EP3699397B1 - Wasserdichtes abdecksystem zum abdecken einer oberfläche, einer zivilen struktur und entsprechendes verfahren zum herstellen eines wasserdichten abdecksystems - Google Patents

Wasserdichtes abdecksystem zum abdecken einer oberfläche, einer zivilen struktur und entsprechendes verfahren zum herstellen eines wasserdichten abdecksystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3699397B1
EP3699397B1 EP19382130.3A EP19382130A EP3699397B1 EP 3699397 B1 EP3699397 B1 EP 3699397B1 EP 19382130 A EP19382130 A EP 19382130A EP 3699397 B1 EP3699397 B1 EP 3699397B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coating layer
phosphate
anchoring means
retaining plate
geotextile
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EP19382130.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3699397A1 (de
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Hugo Herault Vila
Paul Terente Herrero
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Aplinor Xpraytech Systems SL
Krypton Chemical SL
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Aplinor Xpraytech Systems SL
Krypton Chemical SL
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Priority to ES19382130T priority Critical patent/ES2901408T3/es
Priority to EP19382130.3A priority patent/EP3699397B1/de
Publication of EP3699397A1 publication Critical patent/EP3699397A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the area of the waterproof covering of structures in civil works.
  • the invention relates to a waterproof covering system for covering a surface according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a civil structure covered with the waterproof covering system of the invention.
  • the invention further relates to a method for forming a waterproof covering system for covering a surface according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • conventional tunnels are waterproofed by way of projecting a first coating layer of shotcrete, i. e. a layer of concrete projected at a high velocity against the surface to be covered.
  • This layer already provides a good waterproof covering due to the low porosity reached on the material once it has cured.
  • a covering layer is made from a plurality of crosslinked polyethylene panels attached to the shotcrete layer. This kind of panels is easy to adapt to the irregularities of the tunnel wall.
  • Document WO 01/07756 A1 discloses a method of coating a surface of a structure with a lining which includes the steps of: application of an internal layer of rigid or flexible material to the surface which is preferably formed by a plurality of adjacent or overlapping panels; and applying elastomer to the internal layer to provide a durable and protective coating.
  • a method of installation of a lining system to a substrate which includes the steps of: application of an inner layer of pervious material to the substrate which has one or more hollow passages for directing flow of water away from the substrate; and applying an outer coat of elastomer to the inner layer of pervious material.
  • Document WO 2013/192257 A1 discloses a multi-layer liner system, which may be applied using a spray process, where the initial layer facilitates adhesion to the earthen surface (e.g., rock wall surface) and a subsequent layer provides strength and elongation needed to maintain support system integrity even in the case of some rock movement at the wall surface.
  • the initial layer is a structural foam primer layer and the subsequent layer is a fire-resistant top coat layer.
  • Document ES 2 393 876 A1 discloses an isolation geomembrane arrangement of a surface comprising a geotextile.
  • the geotextile is made of a nonwoven fabric, punched with a first face smoothed by thermofusion and a second face not smoothed.
  • the geomembrane arrangement comprises a coating of synthetic polymer of liquid consistency, apt to solidify at room temperature and applicable in situ on the first face of the geotextile.
  • the invention also relates to a method of isolating a surface in situ with a geomembrane according to the invention.
  • Document US 6 761 504 B1 discloses a cladding for a partially-overhanging substrate, such as a tunnel wall which comprises in sequence, from the tunnel wall, a drainage means, a sprayed polymeric membrane and a final layer of concrete.
  • the cladding gives an effective cladding in conditions where the tunnel walls suffer from running water at the time of cladding, is easier to apply and requires less material.
  • a waterproof covering system for covering a surface which has an improved waterproofing performance but that is easier to install and that is thus less expensive.
  • a waterproof covering system for covering a surface of the type indicated at the beginning characterized in that said retaining plate further comprises a plurality of through holes and said retaining plate being arranged such that in the operation position of said anchoring means, when said anchoring means are nailed on said surface, said retaining plate overlaps said geogrid , and said waterproof covering system further comprising a first coating layer of synthetic polymer continuous coating that from a liquid state in which said synthetic polymer is applied by in situ projection to cover said second face of said geotextile, said geogrid and said anchoring means, said first coating layer is cured to a solid state to provide a positive fit connection between said first coating layer and said retaining plate of each of said anchoring means.
