mannitol, gelatin, lactose, acacia, etc.
- the compositions may be formulated as injectable solutions or suspensions, gels, tablets, powders, capsules, capsules, etc.
- the invention which contains, for example, 45 mg of paclitaxel per g of NPC2 (NMR data), also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition formulated in unit dose comprising from 1 g to 15 g of active nanoplate, in particular from 3 g to 12.5 g of active nanoplateforms and preferably from 5 g to 10 g of active nanoplateforms .
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated in unit dose of 1; 1, 5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7; 7.5; 8; 8.5; 9; 9.5; 10; 10.5; 11; 1 1, 5; 12; 12.5; 13; 13.5; 14; 14.5 and / or 15 g of active nanoplateforms.
- the subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition formulated at a dose of active nanoplateforms of 20 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg of body weight (or from 0.88 g / m 2 to 8.8 g / kg of body weight). m 2 of body surface area).
- the subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition formulated at a dose of active nanoplateforms of from 20 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg of body weight, in particular from 40 mg / kg to 180 mg / kg, particularly from 60 mg / kg to 160 mg / kg and preferably 80 mg / kg to 140 mg / kg.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated in a unit dose of 20; 25; 30 ; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55; 60; 65; 70; 75; 80; 85; 90; 95; 100; 105; 110; 115; 120; 125; 130; 135; 140; 145; 150; 155; 160; 165; 170; 175; 180; 185; 190; 195 and / or 200 mg / kg of active nanoplateforms.
- the subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition formulated at a dose of active nanoplate of from 0.88 g / m 2 to 8.8 g / m 2 of body surface, in particular from 1 g / m 2 to 8 g / m 2 , particularly from 3 g / m 2 to 6 g / m 2 and preferably from 3 g / m 2 to 6 g / m 2 .
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated in unit dose of 0.88; 1; 1, 5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4.5; 5; 5.5; 6; 6.5; 7; 7.5; 8; 8.5 and / or
- the subject of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition formulated to be administrable by any appropriate route of administration, in particular enterally or parenterally.
- enteral routes include intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, intrathecal injection or intratumoral injection.
- parenteral routes include intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, intrathecal injection or intratumoral injection.
- the vaginal, nasal, pulmonary, atrial, ophthalmic or transdermal route of administration is also possible. Injections can be performed as a bolus, and / or by continuous infusion.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated to be enterally administrable selected from the oral, sublingual, perlingual, or rectal route.
- Preparations for parenteral administration may include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
- non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils, such as olive oil, or injectable organic esters such as ethyloleate.
- Aqueous vehicles include water, alcohol / water solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated to be parenterally administrable chosen from intravenous, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrathecal or intratumoral injection.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is formulated to be administrable subcutaneously.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to active nanoplateforms for their use in the treatment of cancers, especially primary brain tumors, and more particularly glioblastoma and / or brain metastases originating from primary tumors of non-cerebral localization.
- a more specific aspect of the invention relates to active nanoplateforms for their use in the treatment of glioblastoma and brain metastases from various primary tumors of non-cerebral localization.
- An aspect of the invention that is even more specific concerns active nanoplateforms for their use in the treatment of glioblastoma.
- An even more specific aspect of the invention relates to active nanoplateforms for their use in the treatment of brain metastases from different primary tumors of non-cerebral localization.
- a particular aspect of the invention comprises active nanoplateforms in which the bond between paclitaxel or doxorubicin and the linker L of the nanoplateform of Formula 20 is cleavable and allows the release of paclitaxel or doxorubicin, in particular by hydrolytic breaking. the ester bond between the linker L and paclitaxel or doxorubicin,
- a very specific aspect of the invention comprises active nanoplateforms in which the bond between the paclitaxel and the linker L of the nanoplateform of Formula 20 is cleavable and allows the release of paclitaxel, in particular by hydrolytically breaking the ester bond between the linker. L and paclitaxel.
- Another very specific aspect of the invention comprises active nanoplateforms in which the link between the doxorubicin and the linker L of the Formula 20 nanoplate is cleavable and allows the release of doxorubicin, in particular by hydrolytically breaking the ester bond between linker L and doxorubicin.
- FIG. 1A represents an image of the NPCi or NPC2 nanoplateforms obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- Figure 1 B represents the size distribution diagram of the obtained nanoplateforms, and the curve modeling this distribution by a log-normal function. The distribution is centered around a size of 17 nm.
- Figure 2 shows the diffractogram of the nanoplateforms NPC1 or NPC2 obtained by DRX (measurements made on powder using a Bruker D2 Phaser X-ray powder diffractometer). The curve is representative of an amorphous compound.
- FIG. 3A represents the Raman spectrum of the NPC1 or NPC2 nanoplateforms (measurements made on powder using an Explora Raman microscope equipped with an air objective (50x) and operating at 785 nm).
- the presence of an intense band at 1575 cm 1 (G band of graphite), the absence of a band at 2714 cm 1 (2D band of graphite), and the weak band between 1310 and 1350 cm 1 (Band D of the graphite) graphite) do not suggest the presence of graphite in the sample.
- FIG. 3B represents the infrared spectrum of the NPC1 or NPC2 nanoplateforms (measurements made on a KBr chip using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 Optica spectrometer).
- Figure 4A shows the XPS spectrum of NPC1 or NPC2 nanopatterns (measurements made on powder using a K-alpha spectrometer) for carbon.
- Figure 4B shows the XPS spectrum of NPC1 or NPC2 nanopatterns (measurements made on powder using a K-alpha spectrometer) for nitrogen. The peak is centered around a binding energy of 399.8 eV.
- Figure 4C shows the XPS spectrum of the NPC1 or NPC2 nanopatterns (measurements made on powder using a K-alpha spectrometer) for oxygen.
- the first peak is centered around a binding energy of 531, 0 eV, the second 532.2 eV and the third 533.2 eV.
- Figure 5 A shows the emission (dotted curve) and absorption (solid curve) spectra of the nanoplateforms (measurements made in solution in water using a Fluoro-Max fluorometer and a Jasco V-570 UV-Visible spectrometer). respectively) NPC1 or NPC2.
- FIG. 5B shows the intensity of the fluorescence emission of the NPC1 or NPC2 nanoplateforms as a function of the incident wavelength and the emitted wavelength.
- the optimum corresponds to an incident wavelength of 360 nm for an emission of 455 nm.
- Figure 6 shows the emission spectrum of NPCi or NPC2 nanoplatforms, at 37 ° C and with a concentration of 25 ⁇ g / ml in a biological medium (culture medium + fetal calf serum), as a function of time, and with an incident wavelength at 360 nm.
- Figure 7 shows the colorimetric tests measuring cell survival performed after 72 hours of incubation of NPC2 (A, B and C).
