EP3695102B1 - Labyrinth sealing comprising a knife edge seal having a deflector - Google Patents

Labyrinth sealing comprising a knife edge seal having a deflector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3695102B1
EP3695102B1 EP18821725.1A EP18821725A EP3695102B1 EP 3695102 B1 EP3695102 B1 EP 3695102B1 EP 18821725 A EP18821725 A EP 18821725A EP 3695102 B1 EP3695102 B1 EP 3695102B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
labyrinth seal
deflector
lip
tangential direction
Prior art date
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EP18821725.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3695102A1 (en
Inventor
Bertrand Guillaume Robin PELLATON
Lucas BENASSIS
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Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
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Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
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Priority to PL18821725T priority Critical patent/PL3695102T3/en
Publication of EP3695102A1 publication Critical patent/EP3695102A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/127—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/55—Seals

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a labyrinth seal comprising a wiper provided with a baffle.
  • Labyrinth seals are well known and very common in aeronautics, for example. They tolerate a small flow of leakage through them. They are normally used to separate enclosures containing gases at different pressures, following one another along a rotor and a stator facing the rotor, or more generally two structures in relative rotation.
  • the labyrinth seals in question here comprise a base fixed to one of the structures and carrying at least one wiper, that is to say a circular ridge rising from the base and of which the top is directed towards the other of the structures, which can carry a gasket such as a honeycomb, very close to the top of the wiper, or another so-called abradable material that the wiper can easily erode when the play disappears, in the event of differential thermal expansions, for example between the rotor and the stator, or during sudden accelerations generating large centrifugal displacements.
  • the leakage rate is reduced by the narrowness of the clearance between the top of the wiper and the facing seal, as well as by the sudden variation in section offered to the leakage flow produced by the wiper. This abrupt variation effect is reinforced in the usual case where several wipers follow one another along the direction of flow.
  • FR 2 825 411 A1 describes a wiper made up of segments whose height (in radial direction) is variable; EP 2 116 692 A2 , wipers may be composed of curved segments in the axial direction of the rotor; US 6,478,304 B1 , a wiper provided with cutting elements projecting from the side faces and from the top face of the wiper; and FR 2 963 403 A1 , wipers provided with side deflectors, but on a stator.
  • the fundamental object of the present invention is to further reduce the leakage rates passing through the labyrinth seals, by means of an innovation in the design of the wipers.
  • a general aspect of the invention is a labyrinth seal as defined in claim 1.
  • the deflector is a structure projecting on a lateral side of the wiper and having a face, called a deflector, directed in the tangential direction of the rotor so as to intercept a part of the flow having locally a direction with a preponderant radial component since it s 'flows along this lateral side of the wiper, to deflect it by increasing its tangential component, so as to disturb the leakage flow in the mainly axial and perpendicular direction, and therefore to reduce its flow.
  • the concavity of the deflector face increases the particularly beneficial tangential component.
  • the figures 1 and 2 show a classic labyrinth seal, in axial section and in cross section.
  • a rotor shaft 1 extending in an axial direction X of a turbomachine is surrounded by a stator 2.
  • the labyrinth seal 3 comprises a seal 4, which may take on the appearance of a honeycomb, fixed to the stator 2, and wipers 5 standing on a base 6 fixed to the rotor 1.
  • the wipers 5 rise in a radial direction R of the machine and extend in a tangential direction T, these three directions being perpendicular to each other .
  • the stator 2 and the seal 4 are annular, the wipers 5 are circular around the central axis of the machine.
  • the wipers 5 are each delimited by two side faces 7 and 8 connecting to the base 6, and by a top face 9, which can be a simple ridge, connecting to the opposite ends of the side faces 7 and 8.
  • the joint to maze 3 separates two gas chambers 10 and 11 succeeding each other along the rotor 1 and delimited by it and by the stator 2. If one of the chambers 10 is at a greater pressure than the other, a leakage flow 12 is established at through the labyrinth seal 3, through the clearances between the top faces 9 of the wipers 5 and the seal 4.
  • the side face 7 is directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, and the side face lateral 8 downstream for each of the wipers 5.
  • the wipers 5 are provided at least on one of their side faces, in particular on the side face 7 directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, with deflectors 13 which may consist of plates and anyway comprising a deflector face 14 secant to the lateral face 7 on which the deflectors are installed, and directed in the direction of movement T + of the rotor 1 in the tangential direction T.
  • the deflectors 13 can be installed at regular angular steps by the tangential direction T le along the wiper 5.
  • the deflector faces 14 are inclined relative to the tangential direction T, that is to say they extend over at least part of the height of the wiper 5 between the base 6 and the top face 9 in the radial direction R, and advantageously over this entire height. This inclination is variable, lower near the base 6 (that is to say that the deflector face 13 is almost horizontal on the tangential direction T) and then constantly increasing, approaching the top face. 9 (that is to say, the angle with the radial direction R constantly decreases): the deflector face 14 is concave.
  • the effect of the deflector 13 can be explained as follows.
  • the leakage flow 12 takes the form of a vortex 15 in front of the wiper 5, especially if the wiper 5 is preceded by another of the same nature, delimiting a cavity 16 for forming the vortex 15.
  • the regions of the vortex 15 which are close together of the wiper 5 receive from it a significant tangential speed component imposed by the movement of the rotor 1.
  • the fraction of the leakage flow 12 candidate to cross the wiper 5 therefore undergoes a collision with this gas deflected by the deflectors 13, and which therefore has a component radial and a significant tangential component.
  • the flow fraction is then disturbed, which reduces the leakage rate through the wiper 5.
  • the tangential component, favored by the change in inclination of the deflector 13, is considered to be more useful for producing this effect.
  • the radial component imposed on the gas intercepted by the deflectors 13 is here centrifugal, the rotor 1 being central and surrounded by the stator 2 (or more generally by the body carrying the seal 4).
  • a reverse arrangement would be possible, the rotor carrying the wipers surrounding the stator, and the deflectors would then be carrying the wipers placed to impose a centripetal radial component on the gas.
  • the wipers 5 could be inclined in the axial direction without change for the invention, which has been shown in figure 5 (where they are inclined upstream of the leakage flow 12 from the base 6), or straight (standing in a purely radial direction), which is shown in figure 3 ; the inclination of the side faces 7 and 8 in the axial direction is not a critical parameter either.
  • the number of deflectors 13 in the angular direction can be a few tens, or greater than a hundred for example, with an angular pitch which can range from 2 ° to 10 ° approximately.
  • the angular pitch of the deflectors 13 may be identical to that of the blades. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Le sujet de l'invention présente est un joint à labyrinthe comprenant une léchette dotée d'un déflecteur.The subject of the present invention is a labyrinth seal comprising a wiper provided with a baffle.