  • said layer when the system comprises only the first coating layer, said layer has a mean thickness comprised between 0.7 and 3.2 mm and especially preferably between 0.8 and 2.5 mm.
  • the waterproof covering system of the invention Several advantages are achieved by the waterproof covering system of the invention.
  • the first coating layer of synthetic polymer can penetrate in the holes and provide retention for the first coating layer of polymer. Once the first coating layer is cured, a positive fit connection between the first coating layer and the anchoring means is achieved. Therefore, even if this first coating layer of coating is applied by projection, the layer holds its position forming a solid unit with the geogrid and the geotextile.
  • the waterproof covering system is continuous, i.e. it has no joints.
  • the coating is continuous. This prevents water from dripping down the outer face of the system, i.e. the face opposite to the covered surface. The water can then be prevented from dripping out the coating and therefore it can be drained towards the most convenient place of the surface that has been covered.
  • a drainage pipe or canal system can be installed in functional cooperation with the coating. The water is collected at the lowest point of the system and thus evacuated through the drainage system.
  • the covering layer is much easier to apply than the panels. This layer is simply projected over the geotextile and the geogrid in a very fast manner.
  • said plurality of fibres of said geogrid are connected at their intersection zones in order to achieve a higher stiffness of the geogrid.
  • the invention further includes a number of preferred features that are object of the dependent claims and the utility of which will be highlighted hereinafter in the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention.
  • said geotextile is a nonwoven fabric, punched having a first face which is raw and a second face smoothed by hot melt, and the geotextile has a grammage greater than 150 g/m 2 and preferably greater than 200 g/m 2 .
  • the smoothed surface in combination with the indicated grammages provides for a better adhesion of the first coating layer on to the geotextile.
  • the geogrid 8 and the geotextile 2 are bonded together building a single unit for better mechanical resistance.
  • said plurality of fibres has a tensile strength greater than 30 kN.
  • said plurality of fibres comprises a plurality of polymer bars interlaced by extrusion. This allows the geogrid to work as a unit or block.
  • the fibres of the geogrid are oriented in a first and a second directions, said first and second directions being perpendicular to one another.
  • said first covering synthetic polymer is a polyurea or polyurethane applicable by projection.
  • said retaining plate is a circular disc, and said plurality of holes are evenly distributed on the surface of said disc and with their axes of symmetry perpendicular to the surface of the disc.
  • the retaining plate can have other shapes such as a cross, a square a triangle or the like.
  • the retaining plate comprises a peripheral rim that in the operation position of said anchoring means, said rim creates a hollow space between said retaining plate and said geotextile. This improves the entrance of liquid polymer under the retaining plate and creates a better positive fit connection, i.e. the coating adopts the shape of the plate thus avoiding the first coating layer to be easily separated from the system.
  • said first coating layer of synthetic polymer is a mixture of a first and a second components, said first component being one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine and said second component being an isocyanate, and said first and second components have a ratio of 1:1 v/v.
  • This combination of materials and mixing ratio has shown to provide a good continuity and resistance of this layer. In some applications, for example when the system must be hold against its own weight or when it is subject to tensile loads, a bad connection between this first layer, and the geotextile and the anchoring means could cause a notably shortening of the service life of the coating system.
  • the mixture of first coating layer further comprises a flame retardant filler.
  • said flame retardant filler is one or more of the group formed by expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, trialkyl-phosphate, triaryl-phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, melamine cyanurate (MC), tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tetrabromobisphenol .
  • the system further comprises a second coating layer of synthetic polymer forming a continuous coating that from a liquid state in which said synthetic polymer is applied by in situ projection to cover said first coating layer, said second coating layer is cured to a solid state, said second coating layer of synthetic polymer coating is a mixture of a third and a fourth components, said third component being one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine and said fourth component being an isocyanate, said third and fourth components of said second coating layer are mixed in a ratio of 2.5 to 4 : 1 v/v and said second coating layer further comprising a flame retardant filler, said flame retardant filler being one or more of the group formed by expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, trialkyl-phosphate, triaryl-phosphate, chlor
  • the third and fourth components of said second coating layer are mixed in a ratio of 2.9 to 3.1 : 1 v/v.