- the real-time impedance test measuring cell survival is performed for at least 72 h incubation of NPC2 (D, E and F). These tests were performed with doses of 1 to 100 ⁇ g / mL on U-87-MG cells (A and D), HMEC-1 (B and E) and on NHDF (C and F).
- the Alamar Blue test is represented by a line marked with a triangle.
- Figure 8 shows the colorimetric tests measuring the survival of the cells, performed after 72 hours of NPC2 incubation. These tests were performed with doses of 1 to 100 ⁇ g / mL on HMEC-1, U-87 MG, GL261 DsRed, OLN-93, C8-D1A cells.
- Figure 9 shows the internalization of NPC2 in U-87-MG, HMEC-1, and NHDF cells after a 4 h incubation (labeled NPC2 1 ⁇ g / mL and NPC2 5 ⁇ g / mL) with orthogonal views showing the distribution of NPC2 in cell thickness.
- the internalization of NPC2 by HMEC-1 and NHDF is negligible whereas ITinternalisation in U-87-MG cells is visible. This finding is made from two-photon fluorescence images obtained at 740 nm excitation and 480 to 550 nm emissions after autofluorescence correction, as well as images obtained in transmitted light to locate the cells.
- FIG. 10 shows the internalisation of NPC2 in U-87-MG, HMEC-1, and NHDF cells after a 4 h incubation and a NPC2 concentration of 25 ⁇ g / ml.
- the U-87-MG cells and the NHDF cells do not show a major change in the internalization of the NPC2 compared to FIG. 8.
- the internalisation of the NPC2 at 25 ⁇ g / ml is improved in the HMEC-cells. 1 as seen from two-photon fluorescence images after autofluorescence correction. Transmitted light images are also provided to locate the cells.
- Figure 11 shows the internalisation of NPC2 in U-251 MG cells after a 4 h incubation and a NPC2 concentration of 1.5 and / or 25 ⁇ g / mL.
- the control cells were exposed to the culture medium only.
- An internalisation of NPC2 in these cells is demonstrated, as shown by the two-photon fluorescence images obtained at excitation of 740 nm and emissions of 480 to 550 nm after correction of autofluorescence. Transmitted light images are also provided to locate the cells.
- Figure 12 represents the internalization of NPC2 in U-87 MG cells with a NPC2 nanoplate concentration of 0 (controls), 1 or 5 ⁇ g / ml under or without blocking conditions of endocytosis (without blocking, inhibition energy-dependent endocytosis, clathrin inhibitor, caveolin inhibitor, lipid raft inhibitor).
- NPC2 are internalized in U-87-MG cells after treatment with concentrations of 1 and 5 ⁇ g / mL for 4 hours in the absence of inhibition of endocytosis (positive control).
- these same cells are cultured at 4 ° C to block energy-dependent endocytosis or endocytosis inhibitors using the caveolin pathway or lipid rafts, we do not find NPC2 inside the cells which shows the involvement of these endocytosis pathways in the cellular internalisation of NPC2.
- those in the presence of an endocytosis inhibitor using the clathrin pathway remain able to internalize NPC2 at concentrations of 1 and 5 ⁇ g / mL.
- the transmitted light images are provided to locate the cells. All two-photon fluorescence images obtained at 740 nm excitation with 480-550 nm emission are corrected by subtracting autofluorescence from untreated control cells.
- Figure 13 shows the comparative cell viability tests between paclitaxel alone (PTX) and active nanoplateforms of Example 3.1 (NPC2-PTX) on HMEC-1 (A) cells; SK-N-SH (B) and U-87 MG (C), and measured by the MTT test, after 72 hours of treatment with a concentration range of 0.1 to 100 nM expressed in PTX or PTX equivalent carried by NPC2, or measured by the real-time impedance test after 72 hours of treatment of HMEC-1 (D) for the active nanoplateforms of Example 3.1.
- Figure 14 shows the MTT tests measuring cell survival, performed after 72 h incubation of NPC2-PTX. These tests were carried out with doses of 0.1 to 10 mM on the U-87-MG and GL261 cells.
- Figure 15 shows the pharmacological activity of PTX (A and C) and NPC2-PTX (B and D), analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence of tubulin on HMEC-1 (A and B) cells and U-87 MG (C and D) after 6 hours of treatment with PTX or PTX concentrations carried by NPC2 of 10, 50 and / or 100 nM.
- Figure 16 represents the pharmacological activity of NPC2-PTX and NPC2, analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence of tubulin on U-87 MG cells after 24 h of treatment with NPC2-bearing NPC2-PTX concentrations of 5 and 10 ⁇ M and NPC2 concentrations of 38 and 76 ⁇ g / ml.
- Figure 17 shows the pharmacological activity of PTX and NPC2-PTX, determined by light microscopy on U-87 MG cells in 3D culture before treatment (D0) and 7 and 14 days after treatment with concentrations corresponding to IC 5 o calculated in 2D (equitoxic doses), at 2.8 times the IC 5 o and at 4 times the ICso.
- Figure 18 shows the activity of PTX and NPC2-PTX, measured on U-87 MG cells in 3D culture by the Alamar Blue test 7 days (A) and 14 days after treatment (B). The results are expressed as a percentage of the 100% standardized test.
- Figure 19 shows the pharmacological activity of NPC2 and NPC2-PTX, determined by light microscopy on spheroidized GL261 cells in 3D culture before treatment (D0) and 7 and 14 days after treatment with NPC2-PTX concentration of 20 ⁇ M and an NPC2 concentration of 153 pg / ml
- Figure 20 shows the pharmacological activity of NPC2 and NPC2-PTX, determined by light microscopy on spheroidized GL261 cells in 3D culture before treatment (D0) up to 14 days after treatment with NPC2-PTX concentrations of 10 and 20 pM and NPC2 concentrations of 76 and 153 pg / ml
- FIG. 21 represents the pharmacological activity of NPC2 and NPC2-PTX, determined by light microscopy on spheroidized GL261 cells in 3D culture 14 days after treatment with a NPC2-PTX concentration of 20 mM and a NPC2 concentration of 153 ⁇ g / ml
- Figure 22 represents body weight monitoring in C57BL / 6 mice up to 14 days after treatment with a dose of NPC2-PTX of 11 mg / kg and a dose of NPC2 of 2 mg / kg
- citric acid monohydrate (5.25 g, 25.0 mmol) is dissolved in distilled water (5 ml) and then diethylenetriamine is added dropwise (3 ml). 0 ml, 2.87 g, 27.6 mmol).
- the resulting yellow aqueous solution is heated with a microwave oven for 2 minutes at 600 W power.
- ethanol 25 ml is added and the residue is scraped with a spatula until a light brown powder is formed.
- the homogeneous suspension is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes.
- the brownish powder at the bottom of the centrifuge cylinder is collected and washed with ethanol and then with diethyl ether giving 4.8 g of initial nanopatform NPCi brown powder after complete drying in vacuo or a mass yield of 60%.
