EP3702589A1 - Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur - Google Patents

Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3702589A1
EP3702589A1 EP20150411.5A EP20150411A EP3702589A1 EP 3702589 A1 EP3702589 A1 EP 3702589A1 EP 20150411 A EP20150411 A EP 20150411A EP 3702589 A1 EP3702589 A1 EP 3702589A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
housing
valve stem
sliding bush
valve seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20150411.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3702589B1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Langlechner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Langlechner GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Langlechner GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Langlechner GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Langlechner GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3702589A1 publication Critical patent/EP3702589A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3702589B1 publication Critical patent/EP3702589B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B29/00—Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
    • F01B29/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
    • F01B29/10—Engines
    • F01B29/12—Steam engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve stem guide for a steam expander according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a steam expander with such a valve stem guide.
  • Valve stem guides of the generic type are used to guide the valve stem of an inlet valve or an outlet valve of a steam expander in piston engine design, also called steam engine.
  • a valve stem has an end region on the valve body side and an end region facing away from this, correspondingly remote from the valve body, between which the region of the valve stem guided by means of the valve stem guide extends as a rule.
  • the end region of the valve stem on the valve body side carries and / or actuates a valve body which, together with a valve seat of the valve, opens and closes an inlet or an outlet for the working medium steam of the steam expander so that it enters the cylinder chamber or out of the cylinder chamber in individual cycles of the steam expander can flow, depending on whether it is an inlet valve or an outlet valve.
  • the valve stem guide is often provided with or formed by a sliding bushing which is inserted into a housing, for example a crankcase, of the steam expander.
  • a housing for example a crankcase
  • the insertion takes place by producing a press fit, that is, the construction of a so-called interference fit between the sliding bush and the housing surrounding it in order to achieve a force-locking connection.
  • the housing is provided with an opening, in particular a bore, for the sliding bushing and the sliding bushing is strongly cooled before it is inserted, whereby the housing can be heated at the same time, so that the sliding bushing contracts and the opening in the housing in particular expands so that the sliding bush can be inserted into the opening. After a Temperature equalization between the sliding bush and the housing results in the desired press fit.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a valve stem guide for a steam expander which avoids the problem of wear and leakage in the area of the valve seat insert.
  • the valve stem guide should be characterized by a particularly reliable operation of the corresponding valves with a long service life.
  • valve stem guide with the features of claim 1.
  • advantageous and particularly expedient embodiments and a steam expander according to the invention with such a valve stem guide are specified.
  • a valve stem guide according to the invention for a steam expander has a housing which is, for example, a component of the crankcase of the steam expander.
  • An opening running in the housing is provided for receiving a valve stem, the opening running in particular in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the housing.
  • a sliding bushing is inserted into the opening which has an inner guide surface for forming a sliding bearing for the valve stem.
  • the valve stem can slide with its outer surface directly on the inner guide surface of the sliding bush, whereby a material pairing is advantageously chosen at this interface or this sliding bearing that offers favorable lubricating properties.
  • the sliding bush is made of brass and the housing is made of steel.
  • the sliding bushing is screwed into the housing, either directly, that is, the sliding bushing and the housing each have a thread, the two threads being in engagement with one another, or indirectly, that is, the sliding bushing has a thread that is connected to a thread of a counter element cooperates, which in turn is locked in place in the housing.
  • the sliding bushing is only inserted into the valve seat ring, that is to say inserted free from a screw connection.
  • the sliding bushing is inserted loosely into the valve seat ring, that is to say with play between the sliding bushing and the valve seat ring.
  • the valve seat ring has, for example, a central bore which has a diameter that is greater than the outer diameter of the sliding bush, at least in the end facing the valve seat ring.
  • the diameter of the bore in the valve seat ring is at least 1/100 mm or 1/10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the sliding bush.
  • the sliding bushing By (loosely) inserting the sliding bushing into the valve seat ring, the sliding bushing is guided laterally, in particular over the full circumference of its end facing the valve seat ring, so that leverage forces previously acting on the sliding bushing are safely diverted without bending the sliding bushing.
  • the sliding bush in the region of the end facing the valve seat ring, the sliding bush is on the one hand enclosed by the material of the valve seat ring and on the other hand is enclosed by the material of the housing adjacent to the valve seat ring. Accordingly, there remains no free space radially outside the sliding bushing inside the housing.
  • the sliding bush has an external thread on an outer surface, by means of which the sliding bush is screwed into an internal thread provided in the opening.
  • the external thread on the sliding bush advantageously extends only over part of the axial length of the sliding bush. This is advantageous in order to reduce undesired introduction of force into the thread as a result of thermal expansions over the thread length.
  • the internal thread also extends in the housing only over part of the axial extent of the sliding bush or the axial section which the sliding bush faces in the opening.
  • the sliding bushing has a stop by means of which it strikes the housing when the sliding bushing is screwed into the housing or when the sliding bushing is screwed into the housing.
  • the stop can be designed, for example, in the form of a collar protruding in the radial direction on the sliding bush.
  • the stop strikes, for example, on the end face of a surface of the housing surrounding the opening.
  • the sliding bushing can have a driving profile at one axial end.
  • the driving profile can, for example, have the shape of an external hexagon.
  • other profiles are also possible, for example an internal drive such as hexagon socket or Torx (hexalobular socket).
  • Other external drives are also possible.
  • the driving profile is provided at the axial end of the sliding bushing, on which the external thread and in particular the stop is positioned.
  • the valve seat ring inserted coaxially to the sliding bushing in the housing preferably forms a valve seat for the inlet valve or outlet valve to which the valve stem is assigned.
