EP3700555A1 - Particules pseudo-virales utiles pour traiter des maladies auto-immunes - Google Patents
Particules pseudo-virales utiles pour traiter des maladies auto-immunesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3700555A1 EP3700555A1 EP18804370.7A EP18804370A EP3700555A1 EP 3700555 A1 EP3700555 A1 EP 3700555A1 EP 18804370 A EP18804370 A EP 18804370A EP 3700555 A1 EP3700555 A1 EP 3700555A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particle
- cells
- pseudoviral
- autoimmune
- plasmid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/76—Viruses; Subviral particles; Bacteriophages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0008—Antigens related to auto-immune diseases; Preparations to induce self-tolerance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily
- C07K14/70521—CD28, CD152
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70578—NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K2035/122—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells for inducing tolerance or supression of immune responses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55505—Inorganic adjuvants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55522—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- A61K2039/55527—Interleukins
- A61K2039/55533—IL-2
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/13011—Gammaretrovirus, e.g. murine leukeamia virus
- C12N2740/13023—Virus like particles [VLP]
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16023—Virus like particles [VLP]
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- C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
- C12N2740/16041—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2740/16043—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the invention relates to compositions comprising pseudo viral particles useful for modifying, regulating or suppressing an immune response, more particularly for treating an immune dysfunction such as an autoimmune disease. Methods for producing said compositions are described.
- This invention can be used in mammals, particularly in humans but also in other vertebrates.
- Autoimmune diseases result from a dysfunction of the immune system that attacks the normal constituents of the body (auto-antigen).
- Pseudoviral particles also known as virus-like particles (VLPs) are used for anti-infectious or anti-tumor vaccination.
- VLPs virus-like particles
- Pseudoviral particles have the advantage of being easily modulated and can be used as an antigenic platform.
- the targeted antigens can thus be conveyed inside or on the surface of the pseudo-viral particles, favoring the triggering specific humoral and cellular immune responses, but also to mask the antigens of the neutralizing or reactive factors (antibodies) when they are inside.
- antibodies neutralizing or reactive factors
- the great flexibility of this antigenic platform allows the vectorization of immunoregulatory molecules, at the origin of the induction of tolerance.
- the pseudoviral particles block the activation of antigen-presenting cells and the activation of T cells and can therefore be used to modulate immune responses, or even induce a specific immune tolerance.
- the pseudoviral particles make it possible to render the organism tolerant to antigens vectorized by these so-called tolerogenic pseudoviral particles.
- a first subject of the invention is a pseudoviral particle comprising one or more antigen (s) and an immunoregulatory molecule exposed on the surface of the particle.
- the pseudoviral particle according to the invention is particularly used in the treatment of an immune dysfunction, preferably an autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, an autoimmune thyroid, the disease Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease (autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- an immune dysfunction preferably an autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, an autoimmune thyroid, the disease Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease (autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- an immune dysfunction preferably an autoimmune disease such as multiple
- the pseudoviral particle is preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutical excipient.
- plasmid or set of plasmid (s) capable of producing in situ a pseudoviral particle as defined herein, in particular for use in the treatment of immune dysfunction, is used.
- Figure 1 illustrates the structure of VLP-free VLPs without CTLA-4 (VLP), VLPs with OVA-only antigen (VLP OVA ) or CTLA-4-associated (tVLP OVA ), VLPs without antigen and expressing CTLA- 4 on its surface (tVLP-), and VLPs with OVA antigen (VLP OVA ) co-injected with soluble CTLA-4 (CTLA-4-Ig).
- Figure 2 illustrates the constructs used to form the particles of the invention (A) and the structure of the tVLP OVA tolerant pseudoviral particle (B) where OVA is the target antigen.
- Figure 3 illustrates the characterization and expression of therapeutic proteins in OVA tVLPs.
- A Validation by Western blot expression of Gag and OVA in the virus-like particles VLP OVA.
- VLP "are particles control without the OVA antigen.
- B Validation by immunoprecipitation of the expression of CTLA-4 in the virus-like particles TVLPs.
- C Comparison of the expression of chimeric forms of CTLA-4 (WT, TM- VSV-G, or area of GPI anchor) in the transfected cells (top) or on the surface of virus-like particles (below) by flow cytometry. the untransfected cells or VLPs "are used as a negative control (black).
- D Validation by Western blot expression of Gag and OVA in the virus-like particles VLP OVA.
- VLP "are particles control without the OVA antigen.
- B Validation by immunoprecipitation of the expression of CTLA-4 in the virus-like particles TVLPs.
- C Comparison of the expression
- Figure 4 illustrates the uptake and effects of tVLPs on purified dendritic cells.
- A Experimental scheme. Purified dendritic cells CD1 lc hlgh MHC jjh i gh ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ spleen sou ri s BALB / c or dendritic cells derived from bone marrow are cultured in the presence of VLPs VLP TVLPs GFP or GFP and stimulated or not with LPS. 24 hours after culture, the expression of co stimulation molecules and activation markers is analyzed by flow cytometry. B. The uptake of GFP VLPs by the purified dendritic cells is confirmed by the presence of GFP + cells after 24h culture.
- VLPs "are used as a negative control (black).
- C-E The expression of costimulatory molecules and activation markers was analyzed by flow cytometry on dendritic cells purified after co-culture with the environment the presence or absence of ⁇ g / ml of LPS and 5, 10 or 15 ⁇ g / ml of tVLP GFP The expression of CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC-II is analyzed in cells expressing CD1 lc and MHC-II.
- C. represents the cytometry profiles of CD80, CD86 in dendritic cells cultured in culture medium alone, in the presence of LPS and in the presence of LPS and tVLP GFP (15 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ ).
- D. The expression of costimulatory molecules is measured using the Geometric Mean Fluorescence (MFI).
- E. The expression modulation is represented by the ratio MFI compared to the control medium.
- Figure 5 illustrates the effects of tVLPs on dendritic cells derived from bone marrow precursors.
- A Illustrates the expression CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC-II analyzed by flow cytometry on living bone marrow dendritic cells after co-culture with medium in the presence or absence of 1 g / ml of LPS and 5 mg / ml of LPS. , 10 or 15 ⁇ g / mL tVLP GFP .
