EP3712367B1 - Embrasure clamp - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In modern building shells, a large number of materials are used for the wall construction, which have been optimized for their thermal insulation properties. This includes perforated bricks, aerated concrete and other building materials. Very often, the clay used in brick production is mixed with porous materials or burn-out materials such as polystyrene, paper or wood fibers, which leave pores after firing. Vertically perforated bricks with vertically arranged chambers ensure the load-bearing function under vertical pressure loads. However, it is difficult to transfer tensile loads into the brick because the webs between the chambers are thin and, moreover, brittle because of the pores. Special measures must therefore be taken for windows and doors that have to be anchored in wall openings made of such materials, especially if a fall-proof fastening is to be achieved.

STATE OF THE ART

the DE 2013 11 513U describes a device for supporting and fastening window and door frames. On the one hand, it comprises a rigid profile rail that is connected to the frame and, on the other hand, has an adjustment element that allows the window/door frame to be adjusted relative to the wall opening. For this purpose, the profile rail must be fastened to the parapet, the reveal or, if necessary, to the lintel, which can be problematic for the reasons mentioned above. Therefore, this prior art describes an additional retaining rail, which is shaped as an angle and pushed positively into the profile rail, so that the first leg is parallel to the parapet / reveal and the second leg can be attached to the inside of the building of the wall element. By screwing the support rail to the profile rail, its loads can be introduced at an additional point on the wall that is spaced apart from the parapet.

With the increasing size of the window and door frames, due to the higher weight of the multiple glazing and due to increased safety regulations, such measures are no longer sufficient.

The font EP 0 399 590 A2 shows a clamp used to attach a frame to a wall opening. The clamp has two clamping elements designed as legs with clamping jaws (clamping pieces), which are connected to one another via a connecting element. The connecting element has an articulated joint in the middle. A bridging piece is placed over the articulated joint and braces on either side of it. The joint angle is adjusted by a screw between the bridge element and the connecting element, which leads to a pincer movement of the two clamping elements because the clamping jaws are pressed against corresponding wall sections.

There is a need to improve the existing system to such an extent that heavy window and door frames can also be safely used in openings in highly thermally insulated wall structures. Compatibility with existing systems is necessary as a boundary condition, in particular with profile rail systems of the prior art.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This task is fulfilled by using a clamp, which is mainly used in the area of the reveal, but can also be used on the lintel or on the parapet if necessary. A clamp is understood to mean a clamping means in which, in contrast to a clamp, not primarily resilient elements are used for clamping. With the clamp according to the present invention, the element or elements to be clamped are clamped between two legs, which in turn are connected by a connecting element.

• die Länge W des Verbindungselementes (also die Distanz zwischen den Verbindungspunkten mit den Schenkeln entlang des Verbindungselementes so ausgelegt ist, dass sie der Stärke D einer Wand im Bereich der Laibung, Brüstung oder des Sturzes im Wesentlichen entspricht. Getreu der Verwendung als Befestigungsbasis umklammert die Klemme also einen Wandabschnitt im Bereich einer Fensteröffnung.
• die Winkel α zwischen dem ersten Schenkel und dem Verbindungselement sowie der Winkel β zwischen dem zweiten Schenkel und dem Verbindungselement im Wesentlichen 90° betragen und der erste und zweite Schenkel somit zueinander im Wesentlichen parallel verlaufen. Bei einer regulären Wandöffnung wo die Ebene der Laibung auf der Gebäudeaussen- wie Innenseite rechtwinklig steht, ist diese Ausbildung bevorzugt. Natürlich können durch Anpassung der Winkel äquivalent auch andere Wandgeometrien abgedeckt werden.
• die der Wandöffnung angrenzenden Wandregionen einerseits als erste Seite oder Vorderseite, andererseits eine zweite oder Rückseite bezeichnet. Die der (Wand-)Öffnung zugewandten Wandabschnitte aus Brüstung, Laibung und Sturz werden als Innenseite bezeichnet.
  • der erste Schenkel an der Vorderseite (der Wand bzw. des Wandabschnitts) und der zweite Schenkel an der Rückseite (der Wand bzw. des Wandabschnitts) befestigt, wobei das Verbindungselement an der Innenseite anliegt.

