EP3883783A1 - Système de codage pour former une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou d'un pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur - Google Patents

Système de codage pour former une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou d'un pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur

Info

Publication number
EP3883783A1
EP3883783A1 EP19752084.4A EP19752084A EP3883783A1 EP 3883783 A1 EP3883783 A1 EP 3883783A1 EP 19752084 A EP19752084 A EP 19752084A EP 3883783 A1 EP3883783 A1 EP 3883783A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security
coding system
phosphors
emission
phosphor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19752084.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Detlef Starick
Manfred Paeschke
Roland HEISE
Guido HAUßMANN
Oliver Muth
Cornelia VANDAHL
Sylke RÖSLER
Sven RÖSLER
Wolfgang Kempfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Original Assignee
Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bundesdruckerei GmbH filed Critical Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Publication of EP3883783A1 publication Critical patent/EP3883783A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/24—Passports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/2033—Matching unique patterns, i.e. patterns that are unique to each individual paper

Definitions

  • Coding system for forming a security feature in or on a security or value document or a plurality of security or value documents
  • the invention relates to a coding system for forming a security feature in or on one or more security or value documents. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security feature which is designed in the form of a plurality of security elements and a security or value document comprising a security feature according to the invention.
  • Luminescent organic and / or inorganic materials have long been used in various ways as security features in security and value documents, such as banknotes, passports, identity cards, driver's licenses, etc., but also in product protection.
  • luminescent security elements belonging to this class of features can already be found in countless security and value documents (passports, ID cards, theater tickets), but such ⁇ quasi-level 1 ⁇ features often lack the required counterfeit security. It is therefore desirable to use exclusive luminescent security features in corresponding security and value documents, which can be made visible with simple aids, but at the same time would contain further information that goes beyond the visual impression. In particular, it would be desirable if, in addition to their level 2 functionality, these luminescent security features also have a level 3 security characteristic, which could consist in the provision of machine-readable codes. Such codes could be used for verifying authenticity, for nominal value coding or also for sorting, for example of different banknote denominations or value products.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a coding system for forming a security feature in or on one or more security or value documents and thus a system for forming security features in the form of security elements in which the security features can be made visible with the aid of simple excitation sources is and at the same time the highest possible protection against counterfeiting is guaranteed.
  • a coding system according to claim 1 a security feature according to claim 14 and a security or value document according to claim 15.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.
  • Luminescence is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a physical system during the transition from an excited state to the ground state.
  • Photoluminescence here means the type of luminescence in which the excitation takes place with the aid of UV radiation and the resulting luminescent radiation is emitted in the visible spectral range (with wavelengths of approximately 380 nm to 780 nm).
  • Anti-Stokes luminescence (up-conversion) is a special case of luminescence, whereby emission in the visible spectral range also occurs after multi-stage IR-induced excitation.
  • Phosphors are organic or inorganic chemical compounds that show luminescence when excited with electromagnetic or particle radiation or when excited with electric fields.
  • activator ions and optionally additional coactivator ions which act as radiation centers, are built into the basic fluorescent grids (fluorescent matrices) formed by the chemical compounds.
  • These phosphors are often in the form of solids, in particular in the form of luminescent pigments.
  • An emission spectrum describes the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the phosphors or of the light emitted by them. Such an emission spectrum can consist of emission lines and / or emission bands.
  • a code is generally a mapping rule for assigning characters, symbols or measurable properties to a character set.
  • Luminescence codes result in the measurement data to be assigned from the spectral sequence of the emission lines and / or emission bands of the selected phosphors and / or phosphor combinations, which are generally determined by the wavelengths of the emission maxima (! Max values) and the intensity relationships between the selected emission lines and / or bands and, if necessary, can also be characterized by the full width at half maximum of these emissions.
  • the CIE standard valence system (also called the CIE standard color system) is a three-dimensional colorimetric system that was defined by the Commission Internationale de l ⁇ éclairage (CIE) in 1931 and enables the description of colors and self-illuminants by means of the standard color values X, Y and Z.
  • the terms ⁇ CIE standard valence system ⁇ and ⁇ CIE standard color system ⁇ are used in the present invention equivalent to each other.
  • the CIE color coordinates x, y and z indicate the ratios of the standard color values X, Y and Z to their sum.
  • the representation of the color coordinates x and y results in the two-dimensional standard color table, which then no longer contains the brightness information. Due to the physiology of the human eye, different spectral distributions can lead to identical color coordinates.