- Expression modulation of CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC-II is represented by the gMFI ratio compared to the control medium.
- B ELIS A quantification of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of the dendritic cells after 24 hours of culture in medium alone, in the presence of LPS or in the presence of LPS and tVLP.
- Figure 6 illustrates the blocking of proliferation of specific antigen T cells by tVLPs.
- Live T cells OT-II CTV + CD4 + co-cultured for 2 days with irradiated splenocytes loaded with a peptide OVA323-339 in the presence or absence of 10 ⁇ g / ml of VLP " , tVLP " , or an equivalent dose of hCTLA- 4 are analyzed by flow cytometry.
- CTV dilution suppression indices of OT-II cells co-cultured for two or three days with splenocytes contacted with peptide OVA323-339 (C) or protein OVA (D). The results correspond to the mean ⁇ SEM (n 4) and represent 3 independent experiments.
- Figure 7 shows the validation of the expression of MOG in TVLPs MOG and its suppressive effect on the effector cells of multiple sclerosis.
- A Validation by Western blot of the expression of MOG and in Gag VLPs VLP MOG. VLPs "are used as control.
- B Validation by flow cytometry of the expression of CTLA-4 in the virus-like particles TVLPs MOG. VLPs" are used as negative control.
- C Blocking the proliferation of MOG-specific 2D2 T cells by tVLP MOG . Cytometry Profile CTV dilutions of the CD4 + T cells CTV + 2D2 after seven days in the presence of TVLP MOG and VLP "(control).
- D T cell division kinetics in different growing conditions.
- E Validation by Western blot of the expression of MOG and in Gag VLPs VLP MOG. VLPs "are used as control.
- B Validation by flow cytometry of the expression of CTLA-4 in the virus-like particles TVLPs
- Figure 9 illustrates the functional validation of IL-2 present on the surface of tVLPs.
- IL-2 + VLPs were cultured (5 ⁇ g / ml) with IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells, and cell proliferation (A) and survival (B) were evaluated on After a period of 8 days, IL-2 at 25 or 50 IU / mL, or medium alone, was used in control.
- FIG 10 shows the therapeutic effect of tVLPs on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (mice developing experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE)).
- EAE experimental autoimmune encephalitis
- Figure 11 shows that induction of tolerance by tVLPs reduces immune infiltration of the central nervous system and increases splenic Tregs.
- Mouses C57B1 / 6 received a daily intraperitoneal injection of tVLPs or PBS (placebo) between days 15 to 25 (in bold) after induction of ⁇ .
- PBS placebo
- the inventors have developed a method for treating immune dysfunction of a subject, such as autoimmune diseases, comprising administering pseudoviral particles containing an antigen and an immunoregulatory molecule.
- This pseudoviral particle advantageously contains an immunoregulatory molecule, exposed on its surface.
- the present invention thus relates to a pseudoviral particle comprising an antigen and an immunoregulatory molecule exposed on the surface of the particle, which makes it possible to promote the specific tolerance of the antigen.
- the immunoregulatory molecule is preferably a molecule that exerts regulatory and / or suppressive functions on antigen presenting cells, promoting recruitment of regulatory T cells.
- the immunoregulatory molecule may be an immune checkpoint receptor ("immune-checkpoint receptor"), more particularly a peptide sequence comprising the extracellular domain, more particularly the immunoglobulin-like domain (also called Ig-like domain ") of an immune control point receptor, preferably selected from the group consisting of: CTLA-4 (for" Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 "), OX40 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4)), PD1 (Programmed Cell Death 1), Tim3 (also known as HAVCR2), LAG-3 and TIGIT (also known as IVSTM3).
- Immune-checkpoint receptor for a Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 "
- OX40 Tuor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4
- PD1 Programmed Cell Death 1
- Tim3 also known as HAVCR2
- LAG-3 and TIGIT also known as IVSTM3
- the immunoregulatory molecule may also be a cytokine, preferably selected from the group consisting of: IL-2 (Interleukin 2), IL-10 (Interleukin 10) and TGF-beta.
- the immunoregulatory molecule is preferably fused to the transmembrane domain and / or anchoring a protein, preferably a glycoprotein.
- the immunoregulatory molecule is linked to the transmembrane domain of an envelope protein or a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring system to be exposed on the surface of the particle.
- the cytokine which is preferably interleukin-2, may be human or other animal species, it may be wild-type or mutant. In particular, it may be a modified human IL-2 des-alanyl-1, serine-125.
- Adjuvant molecules can be associated with the ability to direct immune responses to a desired cytokine profile.
- a molecule capable of activating Toll Like Receptor (TLR) such as viral RNA, preferably non-coding RNA, can be combined to enhance Th1 responses (Pitois et al., J. Virol, 2017). Oct. 13; 91 (21)) and thus fight against Th2 responses that may sometimes be associated with autoimmune pathological mechanisms, such as in autoimmune pancreatitis (Pakala et al., J. Exp Med., 1997, 186 (2): 299-306).
- the particles according to the invention can also be associated with molecules or adjuvants (of alum type) capable of initiating mechanisms causing Th2-type responses.
- the pseudoviral particle is preferably a synthetic retroviral particle.
- the pseudoviral particle comprises a retroviral capsid protein and / or a retroviral envelope protein.
- the present invention more particularly relates to the pseudoviral particles defined herein for use in the treatment of immune dysfunction.
- the pseudoviral particles according to the invention are used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
- the pseudoviral particle of said invention comprises an antigen which is a self antigen also called autoantigen for use in the treatment of an autoimmune disease, preferably multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, an autoimmune thyroid, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease (autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- an autoimmune disease preferably multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, an autoimmune thyroid, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease (autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- the present invention also relates to a plasmid (s) capable of producing in vitro but also in situ pseudoviral particles.
- a plasmid (s) capable of producing in vitro but also in situ pseudoviral particles.
- one or more plasmids encoding a capsid protein and / or an envelope protein constituting the pseudoviral particle are used.
- the present invention relates more particularly to said plasmids for use in the treatment of immune dysfunction.
