EP3717273A1 - Système de codage permettant de créer une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou une pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur - Google Patents

Système de codage permettant de créer une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou une pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur

Info

Publication number
EP3717273A1
EP3717273A1 EP18821988.5A EP18821988A EP3717273A1 EP 3717273 A1 EP3717273 A1 EP 3717273A1 EP 18821988 A EP18821988 A EP 18821988A EP 3717273 A1 EP3717273 A1 EP 3717273A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
phosphors
security
emission
coding system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18821988.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3717273B1 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Starick
Manfred Paeschke
Christian Kunath
Gustav Martin BARTEL
Roland HEISE
Cornelia VANDAHL
Sylke RÖSLER
Sven RÖSLER
Wolfgang Kempfert
Guido HAUßMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Original Assignee
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundesdruckerei GmbH filed Critical Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Publication of EP3717273A1 publication Critical patent/EP3717273A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3717273B1 publication Critical patent/EP3717273B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/24—Passports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/2033—Matching unique patterns, i.e. patterns that are unique to each individual paper

Definitions

  • An encoding system for forming a security feature in or on a security or value document or a plurality of security or value documents
  • the invention relates to a coding system for forming a security feature in or on a security or value document or a plurality of security or value documents. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security feature, wel Ches is formed in the form of multiple security elements. Moreover, the invention further relates to a security or value document comprising a erfindungsge according to security feature.
  • Luminescent organic and / or inorganic materials have long been used in a variety of ways as security features in security and value documents, such as banknotes, passports, identity cards, driving licenses, etc., but also in product protection.
  • level 1 features which can be checked by humans through seeing and feeling without additional devices
  • level 2 optical effects based on the increasing general availability of simple handsets for optical excitation (for example, in the form of easy-to-use UV or infrared LEDs), and more and more of "ordinary citizens". can be perceived and evaluated as security features.
  • luminescent security elements belonging to this feature class are already found in countless security and value documents (passports, ID cards, theater cards), although such "quasi-level 1" features often lack the necessary security against counterfeiting.
  • luminescent security features in addition to their level 2 functionality, also have a level 3 security characteristic that could be the provision of machine readable codes.
  • Derarti ge codes could be used to verify the authenticity of the nominal value coding or even for sorting, for example, from different banknote denominations or value products.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a coding system for forming a security feature in or on a security or value document and a system for forming security features in the form of security elements in which a visualization of the security features is possible with the aid of simple excitation sources and At the same time an increased and required falsification security is provided.
  • the technical object is achieved by a coding system according to claim 1, a security features according to claim 19 and a security or value document according to claim 20.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention show, however, from the dependent claims.
  • Luminescence is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a physical system during the transition from an excited state to the ground state. Depending on the conditions of excitation and the spectral range of the emitted electromagnetic radiation, different types of luminescence are distinguished (for example, photo luminescence, cathodoluminescence, X-ray luminescence, electroluminescence, etc.).
  • Photoluminescence here refers to the type of luminescence in which the excitation takes place with the aid of UV radiation and the resulting luminescence radiation is emitted in the visible spectral range (VIS, approximately 380 to 780 nm).
  • Anti-Stokes luminescence is a special case of luminescence, wherein after multi-stage IR-induced excitation also takes place emission in the visible Spek tral Scheme.
  • Phosphors are organic or inorganic chemical compounds which show luminescence phenomena upon excitation with electromagnetic or particle radiation or upon excitation by means of electric fields.
  • activator and optionally additionally coactivators are incorporated into the luminescent phosphor lattices (phosphor matrices) formed by the chemical compounds, activator agents acting as radiation centers and optionally additionally. Frequently these phosphors are present as solids, in particular in the form of luminescent pigments.
  • An emission spectrum describes the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the phosphors or of the light emitted by them.
  • Such an emission spectrum may consist of emission lines and / or emission bands.
  • a code is generally a mapping rule for the assignment of characters, symbols or measurable properties to a character set.
  • luminescent zenzcodes result from the spectral sequence of the emission lines and / or emission bands of the selected phosphors and / or fluorescent combinations, which are usually by the wavelengths of the emission maxima (A max - values), the intensity ratios between the selected emission lines and / or - and possibly also characterized by the half-widths of these emissions.
  • the CIE standard valence system (also known as the CIE standard color system) is a three-dimensional colorimetric system defined by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) in 1931, which allows the description of colors and self-illuminants by the X, Y and Z standard color values. These result from linear, additive evaluation of the respective emission spectrum with one of the three standard spectral value functions 5 (1) ; y (i) and z ( ⁇ ).