  • the CIE normal valence system is based on the definition of an ideal normal observer, whose spectral value functions correspond to the standard spectral value functions
  • Colors and self-illuminating materials that have the same color coordinates are called color-identical.
  • Color perception and color perception of an individual observer can differ from those of the defined normal observer.
  • the ability to distinguish colors characterizes the extent to which individual viewers perceive color differences.
  • MacAdam ellipses describe tolerance ranges in the standard value table, which are distinguished by the fact that the color differences based on different x, y coordinates of different colors are not noticed under defined visual conditions and with a certain probability by individual observers. There can therefore be a tolerance for the color differences for the perceived color uniformity can be specified, which can be dependent on the color value.
  • the coding system serves to form a security feature in or on one or more security or valuable documents, with at least two individual phosphors, and at least three phosphor combinations formed with the at least two individual phosphors, the at least three phosphor combinations in the form of at least three luminescent security elements for the security feature is attached or attached to or on the one or more security or value documents, and the at least three phosphor combinations, each in the non-visible spectral range, in particular in the ultraviolet or infrared spectral range, can be excited and after excitation in the emit visible spectral range, wherein each of the at least three phosphor combinations is characterized by an emission spectrum with several individual emission lines and / or emission bands, and wherein each of the at least three phosphor combinations has an identical spectral sequence of the emission lines and / or emission bands, the intensity ratios of the emission lines and / or emission bands are different, each of the at least three luminescent security elements is assigned a uniform spectral code, the code being formed by the
  • the object described above is achieved in that the codes used to form the spectrally identical codes are in the ultraviolet spectral range (in particular at wavelengths between 380 and 315 nm (UV-A), 315 and 280 nm (UV-B) and between 280 and 200 nm (UV-C)) or in the infrared spectral range (IR, for example at wavelengths between 950 and 980 nm) excitable and in visible range of individual phosphors emitting by varying the mixing ratios to form phosphor combinations such that the color impressions of the various phosphor combinations or the corresponding security elements of a security feature caused by a given optical excitation, for example with a specific UV radiation source, or the corresponding security elements of a security feature are different from the human eye are perceived in different colors.
  • UV-A ultraviolet spectral range
  • UV-B 315 and 280 nm
  • UV-C UV-C
  • IR infrared spectral range
  • the viewer perceives the different, luminescent security elements that are visibly luminescent under the specified stimulation conditions, for example in the form of markings, which are attached to, on or in a value or security document as security features, as being different in color and distinguishable and they thus presumably also considers spectrally different, although these actually have identical luminescence codes and emission spectra with regard to the spectral sequence of the individual emission lines and / or emission bands, which can only be verified with the aid of a special luminescence measurement technique.
  • the security elements of a security feature that are perceived as having different colors with regard to their luminescence can be used in different security or value documents (for example banknotes, ID cards, passports, driver's licenses etc.) or also in product protection.
  • Markings that appear in different colors but have identical spectral codes can be used, for example, for the purpose of coding the nominal values of different currency denominations.
  • individual phosphors emitting in the visible spectral range can be used in the visible spectral range to form the luminescent combinations of different colors and the corresponding security elements with identical spectral codes.
  • the spectral spacing of the individual emission lines and / or emission bands is primarily decisive for the effort required for reliable spectrometric verification of the spectrally identical luminescence codes, while the desired different color impressions of the emitted luminescence of the individual security elements depend on the mixing ratios of the individual luminescent materials selected to provide the luminescent material combinations and on the basis thereof resulting different intensity ratios of the characteristic emission lines and / or emission bands can be set. Further criteria for the selection of the individual phosphors for the coding system are, for example, the highest possible luminescence yield and a sufficiently high stability and aging resistance to environmental influences, as well as a grain size distribution of the luminescent pigments adapted to the selected printing and application processes.
  • the security elements for example in the form of markings, can be applied, for example, using conventional printing technologies (gravure, flexographic, offset printing or screen printing processes, etc.) or else using different types of coating processes, the materials to be coated being made of paper, different Plastics or other organic or inorganic substances. Furthermore, provision can also be made to mix the phosphor combinations forming the security elements with certain plastics, the plastics then being incorporated into the security or value document.