- the pseudoviral particle or the plasmid (s) capable (s) of producing in situ a pseudo viral particle can be administered to the subject preferably mucosally, for example orally, sublingually, intranasally, or subcutaneously or intravenous.
- the present invention uses a pharmaceutical composition comprising the pseudoviral particle or plasmid (s) capable (s) of producing in situ pseudoviral particles.
- This composition may also comprise a pharmaceutical excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise several pseudoviral particles or several plasmid (s) capable of producing in situ pseudoviral particles comprising different antigens and / or different immunoregulatory molecules.
- Also described here is a method for preparing pseudoviral particles or plasmids capable of producing in situ the pseudo viral particles.
- antigen refers to a molecule such as a protein, a polypeptide, a peptide, a lipid, a nucleic acid, a polysaccharide, an epitope capable of being recognized by an antibody or cells of the immune system.
- the antigen is able to trigger an immune response.
- the immune response can lead to antibody production and / or activation of system cells immune.
- the antigen is a protein, a polypeptide, a heterologous peptide of the pseudoviral particle, more particularly a protein, a polypeptide or a non-viral peptide.
- the antigen is a heterologous molecule vis-a-vis the virus forming the particle.
- the antigen is a self antigen also called autoantigen.
- autoantigen is meant here an antigen of the patient, targeted by an autoimmune response during a breach of tolerance.
- the term also includes epitope fragments of complete proteins.
- autoimmune disease is caused by an inappropriate response of the immune system to molecules or a combination of molecules that are normally present in the body. These molecules are then called autoantigens.
- autoimmune diseases include multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, autoimmune thyroids, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease ( Autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- allergic reactions or allergic symptoms are not included in the definition of autoimmune diseases referred to here.
- the term “treat” means to suppress the symptoms, to eliminate the causes of the symptoms transiently or permanently but also to prevent or slow the appearance of symptoms of the immune dysfunction.
- subject means any human persons or non-human animals that are likely to be treated by the composition of the present invention.
- subject means any human persons or non-human animals that are likely to be treated by the composition of the present invention.
- subjects who may experience immune dysfunction those who have already been subject to immune dysfunction, who have predispositions to immune dysfunction, or who have evidence of immune dysfunction.
- the term “effective amount” refers to an amount of pseudoviral particles according to the invention necessary or sufficient to, without causing significant and adverse side effects for subject, delaying or stopping the onset of immune dysfunction, making improvements, reducing the severity or incidence of immune dysfunction, or stopping or treating immune dysfunction.
- An effective amount may be administered prior to the occurrence of immune dysfunction, for prophylactic or preventive action. Alternatively or additionally, an effective amount can be administered after the onset of immune dysfunction for therapeutic action.
- an “excipient” designates, in the present invention, any substance other than the active ingredient present in a composition conferring upon it stability, shape (liquid, solid, capsule, etc., depending on the mode of administration), taste, dissolution (e.g., targeted dissolution in the stomach or digestive tract), color, etc.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers more specifically to an excipient which does not induce an undesired reaction when administered to a subject, preferably to a human. This definition includes all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial or antifungal agents, isotonic agents and agents to delay the absorption of the active ingredient, etc.
- the preparations must meet the requirements of sterility, pyrogenicity, general safety and purity standards defined by regulatory agencies, such as the FDA's Biological Standards Bureau.
- RNA is meant herein any molecule of ribonucleic acid.
- the ribonucleic acid molecules may be natural or modified ribonucleotides, in particular to have a better resistance to RNases.
- the RNA sequence may include stabilization sequences that increase the half-life of the RNA in the cytosol.
- the stabilization sequences are transcribed and untranslated sequences of the ⁇ -globin gene.
- the present invention relates to a pseudoviral particle comprising an antigen.
- the pseudoviral particle of the present invention is intended to regulate the immune system is particularly durable and specific, and in particular it enables the immune profile to be deviated or to induce an active mechanism for regulating autoimmune responses.
- the pseudoviral particle of the invention further comprises an immunoregulatory molecule expressed on the surface of the particle.
- Pseudoviral particles useful in the invention are:
- the pseudoviral particles are formed by self-assembly of at least one structural protein of viral origin such as capsid protein or envelope protein. These particles mimic the structure and antigenic properties of the native virion but are unable to replicate.
- the pseudoviral particles are produced by self-assembly of structural proteins, in particular subunits constituting the viral capsid and / or the viral envelope (international patent application WO2002 / 34893).
- the pseudoviral particles can be obtained from double-stranded DNA viruses such as herpes virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, single-stranded DNA virus, double-stranded RNA virus.
- double-stranded DNA viruses such as herpes virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, single-stranded DNA virus, double-stranded RNA virus.
- reovirus single-strand positive-strand RNA virus, negative-strand single-strand RNA virus, retrovirus.
- the pseudoviral particles are obtained from the assembly of structural proteins of AAV, adenovirus, VSV and herpes virus.
- the pseudoviral particles can be prepared from retroviruses. It may be in particular retrovirus belonging to the family of oncoviruses, lentiviruses or spumaviruses. In the family of oncoviruses, non-oncogenic carriers such as for example MoMLV, ALV, BLV or MMTV and fast oncoviruses, such as RSV for example, may be mentioned in particular. In the family of lentiviruses, there may be mentioned for example HIV, SIV, FIV or CAEV.
- the viral particle according to the invention comprises a structural protein, preferably an envelope derived from VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus), more particularly VSV-G.
- the structural proteins of said pseudoviral particle are capsids and / or viral envelopes.
- the viral capsid is a multiprotein structure that encompasses and protects the genetic material in a virus.
- the capsid is formed from copies of a single or different protein subunits. Some viruses are surrounded by a lipid bilayer envelope containing glycoproteins. This envelope makes it possible to modulate tropism and immunogenicity.
- the pseudoviral particle is a synthetic retroviral particle.
- a retroviral particle comprises an envelope protein synthesized from an env gene, capsid proteins synthesized from the gag gene, and enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, proteases or an integrase synthesized from the pol gene, associated with a viral genome consisting of two copies of AR containing the gag / pol / env sequences.
- the synthetic retroviral particle comprises an envelope protein and / or a capsid protein.