Said clip serves as a mounting base for a window or door panel in a wall opening, the clip comprising first and second legs and a connecting member therebetween and being integrally moulded. With mounting base is meant that other components can be attached to the terminal. Thereby:

• the length W of the connector (i.e. the distance between the connection points with the legs along the connector is designed so that it essentially corresponds to the thickness D of a wall in the area of the reveal, parapet or lintel. True to its use as a fastening base, the clamp clasps i.e. a wall section in the area of a window opening.
• the angle α between the first leg and the connecting element and the angle β between the second leg and the connecting element are essentially 90° and the first and second leg thus run essentially parallel to one another. In the case of a regular wall opening, where the plane of the reveal is at right angles to the outside and inside of the building, this configuration is preferred. Of course, other wall geometries can also be covered by adjusting the angles.
• the wall regions adjoining the wall opening are referred to on the one hand as a first side or front side and on the other hand as a second or back side. The wall sections facing the (wall) opening consisting of the parapet, reveal and lintel are referred to as the inside.
  • the first leg is attached to the front (the wall or wall section) and the second leg is attached to the rear (the wall or wall section), with the connecting element abutting the inside.

By contact is meant that the connecting element is in (preferably full or at least partial) surface contact with the inside of the wall opening, in other words nestles up or is attached only a few millimeters apart from the inside surface. The two legs can be attached to the wall surfaces (front, back) in the same way.

If, due to the structural situation, the width W of the connecting element of the clamp to be used should be significantly greater than the wall thickness D, one leg can also be adapted to the situation with the help of spacer elements (blocks). The spacer elements are arranged between the wall surface and the leg.

The legs are designed with different lengths L1 and L2 (L1 not equal to L2).

In the case of thin and porous brick walls in particular, this offers the advantage that the load is dissipated from the leg ends into the wall at two different wall sections, not exactly opposite one another. A preferred arrangement of the clamp is such that the shorter of the two legs is on the back of the wall (outside). However, this arrangement can also be reversed if, for example, a longer inner leg would be more difficult to conceal.

With a view to the usual construction situation, one leg of the clamp is anchored, for example, on the outside of a building and the other leg on the inside; the connecting element rests against the reveal. The attachment can be done with all permissible means according to the prior art, preferably by screwing to the wall (screws, bolts, screw anchors without dowels, clamp anchors, screws with dowels). To facilitate this, the legs may have through-holes through which fasteners can be anchored in the wall. In order to design the load transfer optimally, the leg is anchored at its longitudinal end (at the end farthest from the opening or at the longitudinal end that is furthest away from the connecting element).

The use of such a clamp seems unorthodox at first glance, because it allows heat to be conducted from the outside to the inside. However, it is important to avoid thermal bridges in construction. Surprisingly, measurements have shown that the heat conduction through such a clamp is lower than assumed by those skilled in the art. The additional heat loss is not significant, particularly in the case of large-area window and door elements. In addition, the clamp is placed under the insulation layer, especially in externally insulated buildings, which prevents the temperature difference between the warm and cold end from becoming too great, which in turn reduces the heat flow. On the mounting side, it is an advantage that these clamps offer a very simple yet flexible mounting base that can also be easily combined with existing mounting systems.

Preferably, the legs and connecting element of the clip are formed as essentially straight, flat metal elements. The preferred material would therefore be steel, which can be stamped and bent into the shape described. A surface treatment by galvanizing, painting or similar can be provided. To improve rigidity, one or more longitudinal beads can be provided on the connecting element, which further increase the load dissipation capacity of the clamp.

According to an inventive approach, the clamps are attached to the building opening before the window or door elements are lifted. The exact position can be planned or marked or specified with gauges. Then the window or door elements are lifted in and can be attached in various ways. On the one hand, the connection can be realized by means of screws, bolts or pins. Such standoff mounting screws are driven through the frame of the door/window panel and then cut themselves into the material of the connector. Alternatively or additionally, an adjustment device can be connected to the clamp, with the adjustment device comprising an adjustment element that allows the window or door frame to be changed in position in the plane of the wall. Such adjustment elements are, for example, in the DE 2013 11 513U described. In addition to the adjustability in the plane, an adjustment option parallel to the plane can also be provided with an adjustment element as is known in the prior art.

Alternatively, the clamps can only be placed loosely on the reveal, after which the window is lifted and the height (relative to the wall opening) adjusted. Since usually the If the anchoring points of the window/door frame are pre-drilled at the factory, the loosely inserted clamp can now be raised to the required height and attached to the wall as intended. The frame and clamp are then connected, as described above, either directly using a fastener or using other adjustment elements according to the prior art.