- NPC1 nanoplateforms (200 mg) are dissolved in 1 ml of ethylenediamine. This solution is maintained at a temperature of 115 ° C. with stirring for 12 hours. The brown solution obtained is cooled to ambient temperature and then added dropwise to 20 ml of dichloromethane with stirring. A suspension is then obtained. This is centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes. The pellet is resuspended in 20 ml of dichloromethane using ultrasound for 5 minutes and then centrifuged again under the same conditions as above. This process is repeated 3 rd time. The brown powder obtained is then dried under vacuum (0.1 torr) at 50 ° C. for 2 hours.
- NPC2 nanoparticles in powder form are mechanically "anchored” in an ultra-pure indium matrix (by pressure), then the whole is analyzed by a K-alpha spectrometer.
- nanoplate powder as obtained previously is added in 64 mg of water. The solution is stirred for a few minutes. With an addition of 16.7 mg nanoplate, the solution after shaking is strongly colored and clear to the eye. The solubility of the nanoplateforms is therefore greater than 250 g / l.
- the hardness of the NPC2 nanoplateform was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
- the atomic force microscope used is a Bruker Dimension Icon model and the tip used is a ScanAsyst-Air tip with a 2 nm radius of curvature.
- the Young's modulus is measured using the peak force mode of the apparatus.
- An aqueous solution of nanoplateforms is deposited on a microscope glass slide, then the Young's modulus of the sample is measured and compared to two references: a polystyrene film which has a Young's modulus of 3-3.5 GPa and a PDMS film which has a Young's modulus of 3.5 MPa.
- Several nanoplateform deposits were made.
- the measured Young's modulus values for the various samples are between 1 and 4 GPa. It can therefore be concluded that the nanoplateforms have a hardness close to that of polystyrene (organic polymer).
- the density of the nanoplate is measured on an AccuPyc II 1340 pycnometer from nanoplateforms in powder form and according to the helium gas expansion technique. Ten successive measurements are made, then the value of the density is calculated as the average of these ten measurements, a density of 1.53.
- the measurement of the "dry" size of the nanoplateforms is made on a transmission electron microscope (HITACHI H7650 at 80 kV).
- a drop of aqueous solution of nanoplateforms is deposited on a copper grid (covered with a carbon film) previously positively charged according to the "Glow discharge” technique (in order to increase the affinity of the nanoplateforms for the grid).
- the excess aqueous solution is removed by capillarity using an absorbent paper and then a drop of an aqueous solution of uranyl acetate is added to the grid for one minute. After this time, the excess of the aqueous solution of uranyl acetate is removed by capillarity by means of an absorbent paper.
- the operation is repeated twice for the contrast agent (uranyl acetate), then the dry grid is ready for observation.
- the size of the nanoplateforms is measured randomly on several snapshots using the ImageJ software (number of particles measured> 400).
- the average size obtained by TEM of the nanoplateforms is 17 nm.
- Nanoplatforms in powder form are analyzed on a Bruker D2 Phaser X-ray powder diffractometer.
- the graphite has a very fine and intense line corresponding to the plane (002) at small angles (2Q ⁇ 26 °), and as the spectrum of X-ray diffraction of the nanoplateforms in FIG. 2, there is no trace of this characteristic line of graphite.
- Nanoplatforms in powder form are dispersed on a microscope slide, and Raman spectra are measured on this slide using the Explora Raman microscope using an air lens (50x) and a 785 nm laser.
- the graphite is characterized by several bands in Raman spectroscopy, the G band which is at 1575 cm 1 , the D band which is between 1310 and 1350 cm 1 , and the 2D band which is at 2714 cm 1 (for a laser at 785 nm)
- the XRD and Raman measurements suggest the substantially amorphous character of the nanoplate.
- aqueous nanoplate solution typically a few mg / ml
- 100 ⁇ l of an aqueous solution of KCN containing pyridine Kaiser aldrich test kit
- 100 ⁇ l of a solution are mixed together.
- phenol alcohol 80% in ethanol, Kaiser aldrich test kit
- 100 ⁇ l of an alcoholic solution of ninhydrin 6% in ethanol, Kaiser aldrich test kit
- the mixture is heated at 120 ° C for 5 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- 20 ⁇ l of the solution obtained above are diluted in 2 ml of ethanol, and then the absorbance at 580 nm of this new solution is measured.
- the concentration of primary amine reacted with ninhydrin is deduced from the value of the absorbance and thus reflects the amount of reactive primary amine present on the surface of the nanoplateforms.
- the value obtained is 0.7 pmol of reactive NH 2 per mg of nanoplateforms.
- the rate of primary amine grafting functions is 3.3 pmol of reactive NH 2 per mg of refunctionalized nanoplateforms.
- the absorbance of a freshly prepared aqueous solution of nanoplateforms is measured on a JASCO spectrometer V-570 at room temperature, in a quartz tank with a 1 cm optical path.
- the maximum absorbance of the nanoplateforms is at the wavelength of 360 nm.
- the fluorescence emission of the nanoplateforms is measured on the same solution of nanoplateforms after prior dilution thereof until an absorbance of less than 0.15 at 360 nm is reached. Fluorescence is recorded on a Fluoro-Max fluorometer (Horiba) and the maximum emission wavelength is 455 nm.
- the stability of the nanoplateforms is monitored by the evolution of the fluorescence emission under an incident wavelength of 360 nm.
- the results of FIG. 5 show a decrease in the intensity of fluorescence emitted over time during the first 24 hours before reaching a plateau after 48 hours.
- Cetuximab, anti-EGFR antibody or Bevacizumab anti VEGF antibody cetuximab, anti-EGFR antibody or Bevacizumab anti VEGF antibody
- the active antitumour molecule M Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Pirarubicin, Zorubicin, Aclarubicin,
- a solution of nanoplateforms NPC2 in DMSO (1.0 equivalent, 50 g / l) is prepared and then succinic anhydride is added (0.5 equivalents). The solution is stirred at room temperature overnight, then the DMSO is removed by lyophilization. The traces of DMSO are removed by precipitating the nanoplateforms in dichloromethane. The powder obtained is dried under vacuum. The nanoplateforms obtained now carry the succinic linker.
- a solution of nanoplates carrying the succinic linker in DMSO (1.0 equivalents, 100 g / l) is prepared, then a solution of EDC.HCl in DMSO (0.5 equivalents, 0.2 mol / l) is added. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes and then a solution of / V-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in DMSO (0.5 equivalents, 0.2 mol / l) is added. The solution is stirred at room temperature overnight then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate. The suspension is stirred vigorously for 5 minutes, then the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and then washed 3 times with dichloromethane. Residual traces of solvent are removed under reduced pressure. The powder obtained corresponds to the nanoplateform comprising the NHS-activated succinic linker.