  • the mean thickness of the first and the second coating layers together is comprised between 0.7 and 3.2 mm and especially preferably between 0.8 and 2.5 mm.
  • the first coating layer is between 40% and 60% of the thickness of the ranges given above.
  • the invention also relates to method for forming a waterproof covering system for covering a surface as described above.
  • the method of the invention solves the problem of providing a continuous covering of the surface leading to improved waterproof properties to the surface which is to be covered. Furthermore, the covering is easy to install and is reliable. To this end, the method further comprises the steps of the characterizing portion of claim 12.
  • said first coating layer of synthetic polymer is a mixture of a first and a second components, said first component being one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine and said second component being an isocyanate, and said first and second components are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 v/v.
  • said mixture of first coating layer further comprises a flame retardant filler
  • said flame retardant filler is one or more of the group formed by expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, trialkyl-phosphate, triaryl-phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, melamine cyanurate (MC), tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tetrabromobisphenol.
  • the method further comprises the steps of mixing a second coating layer of synthetic polymer from of a third and a fourth components, said third component being one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine and said fourth component being an isocyanate, said third and fourth components of said second coating layer are mixed in a ratio of 2.5 to 4 : 1 v/v, adding a flame retardant filler to said second coating layer, said flame retardant filler being one or more of the group formed by expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, trialkyl-phosphate, triaryl-phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, melamine cyanurate (MC), tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBPP-A), resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) or bis
  • FIGS 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the waterproof covering system 1 according to the invention.
  • This kind of covering system can be used in on several types of surfaces. However, it is especially interesting for applications in which water must be drained in a controlled manner, such as for example tunnels, road slopes or the like.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show the most relevant elements of the covering system in its most general form. These are a geotextile 2, a geogrid 8, anchoring means 10 and a first coating layer 18 covering all the previous elements and the covered surface.
  • the geotextile 2 has a first face 4 which is intended to be applied on the surface which must be covered and a second face 6 opposite to the first face 4.
  • the geotextile 2 is a nonwoven fabric which is punched.
  • the first face 4 is raw, in other words it is not smoothed, while de second face 6 is smoothed by hot melt.
  • the geotextile 2 has a grammage greater than 150 g/m 2 . In this case, the geotextile shown has a grammage greater than 200 g/m 2 .
  • the next layer of the system is a geogrid 8.
  • the geogrid 8 has a plurality of fibres intertwined with each other.
  • the geogrid 8 is arranged on the second face 6 of the geotextile 2.
  • the geogrid 8 and the geotextile 2 are bonded together building a single unit.
  • the distance between fibres of the geogrid shown is of 32x32 mm, that is the separation between longitudinal and crosswise fibers.
  • the plurality of fibres comprises a plurality of polymer bars interlaced by extrusion.
  • the fibres have a preferred tensile strength greater than 30 kN in any of the linear direction of the fibres.
  • the geogrid 8 is made of polypropilene. However other embodiments and materials are also possible.
  • the fibres of the geogrid 8 are oriented in first and second directions L, P.
  • Figure 1 shows that the fibres are arranged in a first direction L which is longitudinal, and a second direction P which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the fibres of the first and second directions can be arranged crosswise forming angles different to 90° relative to each other.
  • the geogrid 8 can be formed from a plurality of plastic fibres in the shape of first and second bands or strips. These strips are thus arranged in at least two different non parallel directions.
  • This plurality of first and second bands can be connected to each other, e.g. by hot melt, in their intersection zones.
  • An example of this embodiment can be seen in Figure 12 or else in Figure 13 .
  • the system further has a plurality of anchoring means 10.
  • Each of the anchoring means 10 comprises a nailing member 12 and a retaining plate 14.
  • the nailing member 12 is an elongated metal spike, preferably made of steel or stainless steel.
  • the nailing member 12 can also have a screw section in order for the nailing member 12 to be screwed into the surface.
  • the nailing member 12 is nailed or screwed through the geotextile 2 in order to provide a better holding of the system to the surface to cover.
