EP3695180A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation

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Publication number
EP3695180A1
EP3695180A1 EP18773240.9A EP18773240A EP3695180A1 EP 3695180 A1 EP3695180 A1 EP 3695180A1 EP 18773240 A EP18773240 A EP 18773240A EP 3695180 A1 EP3695180 A1 EP 3695180A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
booster
wheel
air
gas
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18773240.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3695180B1 (de
Inventor
Richard Dubettier-Grenier
Patrick Le Bot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3695180A1 publication Critical patent/EP3695180A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3695180B1 publication Critical patent/EP3695180B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
  • ASU cryogenic distillation
  • Oil brake The work is extracted by the viscous friction of the axis of rotation on a film of oil under pressure contained in a cavity around the axis. This friction generates a heating of the oil, which is cooled outside the system to evacuate the work.
  • This system has the disadvantage of implementation and efficiency. Indeed, the work generated is lost and undermines the effectiveness of the whole.
  • the system is limited in power extracted (about 100kW) and is therefore not suitable for ASUs requiring a higher cooling capacity.
  • Compressor brake and refrigerant In addition to the assembly of a turbine with a cryogenic outlet temperature coupled to a compressor having a cryogenic booster inlet temperature, another assembly comprising another turbine coupled to a compressor is implemented in the process. The turbine is then coupled to a compressor whose suction temperature is ambient or slightly sub-ambient. The compression of the gas heats the latter, and it is cooled in a heat exchanger (typically against water) to extract heat, and therefore work. This is the most common way in the field of ASUs ⁇ Generator: The expansion turbine can also be coupled to a generator that extracts work by generating electrical energy sent over a network. The rotational speed of this generator is usually much lower than the speed of rotation of the turbine, which requires a reducer between the two elements.
  • each compression is done in a single-stage compression stage
  • the first compression step starting from the temperature close to ambient, makes it possible to generate work outside the cold box, which generates cooling capacity for the air separation process,
  • the second compression step is cryogenic compression, which compresses a gas withdrawn at an intermediate level from the main exchanger to a first temperature which is a cryogenic temperature, and returned to the main exchanger at a temperature above the first temperature.
  • the two compression steps will be arranged in series on the same flow.
  • this flow will be a part of the total air flow, which will be compressed first from the ambient temperature, then cold.
  • This flow after re-introduction into the main exchanger, will go to the cold end of the exchanger where it will be (pseudo) liquefied.
  • the wheel of the turbine and those of the boosters rotate at the same speed of rotation. Surprisingly, this makes it possible to maintain acceptable thermodynamic efficiencies in the compression steps and the expansion step, despite a rotational speed common to the three wheels. Compared to the state of the art of using two sets of turbine and booster, it becomes possible, thanks to the invention to reduce investment costs without dramatically reducing the efficiency of the process.
  • a method of air separation by cryogenic distillation in which air is compressed in a first compressor, cooled in a heat exchanger and then separated in a system of columns, liquid oxygen is vaporized in the countercurrent heat exchanger of a pressurized gas flow that is (pseudo) condensed, a flow of gas which is air or a gas from the column system is expanded in a single-wheel cryogenic expansion turbine, having an inlet temperature of less than -100 ° C, a gas which is air or gas from the column system, which gas has already been compressed in the first booster, is compressed in a first single-wheel booster with an inlet temperature above -50 ° C, a gas that is air or a gas from the column system is compressed in a second booster a single wheel with a inlet temperature lower than -100 ° C, the supercharged gas in at least the first booster is cooled in the heat exchanger, participates in the vaporization of liquid oxygen by heat exchange in the exchanger,
  • the work generated by the expansion turbine is used for the cryogenic compression step in the first booster and for the compression step in the second booster, and
  • the operating conditions of the wheel of the expansion turbine, the wheel of the first booster and the wheel of the second booster are defined to allow a rotational speed common to these three wheels, and
  • each booster is connected to the turbine wheel by an axis of rotation, these axes rotating at the same speed of rotation or iii) the first booster and the impeller of the expansion turbine are connected to the second booster, each by an axis of rotation, these axes rotating at identical speed of rotation, and
  • the first compression step makes it possible to generate work outside the cold box, which generates cooling capacity for the air separation process.
  • At least one of the wheels of the expansion wheel, the wheel of the first booster and the wheel of the second booster has a lower yield than it would, under the same operating conditions, with another speed of rotation.
  • the compressed gas in the first and second booster is air for distillation.
  • the work produced by the turbine is not transferred to a generator, an oil brake or a compressor other than the first and second boosters.
  • the inlet temperature of the turbine is lower than the inlet temperature of the second booster and / or the inlet temperature of the first booster.
  • the air is overpressed first in the first booster and then in the second booster.
  • the air relaxed in the turbine was supercharged in the first booster.
  • the air relaxed in the turbine was supercharged in the first booster and possibly in the second booster.
  • an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation comprising a heat exchanger, a pipe for sending compressed air into a first compressor to cool in the heat exchanger, a system of columns, a pipe to send cooled air into the heat exchanger is separated in the column system, a pipe for sending liquid oxygen from the system to vaporize in the heat exchanger, a pipe for sending a flow of pressurized gas into the heat exchanger.
