EP3702589B1 - Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur - Google Patents

Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3702589B1
EP3702589B1 EP20150411.5A EP20150411A EP3702589B1 EP 3702589 B1 EP3702589 B1 EP 3702589B1 EP 20150411 A EP20150411 A EP 20150411A EP 3702589 B1 EP3702589 B1 EP 3702589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
housing
valve seat
valve shaft
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20150411.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3702589A1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Langlechner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Langlechner GmbH and Co KG
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Langlechner GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3702589A1 publication Critical patent/EP3702589A1/fr
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Publication of EP3702589B1 publication Critical patent/EP3702589B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B29/00—Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
    • F01B29/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
    • F01B29/10—Engines
    • F01B29/12—Steam engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve stem guide for a steam expander according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a steam expander with such a valve stem guide.
  • Generic valve stem guides are used to guide the valve stem of an inlet valve or outlet valve of a steam expander in a piston engine design, also known as a steam engine.
  • a valve stem has an end region on the valve body side and an end region remote therefrom and correspondingly remote from the valve body, between which the region of the valve stem guided by means of the valve stem guide generally extends.
  • the end area of the valve stem on the valve body side carries and/or actuates a valve body which, together with a valve seat of the valve, opens and closes an inlet or an outlet for the working medium steam of the steam expander, so that it can enter or leave the cylinder chamber in individual cycles (strokes). of the vapor expander depending on whether it is an inlet valve or an outlet valve.
  • the valve stem guide is often provided with or formed by a sliding bushing which is inserted into a housing, for example a crankcase, of the steam expander.
  • a housing for example a crankcase
  • the insertion is done by producing a press fit, that is, constructing a so-called interference fit between the sliding bush and the housing surrounding it, in order to achieve a non-positive connection.
  • the housing is provided with an opening, in particular a bore, for the sliding bush and the sliding bush is greatly cooled before it is inserted, the housing being able to be heated at the same time, so that the sliding bush contracts and the opening in the housing in particular widens, so that the sliding bush can be inserted into the opening. after one Temperature equalization between the sliding bush and the housing results in the desired press fit.
  • valve stem guide is based on a solution that has been customary in practice for many decades, in practice in recent years there have been irregularly occurring efficiency losses in the operation of steam expanders, the cause of which was initially unclear. After there was also damage to the inlet valves and outlet valves, which led to a failure of the steam expander, investigations have shown that the opening and closing behavior of individual inlet valves and outlet valves has changed during operation of the steam expander.
  • DE 10 2014 218 365 A1 the aforementioned problems are due to the fact that the press fit of the sliding bushing in the housing temporarily loosened due to temperature expansion of the housing, so that the sliding bushing could be displaced within the housing when the sliding bushing was subjected to force via the frictional forces of the valve stem. As the temperature conditions changed during further operation, the press fit was re-established, but now with a different position of the sliding bush within the housing.
  • DE 10 2014 218 365 A1 therefore proposes to screw the bushing into the housing, directly or indirectly. The indirect screwing can be done by screwing the slide bushing into a valve seat ring.
  • the documents KR 101 193 713 B1 and DE 22 16 512 A1 disclose valve guides in which the slide bushing is inserted into the valve seat. .
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a valve stem guide for a steam expander which avoids the problem of wear and leakage in the area of the valve seat ring.
  • the valve stem guide should be characterized by a particularly reliable operation of the corresponding valves with a long service life.
  • valve stem guide having the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous and particularly expedient configurations and a steam expander according to the invention with such a valve stem guide are specified in the dependent claims.
  • a valve stem guide according to the invention for a steam expander has a housing which is, for example, part of the crankcase of the steam expander.
  • An opening running in the housing is provided for receiving a valve stem, the opening running in particular in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the housing.
  • a slide bushing is inserted into the opening, which bushing has an inner guide surface for forming a slide bearing for the valve stem.
  • the valve stem can thus slide with its outer surface directly on the inner guide surface of the sliding bush, with a material pairing advantageously being selected at this interface or this sliding bearing that offers favorable lubricating properties.
  • the bushing is made of brass and the housing is made of steel.
  • the sliding bush is screwed into the housing either directly, i.e. the sliding bush and the housing each have a thread, with the two threads being in engagement with one another, or indirectly, i.e. the sliding bush having a thread which a thread of a counter element cooperates, which in turn is locked in place in the housing.
  • the sliding bushing is only plugged into the valve seat ring, that is to say it is plugged in without a screw connection.
  • the sliding bushing is inserted loosely into the valve seat ring, ie with play between the sliding bushing and the valve seat ring.
  • the valve seat ring has, for example, a central bore that has a diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the sliding bush, at least in the end facing the valve seat ring.
  • the diameter of the bore in the valve seat ring is at least 1/100 mm or 1/10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the sliding bush.
  • the sliding bush By (loosely) inserting the sliding bush into the valve seat ring, the sliding bush is guided laterally, in particular over the entire circumference at its end facing the valve seat ring, so that leverage forces previously acting on the sliding bush are safely dissipated without bending the sliding bush.