  • spectral luminescence codes that can be derived from these spectra and are identical for all security elements of the security feature have a level 3 security level and can only be achieved with the help of powerful and possibly very complex luminescence measurement technology and with the special or secret knowledge of which of the diverse and different Emission lines and / or emission bands can be used for evaluation.
  • the basic grid (matrix) for the UV-stimulable inorganic phosphors used to manufacture the security elements according to the invention can be, for example, the materials listed below: borates (for example LaBO 3 , SrB 6 O 10 , CaYBO 4 , SrB 4 O 7 , YAl 3 B) 4 O 12 , SrB 8 O ,
  • nitrides e.g. CaAlSiN 3 , Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 , MgSiN 2 , GaN
  • oxynitrides e.g. SrSi 2 N 2 O 2 , "-SiAlON, # -SiAlON, oxides ( e.g. Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Sc 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZnO, Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Lu 2 O 3 ), halides and oxyhalides (e.g.
  • CaF 2 , CaCl 2 , K 2 SiF 6, LaOBr aluminates (e.g. LiAlO 3 , SrAl 2 O 4 , Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , BaMgAl 11 O 17 , CaAl 2 O 4 , Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 ), silicates (e.g.
  • YPO 4 Ca 2 P 2 O 7 , MgBaP 2 O 7, Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , MgBa 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ), halophosphates (e.g. Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl), sulfides (e.g. ZnS, CaS, SrS, BaS, SrGa 2 S 4 , ZnGa 2 S 4 , ZnBa 2 S 3 ), oxysulfides (e.g. Y 2 O 2 S, La 2 O 2 S, Gd 2 O 2 S, Lu 2 O 2 S), sulfates (e.g.
  • Mg 2 Ca (SO 4 ) 3 Gallates (e.g. Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 , CaGa 2 O 4 , Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ), vanadates (e.g. YVO 4 ), molybdates and tungstates (e.g. CaMoO 4 , Sr 3 WO 6 , La 2 W 3 O 12 , Tb 2 Mo 3 O 12 , Li 3 Ba 2 La 3 (MoO 4 ) 8 ), or else such inorganic substance classes as for example borides, carbides, scandates, titanates, germanates and yttrates.
  • borides e.g. Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 , CaGa 2 O 4 , Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12
  • vanadates e.g. YVO 4
  • molybdates and tungstates e.g. CaMoO 4 , Sr 3 WO 6 , La 2 W 3 O 12 , Tb 2 Mo 3 O 12 ,
  • the selected basic lattices are activated by the targeted incorporation of one or more foreign ions into the respective phosphor matrix, with rare earth ions and / or ions from transition metals being used for doping or codotation in the case of phosphors that can be excited and emitted in the visible range in the ultraviolet spectral range .
  • These activator ions and any additional coactivator ions formed form the radiation centers in the respective basic lattices and, in interaction with them, determine the luminescent properties of the inorganic phosphors.
  • trivalent rare earth ions such as Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Er 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tm 3+ or 3d 3 ions such as Cr 3+ , Mn 4+, as a rule, linear emissions after UV excitation, while doping the example-mentioned basic lattice with ions such as Mn 2+ , Cu + , Ag + , Sn 2+ , Sb 3+ , Pb 2+ , Bi 3+ , Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ with high probability emission bands can be obtained.
  • Oxidic compounds for example Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 MoO 6 , LaNbO 4 , LiYSiO 4
  • oxyhalides for example YOCl, LaOCl, LaOBr, YOF, LaOF
  • Oxysulfides e.g.
  • Y 2 O 2 S, La 2 O 2 S, Gd 2 O 2 S, Lu 2 O 2 S) and fluorides e.g. YF 3 , LaF 3 , LiYF 4 , NaYF 4 , NaLaF 4 , BaYF 5 .
  • fluorides e.g. YF 3 , LaF 3 , LiYF 4 , NaYF 4 , NaLaF 4 , BaYF 5
  • the Seltenerdionenkombinationen Yb 3+ -He 3+, Yb 3+ -Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ 3+ -Ho be used as radiation centers in the anti-Stokes phosphors.
  • phosphors such as the materials SrF 2 : Er3 + , YF 3 : Yb 3+ , Tb 3+ or CaF 2 : Eu 2+ are known, which can also be used as IR-VIS radiation converters.
  • organic single phosphors that can be excited and are visible in the visible such as, for example, different, rarely activated organic complex compounds with differently colored emitting phosphor combinations with spectrally identical luminescence codes can of course also be used within the meaning of the invention. These can optionally be combined with selected inorganic luminescent pigments.