  • CIE standard valence system and “CIE standard color system” are used equivalently to each other in the present invention.
  • the CIE color coordinates x, y and z denote the ratios of the standard color values X, Y and Z to their sum.
  • the representation of the color coordinates x and y gives the educadi dimensional standard color chart, which then no longer contains the brightness information. Due to the physiology of the eye, different spectral distributions can lead to identical color coordinates.
  • the CIE normal valence system is based on the definition of an ideal normal observer whose spectral value functions correspond to the standard spectral value functions ( ⁇ ), y ⁇ l) and z ( ⁇ ). Colors and luminescent materials (such as phosphors) that have the same color coordinates are called color identical.
  • Color perception and color perception of an individual observer may differ from those of the defined normal observer.
  • Color discrimination is the measure of perception of color differences by individual viewers.
  • MacAdam ellipses describe tolerance ranges in the standard value table, which are distinguished by the fact that the different x, y Coordinate based color differences of different colors under defined Sehbe conditions and with a certain probability of individual observers are not perceived. It can thus be given for the perceived color uniformity To To leranz for the color differences, which can be color value dependent.
  • the acceptable color differences of the objectively measured color co-ordinates, which are still considered to be the same color by individual observers, can thus be predefined.
  • color identical or "color identity” is thus understood in the present invention that two phosphors under predetermined excitation conditions have identi cal color coordinates in the CIE Normvalenzsystem.
  • equal color or "color uniformity” is understood in the present invention so that two phosphors under a predetermined excitation, which are within a tolerance color range of the CIE standard color system, such as a MacAdam ellipse, from a sufficiently large group of observers among the predetermined excitation conditions with a specified probability as indistinguishable.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a coding system for forming a security feature in or on one or more security or value documents, comprising send different, in the non-visible spectral range, in particular in the ultraviolet or infrared spectral, excitable and emitting in the visible spectral de phosphors and / or can be created from them luminescent combinations, the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations at a given excitation depending Weil different emission spectra in the visible spectral range such that each of the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations is characterized by at least one individually distinguished emission line and / or emission band different from the individually awarded emission lines and / or emission bands of the other phosphors and / or phosphor combinations, the coding system being at least three Phosphors comprises, wherein the at least three Leuchtstof fe and / or created from these phosphors fluorescent combinations in the form of at least three luminescent security elements n for the security feature depending Weil at a
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a security feature comprising the same features as the coding system according to the invention.
  • the object described above is achieved by forming the respective codes in the ultraviolet spectral range (namely at wavelengths between 380 and 315 nm (UV-A), 315 and 280 nm (UV-B) and between 280 and 200 nm (UV-C)) or in the infrared spectral range (IR, for example at 950 or 980 nm) stimulable and emitting in the visible range phosphors in each case to safety elements, for example, to corresponding markers, assembled and combined that at a given optical Excitation, for example, with a certain UV radiation source, caused color impressions of various security elements of a security feature are perceived by the human eye as the same color.
  • the ultraviolet spectral range namely at wavelengths between 380 and 315 nm (UV-A), 315 and 280 nm (UV-B) and between 280 and 200 nm (UV-C)
  • IR infrared spectral range
  • the security elements of a security feature perceived as having the same color as regards their luminescence can be used in different security or value documents (for example banknotes, identity cards, passports, driving licenses, etc.) or else in product protection. Color matching appearing, but different codes having marks can be used, for example, for the purpose of Nennwertcodie tion of different currency denominations.
  • the same color perceived markers as Si security features several times in the same, similar or different designs one and the same security or value document to integrate.
  • color-identical or color-identical security elements can be generated so well with close to each other but also with more widely spaced emission lines and / or emission bands.
  • the spectral distance of the individual emission lines is not directly decisive for the desired equal color impression of the emitted luminescence of the individual markings, but very well for the expense which must be operated for reliable spectrometric verification.
  • Further criteria for the selection of the phosphors for the coding system are, for example, the highest possible luminescence yield, a sufficiently high stability and aging resistance to environmental influences, and a particle size distribution of the luminescent pigments adapted to the selected printing and application methods. These properties are also of great importance, for example, for the manner in which the security elements are used on or in the respective security and value documents, as well as for the secure verifiability over the entire lifetime or duration of use of the security or value document.