  • heat a single-wheel cryogenic expansion turbine, a pipe connected to an intermediate point of the heat exchanger to send a flow of gas which is air or a gas from the column system of the heat exchanger.
  • the method uses the second expansion turbine, the two turbines operate in parallel and the flow of gas which is air or gas from the column system is divided into two fractions, each being expanded in one of the two turbines.
  • the compressed gas in the first and second booster is air for distillation.
  • the apparatus comprises means for sending at least a portion of the air, or all the air or at least a portion of the gas, or even all the gas, compressed in the first booster supercharger in the second booster.
  • the turbine is not coupled to a generator, an oil brake or a compressor other than the first and second boosters.
  • the apparatus comprises only one turbine.
  • the apparatus comprises means for sending air from the first booster and possibly the second booster to the turbine.
  • Figure 1 shows a method of separating air by cryogenic distillation in a double column having an optional minaret.
  • a flow of compressed air at the pressure of the first column, designated by the reference MP, of the double column is divided into two.
  • a flow 3 cools in a main heat exchanger E1 and is sent to the first column MP.
  • the rest of the air is overpressed in an auxiliary booster S and cooled in a cooler R before being divided into two.
  • Part 7 of the air is sent to the main heat exchanger E1 where it cools to an intermediate temperature of this exchanger which is less than -100 ° C. At this temperature the flow 7 is sent to a turbine T where it is expanded at the pressure of the first column before being mixed with the flow 3 and sent to the first column.
  • Another part 9 of the air of the booster S is sent to a first booster B1 without having been cooled in the heat exchanger E1.
  • the air 9 is then cooled in a cooler before being sent to the hot end of the heat exchanger where it cools to an intermediate temperature of the exchanger but greater than the inlet temperature of the turbine T.
  • air 9 leaves the exchanger E1 at this intermediate temperature and is supercharged in a second booster B2.
  • the supercharged air is returned to the exchanger E1 at a temperature higher than the intermediate temperature and the inlet temperature of the turbine T.
  • the supercharged air in B2 continues cooling in the heat exchanger E1 to cold end and is expanded in a valve V to enter the MP column in liquid or pseudo condensed form. Part of this expanded liquid can also be returned to the LP low pressure column.
  • the first and second boosters are both single-stage boosters with only one compression wheel.
  • the wheel of the first booster B1, the wheel of the second booster B2 and the wheel of the turbine T are mounted on the same axis of rotation or on pins integrally connected.
  • the turbine T is not coupled to a generator or an oil brake. It only drives the first and second boosters B1, B2.
  • the first booster B1 has an inlet temperature greater than -50 ° C, optionally greater than 0 ° C, preferably greater than 10 ° C.
  • the second booster B2 has an inlet temperature lower than -100 ° C.
  • An oxygen enriched liquid and a nitrogen enriched liquid are fed from the first MP column to the second column, designated BP, as reflux liquids.
  • a top gas from the first column condenses in a bottom condenser of the second column and is condensed and returned to the first column.
  • the air flow 1 compressed at a pressure at least 5 bars higher than the pressure of the first column is divided into two parts 7, 9.
  • Part 7 is sent to the main heat exchanger E1 where it cools down. at an intermediate temperature of this exchanger which is below -100 ° C. At this temperature the flow 7 is sent to a turbine T where it is expanded at the pressure of the first column.
  • Part 9 of the air is supercharged in a second booster B2. The supercharged air is sent, after cooling in a water cooler, to the hot end of the heat exchanger E1 where it cools to an intermediate temperature of the exchanger but greater than or equal to the inlet temperature of the turbine T.
  • the air 9 leaves the exchanger E1 at this intermediate temperature and is supercharged in a second booster B2.
  • the supercharged air is returned to the exchanger E1 at a temperature higher than the inlet temperature of the turbine T.
  • the supercharged air in B2 continues cooling in the heat exchanger E1 until the cold end and is relaxed in a valve to enter the MP column in liquid or pseudo condensed form. Part of this expanded liquid can also be returned to the LP low pressure column.
  • the first and second boosters are both single-stage boosters with only one compression wheel.
  • the wheel of the first booster B1, the wheel of the second booster B2 and the wheel of the turbine T are mounted on the same axis of rotation or on pins integrally connected.
  • the turbine T is not coupled to a generator or an oil brake. It only drives the first and second boosters B1, B2.
  • the first booster B1 has an inlet temperature greater than 0 ° C.
  • the second booster B2 has an inlet temperature lower than -100 ° C.
  • the work generated by the expansion turbine is used for the cryogenic compression step in the first booster and for the compression step in the second booster.
  • the operating conditions of the wheel of the expansion turbine T, the wheel of the first booster B1 and the wheel of the second booster B2 are defined to allow a rotation speed common to these three wheels.
  • the wheel of the first booster B1, the wheel of the second booster B2 and the wheel of the turbine T are mounted on the same axis of rotation in the figures /
  • each booster can be connected to the wheel of the turbine by an axis of rotation, these axes rotating at identical speed.
  • At least one of the wheels of the expansion wheel, the wheel of the first booster and the wheel of the second booster has a lower yield than it would, under the same operating conditions, with another rotation speed.
  • the invention is also applicable in the case where a nitrogen flow or other gas from the distillation is supercharged in a first booster having an inlet temperature greater than -50 ° C and a second booster having an inlet temperature lower than -100 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP18773240.9A 2017-10-13 2018-08-30 Verfahren zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation Active EP3695180B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1701070A FR3072451B1 (fr) 2017-10-13 2017-10-13 Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
PCT/FR2018/052130 WO2019073132A1 (fr) 2017-10-13 2018-08-30 Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique

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EP3695180A1 true EP3695180A1 (de) 2020-08-19
EP3695180B1 EP3695180B1 (de) 2024-06-05

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EP (1) EP3695180B1 (de)
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WO (1) WO2019073132A1 (de)

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EP4004468B1 (de) 2019-07-26 2024-07-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von luft durch kryogenische destillation
CN115751183A (zh) * 2022-11-10 2023-03-07 清远南玻节能新材料有限公司 冷热量循环交换节能系统以及制氮装置

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US2608070A (en) * 1944-02-11 1952-08-26 Kapitza Peter Leonidovitch Method and means for distillation of low boiling point liquids
DE1199293B (de) * 1963-03-29 1965-08-26 Linde Eismasch Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Luftzerlegung in einem Einsaeulenrektifikator
GB1471404A (en) * 1973-04-17 1977-04-27 Petrocarbon Dev Ltd Reliquefaction of boil-off gas
FR2721383B1 (fr) * 1994-06-20 1996-07-19 Maurice Grenier Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression.
FR2854683B1 (fr) * 2003-05-05 2006-09-29 Air Liquide Procede et installation de production de gaz de l'air sous pression par distillation cryogenique d'air
US6962062B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-11-08 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Proédés Georges Claude Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation
FR2913759B1 (fr) * 2007-03-13 2013-08-16 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de production de gaz de l'air sous forme gazeuse et liquide a haute flexibilite par distillation cryogenique.
US20120174622A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2012-07-12 Alstom Technology Ltd System for gas processing
FR2973485B1 (fr) * 2011-03-29 2017-11-24 L'air Liquide Sa Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
US20160053764A1 (en) * 2012-10-03 2016-02-25 Ahmed F. Abdelwahab Method for controlling the compression of an incoming feed air stream to a cryogenic air separation plant
WO2014210409A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of utilizing axial flow expanders
EP2963367A1 (de) * 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit variablem Energieverbrauch

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CN111183328B (zh) 2022-11-08
WO2019073132A1 (fr) 2019-04-18
US20200333069A1 (en) 2020-10-22
FR3072451B1 (fr) 2022-01-21
EP3695180B1 (de) 2024-06-05
FR3072451A1 (fr) 2019-04-19
CN111183328A (zh) 2020-05-19

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