  • photoluminescent inorganic or organic nanoscaled phosphors or appropriately configured quantum dots are also suitable as components for the provision of the required phosphor combinations.
  • the individual phosphors selected for the respective application of the coding system are modified by deliberately changing the chemical composition of the respective host (basic) lattice, that is to say by making targeted substitutions in the cation and / or anion lattice, such that the Emission spectra of these exclusive phosphors clearly differ from those of the luminophores used in conventional technical applications or from those which have been described in detail in the specialist literature.
  • the preferred use of such phosphors with exclusive emission spectra can further increase the security against forgery of the value or security documents equipped with the coding system.
  • the coding system according to the invention offers a variety of embodiments for different security levels and possible uses. Markers emitting different colors can be provided with uniform spectral luminescence codes, the authenticity of which can be checked with simple hand sensors, but also those in which high-resolution spectrometers are required for the reliable verification of the codes. The range of verification options ranges from forensic testing in the special laboratory to towards high-speed detection of machine-readable codes. Special Embodiments In the following, special embodiments of the invention are described in more detail.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which at least one further individual phosphor is provided to form further phosphor combinations and to form further luminescent security elements with the same code.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which the color coordinates of the luminescent security elements are set via a mixing ratio of the individual phosphors for the phosphor combinations.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which at least one of the individual phosphors has an organic phosphor, in particular a rare earth-activated organic complex compound.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which at least one of the individual phosphors has an inorganic phosphor.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which both inorganic and organic individual phosphors of different grain sizes, in particular nanoscaled phosphors and / or quantum dots, and corresponding phosphor combinations are used.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which the individual phosphors are modified by targeted substitutions in the phosphor grid, so that they have an exclusive emission spectrum.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which the individual phosphors and / or phosphor mixtures in one or more ultraviolet wavelength ranges, namely at wavelengths between 380 nm and 315 nm (UV-A) and / or at wavelengths between 315 nm and 280 nm ( UV-B) and / or at wavelengths between 280 nm and 200 nm (UV-C) can be excited.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises a coding system in which the luminescent security elements of the security feature are in different colors under at least two excitation conditions that can be set in the ultraviolet spectral range, i.e. in the UV-A and / or in the UV-B and / or in the UV-C spectral range.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system in which the luminescent security elements of the security feature have different color coordinates in a CIE standard color system for each of the predefined excitations in the UV-A, UV-B or UV-C spectral range, so that the luminescent ones Security elements cause different color impressions, in particular equally different color impressions, in the viewer.
  • a further possible embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system in which the individual phosphors and / or phosphor mixtures in the infrared wavelength range, namely at wavelengths between 950 nm and 980 nm, can be excited.
  • Another possible embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system in which the maxima of the individually marked emission lines and / or emission bands of the individual phosphors and / or phosphor combinations are only a few nanometers apart, in particular a distance of less than 10 nm, particularly preferably less than 5 nm, even more particularly less than 3 nm.
  • Another possible embodiment of the invention relates to a coding system in which the individual phosphors and / or phosphor combinations have an essentially identical or similar aging resistance. Further advantageous and particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below.
  • a first step decisions have to be made about the excitation conditions for the inventive luminescence feature, about the desired different color impressions of the security elements emitting different colors and about the extent of the complexity of the spectral luminescence codes, which are identical for all security elements of the security feature. These decisions depend on the type and use of the value and security documents to be protected or the products to be protected, on the permitted effort for verifying the luminescence codes and on the design specifications for the feature.
  • Another step concerns the selection of the individual phosphors required for the production of the required security elements. The selection can be made on the basis of the measured emission spectra of the phosphors to be evaluated, preferably with exclusive emission characteristics. Knowledge of the emission spectra promotes the necessary decisions about the code assignment to be made.
  • the CIE color coordinates of the individual phosphors that can be calculated from the emission spectra provide information about which mixing ratios have to be used in order to be able to achieve the desired different color impression or color impressions of the differently colored phosphor combinations.
  • the subsequent step is directed to the experimental verification that may be required and the determination of the mixing ratios of the security elements for the creation of the differently colored security elements of the security feature. As a rule, only a few practical tests are required to determine the mixing ratios for the provision of the phosphor combination based on the colorimetric calculations carried out under the application conditions.