- Nanoplatforms with NHS-activated succinic linker are dissolved in a solution of DMSO (1.0 equivalent of activated linker, 50 mg / L) with 1.0 equivalents of A /, / V-diisopropylethylamine and 1.0 equivalent of
- DMSO 1.0 equivalent of activated linker, 50 mg / L
- 1.0 equivalents of A /, / V-diisopropylethylamine 1.0 equivalent of
- This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate.
- the precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation and then washed with dichloromethane 3 times.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in a volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed three times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the molecule of antitumor activity M linked by a succinic linker.
- aqueous antibody solution (6 ⁇ mol / L) containing periodate (10 mM) is stirred for 30 minutes in the dark at room temperature and then the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under compressed air pressure (4 mmol). bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed three times with distilled water and can be used as such or frozen and lyophilized.
- NPC2-L nanoplate-bearing succinic linker
- 0.1 equivalents of hydrazine hydrate is added.
- the solution is heated by microwaves for 90 seconds at 900 W.
- the solution is frozen and freeze-dried. Nanoparticles now carry hydrazide functions.
- Nanoparticles carrying hydrazide functions are dissolved (1.0 equivalent of hydrazide) in an aqueous solution of activated antibody (1.0 equivalent, 6 pmol / L). The solution is stirred gently for 4 h in the dark at room temperature, and then a slight excess of NaBH 3 CN (1.1 equivalent) is added. The solution is stirred an additional hour in the dark at room temperature. Once the reduction reaction is complete, the aqueous solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with distilled water and is then frozen and lyophilized. The nanoparticles are now carriers of the antibody binding agent A bound by a linker.
- the nanoplatforms with NHS-activated succinic linker are dissolved in a solution of DMSO (1.0 equivalent of activated NHS linker, 50 mg / L) with 1.0 equivalents of A /, / V-diisopropylethylamine and 0.1 equivalent of This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the nanoplate to precipitate.
- the precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times.
- the solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue obtained corresponds to the nanoplateform carrying the peptide A addressing agent.
- Example 9 Synthesis of the Active Nanoparticles NPC TM (LM) -LA (Antibodies) To a solution of nanoplateforms with the antibody targeting agent (NPC2-L-A (antibody)) in DMSO (1.0 equivalent of free linker, 50 mg / L) is added a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1.0 equivalent of N, N'-diisopropylethylamine and 1.0 equivalent of the antitumour active molecule M. In the case where the antitumour active molecule M is in the hydrochloride form, an additional 1.0 equivalent of diisopropylethylamine is added for each hydrate equivalent.
- the solution is stirred for 5 minutes and then a slight excess of EDC.HCl in solution in DMSO (1.1 equivalent, 0.2 mol / L) is added.
- the solution is stirred at room temperature overnight then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate.
- the suspension is stirred gently for 5 minutes, then the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed 3 times with dichloromethane. Residual traces of solvent are removed under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue is dissolved in a volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the antibody addressing agent A and the antitumour activity molecule M both linked by a linker.
- nanoplateforms with the peptide targeting agent (NPC2-L-A (peptide)) in DMSO 1.0 equivalent of free linker, 50 mg / L
- 1.0 equivalent of / V, / V-diisopropylethylamine 1.0 equivalent of the antitumor active molecule M.
- the antitumour active molecule M is in the form of hydrochloride
- 1.0 equivalent of diisopropylethylamine is added for each equivalent of hydrochloride. This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate.
- the precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times. The solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure. The solid residue obtained is dissolved in a volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the peptide A addressing agent and the antitumour activity molecule M.
- Rhodamine B in DMSO 1.0 equivalent, 100 g / L
- EDC.HCl in DMSO 1.1 equivalent, 0.2 mol / L
- the solution is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes and then a solution of N-hydroxysuccinimide in DMSO (1.0 equivalent, 0.2 mol / l) is added.
- the solution is filtered on cotton and the filtrate is frozen and freeze-dried.
- the powder obtained is used as it is, and corresponds to Rhodamine B with the activated ester NFIS.
- Nanoparticles carrying hydrazide functions are dissolved (1.0 equivalents of hydrazide) in a solution of fluorophore F in DMSO (1.0 equivalent, 1 mol / L). This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate. The precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times. The solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure. The solid residue is dissolved in a volume of water and the aqueous solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with distilled water and is then frozen and lyophilized. The nanoparticles are now carriers of fluorophore F linked by a linker and free linker.
- Nanoparticles carrying the fluorophore F are dissolved in the DMSO (1.0 equivalent of free linker, 50 mg / l), then a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1.0 equivalent of A / V-diisopropylethylamine and 1.0 equivalent of the M antitumor active molecule.
- M is in the form of hydrochloride
- 1.0 equivalent of diisopropylethylamine is added for each equivalent of hydrochloride.
- the solution is stirred for 5 minutes and then a slight excess of EDC.FICI in solution in DMSO (1.1 equivalent, 0.2 mol / L) is added.
- the solution is stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added in order to precipitate the nanoparticles, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate.
- the suspension is stirred gently for 5 minutes, then the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed 3 times with dichloromethane. Residual traces of solvent are removed under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in 20 ml of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore F and the antitumour activity molecule M.
- Nanoparticles carrying the succinic linker and hydrazide functions are dissolved (1.0 equivalents of hydrazide) in a solution of fluorophore F in the DMSO (0.5 equivalents, 1 mol / L). This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate. The precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times. The solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue obtained is added to an aqueous solution of activated antibody (0.5 equivalents, 6 pmol / L), then the solution is gently stirred for 4 hours in the dark at room temperature. A slight excess of NaBH 3 CN (1.1 equivalent) is added and the solution is stirred an additional hour in the dark at room temperature.
- the aqueous solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with distilled water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore F and the antibody addressing agent A.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in DMSO (1.0 equivalent of linker-NHS, 50 mg / L) with 1.0 equivalents of A / V-diisopropylethylamine and 1.0 equivalent of the peptide A targeting agent. This solution is stirred. at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the nanoplate to precipitate. The precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times. The solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in one volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed three times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized. The powder obtained corresponds to the nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore F and the peptide A addressing agent.
- Example 16 Synthesis of Active Nanoparticles NPC2- (LF) - (LM) -LA (Antibodies) Nanoparticles carrying hydrazide functions are dissolved (1.0 equivalents of hydrazide) in a solution of fluorophore F in DMSO (0.5 equivalents, 1 mol / L). This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate. The precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times. The solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in an aqueous solution of activated antibody (0.5 equivalents, 6 pmol / L), then the solution is stirred gently for 4 hours in the dark at room temperature. A slight excess of 3N NaBH 3 (1.1 equivalent) is added and the solution is stirred an additional hour in the dark at room temperature. Once the reduction reaction is complete, the aqueous solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with distilled water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in DMSO (1.0 equivalent of free linker, 50 mg / L) with a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1.0 equivalents of / V, / V-diisopropylethylamine and 1.0 equivalents of the antitumour active molecule M.