- envelopes which can be used in the present invention are envelopes of the following viruses: 4070A, RDI 14, 10A1, VSV, LCMV, HIV, rabies virus, or GALV.
- the envelope has a tropism for mammalian cells, more particularly for human cells.
- the pseudoviral particle does not comprise envelope protein.
- the pseudoviral particle comprises the MoMLV gag capsid protein capable of self-assembly into pseudo viral particles.
- the pseudoviral particles may comprise modified viral proteins. These proteins can be modified, inter alia, by bank screening, by chemical modification or by genetic modification of the sequence of the natural viral protein.
- the viral protein can be modified by substitution, addition or deletion of amino acids.
- the viral proteins may also be covalently or non-covalently bound to the antigen and / or the immunoregulatory molecule by gene modification of the viral protein sequence or by chemical bonding.
- the modified viral protein may comprise at least a portion of the viral protein fused to the antigen or immunoregulatory molecule.
- the pseudoviral particle comprises an antigen.
- the antigen is a self-antigen.
- the antigen may be exposed on the surface of the pseudoviral particle or contained in the pseudoviral particle.
- the antigen may be associated with the pseudo viral particle, for example via the envelope, a fragment of the envelope, the capsid protein, a fragment of the capsid protein.
- the antigen may be fused by the N-terminal or C-terminal domain of the capsid protein or capsid protein fragment to be contained in the pseudoviral particle.
- the antigen may also be fused to the transmembrane domain or the anchor domain of the envelope or envelope fragment or to the GPI domain to be exposed on the surface of the pseudoviral particle.
- the antigen may be contained in the pseudoviral particle, for example by fusing the antigen to the capsid, in particular to the N or C-terminal domain of the capsid, preferably to the C-terminal domain of the protein. of capsid.
- the antigen may be linked to the structural protein directly or via a "linker", preferably a peptide sequence.
- Peptide sequence is understood to mean an amino acid sequence which makes it possible to bind protein subunits so that the protein adopts a good conformation for the activity of the protein subunits.
- the peptide sequence "linker” is a sequence of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 50 amino acids.
- the antigen may be contained within the pseudoviral particle.
- the antigen can be fused directly or via a peptide bond to the capsid protein, preferably to the C-terminal domain of the gag capsid protein.
- the antigen can also be exposed on the surface of the particle or contained in the particle through a chemical or enzymatic reaction.
- the pseudoviral particle used in the invention comprises an immunoregulatory molecule.
- the immunoregulatory molecules are capable of modulating the immune response, in particular by modulating the functions of the antigen presenting cells and / or the regulatory T cells.
- the molecules Immune-regulators are molecules that can increase the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs).
- the immunoregulatory molecule may be a receptor capable of modulating the immune response, in particular, capable of inducing the suppressive function of Tregs.
- these immunoregulatory molecules can be derived from immune-check-point receptors, such as PD1 (Programmed Cell Death 1, also known as PDCD1 or CD279 ), CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4, also known as CD 152), Tim3 (also known as HAVCR2), TIGIT (also known as IVSTM3) or OX40.
- the immunoregulatory molecules correspond to the extracellular domain of the receptors, more particularly to the immunoglobulin-like domain (immunoglobulin-like domain) of the immune control point receptors such as, for example, the extracellular domains or the domain of the type immunoglobulin of PD1, CTLA-4, Tim3, TIGIT or OX40.
- the immunoregulatory molecule may also be a receptor ligand such as PD1-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1, also known as CD274).
- the immunoregulatory molecules may also be cytokines such as for example IL-2 which is required for the generation and maintenance of Tregs. Also, on dendritic cells, the neutralization of costimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 especially after CTLA4 binding may block lymphocyte activation.
- the immunoregulatory molecules can exert their function by modifying the orientation of the immune responses, in particular to a Th1, Th2, Th3 profile, for example for the treatment of autoimmune responses.
- the immunoregulatory molecules are molecules capable of activating TLRs (Toll-like receptors).
- the molecules capable of activating TLRs are, for example, molecules comprising structures conserved in pathogens such as flagellins, unmethylated CpG DNA or RNA.
- viral RNA can stimulating TLR7 / TLR8 and flagellin can stimulate TLR5 and thus promote the orientation of responses to a Thl profile.
- RNA capable of activating TLRs can be stabilized against RNase degradation.
- the viral RNA can be chemically modified with respect to natural RNA. The modification may consist of replacing, inserting or deleting one or more atoms or groups of atoms.
- the RNA comprises at least one modified nucleotide.
- the RNA can also comprise a cap of one or more modified guanosine nucleotides or a tail of several adenosines.
- the RNA molecules of the present invention are preferably RNAs comprising between 2 and 1000 nucleotides, more preferably between 8 and 200 nucleotides, even more preferentially between 15 and 31 nucleotides.
- the RNA can be single or double-stranded RNA.
- the RNA useful in the present invention is preferably viral RNA.
- the viral RNA can be coding or non-coding, preferentially the viral RNA is non-coding.
- the non-coding viral RNA can be derived from the cytomegalo virus.
- the immunoregulatory molecule can be exposed on the surface of the pseudoviral particle or be contained in the pseudoviral particle.
- the immunoregulatory molecule can be exposed on the surface of the pseudoviral particle, for example, via the envelope, a fragment of the envelope, the capsid protein, a fragment of the capsid protein or the transmembrane domain, or anchoring a protein.
- the immunoregulatory molecule may be fused by the N-terminal or C-terminal domain of the capsid protein or capsid fragment of the pseudoviral particle.
- the immunoregulatory molecule is preferably fused to a transmembrane domain or an anchor domain of a protein, preferably an envelope protein, preferably a glycoprotein.
- the immunoregulatory molecule may be linked to the structural protein or the transmembrane domain directly or via a "linker", preferably a peptide sequence.
- sequence Peptide is an amino acid sequence that binds protein subunits so that the protein adopts a good conformation for the activity of protein subunits.
- the peptide sequence "linker” is a sequence of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 50 amino acids.
- the peptide sequence "linker” is GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the immunoregulatory molecule can also be exposed on the surface of the pseudoviral particle or contained in the particle through a chemical or enzymatic reaction.