  • the retaining plate 14 is also a steel or stainless steel plate.
  • the retaining plate 14 is a disc shaped cylindrical plate with a central protrusion 32.
  • the retaining plate 14 has eight circular through holes 16. These holes 16 are evenly distributed on the surface 30 of the disc. However, if desired they must not be at the same angle or radial distance. Further, as it is apparent from Figure 10 , the axes of symmetry of the holes 16 are perpendicular to the surface 30.
  • the retaining plate 14 is preferably produced by stamping. Alternatively, it could also be produced by moulding or eventually machining.
  • the retaining plate 14 has a central hole 22 provided in the centre of the protrusion 32. This central hole 22 allows to operatively associate the retaining plate 14 with the nailing member 12.
  • the retaining plate 14 has also a peripheral rim 24.
  • the rim 24 together with the protrusion 32, create a hollow space 28 between the retaining plate 14 and the geotextile 2.
  • this hollow space 28 below the retaining plate 24 allows the first covering layer to penetrate the retaining plate 14 for improving the holding of the surface layers of the system.
  • the retaining plate 24 of this embodiment has 52 mm of diameter with 8 through holes of 8 mm of diameter each. On the other hand, it has 2 mm thickness and a rim of 4 mm thickness. In a preferred embodiment, the rim can also have several recesses for better penetration of the first covering layer 18.
  • Figure 1 shows how, when the nailing member 12 is inserted in the central hole 22 of the retaining plate 14, the anchoring means 10 can be arranged such that in its operation position, the retaining plate 14 overlaps the fibres of the geogrid 8, thus providing much better hold for the geotextile 2 and the geogrid 8 to the covered surface.
  • the covering system 1 has the first coating layer 18 of synthetic polymer forming a continuous coating.
  • this first coating layer 18 is projected in situ in a liquid state in which the synthetic polymer covers the second face 6 of the geotextile 2, the geogrid 8 and the anchoring means 10.
  • the first coating layer 18 is made of synthetic polymer such as a polyurea or polyurethane.
  • the first covering layer 18 is thus continuous and without joints or noticeable irregularities.
  • the first coating layer is 2 mm thick. From this liquid state, the first coating layer 18 is cured to a solid state. This to provide a positive fit connection between the first coating layer 18 and the retaining plate 14 of each of the anchoring means 10. This provides an especially reliable waterproof barrier with an excellent mechanical resistance.
  • the first covering layer 18 is made of a mixture of a first and a second components.
  • the first component is one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine.
  • the second component is an isocyanate.
  • the first and second components are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 v/v.
  • the covering systems of tunnels need to fulfil several functions in relation to fire.
  • the covering of tunnels fulfils the so called UNE norm no. UNE-EN 13501-2:2009+A1:2010.
  • Tunnels have to fulfil level B s2 - d0 of this norm.
  • the coating layer must be self-extinguishing (B), producing a certain maximum amount of smoke (s2) and not causing drops of burning coating to drip down the tunnel walls.
  • the mixture of first coating layer 18 further comprises a flame retardant filler.
  • This flame retardant filler is one or more of the group formed by expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, trialkyl-phosphate, triaryl-phosphate, chlorinated paraffin, melamine cyanurate (MC), tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tetrabromobisphenol .
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, also having fireproof properties. This solution maintains the advantages of the invention regarding the load capacity of the first coating layer 18. However, in this case, the first coating layer 18 is free of frame retardant filler. This first coating layer 18 in now only 1 mm thick.
  • the waterproof covering system 1 further comprises a second coating layer 20 of synthetic polymer forming a continuous coating of 1 mm of thickness.
  • the second coating layer 20 is applied on the surface in a liquid state by in situ projection to cover the first coating layer 18.
  • the first coating layer 18 is already cured, before the second coating layer 20 is applied. After the projection the said second coating layer 20 is cured to a solid state.
  • the second coating layer 20 of synthetic polymer coating is a mixture of a third and a fourth components.
  • the third component is one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine.
  • the fourth component is an isocyanate.
  • the second coating layer 20 further comprises a flame retardant filler.
  • this flame retardant filler is, e.g. expandable graphite, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or other components already cited above.