  • the slide bushing in the area of the end facing the valve seat ring is surrounded on the one hand by the material of the valve seat ring and on the other hand surrounded by the material of the housing adjacent to the valve seat ring. Accordingly, no free space remains radially outside of the sliding bush within the housing.
  • the sliding bush carries an external thread on an outer surface, by means of which the sliding bush is screwed into an internal thread provided in the opening.
  • the external thread on the sliding bush extends over only part of the axial length of the sliding bush. This is beneficial in order to reduce an undesirable introduction of force into the thread as a result of thermal expansion over the length of the thread.
  • the internal thread also extends in the housing only over part of the axial extent of the sliding bush or of the axial section which faces the sliding bush in the opening.
  • the sliding bush has a stop, by means of which it strikes the housing when the sliding bush is screwed into the housing or when the sliding bush is screwed into the housing.
  • the stop can be designed, for example, in the form of a collar protruding in the radial direction on the sliding bush. The stop strikes, for example, on the face side against a surface of the housing surrounding the opening.
  • the sliding bush can have a carrier profile on one axial end.
  • the driver profile can have the shape of an external hexagon, for example.
  • other profiles are also possible, for example an internal drive such as a hexagon socket or torx (hexalobular socket).
  • Other external drives are also possible.
  • the carrier profile is provided on the axial end of the sliding bush, on which the external thread and in particular the stop is positioned.
  • valve seat ring used according to the invention coaxially with the sliding bush in the housing preferably forms a valve seat for the inlet valve or outlet valve, to which the valve stem is assigned.
  • the valve stem carries, for example, as initially described, a valve body at its axial end, which is advantageously more or less enclosed by the valve seat ring, which then, together with the valve seat, more or less restricts the opening cross section of the valve depending on the relative position of the valve body to the valve seat .
  • the opening in the housing can be expanded in steps at its axial end facing the valve seat ring, so that the diameter of the opening increases in one step to a comparatively larger diameter, which is adapted to the outside diameter of the valve seat ring.
  • the valve seat ring can be pressed into the opening in the housing, ie an undersized fit is provided between the outside diameter of the valve seat ring and the inside diameter of the opening, in particular the extension in the opening.
  • valve stem guides in a steam expander it is not absolutely necessary for all valve stem guides in a steam expander to be designed with slide bushings inserted into the valve seat inserts. Rather, only part of the valve stem guides can be designed accordingly, whereas in another part of the valve stem guides an axial gap is provided between the valve seat ring and the slide bush, namely in those valve stem guides on which a lower leverage acts.
  • a steam expander has at least one cylinder or a plurality of cylinders, for example two cylinders, each having a Have cylinder space and a cylinder piston.
  • the cylinder piston is displaced by steam expansion in the cylinder chamber and can drive a crankshaft.
  • the or each cylinder space is connected via an inlet valve to a vapor supply of the vapor expander and via an outlet valve to a vapor outlet of the vapor expander.
  • At least one inlet valve which blocks the steam supply after the cylinder chamber has been filled with steam, and/or an exhaust valve, which blocks the steam discharge after the steam has been discharged from the cylinder chamber, has/have a valve seat, a valve body and a valve body on the valve body for its movement relative to the valve seat connected valve stem, which is slidably mounted in a valve stem guide according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the area of an inlet valve 15 of a vapor expander is shown.
  • the inlet valve 15 opens and closes the flow cross-section for steam of a steam supply 18, via which the steam is conducted into the cylinder space 19 of the steam expander.
  • the expanding steam moves the cylinder piston 20 along the cylinder liner 21 and thus drives a piston rod 22, not shown in detail here crankshaft on.
  • the cylinder liner 21 forms a pairing with the outer surface 23 of the cylinder piston 20 that is optimized with regard to the sliding properties. However, this is not absolutely necessary, rather the cylinder piston 20 could also slide directly on a surface of the housing 1 .
  • a slide bushing 5 is also inserted into the housing 1, in which the valve stem 4 of the inlet valve 15 slides.
  • the sliding bushing 5 has sliding elements 24 inserted, which form a sliding bearing for the valve stem 4 .
  • the sliding elements 24 have a guide surface 6 for the valve stem 4 .
  • this is not absolutely necessary, rather the valve stem 4 could also slide directly in the base body of the sliding bush 5 so that the inner surface 25 would form the guide surface for the valve stem 4 .
  • the valve stem 4 carries the valve body 17 at one axial end, which cooperates with the valve seat 12 in order to adjust the flow cross-section in the vapor supply 18 by varying the distance between the valve body 17 and the valve seat 12 .
  • the valve seat 12 is formed here by a valve seat ring 11 which is inserted into the housing 1, but could also be implemented directly in the housing 1.
  • the slide bushing 5 is not extended to the valve seat ring 11 and inserted into it, but rather a distance is provided between the slide bushing 5 and the valve seat ring 11 .
  • the other features shown here can also be provided in a valve stem guide designed according to the invention.
  • a spring element 26 which acts here to close the inlet valve 15 .
  • the inlet valve 15 by applying a force by means of a not shown here Camshaft are opened on the valve stem 4 against the force of the spring element 26, here in the form of a compression spring.
  • the sliding bush 5 has an external thread 8 over a partial area of the axial section of the outer surface 7 inserted into the opening 3 in the housing 1, here over significantly less than half the axial length of the inserted outer surface 7, which thread into an internal thread 9 in the opening 3 is screwed in in such a way that the sliding bushing 5 with the protruding collar 27 strikes and is braced against an end face of the housing in the axial direction of the opening 3 .