- the immunoregulatory molecule or the extracellular domain of the immunoregulatory molecule is exposed on the surface of the particle by binding the immunoregulatory molecule or the extracellular domain of the immunoregulatory molecule to the transmembrane domain of the VSV-glycoprotein.
- G vesicular stomatitis virus
- GI glycophosphatidylinositol
- the immunoregulatory molecule or the extracellular domain of the immunoregulatory molecule is linked to the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) domain for anchoring the CD59 glycoprotein.
- GPI glycophosphatidylinositol
- the immunoregulatory molecule may be covalently linked or not, it may be linked directly or via a "linker" to a viral protein, preferably via a peptic sequence.
- the immunoregulatory molecule can also be bound to the pseudoviral particle through a chemical or enzymatic reaction.
- a pseudoretroviral particle formed by the expression of a C-terminal fused Gag protein to an antigen-like antigen, further comprising a glycoprotein composed of the transmembrane domain of VSV-G or an anchor domain of the N-terminal fused CD59 glycoprotein to an immunoregulatory molecule such as IL-2, PD-L1 or the extracellular domain of PD1, or CTLA-4.
- a linker preferably a peptide sequence, can be included between the two parts to limit stoichiometric constraints.
- the particle may possibly contain molecules inside non-coding AR, playing the role of TLR ligand.
- the pseudoviral particles may be prepared from methods known in the art. In particular, they can be produced using packaging cell lines.
- the method for preparing the pseudoviral particles comprises a step of culturing cell lines expressing the gag and / or pol and / or env proteins as described above, and a step of recovering the particles produced by the cells.
- the viral particles can be purified for example by centrifugation, gradients, chromatography. The supernatant of the cell can also be used directly without a purification step.
- the present invention also relates to a plasmid (s) capable (s) of producing in situ the pseudoviral particle as described above.
- the plasmid comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding the modified viral protein of the pseudoviral particle, for example a nucleic acid sequence encoding an envelope protein and / or a gag protein.
- the plasmid comprises a nucleic acid sequence coding for a viral structure protein fused with an antigen.
- the plasmid encodes a capsid fused to an antigen.
- the plasmid may also encode a viral structure protein fused to an immunoregulatory molecule.
- the plasmid encodes a transmembrane domain of the VSV-G envelope or for a CD59 anchor glycophosphatidylinositol domain fused to an immunoregulatory molecule such as IL-2, PD-L1 or to the extracellular domain of PD1 or CTLA. -4.
- the viral structure proteins composing the pseudo viral particle can be encoded by different plasmids.
- the immunoregulatory molecules may also be encoded by a plasmid different from that of the structural proteins. Plasmids may also include other elements such as gene markers and / or the origin of replication that allow in vitro manipulations. Treatment of dysfunctions of the immune system:
- the present invention also relates to the pseudoviral particle as described above or plasmid (s) capable of producing in situ said pseudoviral particle for its use in the treatment of immune dysfunction.
- Immune dysfunction refers to diseases caused by an inappropriate response of the immune system.
- Autoimmune disease is caused by an inappropriate response of the immune system to molecules or a combination of molecules that are normally present in the body. These molecules are then called autoantigens.
- autoimmune diseases include multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, autoimmune thyroid disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis or Biermer's disease. (Autoimmune atrophic gastritis) or autoimmune hepatitis (HAI).
- compositions and Modes of Administration advantageously utilizes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pseudoviral particle as previously described or one or more plasmid (s) capable of producing in situ said pseudoviral particle.
- the pharmaceutical composition may also comprise a pharmaceutical excipient such as saline solutions, buffers, isotonic solutes.
- the composition may also comprise adjuvants or immunogens.
- the composition comprises a sufficient amount of pseudoviral particles, between 10 3 and 10 12 particles, more particularly between 10 9 and 10 11 particles.
- composition may be administered to prevent immune dysfunction.
- composition of the present invention may also be administered after the onset of symptoms of immune dysfunction.
- the administration of the composition can be carried out according to the various routes known in the art which can be adjusted according to the antigens, the pathology, the biological effects, the plasmid or the particle.
- the composition can be administered by parenteral injection, for example by subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection.
- the composition may also be administered orally, sublingually, by inhalation, by infusion.
- the pharmaceutical composition or the drug is in a solid form.
- solid formulations suitable for oral administration include, but are not limited to, granules, powder, capsule, tablet, ointment, gel, dissolving powder, paste, chewing gum, a soft capsule or soft capsule.
- the present invention also relates to a method for preventing, treating or reducing immune dysfunction comprising administering to a subject a sufficient amount of a pseudoviral particle as previously described.
- the subject is preferably a mammal, preferably a human.
- this method comprises administering the composition comprising the pseudoviral particle to a subject.
- the pGag-pol plasmid encoding the MuLV capsid is obtained from plasmid pHIT60 (Soneoka Y et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 1995; 23 (4): 628-633).
- the CMV promoter is replaced by a minimal CMV promoter comprising a unique restriction site (SacII / XbaI) allowing cloning into the phCMV expression plasmid.
- pGagGFP encodes a Gag-GFP fusion protein under the control of a hCMV promoter. This plasmid is obtained from the plasmid EPX145-68 (Garrone, P.
- the lentiviral plasmid pcppT.CMV-Gag / OVA encodes a Gag-OVA fusion protein expressed under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter (hCMV) and an ampicillin resistance gene.
- the OVA sequence is inserted into the C-terminal Gag domain via the unique MluI restriction site (position 8689, made by Genscript®).
- pGag-OVA is obtained from vector pcDNA3.1 and encodes the same fusion protein as that expressed by pcppT. CMV-Gag / OVA under the control of the hCMV promoter.
- pGAG-MOG is obtained by insertion of the coding sequence for MOG (Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) in the phCMV vector.
- the coding sequence for MOG is obtained by PCR amplification using the primers 5 'TGACACGCGTGCCTGTTTGTGGAGCTTCTC 3' (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 5 'GCTAGCTCAAAGGGGGTTTCTTAGCT 3 (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the PCR product is then inserted into the vector by cloning at the MluI and Nhel enzyme restriction sites.