- DMSO 1.0 equivalent of free linker, 50 mg / L
- 4-dimethylaminopyridine 1.0 equivalents of / V, / V-diisopropylethylamine
- 1.0 equivalents of the antitumour active molecule M is in the form of hydrochloride
- 1.0 equivalent of diisopropylethylamine is added for each equivalent of hydrochloride.
- the solution is stirred for 5 minutes and then a slight excess of EDC.HCl in solution in DMSO (1.1 equivalent, 0.2 mol / L) is added.
- the solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane is added, causing the nanoplate to precipitate.
- the suspension is stirred gently for 5 minutes, then the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed 3 times with dichloromethane. Residual traces of solvent are removed under reduced pressure.
- the solid residue is dissolved in a volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is three times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore F, the antibody targeting agent A and the antitumour activity molecule M.
- the solid residue obtained is dissolved in DMSO (1.0 equivalent of linker-NHS, 50 mg / L) with one equivalent of / V, / V-diisopropylethylamine and 0.1 equivalent of the addressant peptide A and 0.9 equivalent of the antitumour active molecule M.
- This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight then dichloromethane is added, causing the precipitation of the nanoplate.
- the precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation (6500 rpm, 4 minutes) and washed with dichloromethane 3 times.
- the solvent residues are evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the resulting residue is dissolved in one volume of water and the solution is filtered by ultracentrifugation with a 1 kDa filter under air pressure (4 bar). The solution retained by the filter is washed 3 times with water and is then frozen and lyophilized.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore F, the peptide A addressing agent and the anti
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 60 h, then water is added to destroy the unreacted EDC.
- the solvent mixture water and DMF
- the solvent mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure and the powder obtained is washed with acetone and is harvested by centrifugation.
- the solid obtained is purified on a column of Sephadex LH20 using water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and then evaporated under reduced pressure.
- a solution of nanoparticles carrying the long linker in DMSO (100 g / L, 1 mL) is prepared, as described above, then a solution of EDC.FICI in DMSO (0.178 mol / L, 0.27 mL) is added. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes and then a solution of N hydroxysuccinimide in DMSO (0.174 mol / L, 0.26 mL) is added. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 21 h and then dichloromethane (12 mL) is added in order to saturate the DMSO in dichloromethane and to precipitate the active nanoplateforms.
- Nanoplatforms with the NFIS-activated long linker can be dissolved in a solution of DMSO containing potassium carbonate and doxorubicin hydrochloride. This solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then dichloromethane can be added. The precipitate obtained is collected by centrifugation and washed with dichloromethane 3 times.
- the residue is purified on Sephadex LH20 with water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the pure product are combined and the solvent is removed by lyophilization.
- the solid residue obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the active molecule doxorubicin linked by a long linker.
- a solution of nanoplateforms in DMF (25 g / L, 4 mL) is prepared, and then sodium carbonate is added (424 mg).
- the solution is heated to 61 ° C. and once this temperature is reached, lissamine rhodamine B is added (1.5 mg).
- the solution is stirred at 61 ° C overnight and the DMF is evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue is neutralized with hydrochloric acid (pH ⁇ 1).
- the aqueous solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is solubilized in ethanol, centrifuged and the supernatant is collected in order to remove the insoluble salts in ethanol. After the ethanol is removed under reduced pressure, the resulting powder (69 mg) is dried under vacuum.
- the nanoplateforms obtained now carry the fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B with the short linker.
- the nanoplatforms with fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B (60 mg) are then dissolved in DMSO, and then sodium carbonate is added (424 mg). The suspension is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes and then succinic anhydride (100 mg) is added. The solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then water is added followed by hydrochloric acid until the pH of the solution reaches ⁇ 1. The solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residual solvents are removed by lyophilization. The resulting residue is dissolved in absolute ethanol and the insoluble salts are removed by centrifugation.
- the supernatant alcohol phase is harvested and then evaporated under reduced pressure until a powder is obtained. Traces of residual succinic acid are removed by washing the solid residue obtained with chloroform and then with acetone. The residual powder (38 mg) is dried under vacuum.
- the nanoplatforms carrying the fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B with the short linker obtained are now carriers of the long linker.
- a solution of the nanoplateforms with fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B and the long linker in DMF (12.5 g / L, 2 mL) is prepared, followed by paclitaxel (3 mg), DMAP (catalytic amount) and EDC.HCI ( 6.18 mg) are added.
- the solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 60 h and then water is added.
- the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residual powder obtained is washed with acetone. Once dried, the powder obtained is purified on Sephadex LH20 using water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and the water is removed by lyophilization.
- the powder obtained (22.9 mg) corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the fluorophore Lissamine rhodamine B linked by a short linker and the active molecule paclitaxel linked by a long linker. Synthesis of an active nanoplateform with addressing agent with long linker and active molecule with long linker.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 60 h, then water is added to destroy the unreacted EDC.
- the solvent mixture water and DMF
- the solvent mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure and the powder obtained is washed with acetone and is harvested by centrifugation.
- the solid obtained is purified on a column of Sephadex LH20 using water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and then evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the nanoplatforms with the active succinic linker molecule can then be dissolved in DMF, followed by a diester derivative of the RGD peptide and EDC. HCI are added.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 60 h, then water is added to destroy the unreacted EDC.
- the solvent mixture water and DMF
- the solvent mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure and the powder obtained is washed with acetone and is harvested by centrifugation.
- the solid obtained is purified on a column of Sephadex LH20 using water as an eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and then evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the addressing agent linked by a long linker and the active molecule linked by a long linker.
- a solution of nanoplateforms in DMF (25 g / L, 4 mL) is prepared, and then sodium carbonate is added (424 mg).
- the solution is heated to 61 ° C. and once this temperature is reached, lissamine rhodamine B is added (1.5 mg).
- the solution is stirred at 61 ° C overnight and the DMF is evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the residue obtained is neutralized with hydrochloric acid (pH ⁇ 1).
- the aqueous solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is solubilized in ethanol, centrifuged and the supernatant is collected in order to remove the insoluble salts in ethanol. After the ethanol is removed under reduced pressure, the resulting powder (69 mg) is dried under vacuum.
- the nanoplateforms obtained now carry the fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B with the short linker.
- the nanoplatforms with fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B (60 mg) are then dissolved in DMSO, and then sodium carbonate is added (424 mg).
- the suspension is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes and then succinic anhydride (100 mg) is added.
- the solution is stirred at room temperature overnight and then water is added, followed by hydrochloric acid until the pH of the solution reaches ⁇ 1.
- the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residual solvents are removed by lyophilization.
- the resulting residue is dissolved in absolute ethanol and the insoluble salts are removed by centrifugation.