  • the third and fourth components of said second coating layer 20 are mixed in a ratio of 3:1 v/v. These exemplary proportions have shown to provide a good balance between projectability, adhesion and mechanical performance when the environmental conditions make the application of a single first coating layer with fireproof properties.
  • This second coating layer 20 even if having the flame retardant filler has a viscosity of 6500 ⁇ 500 Mpas and a density of about 1.44 kg/litre.
  • Figures 6 to 7 show an first example of civil structure 100 according to the invention.
  • the civil structure 100 is a tunnel with a tunnel wall 102.
  • the tunnel wall 102 shown in the Figures is pure rock. Therefore, the covering system 1 can be applied directly. However, in some applications, a prior shotcrete layer can be applied in order to stabilize the wall of the civil structure.
  • the geotextile 2 with a first face 4 and a second face 6 opposite to the first face 4 is applied on the tunnel wall 102.
  • the geogrid 8 having a plurality of fibres intertwined with each other, said plurality of fibres being connected at their intersection zones, is arranged on the second face 6 of said geotextile 2. It is important to say that it is preferable that the geotextile 2 and the geogrid 8 form a single unit. This simplifies dramatically the application of these two layers. However, this is not compulsory and could also be separate parts being applied the one after the other.
  • anchoring means 10 comprising: a nailing member 12 for nailing the anchoring means 10 on the tunnel wall by perforating the geotextile 2 and the retaining plate 14 operatively associated with the nailing member 12.
  • the retaining plates 14 comprise a plurality of through holes 16.
  • each nailing member 12 with its corresponding retaining plate 14 is nailed to the tunnel wall 102 such that in the operation position of the anchoring means 10 the retaining plate 14 overlaps at least one of the plurality of fibres of the geogrid.
  • the synthetic polymer is applied by in situ projection to cover the second face 6 of the geotextile 2, said geogrid 8 and the anchoring means 10.
  • Figure 3 showing the relevance that the first coating layer penetrates each of the retaining plates 14 of each anchoring means 10. Thanks to the through holes 16 and the peripheral rim 24, the first coating layer 18 in liquid state flows below each retaining plate such that the anchoring means 10 are embedded within this first coating layer 18.
  • the first coating layer 18 is cured to a solid state to provide a positive fit connection between said first coating layer 18 and the retaining plate 14 of each of the anchoring means 10. This notably impacts on the right holding of the system 1 to the wall 102. This step is shown in Figure 7 .
  • the d first coating layer 18 of synthetic polymer is a mixture of a first and a second components, the first component being one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine and the second component being an isocyanate.
  • the first and second components are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 v/v.
  • the mixture of first coating layer 18 further comprises a flame retardant filler of the type described before.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show an alternative embodiment to the tunnel of Figures 6 and 7 .
  • the first coating layer 18 is free of flame retardant fillers.
  • the method has the step of mixing a second coating layer 20 of synthetic polymer from of a third and a fourth components.
  • the third component is one or more of the group formed by a polyol and a polyamine.
  • the fourth component is an isocyanate.
  • the third and fourth components of said second coating layer 20 are mixed in a ratio of 3:1 v/v.
  • a flame retardant filler is added to the second coating layer 20.
  • the second coating layer 20 of synthetic polymer is formed as a continuous coating from a liquid state.
  • the synthetic polymer is applied by in situ projection to cover said first coating layer 18. Finally, this second layer 20 is cured to a solid state. This is shown in Figure 8 .
  • This embodiment is especially adapted to the environments in which the polymer has more difficulties to flow due to the addition of the flame retardant filler.
  • Figure 9 shows the effect of the suction when a vehicle such as a train drives through the tunnel 100.
  • the covering system 1 can deform.
  • the covering system 1 remains in the position.
  • the covering system moves by the action of the external loads, such as suction forces of the vehicle passing through the tunnel, the system moves as a unit.
  • Figures 11 and 12 show another alternative embodiment of the retaining plate 14 of the anchoring means 10.
  • the retaining plate 24 is cross shaped.
  • the retaining plate 24 is made of steel sheet of 2 mm thickness, for example by mould pressing.
  • the width of the cross is 102 mm and comprises 24 through holes of 8 mm of diameter.