  • the application of the security elements can take place, for example, by means of customary printing technologies (gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing or screen printing methods etc.) or else by utilizing other types of coating processes, the materials to be coated being composed of both paper and paper. different plastics or even other organic or anor ganic substances may exist. Furthermore, it can also be provided to use the safety elements about admixtures of the phosphors in plastics, wherein the plastics are then introduced into the security or value document.
  • the basic grid (matrix) for the UV-stimulable inorganic phosphors used for producing the security elements according to the invention may be, for example, the following materials: Borates (eg LaB0 3 , SrBgO 10 , CaYB0 4 , SrB 4 0 7 , YAI 3 B 4 0i 2i SrB 3 0i 3 ' Ca 2 B 5 0gBr), nitrides (eg CaAISiN 3 , Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 , MgSiN 2 , GaN), oxynitrides (eg SrSi 2 N 2 O 2 , a-SiAION, ⁇ -SiAION , Oxides (eg Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Sc 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Lu 2 O 3 ), halides and oxyhalides (eg CaF
  • inorganic substance classes such as, for example, borides, carbides, scandates, titanates, germanates and yttrates. This list is not a restriction kung, it can also include more classes of materials or individual compounds in the selection of suitable as a phosphor base grid inorganic solid compounds.
  • the activation of the selected basic lattice is carried out by the specific incorporation of each one or more foreign ions in the respective phosphor matrix, in the case of excitable in the ultraviolet spectral and visible in the visible luminescent substances especially rare earth ions and / or ions of transition metals for doping or codoping be used.
  • These activator and optionally additionally introduced coactivator ions form the radiation centers in the respective base gratings and, in interaction with them, determine the luminescence properties of the inorganic phosphors.
  • anti-Stokes luminescence or up-conversion The conversion of infrared excitation radiation into visible light, effected with the aid of phosphors, is referred to as anti-Stokes luminescence or up-conversion. It only succeeds by providing such phosphor materials which are capable of transforming the exciting IR radiation into the visible spectral range by multi-stage excitation processes.
  • Oxidic compounds eg Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 MoO 6 , LaNbO 4 , LiYSiO 4
  • oxyhalides eg YOCl, LaOCl, LaOBr, YOF, LaOF
  • base lattice for such inorganic phosphors which can be used according to the invention.
  • Oxysulfides eg Y 2 0 2 S, La 2 0 2 S, Gd 2 0 2 S, Lu 2 0 2 S
  • fluorides eg YF 3 , LaF 3 , LiYF 4 , NaYF 4 , NaLaF 4 , BaYF 5
  • Luminescence are used as radiation centers in the anti-Stokes phosphors usually the Seltenerdionenkombinationen Yb 3+ -He 3+, Yb 3+ -Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ -Ho 3+.
  • natuer Lich in the UV or IR spectral excitable and visibly emitting or ganische phosphors such as different, rare earth-activated organic complex compounds for Fier ein color identical security elements. These may optionally be combined with selected inorganic luminescent pigments.
  • the phosphors selected for the particular application of the coding system are determined by deliberately changing the chemical composition of the respective host (lattice) lattice, i. by deliberately made substitutions in the cation and / or anion sublattice, modified so that the emission spectra of these exclusive phosphors differ significantly from those of the luminophores used in conventional industrial applications or even those which have been described in detail in the specialist literature.
  • the preferred use of such phosphors with exclusive emission spectra can further increase the anti-counterfeiting security of the value or security documents provided with the coding system.
  • the coding system according to the invention offers a variety of embodiments for different levels of security and applications. It is possible to provide color-identi- cal or color-matched markings whose authenticity can be tested with simple edge sensors, but also those in which high-resolution spectrometers are required for reliable verification of the codes. The span of the Verification options range from forensic testing in specialized laboratories to high-speed detection of machine-readable codes.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the luminescent codes assigned to the luminescent security elements are formed from the different spectral sequence of the individually distinguished emission lines and / or emission bands of the phosphors and / or fluorescent combinations.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the luminescent security elements associated Lumineszenzcodes from the intensity ratios of the individually distinguished emission lines and / or emission bands of the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations are formed.
  • Yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein at least one further phosphor and thus further phosphor combinations are provided for the formation of further luminescent security elements with other luminescence codes.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the color coordinates of the luminescent security elements on mixing ratios of the phosphors used for phosphor combinations set the who, resulting in defined relative intensity ratios of the individually excellent emission lines and / or emission bands for the phosphor combination.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein at least one of the phosphors comprises an organic phosphor, in particular a rare-activated organic complex compound.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein at least one of the phosphors comprises an inorganic phosphor.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system in which both inorganic and organic phosphors of different particle size, and in particular For example, nanoscale phosphors or quantum dots, as well as corresponding phosphor combinations are used.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the phosphors are modified by targeted substitutions in the phosphor lattice, so that they have an exclusive emission spectrum.
  • Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations in one or more ultraviolet wavelength ranges, namely at wavelengths between 380 nm and 315 nm (UV-A) and / or at wavelengths between 315 nm and 280 nm (UV-B) and / or at wavelengths between 280 nm and 200 nm (UV-C) are excitable.
  • UV-A 380 nm and 315 nm
  • UV-B 315 nm and 280 nm
  • UV-C nm
  • a particular embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the luminescent security elements of the security feature at at least two adjustable in the ultraviolet spectral excitation conditions, ie in the UV-A and / or in the UV-B and / or in the UV-C spectral region, are color identical or the same color.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the lu mineswarden security elements of the security feature at each of the pre given NEN suggestions in the UV-A, UV-B or UV-C spectral range are color identical or perceived the same color.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system wherein the luminescent security elements of the security feature at different predetermined suggestions different color coordinates in the CIE standard color system or at least those color coordinates that are within another tolerance color range of the CIE standard color system, so that the luminescent security elements indeed be perceived color identical or the same color at a given given suggestions, but have a different color identity or color match in another given suggestions.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations in the infrared wavelength range, namely at wavelengths between 950 nm and 980 nm are excitable.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the maxima of the individually distinguished emission lines and / or emission bands of the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations are spaced only a few nanometers apart, in particular a distance of less than 10 nm, particularly preferably a distance of less than 5 nm, most preferably have a distance of less than 3 nm.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein a further information on the manner of arrangement of the security elements of the security feature, for example on the location or a form ofrestaurantele Mentes, for example in the form of a symbol, figure or icon, the security elements assigned is.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein all the color coordinates of the phosphors covered by the coding system lie essentially on a straight line in the CIE standard color system.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system, wherein the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations have a substantially identical or similar aging resistance.
  • the inventive coding system for forming a security feature in or on a security or value document or a plurality of security or value documents is particularly characterized in that it is based on the use of different in the non-visible spectral range, in particular in the ultraviolet (UV). or infrared (IR) spectral range stimulable and emitting in the visible spectral range phosphors and / or phosphor combinations, the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations under given excitation conditions each have different emission spectra in the visible Spektralbe rich, so that each of the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations by at least an individually awarded emission line or emission band which differs from the individually awarded emission lines or emission bands of the other phosphors and / or phosphor combinations.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • the coding system is furthermore characterized in that it comprises at least three, preferably exclusive, phosphors and / or the phosphor combinations made from these phosphors, which are combined to form safety elements in the form of security elements and wherein each security element is assigned a code which comprises the spectral sequence of the individually awarded emission lines or emission bands of the at least three phosphors and / or phosphor combinations and / or the intensity ratios of these emission lines and / or emission bands is formed.
  • the inventive solution is characterized in that all luminescent security elements assembled to a safety feature have identical color coordinates in a CIE standard color system or at least those color coordinates within a tolerance color range of the CIE standard color system, for example a MacAdam ellipse , In this way it can be ensured that all equipped with Lumineszenzcodes security elements of a security feature of the invention under defined conditions of excitation perceived by the viewer as the same color who the.
  • the color coordinates of the emission spectra of the individual phosphors in the CIE standard color system must be largely on a straight line to provide zenzcodes by combining these phosphors several different luminescence with identical color coordinates can.
  • at least three distinct codes with exactly identical color coordinates and different spectral sequence of the individually awarded emission lines can be generated by the combination of two of the selected three phosphors (phosphor pairs) and one corresponding triple combination (fluorescent triplet) can be formed. If you also use the intensity ratios between the selected emissions for the code setting in addition to the spectral characteristic, there are further possibilities for the formation of distinguishable triple combinations.
  • the exact setting of the color coordinates of the individual combinations is limited to certain mixing ratios. relationships between the individual phosphors. In a triangular arrangement of the resulting from the emission spectra color coordinates of three un ferent phosphors around a predetermined target color coordinate, however, there is only a single way to set the exact destination Farbort. This means that only a single luminescence code could be generated in this way.
  • the possibilities for providing distinguishable luminescence codes can be further increased. It should be borne in mind that the number of generated codes in example also depends on the specific positioning of the target Farbortes and the allowed spectral distances between the maxima of the individually awarded emission lines and / or bands. In addition, it should be noted that the luminophores used in practice, for example modified rare earth-activated phosphors, already have, as individual components, in most cases multiple emission lines and frequently complex line spectra. This also increases the number of possible code assignments at the level 3 security level.