ARRIÈRE-PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Les joints à labyrinthe sont bien connus et d'un emploi très courant dans l'aéronautique par exemple. Ils tolèrent un petit débit de fuite à travers eux. Ils servent normalement à séparer des enceintes contenant des gaz à des pressions différentes, se succédant le long d'un rotor et d'un stator en regard du rotor, ou plus généralement de deux structures en rotation relative. Les joints à labyrinthe dont il est question ici comprennent une embase fixée à l'une des structures et porteuse d'au moins une léchette, c'est-à-dire d'une crête circulaire se dressant à partir de l'embase et dont le sommet est dirigé vers l'autre des structures, qui peut porter une garniture d'étanchéité telle qu'un nid d'abeille, très proche du sommet de la léchette, ou une autre matière dite abradable que la léchette peut facilement éroder quand le jeu disparaît, en cas de dilatations thermiques différentielles par exemple entre le rotor et le stator, ou au cours d'accélérations brutales générant des déplacements centrifuges importants. Le débit de fuite est diminué par l'étroitesse du jeu entre le sommet de la léchette et la garniture de l'étanchéité en regard, ainsi que par la variation brusque de section offerte à l'écoulement de fuite, que produit la léchette. Cet effet de variation brusque est renforcé dans le cas usuel où plusieurs léchettes se succèdent le long de la direction d'écoulement.Labyrinth seals are well known and very common in aeronautics, for example. They tolerate a small flow of leakage through them. They are normally used to separate enclosures containing gases at different pressures, following one another along a rotor and a stator facing the rotor, or more generally two structures in relative rotation. The labyrinth seals in question here comprise a base fixed to one of the structures and carrying at least one wiper, that is to say a circular ridge rising from the base and of which the top is directed towards the other of the structures, which can carry a gasket such as a honeycomb, very close to the top of the wiper, or another so-called abradable material that the wiper can easily erode when the play disappears, in the event of differential thermal expansions, for example between the rotor and the stator, or during sudden accelerations generating large centrifugal displacements. The leakage rate is reduced by the narrowness of the clearance between the top of the wiper and the facing seal, as well as by the sudden variation in section offered to the leakage flow produced by the wiper. This abrupt variation effect is reinforced in the usual case where several wipers follow one another along the direction of flow.