  • the valve stem carries, for example, as shown at the beginning, at its axial end, which is advantageously more or less enclosed by the valve seat insert, a valve body which, together with the valve seat, more or less restricts the opening cross-section of the valve depending on the position of the valve body relative to the valve seat .
  • the opening in the housing can be designed to be stepped widened at its axial end facing the valve seat ring, so that the diameter of the opening expands in one step to a comparatively larger diameter that is adapted to the outer diameter of the valve seat ring.
  • the valve seat insert can be pressed into the opening in the housing, that is, an undersize fit is provided between the outer diameter of the valve seat insert and the inner diameter of the opening, in particular the widening in the opening.
  • valve stem guides in a steam expander are designed with sliding bushings inserted into the valve seat rings. Rather, only a part of the valve stem guides can be designed accordingly, whereas in another part of the valve stem guides an axial gap is provided between the valve seat ring and the sliding bush, namely in valve stem guides on which a lower leverage acts.
  • a steam expander has at least one cylinder or a plurality of cylinders, for example two cylinders, each one Have a cylinder space and a cylinder piston.
  • the cylinder piston is displaced by steam expansion in the cylinder space and can drive a crankshaft.
  • the or each cylinder space is connected to a steam supply of the steam expander via an inlet valve and to a steam outlet of the steam expander via an outlet valve.
  • At least one inlet valve which shuts off the steam supply after the cylinder space has been filled with steam, and / or an outlet valve, which blocks the steam discharge after the steam has been discharged from the cylinder space, has / have a valve seat, a valve body and one on the valve body for its movement relative to the valve seat connected valve stem, which is slidably mounted in a valve stem guide according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the area of an inlet valve 15 of a steam expander is shown.
  • the inlet valve 15 opens and closes the flow cross section for steam of a steam supply 18, via which the steam is passed into the cylinder space 19 of the steam expander.
  • the expanding steam moves the cylinder piston 20 along the cylinder liner 21 and thus drives a piston rod 22 that is not shown in detail here Crankshaft.
  • the cylinder liner 21 and the outer surface 23 of the cylinder piston 20 form a pairing that is optimized with regard to the sliding properties. However, this is not absolutely necessary; rather, the cylinder piston 20 could also slide directly on a surface of the housing 1.
  • a sliding bush 5 is also inserted, in which the valve stem 4 of the inlet valve 15 slides.
  • the sliding bush 5 has inserted sliding elements 24 which form a sliding bearing for the valve stem 4. Accordingly, the sliding elements 24 have a guide surface 6 for the valve stem 4.
  • the valve stem 4 could also slide directly in the base body of the sliding bush 5, so that the inner surface 25 would form the guide surface for the valve stem 4.
  • valve stem 4 carries the valve body 17, which cooperates with the valve seat 12 in order to adjust the flow cross-section in the steam supply 18 by varying the distance between the valve body 17 and the valve seat 12.
  • the valve seat 12 is formed here by a valve seat ring 11 which is inserted into the housing 1, but could also be implemented directly in the housing 1.
  • the sliding bush 5 is not extended up to the valve seat ring 11 and inserted into it, but a distance between the sliding bush 5 and the valve seat ring 11 is provided.
  • the other features shown here can, however, also be provided in a valve stem guide designed according to the invention.
  • a spring element 26 is provided, which here acts to close the inlet valve 15.
  • the inlet valve 15 can by applying a force by means of a not shown here Camshaft on the valve stem 4 against the force of the spring element 26, here in the form of a compression spring, are opened.
  • the sliding bush 5 has over a portion of the axial section of the outer surface 7 inserted into the opening 3 in the housing 1, here over significantly less than half the axial length of the inserted outer surface 7, an external thread 8 which is inserted into an internal thread 9 in the opening 3 is screwed in, in such a way that the sliding bush 5 strikes with the protruding collar 27 on an end face of the housing in the axial direction of the opening 3 and is braced. This also prevents the sliding bush 5 from slipping within the opening 3 if the housing 1 in the area of the opening 3 is heated more than the inserted sliding bush 5 due to its proximity to the cylinder chamber 19 and the steam supply 18 and is therefore subject to greater thermal expansion.
  • valve stem guides of the steam expander are shown, the two middle valve stem guides shown being designed according to the invention, whereas the two outer ones are different.
  • Corresponding elements are numbered with corresponding reference symbols.
  • FIG. 2 In the embodiment according to Figure 2 four openings 3 with inserted slide bushings 5 are provided, the two middle ones serving to guide the valve stem 4 each of an inlet valve 15 and the two outer ones to guide a valve stem 4 of outlet valves 16.
  • the sliding bushings 5 in turn have a collar 27 as a stop, for The respective sliding bush 5 is braced in the housing 1 when the sliding bush 5 is screwed with its external thread 8 into the internal thread 9 in the opening 3.
  • a driving profile 10 for example in the form of an external hexagon, is provided, which provides a drive for screwing the sliding bush 5 into the housing 1.
  • valve seat ring 11 which forms a valve seat 12, is inserted into the opening 3 in addition to the sliding bush 5.
  • the shape largely corresponds to that of the valve seat ring 11 according to FIG Figure 1 .
  • the valve stem guide has an axial gap 14 between the slide bushings 5 and the valve seat rings 11.
  • the two inner valve seat rings 11, on the other hand, have a significantly larger axial extent (extent in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2) and, in contrast to the outer valve seat rings 11, do not end flush with the housing 1, but protrude from it and protrude into an attached cover .
  • the two outer sliding bushings 5 are only enclosed by the housing 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the two inner sliding bushings 5, however, extend into the respective valve seat ring 11 and are inserted into it.
  • the respective valve seat ring 11 thus effects a radial guidance of the sliding bush 5 and prevents it from bending.
  • the sliding bush 5 is "freely" inserted into the valve seat ring 11, without a screw connection or an undercut, so that different thermal expansions of the sliding bush 5 and the valve seat ring 11 or the housing 1 are not hindered and the sliding bush 5 moves in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2 Valve seat ring 11 can move.
  • crankshaft 28 is also shown, which is driven by the cylinder piston, not shown here, via the piston rods.
  • camshaft 29 is also shown, the cams of which (not in Individually but only partially shown) actuate the valve stems 4 against the force of the spring elements 26.
  • the spring elements 26 are supported outside the collar 27 at the end of the housing 1, enclosing it.
EP20150411.5A 2019-03-01 2020-01-07 Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur Active EP3702589B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019202834.9A DE102019202834A1 (de) 2019-03-01 2019-03-01 Ventilschaftführung für einen Dampfexpander und Dampfexpander