  • a method for producing a security feature of a coding system for use in security or value documents, as well as in product protection.
  • a first step decisions about the excitation conditions for the inventive luminescence feature, about the desired target color location or a correspondingly defined tolerance color range for the realization of the desired color bidentity of the individual security elements required for the security feature and the number of codes required for authenticity protection. These decisions depend on the nature and use of the value and security documents or products to be protected, on the cost of verifying the luminescence codes and on the design specifications for the feature.
  • Another step concerns the selection of the necessary for the production of the required safety elements phosphors.
  • the selection can be made on the basis of the measured emission spectra of the phosphors to be evaluated, preferably with exclusive emission characteristics.
  • the CIE color coordinates of the individual luminescent substances which can be calculated from the emission spectra, provide information as to whether and how many combinations of these luminescent substances are available for realizing the predetermined target color location or a corresponding tolerance color range.
  • the mixing ratios of the components which are important for the production of the phosphor combinations can be predicted.
  • the subsequent step of the method is directed to the optionally required experimental verification and setting of the mixing ratios of the creation of the color-identical security elements of the security feature.
  • the experimental review is neces sary to interactions between the phosphors used and other factors influencing the independent and different optical properties (self-emission, absorption and reflection behavior) of the other organic and inorganic components (binders, additives) for the application the safety feature used color compositions and the optical effects of ver used support materials are based to be considered.
  • the applied or incorporation of the selected phosphors and / or phosphor combinations takes place on or in the carrier materials of the respective security or value documents.
  • This process step can be carried out, for example, with the aid of the customary printing processes (gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing or screen printing). procedure, etc.) or using other coating technologies.
  • a final step of the method for producing a security feature according to the invention is reserved for the final code assignment.
  • the emission coefficients necessary for the authenticity verification and suitable code forming emission maxima (A max values) of the individually selected, preferably exclusive emission lines and / or Emission bands and such emission lines and / or bands, in which the ratio of the respective Lumi neszenzintensticianen can be regarded as a code representing property, selected and associated with a character set, for example, a number or letters from letters.
  • the essence of the invention is determined by the provision of a method for reading the luminescence codes and for verifying the authenticity of the security elements of a security feature of the coding system according to the invention, for example designed as markers.
  • This method comprises: exciting the phosphors present in the security elements and / or Leuchtstoffkombina tions with a predetermined invisible excitation radiation, which is generated in particular by suitable UV or IR radiation sources, detecting the electromagnetic spectral spectra these phosphors and / or fluorescent combinations in one Before, the visible spectral range was adjusted with the help of suitable optical spectrometers, as well as the evaluation of the measurement results and the final authentication, where the presence of the stored code relevant emission characteristics is checked and compared with the deposited code information.
  • the required technical effort for the safe verification of the individual, the respective security feature of the coding system forming, security elements introduced color identical or same color luminescence depends on various factors. These include the width of the spectral range to be detected in the visible region and the extent of the complexity of the individual, preferably exclusive emission spectra of the phosphors and / or phosphor combinations used, in particular small spectral distances between the maxima of the characteristic emission lines relevant for the code formation and / or tied the use require powerful optical spectrometers with a high spectral resolution assets.
  • the advantage of the invention lies here in the great scope for the concrete Ausgestal direction of belonging to an inventive security feature security elements, which is opened by the many possible combinations of different phosphors.
  • it can be decided exactly how small the spectral distance of, for example, at least two individually selected emission lines should be in view of the highest level of counterfeiting security and how small it is in view of the verification circumstances, for example under the conditions a high-speed detection, can be.
  • the maxima of at least two of the individually awarded, preferably exclusive emissi onslinien belonging to a security feature security elements in the electro-magnetic spectrum are only a few nanometers away from each other, this preferably a distance of less than 10 nm, more preferably have a distance of less than 5 nm and, most preferably have a distance of less than 3 nm.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention further consists in that the security elements assembled to security features not only at a predetermined optical excitation, but at least also in another, of the first basically distinguishable optical excitation, be perceived by the human eye as the same color.
  • the ultraviolet spectral range in the literature and in the technical avertion in the ranges UV-A (380-315 nm), UV-B (315-280 nm) and in the UV-C Radiation range (280-100 nm) divided, with different radiation sources are available for the individual types of radiation defined.