  • the ends of the cross arms are provided with a peripheral rim 24 to allow the first coating layer to easily embed the anchoring systems within itself.
  • Figure 12 shows how the arms of the cross shaped retaining plate 14 overlap the fibres of the geogrid 8.
  • Figure 13 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the invention based on the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 .
  • the geogrid 8 is be formed from a plurality of plastic fibres in the shape of first and second bands or strips.
  • the first coating layer 18 is free of flame retardant.
  • This second coating layer 20 does not solve the main problem of the invention, which is to provide a waterproof covering system for a surface with an improved waterproofing performance but that is easier to install and that is thus less expensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) zum Abdecken einer Oberfläche, umfassend:
    (a) ein Geotextil (2) mit einer ersten Fläche (4), die dazu bestimmt ist, auf der Oberfläche angebracht zu werden, und einer zweiten Fläche (6), die der ersten Fläche (4) gegenüberliegt,
    [b] ein Geogitter (8), umfassend eine Vielzahl von miteinander verflochtenen Fasern, wobei das Geogitter (8) auf der zweiten Fläche (6) des Geotextils (2) angeordnet ist, und
    (c) eine Vielzahl von Verankerungsmitteln (10), wobei jedes Verankerungsmittel (10) der Vielzahl von 10 Verankerungsmitteln (10) umfasst:
    [i] ein Nagelelement (12) zum Nageln des Verankerungsmittels (10) auf der Oberfläche durch das Geotextil (2) und
    [ii] eine Halteplatte (14), die mit dem Nagelelement (12) funktionell verbunden ist,
    wobei die Halteplatte (14) eine Vielzahl von Durchgangslöchern umfasst und die Halteplatte (14) so angeordnet ist, dass in der Betriebsposition der Verankerungsmittel (10), wenn die Verankerungsmittel (10) auf der Oberfläche vernagelt sind, die Halteplatte (14) das Geogitter (8) überlappt, und
    wobei das wasserdichte Abdecksystem (1) weiterhin umfasst
    [d] eine erste Überzugsschicht (18) aus synthetischem Polymer, die eine kontinuierliche Beschichtung bildet, die
    [i] aus einem flüssigen Zustand, in dem das synthetische Polymer durch in-situ-Projektion aufgebracht wird, um die zweite Fläche (6) des Geotextils (2), das Geogitter (8) und die Verankerungsmittel (10) zu bedecken,
    [ii] die erste Überzugsschicht (18) in einen festen Zustand gehärtet wird, um eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der ersten Überzugsschicht (18) und der Halteplatte (14) eines jeden der Verankerungsmittel (10) zu bilden.
  2. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Geotextil (2) ein gestanzter Vliesstoff ist mit einer ersten Fläche (4), die rau ist, und einer zweiten Fläche (6), die durch Heißschmelzen geglättet ist, und dass es ein Flächengewicht von mehr als 150 g/m2 und vorzugsweise mehr als 200 g/m2 aufweist.
  3. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl von Fasern eine Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 30 kN aufweist.
  4. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vielzahl von Fasern eine Vielzahl von durch Extrusion vernetzten Polymerstäben umfasst.
  5. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Überzugsschicht (18) aus synthetischem Polymer ein durch Projektion auftragbares Polyurea oder Polyurethan ist.
  6. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halteplatte (14) eine kreisförmige Scheibe ist und die Vielzahl von Löchern gleichmäßig auf der Oberfläche der Scheibe verteilt sind und mit ihren Symmetrieachsen senkrecht zur Oberfläche der Scheibe stehen.
  7. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen umlaufenden Rand (24) aufweist, der in der Betriebsposition der Verankerungsmittel (10) einen Hohlraum (28) zwischen der Halteplatte (14) und dem Geotextil (2) bildet.
  8. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Überzugsschicht (18) aus synthetischem Polymer eine Mischung aus einer ersten und einer zweiten Komponente ist,
    [a] wobei die erste Komponente eine oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch ein Polyol und ein Polyamin gebildet wird, und
    [b] wobei die zweite Komponente ein Isocyanat ist, und
    [c] wobei die erste und die zweite Komponente in einem Verhältnis von 1:1 v/v gemischt sind.