- the supernatant alcoholic phase is collected and then evaporated under reduced pressure until a powder is obtained. Traces of residual succinic acid are removed by washing the solid residue obtained with chloroform and then with acetone. The residual powder (38 mg) is dried under vacuum.
- the nanoplatforms carrying the fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B with the short linker obtained are now carriers of the long linker.
- a solution of the nanoplateforms with fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B and the long linker in DMF (12.5 g / L, 2 mL) is prepared, followed by paclitaxel (3 mg), DMAP (catalytic amount) and EDC.HCI ( 6.18 mg) are added.
- the solution is stirred at ambient temperature for 60 h and then water is added.
- the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residual powder obtained is washed with acetone, and once dried is purified on Sephadex LH20 using water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and the water is removed by lyophilization.
- the powder obtained (22.9 mg) corresponds to active nanoplateforms bearing fluorophore lissamine rhodamine B (short linker) with paclitaxel (long linker).
- Nanoplatforms with the active molecule linker long and the short linker fluorophore are then dissolved in DMF, followed by a diester derivative of the RGD peptide and EDC.HCl.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 60 h, then water is added to destroy the unreacted EDC.
- the solvent mixture water and DMF
- the solvent mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure and the powder obtained is washed with acetone and is harvested by centrifugation.
- the solid obtained is purified on a column of Sephadex LH20 using water as eluent.
- the aqueous phases containing the good product are combined and then evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the powder obtained corresponds to the active nanoplateform comprising the addressing agent and the active molecule, each linked by a long linker and the fluorophore linked by a short linker.
- the goal is to measure the cell survival rate in the presence of a range of NPC2 and determine the impact of these nanoplateforms on cell viability.
- the adherent cells are treated with a range of concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ⁇ g / ml) of NPC2 dispersed in the culture medium.
- the total volume is maintained at 200 ⁇ L per well and each condition is performed in quadruplicate (impedance test) and / or quintupled (colorimetric test).
- a cell viability test is performed either by a colorimetric test after 72 hours of treatment, or by an impedance test over a period of at least 72 hours. All colorimetric tests were repeated 3 times for each line, while the impedance test was repeated 2 times on the U-87-MG and HMEC-1 lines and was done once on the NDHF line.
- This test uses as reagent 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is converted into formazan (crystal violet) by living cells. The latter absorbing at the wavelength of 600 nm is detectable by an absorbance measurement.
- the cells after undergoing the above treatment with NPC2, are incubated with 200 ⁇ L of 0.5 mg / mL MTT reagent dispersed in the culture medium (Correard, F., et al (2014). Journal of Nanomedicine 9: 5415-5430) for 3 to 4 hours at 37 ° C. Since the formazan crystals are visible in the cells under a light field microscope, the medium is replaced by 200 ⁇ L of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The cells are then lysed, the dissolved formazan crystals and the absorbance is measured with a Multiskan Spectrophotometer (Ascent, Labtec Systems) with a 600 nm filter.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the absorbance value of the treated cells with the absorbance value of the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- the cells after undergoing the above treatment with NPC2, are incubated with 20 ⁇ l of Alamar Blue reagent; that is 10% of the volume of medium (Pasquier, E., et al., 2013) Angiogenesis, 2013 Apr; 16 (2): 373-86) for 4 to 5 h at 37 ° C.
- the absorbance is then measured with a POLARstar Omega microplate reader (BMG LABTECH) with a 570 nm filter and a 595 nm filter.
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the level of fluorescence emitted by the reduced Alamar Blue reagent in the treated cells with the level present in the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- This test is based on protein biomass and uses an anionic sulforhodamine B probe, which binds strongly to proteins. Inhibition of cell growth is measured using a sulforhodamine B assay kit (Sigma Aldrich) as previously described in: Berges, R., et al. (2016). Mol Cancer Ther. 2016 Nov; 15 (11): 2740-2749.
- the cells after having been treated as above with NPC2, are fixed at 4 ° C. with 50 ⁇ l of cold 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The cells are then washed several times with deionized water to remove any trace of medium and / or TCA. The cells are then dried to remove all traces of water and 50 ⁇ l of sulforhodamine B is added to each well. The cells are incubated for 30 min, then rinsed 4-5 times with 10% acetic acid and dried in the open air. A volume of 200 ⁇ l of Tris base at 10 mM is added to each well and the microplate is shaken weakly to homogenize the anionic sulforhodamine B probe.
- TCA trichloroacetic acid
- the absorbance is then measured with a POLARstar Omega microplate reader (BMG LABTECH) with a filter. at 565 nm and a filter at 620 nm to eliminate background noise.
- BMG LABTECH POLARstar Omega microplate reader
- the percentage of cell viability is obtained by comparing the absorbance linked to the treated cells with the absorbance linked to the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- the impedance test is based on a real-time measurement of the resistance induced by a cell monolayer grown on a gold electrode, which shows a variation as the cells detach from the surface.
- the impedance measurement is performed with an impedance meter (Xcelligence, ACEA Biosciences), and provides quantitative information on the state of living cells (adhesion, proliferation, mortality) continuously and in real time.
- E-plate 96 A 96-well plate coated with gold electrodes (E-plate 96) is seeded in the manner described above (see Table Z) in a volume of 100 ⁇ L.
- the impedance measurement reaches a plateau, the plate is removed from the meter, the culture medium is removed, and the cells are treated with NPC2 as described above. The plate is then reinserted into the reader and the impedance is measured every 15 minutes for at least 72 hours.
- the percentage of cell viability is obtained by comparing the impedance measurement of the treated cells with the measurement of impedance of the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from the number of independent experiments conducted for each cell line under consideration.
- HMEC-1 cells show a slight 20% decrease in cell viability at concentrations greater than 50 ⁇ g / mL with the MTT assay ( Figure 7B), which is also observed at concentrations greater than 25 ⁇ g / mL with impedance test ( Figure 7E).
- the decrease in maximum cell viability observed is 20% for the maximum concentration of 100 ⁇ g / ml of NPC2 after 72 hours of treatment. This demonstrates very satisfactorily the low toxicity of these nanoplatforms vis-à-vis the human cell lines cancerous and / or non-cancerous tested.
- U-251 MG cells are also used. They are transfected with dsRed (Alves, I.D., et al., (2014) Biochimica and Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1838 (8): 2087-2098) and grown in:
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- the culture medium is replaced with culture medium containing NPC2 (1, 5 and / or 25 ⁇ g / ml in a volume equivalent to that of the seeding).
- the cells are then incubated for 4 h at 37 ° C before the medium is removed and the cells fixed for 2-photon microscopy. This experiment is repeated 3 times with the U-87-MG cells and 2 times with the U-251 MG, HMEC1 and NHDF cells. Repetitions are performed with different cell passages
- the cells are washed several times with Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS (15 min at room temperature) and rinsed twice with PBS.
- PBS Phosphate Buffer Saline
- the fixed cells are stored at 4 ° C in PBS.