  • luminescent materials and phosphor combinations can be selected, preferably exclusive emission spectra, for example, both in the excitation with UV-A and UV-B radiation sources in CIE standard color system identical color coordinates or have those that are within designated tolerance color ranges, so that all equipped with different luminescence codes security elements ent speaking security feature under both conditions of excitation are perceived by the viewer as the same color.
  • luminescent security elements can also be provided for the change between UV-A and UV-C excitation or for the change between UV-B and UV-C excitation the perceived after the excitation color impressions are retained even when changing the excitation conditions.
  • the variety of possible variations for the embodiment of the invention is also expressed in that even with a caused by the change of UV excitation sources change the perceptible color impressions of the security elements, the emission spectra of the selected phosphors and phosphor combinations can be set in front of advantageous manner that the luminescent elements are evaluated under the respectively defined excitation conditions as mutually the same color. This means that the observer perceives all security elements in one type of excitation, for example, as the same color as red and in the other type of excitation, for example, as the same color as green.
  • the security elements used for the Ausbil tion of an inventive security feature which preferably have the same color impressions in different excitation conditions in the UV spectral range can also be equipped so that required for the training of level-3 security codes individually awarded , and in particular exclusive emission lines and / or emission bands are emitted only in one of the different types of excitation and are therefore available only under these excitation conditions for the authenticity verification.
  • the coding system forms a further information about an arrangement and / or a contour of the security elements on or in the security or value document.
  • Such an arrangement may be, for example, a certain position on the security or value document.
  • the security element itself can also have a certain contour, example, the shape of a character, a symbol, a number or a pictogram.
  • FIGS. 2a-j the emission spectra of phosphor combinations formed from the three model phosphors shown in FIGS. 1a to 1e and whose color coordinates coincide with the predetermined target color location;
  • Phosphor combinations of four model phosphors wherein the color coordinates of the four individual model phosphors according to FIG. 5a are positioned in the form of a quadrangle about a possible target color location,
  • FIGS. 7a-e show exemplary emission spectra of phosphor combinations, in particular phosphor pairs and triple combinations, which are formed from the three selected real phosphors shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c,
  • FIGS. 7a-e shows the color coordinates in the CIE standard color chart of the emission spectra of the phosphor pairs and triple combinations of the three selected real phosphors shown in FIGS. 7a-e, and FIG
  • Tab. 7 color coordinates of the selected three real phosphors as well as the combinations of these phosphors formed according to the specified mixing ratios.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of the CIE standard color chart 5 of the CIE standard valence system.
  • the CIE standard valence system was defined to establish a relationship between human color perception and the physical causes of the color stimulus, and typically captures the entirety of all true colors, referring to a defined normal observer.
  • FIG. 1 a and in particular the enlarged partial area in FIG. 1 b show the x and y color coordinates 10, 20, 30 of the emission lines of three simulated, possible lent single luminescent substance in the CIE standard color chart.
  • the enlargement according to FIG. 1 b shows that these color coordinates 10, 20, 30 lie essentially on a straight line in the CIE standard color chart.
  • the color coordinates 10, 20, 30 are shown with un ferent symbols, namely color coordinate 10 as a triangle D, color coordinate 20 as a square ⁇ and color coordinate 30 as a circle o, Fig. 1c to 1 e then the corresponding emission spectra (emission lines) 1, 2, 3 branches.
  • FIGS. 1 c to 1 e show the emission spectra which belong to the x and y color coordinates of the color coordinates 10, 20, 30 shown in FIG. 1 b and the symbols D, ⁇ and o, respectively.
  • the emission emission emission wavelengths are 619.8 nm for the emission spectrum 1 (D symbol), 624.2 nm for the emission spectrum 2 (D symbol) and 626 for the emission spectrum 3 (o symbol) , 4 nm very close together.
  • the colorimetric widths of the individually selected emission lines were set at 1 nm.
  • the characteristic data of the selected model fluorescent materials are summarized again in the following Table 1.
  • Figs. 2a and 2b show again (as well as Fig.la) a representation of the x and y color coordinates 10, 20, 30 of the emission spectra / emission lines 1, 2, 3 of the three simulated possible individual luminescent substances in the CIE standard color chart they have already been shown in FIG. 1.
  • a possible defined target color coordinate / destination color location 50 is also specified and marked with the symbol *.
  • Fig. 2 representations show that the possible predetermined target coordinate or the predetermined target color location 50 (see Fig. 2b) can be realized by different combinations of the three selected th model luminaire , In this case, several color-identical emission spectra 12, 13, 123-1 or 123-2 are obtained, which can be used to form color-identical luminescence codes.