  9. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung der ersten Überzugsschicht (18) weiterhin einen flammhemmenden Füllstoff enthält, wobei der flammhemmende Füllstoff einer oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch expandierbaren Graphit, Aluminiumhydroxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Trialkylphosphat, Triarylphosphat, chloriertes Paraffin, Melamincyanurat (MC), Tris(chlorpropyl)phosphat (TCPP), Triethylphosphat (TEP), Tetrabrombisphenol gebildet wird.
  10. Wasserdichtes Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es weiterhin eine zweite Überzugsschicht (20) aus synthetischem Polymer umfasst, die eine durchgehende Beschichtung bildet, die
    [i] aus einem flüssigen Zustand, in dem das synthetische Polymer durch in-situ-Projektion aufgebracht wird, um die erste Überzugsschicht (18) zu bedecken,
    [ii] die zweite Überzugsschicht (20) in einen festen Zustand gehärtet wird,
    [a] wobei die zweite Überzugsschicht (20) aus synthetischem Polymerüberzug eine Mischung aus einer dritten und einer vierten Komponente ist,
    [b] wobei die dritte Komponente eine oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch ein Polyol und ein Polyamin gebildet wird, und
    [c] wobei die vierte Komponente ein Isocyanat ist,
    [d] wobei die dritte und vierte Komponente der zweiten Überzugsschicht (20) in einem Verhältnis von 2,5 bis 4:1 v/v gemischt werden und wobei
    [e] wobei die Mischung der zweiten Überzugsschicht (20) weiterhin einen flammhemmenden Füllstoff enthält, wobei der flammhemmende Füllstoff einer oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch expandierbaren Graphit, Aluminiumhydroxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Trialkylphosphat, Triarylphosphat, chloriertes Paraffin, Melamincyanurat (MC), Tris(chlorpropyl)phosphat (TCPP), Triethylphosphat (TEP), Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBPP-A), Resorcin-bis(diphenylphosphat) (RDP) oder Bisphenol A-bis(diphenylphosphat) gebildet wird.
  11. Baustruktur (100) mit einer Wand (102), wobei die Wand (102) mit einem wasserdichten Abdecksystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 bedeckt ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wasserdichten Abdecksystems zum Abdecken einer Oberfläche, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    [a] Bereitstellen eines Geotextils (2) mit einer ersten Fläche (4) und einer zweiten Fläche (6), die der ersten Fläche (4) gegenüberliegt, und Aufbringen des Geotextils auf die Oberfläche,
    [b] Bereitstellen eines Geogitters (8), umfassend eine Vielzahl von miteinander verflochtenen Fasern, wobei die Vielzahl von Fasern an ihren Kreuzungszonen verbunden sind, und Anordnen des Geogitters (8) auf der zweiten Fläche (6) des Geotextils (2), und
    [c] Bereitstellen einer Vielzahl von Verankerungsmitteln (10), wobei jedes Verankerungsmittel (10) der Vielzahl von Verankerungsmitteln (10) umfasst:
    [i] ein Nagelelement (12) zum Nageln des Verankerungsmittels (10) auf der Oberfläche durch das Geotextil (2) und
    [ii] eine Halteplatte (14), die mit dem Nagelelement (12) funktionell verbunden ist, wobei die Halteplatte (14) eine Vielzahl von Durchgangslöchern umfasst,
    [d] Vernageln jedes Nagelelements (12) mit seiner entsprechenden Halteplatte (14) der Vielzahl von Verankerungsmitteln (10), so dass in der Betriebsstellung der Verankerungsmittel (10) die Halteplatte (14) das Geogitter (8) überlappt, und wobei das Verfahren ferner die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    [e] Bilden einer ersten Überzugsschicht (18) aus einer durchgehenden synthetischen Polymerbeschichtung, die
    [i] aus einem flüssigen Zustand, in dem das synthetische Polymer durch in-situ-Projektion aufgebracht wird, um die zweite Fläche (6) des Geotextils (2), das Geogitter (8) und das Verankerungsmittel (10) zu bedecken,
    [ii] die erste Überzugsschicht (18) in einen festen Zustand gehärtet wird, um eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der ersten Überzugsschicht (18) und der Halteplatte (14) eines jeden der Verankerungsmittel (10) zu bilden.