- Plasmid pCTLA-4WT comprises a coding sequence for the wild-type CTLA-4 protein (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM 009843.4) inserted into the pIRES plasmid (Clontech®) using the Eco RI restriction site (position 1102).
- the pCTLA-4TM plasmid encodes the extracellular domain of the murine protein CTLA-4 (SEQ ID NO: 3) (MACLGLRRYK AQLQLPSRTW PFVALLTLLF IPVFS EAIQV TQPSVVLASS HGVASFPCEY SPSHNTDEVR VTVLRQTNDQ MTEVCATTFT EKNTVGFLDY PFCSGTFNES RVNLTIQGLR AVDTGLYLCK VELMYPPPYF VGMGN GTQIY VIDPEPCPDS DF LLWILVAV SLGLFFYSFL VTAV) related to transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains of VSV-G (vesicular stomatitis virus-derived G) protein (SEQ ID NO: 4: SSIASFFFIIGLIIGLFLVLRVGIHLCIKLKHTKK QIYTDIEMNRLGK) and separated from the extracellular domain mCTLA-4 by a GGGGS flexible sequence (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- Plasmid pCTLA-4GPI encodes the extracellular domain of murine CTLA-4 protein comprising the transmembrane domain of CD59 (SEQ ID NO: 6: MRAQRGLILLLLLLAVFCSTAVSLTCYHCF)
- Plasmid PIL-2TM encodes the murine IL-2 protein (GenBank: AAI 16874) linked to the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domain of the VSV-G protein (SEQ ID NO: 3) by a GGGGS flexible sequence (SEQ ID NO: 5). .
- the plasmid pIL2opi encodes murine IL-2 protein linked to the transmembrane domain of CD59 (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- All the plasmids are prepared by bacterial culture in TB medium and purified with the kit "NucleoBond PC 2000 Endotoxin Free” (Macherey-Nagel).
- HEK 293T cells (CRL-1573, ATCC) are cultured at 37 ° C. at 5% CO 2 in DMEM medium supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine, 100U / ml penicillin and streptomycin and 10% inactivated fetal calf serum ( Thermo Fischer Scientific).
- 293T-GagOVA cells are obtained by infection of HEK 293T cells with recombinant lentiviral GagOVA particles.
- the lentiviral particles are produced by transfecting the HEK 293T cells with a recombinant lentiviral vector GagOVA ((psi) pcppT.CMV-Gag / OVA), an HIV GagPol plasmid (pCMV9) and a plasmid encoding the VSV-g protein (phCMV- VSVg).
- Clones expressing eGFP or GagOVA are sorted on GFP fluorescence or using anti-OVA (Agro-Bio®) and anti-MuLV Gag (clone R187, CRL-1912; ATCC) in flow cytometry after permeabilization of the cells.
- VLPs Non-recombinant VLPs (VLPs) or VLPs (VLPs) are produced in 293T or 293T-GagOVA cells, respectively.
- the cells are seeded in 175-cm 3 culture flasks at 15 ⁇ 10 6 cells per flask and co-transfected with calcium phosphate 24 h later with 50 ⁇ g of plasmids comprising pGag-pol.
- Tolerogenic non-recombinant OVA VLPs or VLPs (tVLP, tVLP OVA ) are produced in 293T or 293T-GagOVA cells, respectively.
- the cells are seeded in 175-cm 3 culture flasks at 15 ⁇ 10 6 cells per flask and co-transfected with calcium phosphate 24 h later with 50 ⁇ g of plasmids comprising pGag-pol with PCTLA-4TM OR pCTLA-4opi at a ratio of 3: 1 pGag-pol / pCTLA-4 for tolerogenic VLPs (tVLP) and a ratio of 1: 3 pGag-pol / pCTLA-4 for OVA tVLPs.
- VLPs and MOG MOG TVLPs are produced using the same protocol with 50 mcg pGAG-MOG plasmid or a ratio of 2: 1 pGAG-MOG / pCTLA-4 G pi respectively.
- the recombinant GFP VLPs are produced in DD7 cells constitutively expressing GagGFP according to the protocol described above.
- VLP1L2 are produced in 293T cells.
- the cells are seeded in 175-cm 3 culture flasks at 15 ⁇ 10 6 cells per flask and co-transfected with calcium phosphate 24 hours later with 50 ⁇ g of pGag-pol plasmids with or without PIL2TM OR pIL2opi at a ratio of 2 : 1 pGag-Pol / pIL2. After 16 or 18 hours, the medium is replaced with DMEM-medium without fetal calf serum.
- the supernatant of the cells is removed, filtered through pore membranes of 0.45 ⁇ m and concentrated in order to obtain a purified solution of pseudoretro viral particles (retro VLP).
- the filtered supernatant is purified by centrifugation on centricons (centricon Plus-70, Millipore) followed by ultracentrifugation at 107170 g for 2 hours at 4 ° C on a sucrose gradient (Beckman rotor SW41).
- the VLPs are taken up in PBS IX and their concentration is determined by the BCA method (Pierce BCA Protein, Assay Kit, Thermo Scientific).
- the samples (30 ⁇ g of the total proteins) are incubated with 1 ⁇ g of murine anti-CTLA-4 antibody (clone 14D3, eBiosciences) or 1 ⁇ g of anti-mIL2 antibody (ebiosciences) at 4 ° C for 30 minutes, then mixed with 10 of the prewashed Dynabeads® beads coupled to G (Thermo Fischer Scientific) proteins for one hour.
- the samples (10 ⁇ g of total proteins of VLP or less for the recombinant proteins) are mixed with LDS sample buffer and its reducing buffer and then analyzed by electrophoresis in 4-12% Bis Tris Gel according to supplier's instructions (Thermo Fischer Scientific). The proteins are then transferred to PDVF membranes. Immunoblotting is performed in 0.05% PBS Tween buffer with an anti-mouse rat antibody (clone R187, CRL-1912 cells, ATCC) recognizing the MuLV p30 Gag capsid, a polyclonal anti-OVA rabbit antibody (Agro -Bio), and a polyclonal anti-MOG rabbit antibody (Thermo Fischer Scientific).