Si un débit de fuite est toléré et inévitable avec les joints à labyrinthe, on s'efforce toujours de le diminuer, en recourant, entre autre, à des formes particulières des léchettes. A l'art antérieur du domaine technique appartiennent les documents FR 2 980 234 A et FR 2 825411 A , qui illustrent l'utilisation très fréquente des joints à labyrinthe à l'extrémité libre d'aubes de turbomachines, et, pour le dernier d'entre eux, une construction particulière des léchettes en dents de scie se succédant dans la direction tangentielle, afin de faciliter l'entame de la garniture par les léchettes, en absorbant moins de puissance du rotor, quand le jeu entre elles et les léchettes disparaît.If a leakage rate is tolerated and unavoidable with labyrinth seals, we always try to reduce it, by resorting, among other things, to particular forms of wipers. To the prior art of the technical field belong the documents FR 2 980 234 A and FR 2 825411 A , which illustrate the very frequent use of labyrinth seals at the free end of turbine engine blades, and, for the last of them, a particular construction of sawtooth wipers succeeding each other in the tangential direction, in order to to facilitate the start of the lining by the wipers, by absorbing less power from the rotor, when the play between them and the wipers disappears.

Le document FR 2 825 411 A1 décrit une léchette composée de segments dont la hauteur (en direction radiale) est variable ; EP 2 116 692 A2 , des léchettes pouvant être composées de segments incurvés en direction axiale du rotor ; US 6 478 304 B1 , une léchette pourvue d'éléments de coupe saillant des faces latérales et de la face de sommet de la léchette ; et FR 2 963 403 A1 , des léchettes pourvues de déflecteurs latéraux, mais sur un stator.The document FR 2 825 411 A1 describes a wiper made up of segments whose height (in radial direction) is variable; EP 2 116 692 A2 , wipers may be composed of curved segments in the axial direction of the rotor; US 6,478,304 B1 , a wiper provided with cutting elements projecting from the side faces and from the top face of the wiper; and FR 2 963 403 A1 , wipers provided with side deflectors, but on a stator.

L'objet fondamental de l'invention présente est de réduire encore les débits de fuite traversant les joints à labyrinthe, au moyen d'une innovation dans le dessin des léchettes.The fundamental object of the present invention is to further reduce the leakage rates passing through the labyrinth seals, by means of an innovation in the design of the wipers.

RÉSUMÉ DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Un aspect général de l'invention est un joint à labyrinthe tel que défini dans la revendication 1.A general aspect of the invention is a labyrinth seal as defined in claim 1.

