EP3695102B1 - Labyrinthschneidendichtung mit einem deflektor - Google Patents

Labyrinthschneidendichtung mit einem deflektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3695102B1
EP3695102B1 EP18821725.1A EP18821725A EP3695102B1 EP 3695102 B1 EP3695102 B1 EP 3695102B1 EP 18821725 A EP18821725 A EP 18821725A EP 3695102 B1 EP3695102 B1 EP 3695102B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
labyrinth seal
deflector
lip
tangential direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18821725.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3695102A1 (de
Inventor
Bertrand Guillaume Robin PELLATON
Lucas BENASSIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Safran Helicopter Engines SAS filed Critical Safran Helicopter Engines SAS
Priority to PL18821725T priority Critical patent/PL3695102T3/pl
Publication of EP3695102A1 publication Critical patent/EP3695102A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3695102B1 publication Critical patent/EP3695102B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/127—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/55—Seals

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a labyrinth seal comprising a wiper provided with a baffle.
  • Labyrinth seals are well known and very common in aeronautics, for example. They tolerate a small flow of leakage through them. They are normally used to separate enclosures containing gases at different pressures, following one another along a rotor and a stator facing the rotor, or more generally two structures in relative rotation.
  • the labyrinth seals in question here comprise a base fixed to one of the structures and carrying at least one wiper, that is to say a circular ridge rising from the base and of which the top is directed towards the other of the structures, which can carry a gasket such as a honeycomb, very close to the top of the wiper, or another so-called abradable material that the wiper can easily erode when the play disappears, in the event of differential thermal expansions, for example between the rotor and the stator, or during sudden accelerations generating large centrifugal displacements.
  • the leakage rate is reduced by the narrowness of the clearance between the top of the wiper and the facing seal, as well as by the sudden variation in section offered to the leakage flow produced by the wiper. This abrupt variation effect is reinforced in the usual case where several wipers follow one another along the direction of flow.
  • FR 2 825 411 A1 describes a wiper made up of segments whose height (in radial direction) is variable; EP 2 116 692 A2 , wipers may be composed of curved segments in the axial direction of the rotor; US 6,478,304 B1 , a wiper provided with cutting elements projecting from the side faces and from the top face of the wiper; and FR 2 963 403 A1 , wipers provided with side deflectors, but on a stator.
  • the fundamental object of the present invention is to further reduce the leakage rates passing through the labyrinth seals, by means of an innovation in the design of the wipers.
  • a general aspect of the invention is a labyrinth seal as defined in claim 1.
  • the deflector is a structure projecting on a lateral side of the wiper and having a face, called a deflector, directed in the tangential direction of the rotor so as to intercept a part of the flow having locally a direction with a preponderant radial component since it s 'flows along this lateral side of the wiper, to deflect it by increasing its tangential component, so as to disturb the leakage flow in the mainly axial and perpendicular direction, and therefore to reduce its flow.
  • the concavity of the deflector face increases the particularly beneficial tangential component.
  • the figures 1 and 2 show a classic labyrinth seal, in axial section and in cross section.
  • a rotor shaft 1 extending in an axial direction X of a turbomachine is surrounded by a stator 2.
  • the labyrinth seal 3 comprises a seal 4, which may take on the appearance of a honeycomb, fixed to the stator 2, and wipers 5 standing on a base 6 fixed to the rotor 1.
  • the wipers 5 rise in a radial direction R of the machine and extend in a tangential direction T, these three directions being perpendicular to each other .
  • the stator 2 and the seal 4 are annular, the wipers 5 are circular around the central axis of the machine.
  • the wipers 5 are each delimited by two side faces 7 and 8 connecting to the base 6, and by a top face 9, which can be a simple ridge, connecting to the opposite ends of the side faces 7 and 8.
  • the joint to maze 3 separates two gas chambers 10 and 11 succeeding each other along the rotor 1 and delimited by it and by the stator 2. If one of the chambers 10 is at a greater pressure than the other, a leakage flow 12 is established at through the labyrinth seal 3, through the clearances between the top faces 9 of the wipers 5 and the seal 4.
  • the side face 7 is directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, and the side face lateral 8 downstream for each of the wipers 5.
  • the wipers 5 are provided at least on one of their side faces, in particular on the side face 7 directed upstream of the leakage flow 12, with deflectors 13 which may consist of plates and anyway comprising a deflector face 14 secant to the lateral face 7 on which the deflectors are installed, and directed in the direction of movement T + of the rotor 1 in the tangential direction T.
  • the deflectors 13 can be installed at regular angular steps by the tangential direction T le along the wiper 5.
  • the deflector faces 14 are inclined relative to the tangential direction T, that is to say they extend over at least part of the height of the wiper 5 between the base 6 and the top face 9 in the radial direction R, and advantageously over this entire height. This inclination is variable, lower near the base 6 (that is to say that the deflector face 13 is almost horizontal on the tangential direction T) and then constantly increasing, approaching the top face. 9 (that is to say, the angle with the radial direction R constantly decreases): the deflector face 14 is concave.
  • the effect of the deflector 13 can be explained as follows.
  • the leakage flow 12 takes the form of a vortex 15 in front of the wiper 5, especially if the wiper 5 is preceded by another of the same nature, delimiting a cavity 16 for forming the vortex 15.
  • the regions of the vortex 15 which are close together of the wiper 5 receive from it a significant tangential speed component imposed by the movement of the rotor 1.
  • the fraction of the leakage flow 12 candidate to cross the wiper 5 therefore undergoes a collision with this gas deflected by the deflectors 13, and which therefore has a component radial and a significant tangential component.
  • the flow fraction is then disturbed, which reduces the leakage rate through the wiper 5.
  • the tangential component, favored by the change in inclination of the deflector 13, is considered to be more useful for producing this effect.
  • the radial component imposed on the gas intercepted by the deflectors 13 is here centrifugal, the rotor 1 being central and surrounded by the stator 2 (or more generally by the body carrying the seal 4).
  • a reverse arrangement would be possible, the rotor carrying the wipers surrounding the stator, and the deflectors would then be carrying the wipers placed to impose a centripetal radial component on the gas.
  • the wipers 5 could be inclined in the axial direction without change for the invention, which has been shown in figure 5 (where they are inclined upstream of the leakage flow 12 from the base 6), or straight (standing in a purely radial direction), which is shown in figure 3 ; the inclination of the side faces 7 and 8 in the axial direction is not a critical parameter either.
  • the number of deflectors 13 in the angular direction can be a few tens, or greater than a hundred for example, with an angular pitch which can range from 2 ° to 10 ° approximately.
  • the angular pitch of the deflectors 13 may be identical to that of the blades. .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Labyrinthdichtung eines Turbinentriebwerks, wobei die Dichtung eine Schneide (5) aufweist, die sich auf einem Sockel (6) eines Rotors (1) des Turbinentriebwerks erhebt, wobei sich die Schneide kreisförmig entlang einer tangentialen Richtung (T) erstreckt, zwei Seitenflächen (7, 8) aufweist, die sich jeweils mit dem Sockel und an einem dem Sockel gegenüberliegenden Ende mit einer Scheitelfläche (9) der Schneide (5) verbinden, wo mindestens eine der Seitenflächen mindestens einen Deflektor (13) mit einer Ablenkfläche (14) trägt, die die Seitenfläche schneidet und eine Neigung bezüglich der tangentialen Richtung aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der Ablenkfläche bezüglich der tangentialen Richtung bei Annäherung an die Scheitelfläche (9) zunimmt, wobei die Ablenkfläche somit konkav ist.
  2. Labyrinthdichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Deflektor auf der Schneide in gleichmäßigem Winkelschritt in der tangentialen Richtung (T) wiederholt wird.
  3. Labyrinthdichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkelschritt zwischen 2° und 10° liegt.
  4. Labyrinthdichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneide in der tangentialen Richtung beweglich ist und die Ablenkfläche (14) in eine Bewegungsrichtung (T+) der Schneide geleitet wird.
  5. Labyrinthdichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ablenkfläche (14) von dem Sockel (6) zur Scheitelfläche (9) verläuft.
  6. Labyrinthdichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Deflektor tragende Seitenfläche zu einer stromaufwärtigen Seite einer Strömung geleitet wird, die die Labyrinthdichtung in einer axialen Richtung (X) senkrecht zur tangentialen Richtung durchquert.
  7. Labyrinthdichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schneide ausgehend vom Sockel in Richtung einer stromaufwärtigen Seite einer Strömung (12) geneigt ist, die die Labyrinthdichtung in einer axialen Richtung senkrecht zur tangentialen Richtung durchquert.
EP18821725.1A 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinthschneidendichtung mit einem deflektor Active EP3695102B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18821725T PL3695102T3 (pl) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Uszczelnienie labiryntowe zawierające występ wyposażony w deflektor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1760758A FR3073595B1 (fr) 2017-11-15 2017-11-15 Joint a labyrinthe comprenant une lechette dotee d'un deflecteur
PCT/IB2018/001314 WO2019097286A1 (fr) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Joint a labyrinthe comprenant une lechette dotee d'un deflecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3695102A1 EP3695102A1 (de) 2020-08-19
EP3695102B1 true EP3695102B1 (de) 2021-12-29