- emission wavelength ranging from 480 nm to 550 nm (480 nm ⁇ £ em 550 nm).
- a 20x dry lens is used.
- the average fluorescence intensity and standard deviation of control cells not treated with NPC2 are used to determine the autofluorescence contribution threshold in NPC2 treated cells using MATLAB. Only fluorescence intensities greater than at least once the standard deviation of the control mean intensity are displayed using MATLAB.
- NPC2 are preferentially internalized in cancer cells.
- the goal is to determine the cellular mechanism implemented.
- the cells are treated with 1 and / or 5 ⁇ g / ml of NPC2 and incubated for 4 h at 4 ° C. and then rinsed with PBS and fixed in order to carry out the procedure. observation by 2-photon microscopy (see Example [20]). Inhibition of different endocytic pathways
- the cells are treated with:
- chlorpromazine clathrin inhibitor
- the cells are washed with cold PBS and then treated with 1 and / or 5 ⁇ g / ml of NPC2 for 4 h at 37 ° C. while the control cells are incubated with medium alone. .
- the cells are then rinsed with PBS and fixed in order to carry out 2-photon microscopy (see Example [20]). These experiments are carried out twice with different cell passages.
- NPC2 uses mainly endocytosis pathways related to caveolin and lipid rafts. It could also indicate an effect of the "protein ring” that is created on the surface of NPC2, which binds either to caveolin or to lipid rafts present on the surface of glioblastoma cells. Indeed, it has been shown that this "protein ring” favors the internalisation of gold nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 20 nm by a caveolin-dependent mechanism, whereas the larger nanoparticles are internalized by a clathrin- dependent (Cheng, X., et al., 2015. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7 (37): 20568-20575). Therefore and in view of these results, it is deduced that the "protein ring” in combination with the size of the NPC2 preferentially favor internalization linked to caveolin by the glioblastoma cells.
- Example G221 In vitro study of cytotoxicity induced by PTX and NPCs - PTX
- the goal is to measure the cell survival rate in the presence of a range of PTX or a range of NPC2-PTX and to determine the IC 5 o corresponding to the concentration of PTX or NPC2-PTX inhibiting 50% of cell viability.
- PTX paclitaxel
- NPC2 NPC2
- the U-87 MGs are treated with a range of PTX ranging from 1 to 100 nM and a range of NPC2-PTX ranging from 0.35 to 70 nM (PTX equivalent);
- the HMEC-1 are treated with a range of PTX ranging from 0.05 to 50 nM and a range of NPC2-PTX ranging from 0.0175 to 17.5 nM (PTX equivalent); and
- - SK-N-SH are treated with a range of PTX ranging from 5 to 100 nM and a range of NPC2-PTX ranging from 5 to 100 nM (PTX equivalent).
- the seeding and treatment volume is maintained at 150 ⁇ L per well and each condition is performed with a conventional incubation at 37 ° C.
- a cell viability test is performed by an MTT test after 72 hours of treatment. This test uses as reagent 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is converted into formazan (crystal violet) by living cells. The latter absorbing at the wavelength of 600 nm is detectable by an absorbance measurement.
- the cells after undergoing the above treatment with PTX and / or with NPC2-PTX, are treated with 150 ⁇ L of 0.5 mg / mL MTT reagent dispersed in the culture medium (Correard, F., et al., (International Journal of Nanomedicine 9: 5415-5430) for 3 to 5 hours at 37 ° C. As soon as the formazan crystals are visible in the cells under a light field microscope, the medium is replaced by 150 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The cells are then lysed, the dissolved formazan crystals and the absorbance is measured with a Multiskan spectrophotometer (Ascent, Labtec Systems with a 600 nm filter.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the absorbance value of the treated cells with the absorbance value of the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- This assay performed only with the HMEC-1 cell line, is based on a real-time measurement of the resistance induced by a cell monolayer grown on a gold electrode, which will show a variation as cells detach from the surface.
- the impedance measurement is performed with the Real Time Cell Analyst (RTCA, ACEA Biosciences), and provides quantitative information on the biological state of the cells (adhesion, proliferation, mortality) continuously and in real time. Inoculation of a 96-well plate coated with gold electrodes (E-plate 96) is carried out as described previously (see Table 5).
- the plate is removed from the RTCA station, the culture medium is removed and the cells are treated with a range of NPC2-PTX ranging from 0.35 to 17.5 nM (PTX equivalent). ). The plate is then reinserted into the station and the impedance is measured every 15 minutes for at least 72 hours.
- the percentage of cell viability is obtained by comparing the impedance measurement of the treated cells with the measurement of impedance of the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from two independent experiments.
- the cell viability tests were performed by two techniques: an MTT test and then an impedance test to confirm the absence of interaction between the NPC2-PTX and the colorimetric reagent used (MTT) for the measurement of cell survival. .
- Example G231 In vitro study of cytotoxicity induced by PTX and NPCs - PTX The goal is to measure the cell survival rate in the presence of a range of PTX or a range of NPC2-PTX
- the adherent cells are treated with a concentration range of paclitaxel coupled to NPC2 (NPC2-PTX) of 0.1 to 10 pM (PTX equivalent).
- NPC2-PTX concentration range of paclitaxel coupled to NPC2
- the seeding and treatment volume is maintained at 150 ⁇ L per well and each condition is performed with conventional incubation at 37 ° C and 5% CO 2.
- a cell viability test is performed by an MTT test after 72 hours of treatment.
- This test uses as reagent 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is converted into formazan (crystal violet) by living cells. The latter detectable by an absorbance measurement at 600 nm.
- the cells after undergoing the above treatment with PTX and / or with NPC2-PTX, are treated with 150 ⁇ L of 0.5 mg / mL MTT reagent dispersed in the culture medium. As soon as the formazan crystals are visible in the cells under a light field microscope, the medium is replaced by 150 ⁇ l of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- the cells are then lysed, the dissolved formazan crystals and the absorbance is measured with a Multiskan spectrophotometer (Ascent, Labtec Systems with a 600 nm filter)
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the absorbance value of the cells treated with the absorbance value of the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- NPC2-PTX The activity of NPC2-PTX is dose-dependent and achieves a maximal effect of 40 and 80% inhibition of cell survival at the highest doses, for GL261 and U-87 MG respectively ( Figure 14).
- Aim to visualize the microtubular network, target of PTX, in order to look for the pharmacological effects induced by NPC2-PTX, in comparison with PTX.
- the U-87-MG and HMEC-1 cells are inoculated on Lab-Tek® culture chambers (Nunc). After 24 h of incubation, the medium is replaced by different concentrations of NPC2-PTX or PTX (10, 50 and 100 nM). After 6 hours of treatment, the medium is replaced by an ice-cold methanol solution for fixing and permeabilizing the cells. After saturation with a 1% solution of PBS-BSA (bovine serum albumin), the cells are incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C. with a mouse anti-tubulin antibody (clone DM1A, Sigma) diluted in a PBS-solution.