  • the number of color-identical security elements that can be generated in this way depends on whether the code assignment is based exclusively on the different spectral sequence of the selected linear emissions or whether the intensity ratios between the individual individually distinguished emission lines are also included as a code-forming property.
  • exactly three distinguishable emission spectra with identical color coordinates can therefore be created on the basis of the selected phosphors. These relate to the pairwise combination of two of the three phosphors (Fig. 2c and 2d) ent speaking three combination. Examples of the emission spectrum of this one three combination are shown in Figs. 2e and 2f.
  • Fig. 2c shows the emission spectrum 12, which is a combination of a first and a second phosphor.
  • Fig. 2d shows the emission spectrum 13
  • wel Ches is a combination of the first and third phosphor
  • Fig. 2e shows the emission spectrum 123-1, which represents a possible triple combination of the first, second and third model phosphor.
  • Figure 2f shows the emission spectrum 123-2, an alternative triplet combination of the first, second and third model phosphors, characterized by a different mixing ratio.
  • FIG. 2f shows a possible example of a further combination of the emission spectra of the three fictive phosphors, in which the set intensity ratios of the code-forming lines differ significantly from those of FIG. 2e.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3e and 4a to 4e and the accompanying Tables 3 and 4 illustrate another possible example of creating a coding system based on three other model phosphors which also have sinusoidal emissions and color coordinates , which in turn are in a straight line in the CIE color chart.
  • FIGS. 3c to 3e show the emission spectra 1 ' , 2 ' , 3 'of the three selected, modeled (imaginary) phosphors used for model calculations. From these, the x and y color coordinates 10 ' , 20 ' , 30 'to which the symbols D, ⁇ and o are assigned in FIGS. 3a and 3b can be assigned.
  • the fictive phosphors selected for this example have significantly greater distances between the different emission maxima.
  • the colorimetric widths of the model phosphors were set so that both linear (see, for example, Fig. 3e) and banded emissions (see, for example, Fig. 3d) result. From Figs. 3a and 3b shows that due to the comparatively large spectral distances en and the color coordinates of the example phosphors in the CIE standard color chart are far apart. The corresponding color impressions show a clear color shift and thus a clear color difference and vary from Gün to red.
  • distinguishable emission spectra 12 ' , 13 ' , 123-G, 123-2 ' with identical color coordinates can be obtained by a specific combination of the phosphors (the target color location has again been marked with the symbol *, compare FIG. 4a). and on this basis able color identical or at least the same color security elements are created.
  • 4b and 4c show the emission spectra 12 ' , 13 ' of the correspondingly configured phosphor pairs, Figs. 4d and 4e, the emission spectra 123-1 ' , 123-2 ' of two at play selected three-way combinations by different Intensticiansver ratios of individually excellent emission lines and emission bands.
  • FIG. 5 A further example to illustrate the invention is shown in the illustrations of FIG. 5, the associated data being given in Tab. 5 and 6.
  • the emission lines of four fictitious phosphors with those shown in Fig. 5a color coordinates 10 " , 20 “ , 30 “ , 40 “ (again shown with the symbols: triangle D, square ⁇ , circle o and circle with cross ⁇ ) in the form of a square to a target color location 50 "(* symbol) around grouped. at the same time the positioning of the target color location 50 has been” made so that it lies between two of the angenomme NEN color coordinates of the model phosphors, that is, on the diagonals of each to opposite color coordinates.
  • the different aging resistance of the selected phosphors can lead to the color uniformity of the created security elements being lost over the useful life and, on the other hand, to the fact that a code assignment based on defined intensity ratios can no longer be reliably detected in extreme cases.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 and Tab. 7 describe an example for the configuration of an inventive security feature, which is based on the use of real phosphors with correspondingly characteristic emission spectra T ", 2" ', 3' ".
  • three inorganic, europiumakti fourth rare earth pigments were selected for Fierstel development of the required color-equivalent security elements, and applied in the form of standardized markers (print strip) on a paper backing.
  • the measured at a given excitation in the UV-B region (313 nm excitation source) emission spectra of these three phosphors are shown in Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6c.
  • the emission spectra T ", 2" ', 3' "of the three real (single) phosphors have an ensemble of several characteristic emission lines. This results in further possibilities for a code assignment, which can affect not only the respective main emission lines of these phosphors, but also under defenceli che secondary lines.
  • the emission spectra (measured at a 313 nm excitation) are 12 '', 13 '', 23 '', 123-T ', 123-2''and123-3''.