- an anti-mouse rat antibody (clone R187, CRL-1912 cells, ATCC) recognizing the MuLV p30 Gag capsid, a polyclonal anti-OVA rabbit antibody (Agro -Bio), and a polyclonal anti-MOG rabbit antibody (Thermo Fischer Scientific
- Biotinylated secondary antibodies and streptavidin-Qdot are used for secondary labeling.
- the signal is detected using Quantum ST4-3026 (Vilber Lourmat).
- mice Female mice (AnNR / j) aged 7 weeks (Laboratoires Janvier) are kept in the animal house under specific conditions without pathogen in accordance with the European Union directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. All the protocols have been validated by the regional committee of ethics in the field of animal experimentation.
- the spleens of BALB / c mice are removed and digested for 30 minutes in RPMI 10% S VF medium (Life Technologies) with 0.1 mg / ml of DNAse and Collagenase IV (Sigma Aldrich).
- CD3 +, CD 19+ and Ter 119 + cells are eliminated by magnetic separation with specific biotinylated antibodies (eBiosciences) and anti-biotin beads (30 ⁇ 7 100.10 * 6 cells; Milteny ⁇ ).
- the remaining cells are labeled with anti-CD1 antibodies lc and IA / IE then CD1 cells lc + MHC-II high are sorted by flow cytometry (FACS-Aria, BD).
- the sorted cells are incubated for 24 hours with RPMI + 10% VF + GM-CSF medium (20 ng / mL; Milteny) +/- 10 ⁇ g / mL LPS (Sigma Aldrich) +/- VLPs at different concentrations.
- the expression of activation markers (CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II) is analyzed by flow cytometry and the level of cytokines secreted in the culture supernatant is tested by ELISA.
- Activation test of bone marrow dendritic cells is analyzed by flow cytometry and the level of cytokines secreted in the culture supernatant.
- the bone marrow cells taken from the tibia and femur of BALB / c mice are cultured for 8 days in RPMI medium supplemented with 2 mM L-Glutamine, 100 U / mL penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin, 10% serum inactivated fetal calf and 20 ng / mL GM-CSF. Every 3 days, the middle is replaced. On D8, dendritic differentiated bone marrow cells are cultured for 24 hours in the presence of VLP, LPS, or medium alone as a negative control.
- activation markers CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II
- flow cytometry the level of cytokines secreted in the culture supernatant is tested by ELISA.
- the spleen cells and the mesenteric lymph node cells are taken from OT-II FOXP3-GFP mice expressing GFP specifically in Foxp3 + Tregs and a TCR specific for an OVA-derived peptide presented by MHC-II or in TCR 2D2 mice expressing a TCR specific for a MOG-derived peptide presented by the MHC-II.
- Non-Treg cells (Tconv, TCR + GFP-) are enriched by negative selection using biotinylated anti-Terl 19, CD19 and CD8 antibodies (BD Biosciences) and anti-biotin microbeads (30 ⁇ l / 100 ⁇ 10 6 cells; sorted by flow cytometry (FACS ARIA, BD).
- the cells are then labeled with the CellTrace Violet marker (OT-II CTV + cells) (CTV, Thermo Fischer Scientific).
- OVA-II CTV + cells CTV, Thermo Fischer Scientific.
- the spleen cells containing the dendritic cells are irradiated (25 Gy) and then incubated with the OVA-II323-329 peptide (5 ⁇ g / ml, Genscript) or an OVA protein (200 ⁇ g / ml, Sigma Aldrich) for 1 or 4 hours respectively.
- the spleen cells are incubated with a MOG33-55 peptide (90 ⁇ g / ml Biotechne) for 1 hour.
- 10 5 OT-II CTV + cells or 2D2 CTV + cells are cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 2 mM L-Glutamine, 100 U / ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin, 20 ng / ml GM -CSF (Miltenyi) and 10% inactivated fetal calf serum with 5 ⁇ 10 5 splenocytes pre-incubated with the antigen in the presence of 1, 5 or 10 ⁇ g / ml of VLP or tVLP. After two and three days, proliferation and activation of CTV + Tconv cells are analyzed by flow cytometry.
- mice Six week old C57BL / 6 mice (Laboratoires Janvier) were immunized subcutaneously on day 0 on both sides of the flank with a 1: 1 solution of 200 ⁇ g of MOG 35-55 (Tocris) emulsified in CFA. (Sigma Aldrich) supplemented with mycobacteria (HKMT BD Difco) at a final concentration of 5 mg / mL.
- MOG 35-55 Tocris
- HKMT BD Difco mycobacteria
- 200 ng of Pertusis toxin Enzo Life Sciences
- the development of ⁇ was monitored for 30 days and symptoms were noted every two or three days.
- mice received intraperitoneal injections of 30 ⁇ g tVLP once a day for 10 days between the fifteenth and the twenty-fifth day.
- the mice were also injected with PBS (placebo) or Abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) with the same amount of CTLA-4 included in the tVLP vaccines.
- Functional test of VLPIL-2
- VLPi L2 was tested in the CTLL-2 cells (ATCC TIB-214 TM ®).
- the cells are cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine, 100U / ml penicillin and streptomycin, 10% thermally inactivated fetal calf serum, 1% HEPES buffer and 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol (all from Thermo Fischer Scientific).
- VLPIL- 2 50 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇
- human IL-2 Proleukin®, Novartis
- Table 1 list of antibodies used in flow cytometry.
- VLPs For the flow cytometric analysis of the VLPs, 20 ⁇ g of VLPs are incubated with 5 ⁇ l of aldehyde / sulfate latex beads of diameter 4 ⁇ (Thermo Fischer Scientific) for 15 min at room temperature. PBS is added to a final volume of 1mL and then incubated for one hour. The beads are blocked in fetal calf serum for 30 minutes and washed three times, then incubated with anti-CD152 or anti-mIL-2 surface antibody (eBiosciences) in PBS, 2% BSA for one hour. For intra-VLP markings, the beads are treated with 1% Triton PBS for one hour.
- MCTLA-4 is detected on the surface of VLPs using the ELISA method.