  • the experimental verification is necessary to determine the interactions between the individual phosphors used and other influencing factors based on the independent and different optical properties (self-emission, absorption and reflection behavior) of the other organic and inorganic components (binders, additives) required for the application of the security feature color compositions used and the optical effects of the carrier materials used.
  • the differently colored emitting phosphor combinations provided are applied or introduced onto or into the carrier materials of the respective security or value documents. This process step can be carried out, for example, using the customary printing processes (gravure, flexographic, offset printing or screen printing processes, etc.) or using other coating technologies.
  • a final step in the process of producing a security feature is reserved for the final code assignment.
  • the code-forming emission maxima (! Max values) required for the authenticity verification and suitable are selected from the individually awarded, preferably exclusive emission lines and / or emission bands and a character set, for example one Sequence of numbers or letters assigned.
  • an embodiment of the invention relates to a method for reading out the luminescence codes and verifying the authenticity of the security elements of a security feature of the coding system according to the invention, for example in the form of markings.
  • This method comprises: the excitation of the phosphor combinations forming the security elements with a predetermined one invisible excitation radiation, which is generated in particular by suitable UV or IR radiation sources, the detection of the electromagnetic spectra of these different-colored emitting phosphor combinations in a predetermined visible spectral range with the aid of suitable optical spectrometers, as well as the evaluation of the measurement results and the final authenticity evaluation, the presence of the stored code relevant emission characteristics is checked and compared with the stored code information.
  • the technical outlay for the reliable verification of the luminescence code which is equally characteristic of all differently colored security elements of the coding system according to the invention, depends on various factors.
  • the maxima of at least two of the individually distinguished, preferably exclusive emission lines of the security elements belonging to a security feature in the electromagnetic spectrum are only a few nanometers apart, these preferably being a distance of less than 10 nm, particularly preferably have a distance of less than 5 nm and, very particularly preferably, a distance of less than 3 nm.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the color differences perceived by the viewer in the case of a given optical excitation between the differently colored luminescent security elements combined to form security features (which can also be in the form of color shift or color tuning), at least also in the case of a further one which is fundamentally distinguishable from the first optical excitation, can be perceived by the human eye as comparable or equally.
  • the ultraviolet spectral range in the literature and in technical use is divided into the ranges UV-A- (380-315 nm), UV-B- (315-280 nm) and in the UV-C- Radiation range (280-100 nm) subdivided, with different radiation sources being available for each of the defined radiation types.
  • the color impressions and color differences of the different-colored emitting security elements selected in each case for the formation of a security feature of the coding system are provided under all excitation conditions that can be set in the ultraviolet spectral range, i.e. both when excited with UV-A, UV-B or UV-C radiation sources, identified by the viewer as comparable, that is to say in different colors.
  • the coding system forms further information about an arrangement and / or a contour of the security elements on or in the security or value document.
  • Such an arrangement can, for example, be a specific position on the security or value document.
  • the security element itself can also have a specific contour, for example the shape of a sign, a symbol, a number or a pictogram.
  • the position on the security or value document and / or the arrangement and / or the presence of the corresponding contour of the security element are then additionally checked.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the following figures and tables.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of the standard color table of the CIE standard color system with different names of the color regions based on literature information
  • Fig. 2a-c the emission spectra of two model phosphors and the associated ones
  • FIG. 4a ⁇ j the emission spectra of eight differently colored luminescent
  • Emission spectra and color coordinates of eight exemplary, differently colored luminescent security features which are provided by combining (mixing) these individual phosphors and are characterized by spectrally identical luminescence codes.
  • Table 1 the luminescence-specific data of two selected model phosphors as described in FIG. 2
  • Table 2 the mixture ratios required to form the exemplary luminescent security elements described in FIGS. 3b to 3e for the selected two model phosphors, as well as the color coordinates of the exemplary phosphor combinations
  • Tab. 3 the luminescence-specific data of a further five selected
  • Model phosphors the characteristic color coordinates of which are shown in FIG. 4a
  • Table 4 the mixing ratios for these phosphors, the security elements required for the creation of a total of eight exemplary, differently colored luminescent and equipped with spectrally identical luminescence codes described in FIGS. 4c to 4j Must be used, as well as the color coordinates of the individual phosphor mixtures forming the security elements
  • Table 5 the luminescence-specific data of a further five selected
  • Model phosphors the characteristic color coordinates of which are shown in Fig. 5a
  • Tab. 6 the mixing ratios for these phosphors, on the basis of which in the 5c to 5j, exemplary security elements according to the invention described can be configured, as well as the color coordinates of the individual phosphor combinations, as also shown in FIG. 5b
  • Tab. 7 the color coordinates and emission maxima of three examples selected for the creation of luminescent security elements according to the invention real phosphors
  • Tab. 8 the mixing ratios required for the provision of the exemplary combinations of these real individual phosphors described in FIGS. 7c to 7j based on their emission spectra, and the color coordinates calculated for these emission spectra.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the CIE standard color chart of the CIE standard valence system.