Le déflecteur est une structure saillant sur un côté latéral de la léchette et possédant une face, dite déflectrice, dirigée en direction tangentielle du rotor de manière à intercepter une partie de l'écoulement ayant localement une direction avec une composante radiale prépondérante puisqu'il s'écoule le long de ce côté latéral de la léchette, pour le dévier en accroissant sa composante tangentielle, de manière à perturber l'écoulement de fuite dans la direction principalement axiale et perpendiculaire, et donc à réduire son débit. La concavité de la face déflectrice accroît la composante tangentielle particulièrement bénéfique.The deflector is a structure projecting on a lateral side of the wiper and having a face, called a deflector, directed in the tangential direction of the rotor so as to intercept a part of the flow having locally a direction with a preponderant radial component since it s 'flows along this lateral side of the wiper, to deflect it by increasing its tangential component, so as to disturb the leakage flow in the mainly axial and perpendicular direction, and therefore to reduce its flow. The concavity of the deflector face increases the particularly beneficial tangential component.

Selon certaines formes préférées de l'invention :

  • le déflecteur est répété sur la léchette à pas angulaires réguliers dans la direction tangentielle ;
  • la léchette est mobile dans la direction tangentielle et la face déflectrice est dirigée dans un sens de mouvement de la léchette ;
  • la face déflectrice étant depuis l'embase jusqu'à la face de sommet ;
  • la face latérale portant le déflecteur est dirigée vers un amont d'un écoulement traversant le joint à labyrinthe dans une direction axiale perpendiculaire à la direction tangentielle ;
  • la léchette est inclinée à partir de l'embase, vers un amont d'un écoulement traversant le joint à labyrinthe dans une direction axiale perpendiculaire à la direction tangentielle.
According to certain preferred forms of the invention:
  • the deflector is repeated on the wiper at regular angular steps in the tangential direction;
  • the wiper is movable in the tangential direction and the deflector face is directed in a direction of movement of the wiper;
  • the deflector face being from the base to the top face;
  • the side face carrying the deflector is directed towards an upstream of a flow passing through the labyrinth seal in an axial direction perpendicular to the tangential direction;
  • the wiper is inclined from the base, upstream of a flow passing through the labyrinth seal in an axial direction perpendicular to the tangential direction.

Ces différentes modifications et améliorations possibles permettent toutes de renforcer l'effet de la disposition générale.These various modifications and possible improvements all serve to strengthen the effect of the general provision.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

L'invention sera maintenant décrite en détail à l'aide des figures suivantes, qui représentent une réalisation particulière, annexées à titre purement illustratif :

  • les figures 1 et 2 représentent un joint à labyrinthe usuel en coupe axiale et coupe transversale ;
  • les figures 3 et 4, un joint modifié d'après l'invention, encore en coupe axiale et coupe transversale ;
  • et la figure 5 illustre l'écoulement régnant dans le joint.
The invention will now be described in detail with the aid of the following figures, which represent a particular embodiment, appended for purely illustrative purposes:
  • the figures 1 and 2 show a usual labyrinth seal in axial section and cross section;
  • the figures 3 and 4 , a gasket modified according to the invention, still in axial section and transverse section;
  • and the figure 5 illustrates the flow in the joint.

DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un joint à labyrinthe classique, en coupe axiale et en coupe transversale. Un arbre de rotor 1 s'étendant dans une direction axiale X d'une turbomachine est entouré par un stator 2. Le joint à labyrinthe 3 comprend une garniture d'étanchéité 4, pouvant prendre l'aspect d'un nid d'abeille, fixée au stator 2, et des léchettes 5 se dressant sur une embase 6 fixée au rotor 1. Les léchettes 5 se dressent dans une direction radiale R de la machine et s'étendent dans une direction tangentielle T, ces trois directions étant perpendiculaires entre elles. Le stator 2 et la garniture d'étanchéité 4 sont annulaires, les léchettes 5 sont circulaires autour de l'axe central de la machine. Les léchettes 5 sont chacune délimitées par deux faces latérales 7 et 8 se raccordant à l'embase 6, et par une face de sommet 9, pouvant être une simple arête, se raccordant aux extrémités opposées des faces latérales 7 et 8. Le joint à labyrinthe 3 sépare deux enceintes de gaz 10 et 11 se succédant le long du rotor 1 et délimitées par lui et par le stator 2. Si une des enceintes 10 est à une pression plus importante que l'autre, il s'instaure un écoulement de fuite 12 à travers le joint à labyrinthe 3, à travers les jeux compris entre les faces de sommets 9 des léchettes 5 et la garniture d'étanchéité 4. La face latérale 7 est dirigée vers l'amont de l'écoulement de fuite 12, et la face latérale 8 vers l'aval pour chacune des léchettes 5.The figures 1 and 2 show a classic labyrinth seal, in axial section and in cross section. A rotor shaft 1 extending in an axial direction X of a turbomachine is surrounded by a stator 2. The labyrinth seal 3 comprises a seal 4, which may take on the appearance of a honeycomb, fixed to the stator 2, and wipers 5 standing on a base 6 fixed to the rotor 1. The wipers 5 rise in a radial direction R of the machine and extend in a tangential direction T, these three directions being perpendicular to each other . The stator 2 and the seal 4 are annular, the wipers 5 are circular around the central axis of the machine. The wipers 5 are each delimited by two side faces 7 and 8 connecting to the base 6, and by a top face 9, which can be a simple ridge, connecting to the opposite ends of the side faces 7 and 8. The joint to maze 3 separates two gas chambers 10 and 11 succeeding each other along the rotor 1 and delimited by it and by the stator 2. If one of the chambers 10 is at a greater pressure than the other, a leakage flow 12 is established at through the labyrinth seal 3, through the clearances between the top faces 9 of the wipers 5 and the seal 4. The side face 7 is directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, and the side face lateral 8 downstream for each of the wipers 5.

Selon l'invention (figures 3, 4 et 5), les léchettes 5 sont pourvues au moins à l'une de leurs faces latérales, notamment à la face latérale 7 dirigée vers l'amont de l'écoulement de fuite 12, de déflecteurs 13 pouvant consister en plaquettes et comprenant de toute façon une face déflectrice 14 sécante à la face latérale 7 sur laquelle les déflecteurs sont installés, et dirigée dans le sens de mouvement T+ du rotor 1 dans la direction tangentielle T. Les déflecteurs 13 peuvent être installés à pas angulaires réguliers par la direction tangentielle T le long de la léchette 5. Les faces déflectrices 14 sont inclinées par rapport à la direction tangentielle T, c'est-à-dire qu'elles s'étendent sur au moins une partie de la hauteur de la léchette 5 entre l'embase 6 et la face de sommet 9 dans la direction radiale R, et avantageusement sur toute cette hauteur. Cette inclinaison est variable, plus faible près de l'embase 6 (c'est-à-dire que la face déflectrice 13 est presque horizontale sur la direction tangentielle T) et croissant ensuite sans cesse, en s'approchant de la face de sommet 9 (c'est-à-dire que l'angle avec la direction radiale R diminue sans cesse) : la face déflectrice 14 est concave.According to the invention ( figures 3 , 4 and 5 ), the wipers 5 are provided at least on one of their side faces, in particular on the side face 7 directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, with deflectors 13 which may consist of plates and anyway comprising a deflector face 14 secant to the lateral face 7 on which the deflectors are installed, and directed in the direction of movement T + of the rotor 1 in the tangential direction T. The deflectors 13 can be installed at regular angular steps by the tangential direction T le along the wiper 5. The deflector faces 14 are inclined relative to the tangential direction T, that is to say they extend over at least part of the height of the wiper 5 between the base 6 and the top face 9 in the radial direction R, and advantageously over this entire height. This inclination is variable, lower near the base 6 (that is to say that the deflector face 13 is almost horizontal on the tangential direction T) and then constantly increasing, approaching the top face. 9 (that is to say, the angle with the radial direction R constantly decreases): the deflector face 14 is concave.