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3702589A1 true EP3702589A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
EP3702589B1 EP3702589B1 (fr) 2022-02-23

Family

ID=69143408

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20150411.5A Active EP3702589B1 (fr) 2019-03-01 2020-01-07 Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur

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EP (1) EP3702589B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019202834A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2216512A1 (de) * 1972-04-06 1973-10-18 Teledyne Ind Auspuffvorrichtung fuer verbrennungskraftmaschinen
JPS60184913A (ja) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-20 Komatsu Ltd 蒸気原動機の吸気弁装置
JP3038091B2 (ja) * 1992-11-19 2000-05-08 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 セラミックバルブを用いたガスエンジン
KR101193713B1 (ko) * 2003-05-29 2012-10-22 이턴 코포레이션 엔진 어플리케이션용 고온 부식 및 산화 방지 밸브 가이드
US20130025571A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-01-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
DE102014218365A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Steamdrive Gmbh Ventilschaftführung für einen Dampfexpander und Dampfexpander

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190519695A (en) * 1905-09-29 1906-09-27 Charles Cheers Wakefield Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
GB202028A (en) * 1922-05-10 1923-08-10 Charles Frederick Ryland Improvements in valve guides for internal combustion engines
US3137211A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-06-16 Jr Russell Grinnell Compound uniflow steam engine
US6135080A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-10-24 Kallina; Henry D. Valve guide system and method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2216512A1 (de) * 1972-04-06 1973-10-18 Teledyne Ind Auspuffvorrichtung fuer verbrennungskraftmaschinen
JPS60184913A (ja) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-20 Komatsu Ltd 蒸気原動機の吸気弁装置
JP3038091B2 (ja) * 1992-11-19 2000-05-08 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 セラミックバルブを用いたガスエンジン
KR101193713B1 (ko) * 2003-05-29 2012-10-22 이턴 코포레이션 엔진 어플리케이션용 고온 부식 및 산화 방지 밸브 가이드
US20130025571A1 (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-01-31 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Internal combustion engine
DE102014218365A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Steamdrive Gmbh Ventilschaftführung für einen Dampfexpander und Dampfexpander

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Publication number Publication date
DE102019202834A1 (de) 2020-09-03
EP3702589B1 (fr) 2022-02-23

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