  • the exemplary emission spectra 12 '', 13 '', 23 '', 123-T ', 123-2' 'and 123-3' 'contain numerous sufficiently separate lines and stable intensity constellations to which a luminescence code is assigned can be. This concerns both the main emission lines of the individual luminescent substances included in the combinations as well as further lines and characteristic line groupings.
  • security elements can be provided whose code-forming Emission characteristics can be safely verified even at relatively high readout speeds (for example, in ATMs or in sorting machines from central banks).
  • FIG. 8 shows the color coordinates calculated from the respective emission spectra 12 '", 13'", 23 '", 123-T", 123-2 “' and 123-3 '""".
  • 130 '", 230'", 1230-T ", 1230-2 '" and 1230-3'” are shown in a section of the CIE standard color chart. It becomes clear that these coordinates, as expected, at least tend to lie on a straight line, although they have a clearly perceptible scattering.
  • the strong enlargement of the selected range of the CIE standard color chart on the other hand, but also the fact that the mixing ratios for the provision of the different phosphor combinations were initially chosen comparatively arbitrarily to take into account.
  • FIG. 9a shows that the color coordinates of virtually all the luminescent security features presented (ie also the one of the component components 20 '' and 30 '') lie in a tolerance ellipse 51 determined on the basis of the psychometric measurements, which means that they are not affected by the Subjects with a very high probability were perceived as the same color.
  • An exception is only the calculated for the single luminescent color coordinate 10 '", wel cher is outside the tolerance ellipse / tolerance color range 51.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de codage permettant de créer une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur, comprenant différentes substances luminescentes et/ou différentes combinaisons composées desdites substances luminescentes, pouvant être excitées dans le domaine spectral invisible et émettant dans le domaine spectral visible, les substances luminescentes et/ou ou les combinaisons de substances luminescentes présentant respectivement dans le domaine spectral visible des spectres d'émission différents pour une excitation prédéfinie, de sorte que chacune des substances luminescentes et/ou des combinaisons de substances luminescentes se distingue par au moins une ligne d'émission et/ou une bande d'émission caractérisée individuellement qui est différente des lignes d'émission et/ou des bandes d'émission caractérisées individuellement des autres substances luminescentes et/ou combinaisons de substances luminescentes. Le système de codage comprend au moins trois substances luminescentes, les trois ou plus de trois substances luminescentes et/ou les combinaisons de substances luminescentes formées à partir desdites substances luminescentes étant appliquées sous la forme d'au moins trois éléments de sécurité luminescents de la caractéristique de sécurité, et chacun des éléments de sécurité luminescents de la caractéristique de sécurité étant perçu pour l'excitation prédéfinie comme présentant une couleur identique ou la même couleur.
EP18821988.5A 2017-11-27 2018-11-06 Système de codage permettant de créer une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou une pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur Active EP3717273B1 (fr)

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DE102017127923.7A DE102017127923A1 (de) 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten
PCT/DE2018/100901 WO2019101267A1 (fr) 2017-11-27 2018-11-06 Système de codage permettant de créer une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou une pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur

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DE102018129365A1 (de) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten
DE102019006315A1 (de) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Optisch variables Sicherheitselement
DE102019008116A1 (de) * 2019-11-21 2021-05-27 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Lumineszenzelement mit Lumineszenzmotivbereich
DE102022000932A1 (de) * 2022-03-17 2023-09-21 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wertdokumenten und Sensorsystem zur Qualitätsprüfung bei der Herstellung von Wertdokumenten

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NL6603007A (fr) 1965-03-08 1966-09-09
GB1143362A (en) 1965-03-08 1969-02-19 American Cyanamid Co Information recording
EP1179807A1 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-13 Banque Nationale De Belgique S.A. Dispositif antifraude pour document.
DE10346685A1 (de) 2003-10-08 2005-05-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Codiersystem für Wertdokumente
EP1647947A1 (fr) * 2004-10-14 2006-04-19 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Appareil et procédé pour vérifier un élément de securité luminescent
US7926730B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2011-04-19 Pitney Bowes Inc. Combined multi-spectral document markings
US20070138306A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-21 Pitney Bowes Incorporated Printed marking hidden authentication
US8330122B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2012-12-11 Honeywell International Inc Authenticatable mark, systems for preparing and authenticating the mark
JP5699313B2 (ja) * 2010-08-09 2015-04-08 大日本印刷株式会社 発光媒体
DE102015014560A1 (de) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-11 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Pigmentsystem, Lumineszenzfarbsystem und Wertdokument

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