Family

ID=61003196

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18821725.1A Active EP3695102B1 (de) 2017-11-15 2018-11-16 Labyrinthschneidendichtung mit einem deflektor

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11143049B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3695102B1 (de)
CN (1) CN111356821B (de)
FR (1) FR3073595B1 (de)
PL (1) PL3695102T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2019097286A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933445C2 (de) * 1999-07-16 2001-12-13 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Dichtring für nicht- hermetische Fluiddichtungen
FR2825411B1 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2003-09-19 Snecma Moteurs Aube de turbine avec lechette d'etancheite
US6890150B2 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-05-10 General Electric Company Center-located cutter teeth on shrouded turbine blades
FR2893359A1 (fr) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-18 Snecma Sa Lechette annulaire destinee a un laryrinthe d'etancheite, et son procede de fabrication
GB0808206D0 (en) * 2008-05-07 2008-06-11 Rolls Royce Plc A blade arrangement
US20120027573A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 General Electric Company Seal teeth for seal assembly
FR2980234B1 (fr) 2011-09-16 2016-08-19 Snecma Aube pour turbomachine avec lechettes d'etancheite
ES2773743T3 (es) * 2011-12-13 2020-07-14 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Paleta que tiene un conjunto de nervaduras con un recubrimiento abrasivo
JP6167158B2 (ja) * 2015-12-09 2017-07-19 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 シール構造及びターボ機械

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3695102T3 (pl) 2022-05-09
US20210062668A1 (en) 2021-03-04
FR3073595B1 (fr) 2020-02-07
CN111356821B (zh) 2022-07-15
WO2019097286A1 (fr) 2019-05-23
CN111356821A (zh) 2020-06-30
US11143049B2 (en) 2021-10-12
FR3073595A1 (fr) 2019-05-17
EP3695102A1 (de) 2020-08-19

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