L'effet du déflecteur 13 peut être expliqué comme suit. L'écoulement de fuite 12 prend une forme de tourbillon 15 devant la léchette 5, surtout si la léchette 5 est précédée par une autre de même nature, en délimitant une cavité 16 de formage du tourbillon 15. Les régions du tourbillon 15 qui sont proches de la léchette 5 reçoivent d'elle une composante tangentielle importante de vitesse qu'impose le mouvement du rotor 1. En arrivant devant la face déflectrice 14 d'un des déflecteurs 13, ils sont canalisés par celle-ci et leur direction est infléchie en donnant une composante de vitesse radiale importante dirigée vers la garniture d'étanchéité 4. La fraction de l'écoulement de fuite 12 candidate à franchir la léchette 5 subit donc une collision avec ce gaz dévié par les déflecteurs 13, et qui possède donc une composante radiale et une composante tangentielle importantes. La fraction d'écoulement est alors perturbée, ce qui réduit le débit de fuite à travers la léchette 5. La composante tangentielle, favorisée par le changement d'inclinaison du déflecteur 13, est considérée comme plus utile pour produire cet effet.The effect of the deflector 13 can be explained as follows. The leakage flow 12 takes the form of a vortex 15 in front of the wiper 5, especially if the wiper 5 is preceded by another of the same nature, delimiting a cavity 16 for forming the vortex 15. The regions of the vortex 15 which are close together of the wiper 5 receive from it a significant tangential speed component imposed by the movement of the rotor 1. Arriving in front of the deflector face 14 of one of the deflectors 13, they are channeled by it and their direction is bent in giving a significant radial velocity component directed towards the seal 4. The fraction of the leakage flow 12 candidate to cross the wiper 5 therefore undergoes a collision with this gas deflected by the deflectors 13, and which therefore has a component radial and a significant tangential component. The flow fraction is then disturbed, which reduces the leakage rate through the wiper 5. The tangential component, favored by the change in inclination of the deflector 13, is considered to be more useful for producing this effect.

La composante radiale imposée au gaz intercepté par les déflecteurs 13 est ici centrifuge, le rotor 1 étant central et entourée par le stator 2 (ou plus généralement par le corps porteur de la garniture d'étanchéité 4). Une disposition inverse serait possible, le rotor porteur des léchettes entourant le stator, et les déflecteurs seraient alors porteurs des léchettes placées pour imposer une composante radiale centripète au gaz.The radial component imposed on the gas intercepted by the deflectors 13 is here centrifugal, the rotor 1 being central and surrounded by the stator 2 (or more generally by the body carrying the seal 4). A reverse arrangement would be possible, the rotor carrying the wipers surrounding the stator, and the deflectors would then be carrying the wipers placed to impose a centripetal radial component on the gas.

Des déflecteurs 13' (figure 3) pourraient encore être placés sur la face latérale 8 des léchettes dirigée vers l'aval de l'écoulement de fuite 12, en sus ou en remplacement des déflecteurs 13 décrit ici ; leur forme pourrait être identique.13 'deflectors ( figure 3 ) could also be placed on the side face 8 of the wipers directed downstream of the leakage flow 12, in addition to or as a replacement for the deflectors 13 described here; their shape could be identical.

Les léchettes 5 pourraient être inclinées en direction axiale sans changement pour l'invention, ce qu'on a représenté à la figure 5 (où elles sont inclinées vers l'amont de l'écoulement de fuite 12 à partir de l'embase 6), ou droites (se dressant en direction purement radiale), ce qu'on a représenté à la figure 3 ; l'inclinaison des faces latérales 7 et 8 dans la direction axiale n'est pas non plus un paramètre critique.The wipers 5 could be inclined in the axial direction without change for the invention, which has been shown in figure 5 (where they are inclined upstream of the leakage flow 12 from the base 6), or straight (standing in a purely radial direction), which is shown in figure 3 ; the inclination of the side faces 7 and 8 in the axial direction is not a critical parameter either.