  • the CIE standard valence system was developed to establish a relationship between human color perception and the physical causes of the color stimulus and is based on the definition of an ideal normal observer.
  • a specific position ie an x, y color coordinate, is assigned to each perceivable color tone, ie also to each emission spectrum of any illuminant.
  • the color locations of the so-called pure spectral colors are positioned on this edge, which in the case of self-illuminants, that is to say, for example in the case of phosphors emitting in the visible spectral range, means that their emission spectra in this positioning only consist of individual monochromatic emission lines.
  • the linear connection between the two ends of the ⁇ spectral color sequence ⁇ is generally referred to as ⁇ purple line ⁇ .
  • the coordinates of those hues that are perceived as mixed colors between blue-violet and red are arranged on this straight line.
  • the schematic representation of the CIE standard color chart in the specialist literature see: R.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2c A first exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c described in connection with the figures Fig. 3a to 3e and the table Tab. 1.
  • This first and simple example of the inventive idea is based on the assumption that only two individual phosphors are selected to generate the differently colored luminescent security elements with identical spectral codes.
  • These two individual phosphors 1 and 2 are model phosphors, each with an individually distinguished emission line (cf. FIGS. 2b and 2c).
  • FIG. 3 shows the emission spectra M-1 to M-4 of four exemplary, different-colored emitting security elements, which were obtained by combining the selected individual phosphors 1 and 2.
  • the circle symbols (%) shown in FIG. 3a each show the assigned color coordinates M-10 to M-40 of these security elements.
  • the mixing ratios used as well as the numerical values of the color coordinates of the phosphor combinations are listed in Table 2.
  • the color coordinates M10 to M40 of the exemplary phosphor mixtures M-1, M-2, M-3 and M-4 created in the CIE standard color table lie on a straight line which represents the color coordinates 10 and 20 of the selected ones Single model fluorescent 1 and 2 connects.
  • This connecting line lies above the so-called ⁇ purple lines ⁇ described in FIG. 1, the exemplary phosphor mixtures thus have emission colors which change from the blue-violet to the purple to the increasingly red spectral range.
  • FIGS. 3b to 3e show that all four exemplary phosphor combinations, characterized by different emission colors, have a spectral luminescence code which is identical according to the spectral sequence of the individual emission lines which can be used for code formation.
  • this code would only consist of two and, in addition, two spectrally relatively far apart emission lines. Such a code would be comparatively easy to verify, but could also be simulated relatively easily.
  • the maxima of the emission wavelengths of these fictitious phosphors vary from 545 to 630 nm, the half-value widths were also set to 10 nm for this exemplary embodiment.
  • the numerical values of the x and y color coordinates of the five selected individual phosphors can also be found in Tab. 3, on the other hand they are using the uniform $ symbols with the designations 10 ⁇ , 20 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 40 ⁇ , and 50 ⁇ shown in the CIE standard color chart of Fig.4a.
  • Fig. 5a shows that in this example, too, five individual model phosphors 1 ′′ to 5 ′′ were selected for the formation of the phosphor combinations according to the invention, but their color coordinates are arranged distributed over the entire visible spectral range.
  • a total of eight different phosphor combinations the emission spectra M''-1 to M''-8 of which are shown in Figs. 5c to 5j, were calculated in accordance with the mixing ratios shown in Table 6.
  • These spectra in turn each contain all five emission lines or emission bands of the individual luminescent materials used to produce the differently colored luminescent phosphor mixtures, these spectra, on the other hand, being characterized by different intensity ratios.
  • There are several options for assigning a uniform luminescence code according to the invention which is based on the identical spectral sequence of the existing emission lines or emission bands.
  • the complexity of the spectrally identical luminescence codes according to the invention is further increased by the inclusion of further individual phosphors with singular emission lines or emission bands in the creation of the different-colored emitting phosphor combinations or by the use of individual phosphors with several emission lines or emission bands can be.