The use of a clamp may alternatively be described as a method of mounting a window or door panel in a wall opening using a clamp as a mounting base comprising as essential elements a first leg, a second leg and a connecting member therebetween. The length W of the connecting element is selected (or prefabricated) so that it corresponds to the thickness D of the wall to which the clamp is to be attached (in the area of the reveal, parapet or lintel). The angle α between the first leg and the connecting element and the angle β between the second leg and the connecting element are chosen to be essentially 90°, as a result of which the first and second legs thus run essentially parallel to one another. The clamp is attached to the wall opening in such a way that the legs come to rest on the respective opposite wall surfaces pointing away from one another and rest as a connecting element on the inside of the building opening. All other features complement each other in the same way as above.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

• figure 1 shows a side view of a clamp 100 with legs of equal length
• figure 2 shows a side view of a clamp 100' with legs of different lengths
• figure 3 shows a side view of a leg of a clamp.
• figure 4 shows a clamp 100' in an oblique view
• figure 5 is a sketch with an installation situation in a wall opening
• figure 6 shows a horizontal cross-section through a wall opening with clamps anchored
• figure 7 shows a plan view of the connecting element of a clamp, with beads.

the Figures 1 and 2 show clamps 100, 100' according to the invention in a side view. In figure 1 the legs are denoted by 10 and 20, the connecting element 30 can vary in length W as indicated. Since such clamps can be manufactured as stamped/bent parts, it is possible without great effort to provide different clamp widths W (connecting element length) according to the usual building standard wall thicknesses. The angles α and β denote the angles between the legs 10, 20 and the connecting element 30. In figure 2 the terminal has different leg lengths L1 and L2.

figure 3 Figure 1 shows a leg 10, 10', 20, 20' of a clamp having a through hole 70 at its end remote from the connector.

figure 4 10 shows a clamp 100' in an oblique view with legs 10' and 20' of different lengths, the connecting element 30' having a bead structure 90. FIG.

figure 5 is a sketch of a wall opening with four clamps 100 built into the reveal. The legs 10 pointing towards the viewer are connected to the wall regions bordering the opening 80 (front side 40), the legs 20 are invisibly anchored to the rear side 50. The connecting element 30 represents the connection between the two legs 10, 20 and stretches over the inside 60 (balustrade, reveal, lintel). The coordinate system shows the opening in the xz plane. A door or window element to be installed is consequently adjusted parallel to the xz plane in the y direction (position in the reveal) and aligned in the x and z direction relative to the wall opening.

figure 6 uses the same orientation as figure 5 and thus shows a horizontal cross section in the xy plane. Two clamps are anchored in the wall opening 80--here laterally--with the legs 10, 20 and the connecting element 30 being in close contact with the inside or the front and rear sides 40, 50.

figure 7 finally shows a plan view of the connecting element 30 of a clamp 100 or 100', with beads 90.

Claims (8)

1. Use of a clamp (100) as a mounting base for a window or door element in a wall opening (80), wherein

   • the clamp (100) comprises a first leg (10), a second leg (20), and a connecting element (30) therebetween and is integrally formed;

   • the length W of the connecting element (30) is designed to substantially correspond to the thickness D of a wall in the region of the reveal, parapet or lintel;

   • the angle α between the first leg (10) and the connecting element (30) and the angle β between the second leg (20) and the connecting element (30) are substantially 90° and the first and second legs (10, 20) thus extend substantially parallel to one another;

   • the wall regions adjacent to the wall opening form on the one hand a first or front side (40) and on the other hand a second or rear side (50), and the wall sections of parapet, reveal and lintel facing the wall opening (80) are designated as the inner side (60); and

   • the first leg (10) is attached to the front side (40) and the second leg (20) is attached to the rear side (50) and the connecting element (30) rests against the inner side,

   characterized in that
   the first leg (10) has a length L1 and the second leg (20) has a length L2, and L1 is not equal to L2, whereby the load transfer from the ends of the legs into the wall takes place at two different wall sections.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the legs (10, 20) are designed to rest against the rear side (40) and front side (50).
3. Use according to claim 1-2, characterized in that the shorter of the two legs (10, 20) is arranged at the rear side (50).
4. Use according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the legs (10, 20) and the connecting element (30) are formed as substantially straight, flat metal elements.
5. Use according to claim 1-4, characterized in that the connecting element (30) comprises one or more longitudinally extending beads (90).
6. Use according to claim 1-5, characterized in that the window or door element is connected to the clamp (100, 100') by means of screws, bolts or pins.
7. Use according to claim 1-5, characterized in that the window or door element is connected to the clamp (100, 100') via an adjustment device, wherein the adjustment device comprises an adjustment element allowing a change of position of the window or door frame in the plane of the wall.
8. Use according to claim 1-5, characterized in that the window or door element is connected to the clamp (100, 100') via an adjustment device, wherein the adjustment device comprises an adjustment element allowing a change of position of the window or door frame parallel to the plane of the wall.

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