- PBS-BSA bovine serum albumin
- Aim to visualize the microtubule network, target of PTX, in order to look for the pharmacological effects induced by NPC2-PTX, in comparison with NPC2.
- the U-87-MG line is used.
- the U-87-MG cells are seeded on Lab-Tek® culture chambers (Nunc). After 24 h of incubation, the medium is replaced by medium alone (control cells) or by different concentrations of NPC2 (38 and 76 ⁇ g / ml) or NPC2-PTX (38 and 76 ⁇ g / ml equivalent NPC2, 5 and 10). mM equivalent PTX). After 24 hours of treatment, the medium is replaced by an ice-cold methanol solution for fixing and permeabilizing the cells. After saturation with a 1% solution of PBS-BSA (bovine serum albumin), the cells are incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C.
- PBS-BSA bovine serum albumin
- a mouse anti-b-tubulin antibody (clone DM1 A, Sigma) diluted in a solution of PBS. 1% BSA, then 1 hour at 37 ° C. in the dark with a FITC (Cell Signaling Technology) coupled anti-mouse secondary antibody diluted in the 1% PBS-BSA solution.
- the nucleus is labeled with a solution of DAPI or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (0.25 ⁇ g / ml Sigma) for 2 min.
- the slide is finally mounted with Prolong® anti-fluorescence alteration agent (Invitrogen). The observation is carried out under an epifluorescence microscope (Leica DM-IRBE) coupled to a digital camera (Princeton Instruments, CCD camera coolsnap FX).
- OBJECTIVE To observe PTX or NPC2-PTX induced spheroid size changes, compared to control, and to measure the cell survival rate on cells in 3D culture in the presence of a range of PTX or NPC2-PTX concentrations. .
- Spheroids cells in 3D culture make it possible to better represent the tumor environment. They are composed of cells in necrosis in their center and proliferating cells at the periphery. The application of NPC2-PTX on these spheroids allows to study them over a longer time compared to the 2D study.
- the U-87 MG cells are cultured in EMEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U / ml penicillin-streptomycin and 20% (w / v) methylcellulose. The cells are seeded on a round bottom 96-well culture plate, at a concentration of 1000 cells / well, 72 hours before treatment. The cells are maintained at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 and 10 ⁇ l of fresh medium are added every two days to all the wells (controls and treated).
- the cells are incubated in culture medium (control cells) or containing PTX (9, 25 and 40 nM) or NPC2-PTX (25, 70, 100 nM). These concentrations correspond to the IC 5 o calculated in 2D (equitoxic doses), to 2.8 times the ICso and to 4 times the IC 5 o ⁇
- the follow-up of the treatment is done on the day of the treatment (jO), 7 days (d7) and / or 14 days (d14) after treatment.
- This measurement is done in one step and uses a reagent based on resazurin, which is reduced by living cells.
- the measured signal is proportional to the number of living cells.
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the level of fluorescence emitted by the reduced Alamar Blue reagent in the treated cells with the level present in the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- OBJECTIVE To observe size changes in NPC2-PTX-mediated spheroids compared to control, and to measure the cell survival rate on cells in 3D culture.
- Spheroids cells in 3D culture make it possible to better represent the tumor environment. They are composed of necrotic cells in their center and proliferating cells at the periphery. The application of NPC2-PTX on these spheroids allows to study them over a longer time compared to the 2D study.
- the GL261 cells are cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U / ml penicillin-streptomycin and 20% (w / v) methylcellulose. The cells are seeded on a round bottom 96-well culture plate, at a concentration of 1000 cells / well, 72 hours before treatment. The cells are maintained at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 and 10 ⁇ l of fresh medium are added every two days to all the wells (controls and treated).
- the cells are incubated in culture medium (control cells) or containing NPC2 (76 and 153 ⁇ g / ml) or NPC2-PTX (76 and 153 ⁇ g / ml equivalent NPC2 either
- the percentage of viability is obtained by comparing the level of fluorescence emitted by the reduced Alamar Blue reagent in the treated cells with the level present in the untreated control cells, which is considered as reference and equivalent to 100% viability.
- the standard deviation is calculated from 3 independent experiments.
- NPC2-PTX After treatment for 13 days with NPC2-PTX at 153 ⁇ g / ml equivalent, ie 20 ⁇ M PTX equivalent, the NPC2-PTX inhibit cell viability very significantly compared with NPC2 (p ⁇ 0.001).
- the results of the Alamar Blue test thus confirm the inhibition of growth observed by optical microscopy and highlight a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect.
- NPC2 naked is safe on spheroids whereas NPC2-PTX has anti-cancer dose-time-dependent activity (Figure 21)
- Example G281 Stability study under storage conditions (4 ° C)
- the purity of NPC2s dispersed in ultrapure water is determined by HPLC, in order to quantitatively determine the presence of free PTX that could have been released from its binding from NPC2-PTX under storage conditions.
- the chromatographic separation of PTX is carried out on a Phenomenex Kinetex XD-C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm, 2.6 ⁇ m).
- the isocratic elution is carried out with a mobile phase composed of 50% acetonitrile, 1 mM ammonium acetate and 0.05% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 ml / min.
- the effluent is detected at 229 nm with a diode array detector.
- the standard PTX calibration curves (10 to 1000 nM) show a retention time of 3.3 ⁇ 0.2 min. A quantization limit of 10 nM was determined.
- Example G291 Stability study in a biological medium at 37 ° C.
- Aim to determine the stability of the NPC 2 -PTX binding under physiological conditions.
- the amount of free PTX present in a whole blood sample of C57BL / 6 mice containing a concentration of 60 mg / L of NPC2-PTX (equivalent to 6 mg / L of PTX) was determined by liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC assay. after incubation for 48 hours at room temperature. The extraction of the free PTX is carried out in the same way as from the culture medium.
- the free PTX concentration in the blood was 0.64 mg / L, indicating a release of approximately 11% of the PTX load of the NPCs 2 .
- Example G311 Determination of the DMT after single intracerebral injection of the N PCs and NPC? -PTX
- Aim To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of NPC2-PTX and NPC2 during intracerebral injection in healthy C57BU6 mice.
- the needle of a 25 ⁇ l Hamilton syringe is inserted 3 mm from the brain surface and left in place 3 minutes before the injection begins.
- the injection of a total volume of 20 ⁇ L is carried out with an electric syringe pump according to the following scheme: 3 ⁇ L in 15 minutes, then 5 ⁇ L in 10 minutes, and finally 12 ⁇ L in 15 minutes.
- the injection is followed by a pause time of 5 minutes before the rise of the needle, performed at a rate of 0.5 mm per minute.
- the wound is sutured and the animals are monitored until waking. The Animal behavior is then observed for 14 days and their weight regularly measured.
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