  • the different intensity ratios of the characteristic emission lines or emission bands of the individual differently luminescent security elements of a corresponding security feature can be used as an additional criterion for the authenticity verification of the security and value documents equipped with them.
  • the color coordinates of the emission spectra calculated for the selected phosphor combinations of the last described embodiment have an interesting course. As can be seen from FIG. 5b, they are arranged in an arc around the white light area of the standard color chart, so that the associated emission colors change from blue to blue-green, green, yellow-green and yellow to the orange area and thus practically cover the entire rainbow range.
  • a final example to explain the invention describes the configuration of security elements emitting different colors based on the use of real phosphors with spectrally identical luminescence codes.
  • the three real individual phosphors selected for this are Tb 3+ -, Dy 3+ - and Eu 3+ - activated inorganic luminophores with oxysulfidic or vanadate basic grids.
  • the emission spectra 1 ′′ ′′, 2 ′′ ′′ and 3 ′′ ′′ of a given excitation in the UV-B range (313 nm excitation source) of these three phosphors are shown in FIGS. 6 a to 6c.
  • the emission maxima and the numerical data of the color coordinates of the phosphors can be found in Tab. 7, and Fig. 7a shows the positioning of these color coordinates in the CIE standard color table.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de codage destiné à former, dans ou sur au moins un document de sécurité ou de valeur, une caractéristique de sécurité comprenant au moins deux luminophores individuels et au moins trois combinaisons de luminophores formées avec les au moins deux luminophores individuels. Les au moins trois combinaisons de luminophores sont appliqués ou placés dans ou sur la pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur sous la forme d'au moins trois éléments de sécurité luminescents destinés à la caractéristique de sécurité. Chacune des au moins trois combinaisons de luminophores comporte une séquence spectrale identique des lignes d'émission et/ou des bandes d'émission auxquelles un code est associé, et les au moins trois éléments de sécurité luminescents de la caractéristique de sécurité ont, dans conditions d'excitation spécifiées, des coordonnées de couleurs différentes dans un système de couleurs standard CIE de façon à provoquer chez un observateur des impressions de couleurs différentes.
EP19752084.4A 2018-11-21 2019-07-23 Système de codage pour former une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou d'un pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur Pending EP3883783A1 (fr)

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DE102018129365.8A DE102018129365A1 (de) 2018-11-21 2018-11-21 Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten
PCT/DE2019/100673 WO2020103968A1 (fr) 2018-11-21 2019-07-23 Système de codage pour former une caractéristique de sécurité dans ou sur un document de sécurité ou de valeur ou d'un pluralité de documents de sécurité ou de valeur

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GB1143362A (en) 1965-03-08 1969-02-19 American Cyanamid Co Information recording
EP1179807A1 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-13 Banque Nationale De Belgique S.A. Dispositif antifraude pour document.
DE10346685A1 (de) 2003-10-08 2005-05-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Codiersystem für Wertdokumente
DE10346631A1 (de) * 2003-10-08 2005-05-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument
US8330122B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2012-12-11 Honeywell International Inc Authenticatable mark, systems for preparing and authenticating the mark
CN102971397B (zh) * 2010-07-09 2016-01-20 德国捷德有限公司 防伪特征
FR2963356B1 (fr) * 2010-07-29 2014-08-22 Arjowiggins Security Structure de securite incorporant des compositions phosphorescente et fluorescente
JP5622087B2 (ja) * 2010-08-09 2014-11-12 大日本印刷株式会社 発光媒体
DE102010055976A1 (de) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitsmerkmal
DE102012013244A1 (de) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument, Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Vorliegens desselben und Wertdokumentsystem
DE102013016121A1 (de) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-02 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Wertdokument und Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Vorliegens desselben
DE102015014560A1 (de) * 2015-11-11 2017-05-11 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Pigmentsystem, Lumineszenzfarbsystem und Wertdokument
DE102017003746A1 (de) * 2017-04-18 2018-10-18 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Wertdokument mit Sicherheitsmarkierung mit variierender Abklingzeit und Verfahren zum Identifizieren der Sicherheitsmarkierung
DE102017127923A1 (de) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-13 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Codierungssystem zum Ausbilden eines Sicherheitsmerkmals in oder an einem Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument oder einer Mehrzahl von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten

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