  • This also prevents the slide bush 5 from slipping within the opening 3 when the housing 1 is heated more in the area of the opening 3 due to the proximity to the cylinder chamber 19 and the steam supply 18 than the slide bush 5 used and is therefore subject to greater thermal expansion.
  • valve stem guides of the steam expander are shown, the two middle valve stem guides shown being designed according to the invention, while the two outer ones are different.
  • Corresponding elements are numbered with corresponding reference characters.
  • sliding bushes 5 In the embodiment according to figure 2 Four openings 3 with inserted sliding bushes 5 are provided, with the two middle ones serving to guide the valve stem 4 of an intake valve 15 and the two outer ones to guide a valve stem 4 of exhaust valves 16.
  • the sliding bushes 5 in turn have a collar 27 as a stop, for Tensioning of the respective sliding bush 5 in the housing 1 when the sliding bush 5 is screwed with its external thread 8 into the internal thread 9 in the opening 3.
  • a driver profile 10 for example in the form of an external hexagon, which offers a drive for screwing the sliding bush 5 into the housing 1 .
  • valve seat ring 11 is inserted into the opening 3 next to the sliding bush 5, which forms a valve seat 12.
  • the shape largely corresponds to that of the valve seat ring 11 according to FIG figure 1 .
  • the valve stem guide has an axial gap 14 between the slide bushings 5 and the valve seat rings 11 .
  • the two inner valve seat rings 11, on the other hand, have a significantly greater axial extension (extension in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2) and, in contrast to the outer valve seat rings 11, are not flush with the housing 1, but protrude from it and protrude into an attached cover .
  • Deviating from the representation according to the figure 1 is in the embodiment according to figure 2 the guiding surface 6 of the sliding bushes 5 is formed directly by the inner surface 25 of the sliding bushes 5.
  • the two outer sliding bushes 5 are surrounded only by the housing 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the two inner slide bushings 5, on the other hand, extend into the respective valve seat ring 11 and are inserted into it.
  • the respective valve seat ring 11 causes a radial guidance of the sliding bush 5 and prevents the same from bending.
  • the sliding bush 5 is inserted "freely" into the valve seat ring 11, without a screw connection or an undercut, so that different thermal expansions of the sliding bush 5 and the valve seat ring 11 or the housing 1 are not impeded and the sliding bush 5 moves in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2 in the Valve seat ring 11 can move.
  • crankshaft 28 is also shown, which is driven by the cylinder pistons, not shown here, via the piston rods.
  • camshaft 29 is also shown, the cam (not in the Individual but only partially shown) actuate the valve stems 4 against the force of the spring elements 26 .
  • the spring elements 26 are supported outside of the collar 27 enclosing it on the front side of the housing 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Guidage de tige de soupape pour un détendeur de vapeur avec un corps (1) ;
    avec au moins une ouverture (3) dans le corps (1) destinée à recevoir un corps de soupape (4) ; dans lequel
    une douille de glissement (5), qui présente une surface de guidage intérieure (6) destinée à former un palier de glissement pour la tige de soupape (4), est insérée dans l'ouverture (3) ;
    la douille de glissement (5) étant vissée directement ou indirectement dans le corps (1) ; dans lequel
    un siège de soupape rapporté (11) est introduit de façon coaxiale de la douille de glissement (5) dans l'ouverture (3) du corps (1) ;
    caractérisé en ce que la douille de glissement (5) est seulement insérée dans le siège de soupape rapporté (11).
  2. Guidage de tige de soupape selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la douille de glissement (5) présente sur une surface extérieure (7) un filetage extérieur (8) au moyen duquel la douille de glissement (5) est vissée dans un filetage intérieur (9) formé dans l'ouverture (3).
  3. Guidage de tige de soupape selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le filetage extérieur (8) et aussi, en particulier, le filetage intérieur (9) ne s'étendent que sur une partie de l'étendue axiale de l'ouverture (3) dans le corps (1) et seulement sur une partie de l'étendue axiale de la douille de glissement (5).
  4. Guidage de tige de soupape selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la douille de glissement (5) présente une butée, en particulier sous la forme d'un collet (27) en saillie dans le sens radial, avec lequel elle bute sur le corps (1) lors du vissage de la douille de glissement (5) dans le corps (1), et en ce que le filetage extérieur (8) est limitrophe de la butée dans le sens axial.
  5. Guidage de tige de soupape selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la douille de glissement (5) présente un profil d'entraînement (10), en particulier sous la forme d'un hexagone mâle, à une extrémité axiale.
  6. Guidage de tige de soupape selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture (3) est conformée, en particulier, en gradins à son extrémité axiale, avec un élargissement (13) dans lequel le siège de soupape rapporté (11) est introduit.
  7. Guidage de tige de soupape selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape rapporté (11) est pressé dans l'ouverture (3), en particulier avec un ajustement surdimensionné.
  8. Guidage de tige de soupape selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la douille de glissement (5) est insérée dans le siège de soupape rapporté (11) avec un jeu.
  9. Détendeur de vapeur avec au moins un cylindre ou plusieurs cylindres présentant un espace de cylindre (19) et un piston de cylindre (20), dans lequel l'espace de cylindre (19) communique par une soupape d'admission (15) avec une arrivée de vapeur (18) et par une soupape d'échappement (16) avec une évacuation de vapeur, et au moins une soupape d'amission (15) et/ou une soupape d'échappement (16) présente un siège de soupape (12), un corps de soupape (17) et une tige de soupape (4) raccordée au corps de soupape pour le déplacement de celuici par rapport au siège de soupape (12), qui est supportée de façon coulissante dans un guidage de tige de soupape selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
EP20150411.5A 2019-03-01 2020-01-07 Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur Active EP3702589B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019202834.9A DE102019202834A1 (de) 2019-03-01 2019-03-01 Ventilschaftführung für einen Dampfexpander und Dampfexpander