  13. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Überzugsschicht (18) aus synthetischem Polymer eine Mischung aus einer ersten und einer zweiten Komponente ist,
    [a] wobei die erste Komponente eine oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch ein Polyol und ein Polyamin gebildet wird, und
    [b] wobei die zweite Komponente ein Isocyanat ist, und
    [c] wobei die erste und zweite Komponente in einem Verhältnis von 1:1 v/v gemischt werden.
  14. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung der ersten Überzugsschicht (18) weiterhin einen flammhemmenden Füllstoff enthält, wobei der flammhemmende Füllstoff einer oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch expandierbaren Graphit, Aluminiumhydroxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Trialkylphosphat, Triarylphosphat, chloriertes Paraffin, Melamincyanurat (MC), Tris(chlorpropyl)phosphat (TCPP), Triethylphosphat (TEP), Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBPP-A), Resorcin-bis(diphenylphosphat) (RDP) oder Bisphenol A-bis(diphenylphosphat) gebildet wird.
  15. Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    [a] Mischen einer zweiten Überzugsschicht (20) aus synthetischem Polymer aus einer dritten und einer vierten Komponente,
    [b] wobei die dritte Komponente eine oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist, die durch ein Polyol und ein Polyamin gebildet wird, und
    [c] wobei die vierte Komponente ein Isocyanat ist,
    [d] wobei die dritte und vierte Komponente der zweiten Überzugsschicht (20) in einem Verhältnis von 2,5 bis 4 : 1 v/v gemischt werden,
    [e] Hinzufügen eines flammhemmenden Füllstoffs zu der zweiten Beschichtungsschicht (20), wobei der flammhemmende Füllstoff einer oder mehrere aus der Gruppe ist die durch expandierbaren Graphit, Aluminiumhydroxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Trialkylphosphat, Triarylphosphat, chloriertes Paraffin, Melamincyanurat (MC), Tris(chlorpropyl)phosphat (TCPP), Triethylphosphat (TEP), Tetrabrombisphenol A (TBPP-A), Resorcinbis(diphenylphosphat) (RDP) oder Bisphenol A-bis(diphenylphosphat) gebildet wird, und
    [f] Bilden der zweiten Überzugsschicht (20) aus synthetischem Polymer als eine durchgehende Beschichtung, die
    (i) aus einem flüssigen Zustand, in dem das synthetische Polymer durch in-situ-Projektion aufgebracht wird, um die erste Überzugsschicht (18) zu bedecken, und
    (ii) die zweite Überzugsschicht (20) in einen festen Zustand gehärtet wird.
EP19382130.3A 2019-02-22 2019-02-22 Wasserdichtes abdecksystem zum abdecken einer oberfläche, einer zivilen struktur und entsprechendes verfahren zum herstellen eines wasserdichten abdecksystems Active EP3699397B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES19382130T ES2901408T3 (es) 2019-02-22 2019-02-22 Sistema de revestimiento impermeable para revestir una superficie, estructura civil y procedimiento correspondiente para formar un sistema de revestimiento impermeable
EP19382130.3A EP3699397B1 (de) 2019-02-22 2019-02-22 Wasserdichtes abdecksystem zum abdecken einer oberfläche, einer zivilen struktur und entsprechendes verfahren zum herstellen eines wasserdichten abdecksystems

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EP19382130.3A EP3699397B1 (de) 2019-02-22 2019-02-22 Wasserdichtes abdecksystem zum abdecken einer oberfläche, einer zivilen struktur und entsprechendes verfahren zum herstellen eines wasserdichten abdecksystems

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GB9815685D0 (en) * 1998-07-20 1998-09-16 Mbt Holding Ag Waterproofer
NZ517503A (en) * 1999-07-23 2004-01-30 William Claudio Bona Structure lining and sealing system
US20130343822A1 (en) * 2012-06-20 2013-12-26 Mark Swarny Liner system for mines, tunnels and other ground structures
ES2393876B1 (es) * 2012-10-23 2013-11-08 Krypton Chemical S.L. Disposición de geomembrana de aislamiento de una superficie y procedimiento de aislamiento correspondiente

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