Le nombre des déflecteurs 13 en direction angulaire peut être de quelques dizaines, ou supérieur à une centaine par exemple, avec un pas angulaire pouvant aller de 2° à 10° environ. Dans le cas, fréquent dans les turbomachines, où le joint d'étanchéité est situé aux sommets d'un étage d'aubes fixes ou mobiles, sur un anneau unissant ces sommets, le pas angulaire des déflecteurs 13 peut être identique à celui des aubes.The number of deflectors 13 in the angular direction can be a few tens, or greater than a hundred for example, with an angular pitch which can range from 2 ° to 10 ° approximately. In the case, frequent in turbomachines, where the seal is located at the tops of a stage of fixed or mobile blades, on a ring uniting these tops, the angular pitch of the deflectors 13 may be identical to that of the blades. .

Claims (7)

  1. Labyrinth seal of a turbomachine, the seal comprising a lip (5) projecting above a base (6) of a rotor (1) of the turbomachine, the lip being circular and extending along a tangential direction (T), comprising two lateral faces (7, 8) each connected to the base and, at an end opposite the base, at a tip face (9) of the lip (5), wherein at least one of the lateral faces supports at least one deflector (13) comprising a deflecting face (14) intersecting with said lateral face and with an inclination relative to the tangential direction, characterised in that the inclination of the deflecting face relative to the tangential direction increases with decreasing distance tip face (9), the deflecting face thus being concave.
  2. Labyrinth seal according to claim 1, characterised in that the deflector is repeated on the lip at a regular angular pitch along the tangential direction (T).
  3. Labyrinth seal according to claim 2, characterised in that the angular pitch is between 2° and 10°.
  4. Labyrinth seal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the lip is free to move along the tangential direction and the deflecting face (14) is directed along a movement direction (T+) of the lip.
  5. Labyrinth seal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the deflecting face (14) extends from the base (6) to the tip face (9).
  6. Labyrinth seal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the lateral face supporting the deflector is directed towards an upstream side of a flow passing through the labyrinth seal along an axial direction (X) perpendicular to the tangential direction.
  7. Labyrinth seal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the lip is inclined from the base, towards an upstream side of a flow (12) passing through the labyrinth seal along an axial direction perpendicular to the tangential direction.
EP18821725.1A 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinth sealing comprising a knife edge seal having a deflector Active EP3695102B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18821725T PL3695102T3 (en) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinth sealing comprising a knife edge seal having a deflector

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1760758A FR3073595B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 LABYRINTH JOINT COMPRISING A STICK WITH A DEFLECTOR
PCT/IB2018/001314 WO2019097286A1 (en) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinth seal comprising a lip provided with a deflector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3695102A1 EP3695102A1 (en) 2020-08-19
EP3695102B1 true EP3695102B1 (en) 2021-12-29

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EP18821725.1A Active EP3695102B1 (en) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinth sealing comprising a knife edge seal having a deflector

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US11143049B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3695102B1 (en)
CN (1) CN111356821B (en)
FR (1) FR3073595B1 (en)
PL (1) PL3695102T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2019097286A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933445C2 (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-12-13 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Sealing ring for non-hermetic fluid seals
FR2825411B1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2003-09-19 Snecma Moteurs TURBINE DAWN WITH SEALING LECHETTE
US6890150B2 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-05-10 General Electric Company Center-located cutter teeth on shrouded turbine blades
FR2893359A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-18 Snecma Sa ANNULAR LETTER FOR A LARYRINTH OF SEALING, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
GB0808206D0 (en) * 2008-05-07 2008-06-11 Rolls Royce Plc A blade arrangement
US20120027573A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 General Electric Company Seal teeth for seal assembly
FR2980234B1 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-08-19 Snecma DAWN FOR TURBOMACHINE WITH SEALING LECHETTES
EP2604797B1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2020-01-22 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Rotor blade with a rib assembly with an abrasive coating
JP6167158B2 (en) * 2015-12-09 2017-07-19 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Seal structure and turbomachine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3073595B1 (en) 2020-02-07
US11143049B2 (en) 2021-10-12
US20210062668A1 (en) 2021-03-04
PL3695102T3 (en) 2022-05-09
CN111356821B (en) 2022-07-15
FR3073595A1 (en) 2019-05-17
EP3695102A1 (en) 2020-08-19
WO2019097286A1 (en) 2019-05-23
CN111356821A (en) 2020-06-30

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