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3702589A1 EP3702589A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
EP3702589B1 true EP3702589B1 (fr) 2022-02-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20150411.5A Active EP3702589B1 (fr) 2019-03-01 2020-01-07 Guidage de tige de soupape pour un expanseur à vapeur et expanseur à vapeur

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3702589B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019202834A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6135080A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-10-24 Kallina; Henry D. Valve guide system and method

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190519695A (en) * 1905-09-29 1906-09-27 Charles Cheers Wakefield Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
GB202028A (en) * 1922-05-10 1923-08-10 Charles Frederick Ryland Improvements in valve guides for internal combustion engines
US3137211A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-06-16 Jr Russell Grinnell Compound uniflow steam engine
JPS60184913A (ja) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-20 Komatsu Ltd 蒸気原動機の吸気弁装置
JP3038091B2 (ja) * 1992-11-19 2000-05-08 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 セラミックバルブを用いたガスエンジン
US7235116B2 (en) * 2003-05-29 2007-06-26 Eaton Corporation High temperature corrosion and oxidation resistant valve guide for engine application
CN102859132A (zh) * 2010-04-21 2013-01-02 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机
DE102014218365A1 (de) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Steamdrive Gmbh Ventilschaftführung für einen Dampfexpander und Dampfexpander

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6135080A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-10-24 Kallina; Henry D. Valve guide system and method

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Publication number Publication date
EP3702589A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
DE102019202834A1 (de) 2020-09-03

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