- the flat-bottom 96-well plates (Medisorp, Nunc) are coated with anti-CD152 murine antibodies (0.2 ⁇ g / mL, clone 14D3, eBioscience) at 4 ° C overnight. After washing the wells, non-specific binding sites are blocked with 1% BSA PBS for one hour at room temperature. 90 ⁇ sample are added in each well with 10 ⁇ ⁇ of lysis buffer and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
- Anti-CD152 mAb antibodies (UC10-4B9, eBioscience), peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (Sigma-Aldrich) and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, eBioscience) are added at room temperature for 10 min to detect mCTLA-4.
- the reaction is stopped by adding ⁇ of HC1 (1M) and the optical density is measured at 450 nm with an automatic ELISA reading plate (DTX 880 Multimode Detector, Beckman Coulter).
- the tag mCTLA-4-His (Thermo Fisher Scientific) is used as a standard.
- MIL-2 is detected on the surface of VLPs using Ready-Set-Go mIL-2 kits (eBiosciences) according to the manufacturer's instructions. VLPs " are used as a negative control.
- OVA VLPs OVA expression by recombinant VLPs
- OVA VLPs OVA expression by recombinant VLPs
- VLPs "obtained from WT Gag are used as control.
- the Western blot analysis of transfected cell supernatants demonstrate the formation of rodiaVLP vectorizing the antigen of interest, here ovalbumin (OVA) ( Figure 3A).
- OVA ovalbumin
- Immunoprecipitation by an anti-CTLA-4 antibody demonstrates the assembly of immunoregulatory molecules (CTLA-4) on OVA tVLPs (revealed with anti-Gag, Figure 3B).
- CTLA-4 immunoregulatory molecules
- WT TM-VSVG
- GPI anchor domain The expression of the different CTLA-4 chimeric forms (WT, TM-VSVG or with the GPI anchor domain) was compared in the transfected cells or on the VLPs by flow cytometry. Untransfected cells or VLPs "have been used as negative control.
- DC dendritic cells
- FIG. 7A The expression of chimeric CTLA4 (including the GPI domain of CD59b) on the surface of the particles and MOG antigen within the particles could be observed by flow cytometry ( Figure 7B).
- the regulatory effect of recombinant tVLPs could be tested by an in vitro proliferation assay with CD4 + 2D2 T cells that express a MOG peptide-specific TCR receptor.
- MOG tVLPs significantly block the division of MOG antigen-specific T cells (Figure 7C), including after a prolonged culture time (Day 7, Figure 7D). This suppression is strong, with an index of more than 60 (FIG.
- VLPIL 2 recombinant VLPs
- CTLL-2 cells were measured by Trypan blue in Malassez cells in the presence of IL-2 at 25 IU / mL, 50 IU / mL, VLPi L2 or in the absence of IL2 (SS). IL-2).
- the cell proliferation and the percentage mortality of CTLL-2 cells in the presence of VLP1L2 are similar to the results obtained in the presence of cytokine IL-2 indicating that VLP1L2 allow the proliferation of CTLL-2 cells and are therefore functional (FIG. 9).
- Figure 10 illustrates the therapeutic effect of MOG tVLPs in an EAE model.
- the mice were treated from day 15, when the mice immunized with the MOG antigen develop the symptoms and exhibit onset of limb paralysis.
- the mice received intraperitoneal injections of 30 ⁇ g tVLP once a day for 10 days between the fifteenth and the twenty-fifth day.
- mice were injected with PBS (Placebo) or Abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) with an identical dose of CTLA-4.
- Mice treated with MOG tVLP particles have an evolution of the blocked disease unlike the control groups.
- the therapeutic effect is sustained and maintained beyond the vaccination period, demonstrating an induction of tolerance.
- FIG. 11A and 11B show that induction of tolerance by tVLPs reduces immune infiltration of the central nervous system and increases splenic Tregs.
- C57B1 / 6 mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of tVLPs or PBS (placebo) between days 15-25 (in bold) after induction induction.
- PBS placebo
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| PCT/FR2018/052676 WO2019081873A1 (fr) | 2017-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Particules pseudo-virales utiles pour traiter des maladies auto-immunes |
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| CA3189601A1 (fr) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-27 | The General Hospital Corporation | Pseudo-particules virales ameliorees et leurs methodes d'utilisation pour l'administration a des cellules |
| JP2024519945A (ja) * | 2021-05-20 | 2024-05-21 | アチェロイス バイオファーマ,インク. | 免疫チェックポイント多価粒子の組成物、および使用方法 |
| US20240360181A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2024-10-31 | Achelois Biopharma, Inc. | Compositions and methods for multivalent surface display on enveloped particles |
| WO2023039242A2 (fr) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-03-16 | Achelois Biopharma, Inc. | Compositions de particules d'interféron multivalentes et procédés d'utilisation |
| WO2023111224A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | Diamante Srl | Appareil pour déterminer la forme d'administration d'une composition d'une nanoparticule à base de virus modifié pour un traitement d'une affection auto-immune |
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| EP2091568A2 (fr) | 2006-10-31 | 2009-08-26 | East Carolina University | Protéines de fusion à base de cytokine pour le traitement de troubles immunitaires |
| CN101486997A (zh) * | 2009-02-11 | 2009-07-22 | 扬州大学 | 鸡痘病毒rFPV-AIH5/IL2及其构建方法和应用 |
| CN102483405B (zh) * | 2009-07-10 | 2015-12-02 | 特朗斯吉有限公司 | 用于选择患者的生物标志物及相关方法 |
| EP4523756A3 (fr) * | 2015-02-13 | 2025-05-28 | Transgene | Vaccin et polythérapie à base d'anticorps immunothérapeutiques |
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- 2018-10-26 CA CA3078717A patent/CA3078717A1/fr active Pending
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- 2018-10-26 WO PCT/FR2018/052674 patent/WO2019081872A1/fr not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210299195A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
| EP3700554A1 (fr) | 2020-09-02 |
| US20200347363A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
| WO2019081873A1 (fr) | 2019-05-02 |
| US11306294B2 (en) | 2022-04-19 |
| CA3078717A1 (fr) | 2019-05-02 |
| FR3072973B1 (fr) | 2022-02-11 |
| US12428625B2 (en) | 2025-09-30 |
| WO2019081872A1 (fr) | 2019-05-02 |
| FR3072973A1 (fr) | 2019-05-03 |
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